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Karachi SS, Eskandari K. Bonding in the high spin lithium clusters: Non-nuclear attractors play a crucial role. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:962-968. [PMID: 36573786 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The bonding in lithium high-spin clusters contradicts the usual chemical bonding concept since there are no electron pairs between the atoms, and they are bound with parallel spin electrons. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules and interacting quantum atom analysis (IQA) were used to investigate the nature of bonding in the high-spin Li n n + 1 n = 2 - 5 clusters. Our findings demonstrate that the non-nuclear attractors (NNAs) are an essential component of the high-spin lithium clusters and play a key role in keeping them stable. Based on IQA energy terms, an electrostatic destabilizing interaction between the lithium atoms works against the cluster formation. On the other hand, the interactions between lithium atoms and NNA basins are stabilizing and outweigh the lithium-lithium destabilizing effects. In fact, NNAs tend to draw lithium atoms together and stabilize the resulting cluster. The high-spin clusters of lithium can be regarded as electrostatically driven compounds since the electrostatic components are primarily responsible for the stabilizing interactions between NNAs and Li atoms. The only exception is 3 Li2 , which lacks NNA and has a non-repellent lithium-lithium interaction. Indeed, in the 3 Li2 , the interatomic electrostatic component is negligibly small, and the exchange-correlation term leads to a weak bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sadat Karachi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kiamars Eskandari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Shaik S, Danovich D, Hiberty PC. On The Nature of the Chemical Bond in Valence Bond Theory. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:090901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0095953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective outlines a panoramic description of the nature of the chemical bond according to valence bond theory. It describes single bonds, and charge-shift bonds (CSBs) in which the entire/most of the bond energy arises from the resonance between the covalent and ionic structures of the bond. Many CSBs are homonuclear bonds. Hypervalent molecules are CSBs. Then we describe multiply bonded molecules with emphasis on C2 and 3O2. The perspective outlines an effective methodology of peeling the electronic structure to the necessary minimum: a structure with a quadruple bond, and two minor structures with double bonds, which stabilize the quadruple bond by resonance. 3O2 is chosen because it is a persistent diradical. The persistence of 3O2 is due to the large CSB resonance interaction of the π-3-electron bonds. Subsequently, we describe the roles of π vs. σ in the geometric preferences in unsaturated molecules, and their Si-based analogs. Then, the perspective discusses bonding in clusters of univalent metal-atoms, which possess only parallel spins, and are nevertheless bonded due to multiple resonance interactions. The bond energy reaches ~40 kcal/mol for a pair of atoms (in n+1Cun; n~10-12). The final subsection discusses singlet excited states in ethene, ozone and SO2. It demonstrates the capability of the breathing-orbital VB method to yield an accurate description of a variety of excited states using 10 or less VB structures. Furthermore, the method underscores covalent structures which play a key role in the correct description and bonding of these excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem Institute of Chemistry, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem Institute of Chemistry, Israel
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe C. Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique CNRS UMR8000 Université de Paris-Sud Bat. 349 91405 Orsay Cédex France
| | - D. Danovich
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Institute of Chemistry Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Institute of Chemistry Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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4
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Tsuji Y, Yoshizawa K. From Infection Clusters to Metal Clusters: Significance of the Lowest Occupied Molecular Orbital (LOMO). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1339-1351. [PMID: 33490793 PMCID: PMC7818624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the nature of the lowest-energy electrons is detailed. The orbital occupied by such electrons can be termed the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LOMO). There is a good correspondence between the Hückel method in chemistry and graph theory in mathematics; the molecular orbital, which chemists view as the distribution of an electron with a specific energy, is to mathematicians an algebraic entity, an eigenvector. The mathematical counterpart of LOMO is known as eigenvector centrality, a centrality measure characterizing nodes in networks. It may be instrumental in solving some problems in chemistry, and also it has implications for the challenge facing humanity today. This paper starts with a demonstration of the transmission of infectious disease in social networks, although it is unusual for a chemistry paper but may be a suitable example for understanding what the centrality (LOMO) is all about. The converged distribution of infected patients on the network coincides with the distribution of the LOMO of a molecule that shares the same network structure or topology. This is because the mathematical structures behind graph theory and quantum mechanics are common. Furthermore, the LOMO coefficient can be regarded as a manifestation of the centrality of atoms in an atomic assembly, indicating which atom plays the most important role in the assembly or which one has the greatest influence on the network of these atoms. Therefore, it is proposed that one can predict the binding energy of a metal atom to its cluster based on its LOMO coefficient. A possible improvement of the descriptor using a more sophisticated centrality measure is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry
and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry
and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Rincon L, Torres FJ, Zambrano CH, Becerra M, Burgos JL, Almeida R, Liu S. Stability of "No-Pair Ferromagnetic" Lithium Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9721-9728. [PMID: 31638808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-spin lithium clusters, n+1Lin (n = 2-21), have been systematically studied by using density functional theory. Although these high-spin clusters have no bonding electron pairs, they are stable with respect to isolated atoms. A set of 42 density functional theory functionals were benchmarked against CCSD(T)/cc-pVQZ results for clusters from the dimer to the hexamer. For these clusters, the strong non-additivity on the binding energy is analyzed employing a many-body energy decomposition scheme, concluding that most of the binding energy is due to a balance between the three- and four-body contributions. After a quality parameter had been defined, the LC-BP86 functional was identified as the most promising one for the description of high-spin lithium clusters. We employ the dependence of the second energy difference on cluster size to predict the formation of a higher-stability cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rincon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) , Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, and Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ) , Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica , Quito , Ecuador 17-1200-841.,Universidad de Los Andes (ULA) , Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , La Hechicera, Mérida 5101 , Venezuela
| | - F Javier Torres
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) , Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, and Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ) , Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica , Quito , Ecuador 17-1200-841
| | - Cesar H Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) , Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, and Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ) , Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica , Quito , Ecuador 17-1200-841
| | - Marcos Becerra
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) , Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, and Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ) , Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica , Quito , Ecuador 17-1200-841
| | - Jose Luis Burgos
- Universidad de Los Andes (ULA) , Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , La Hechicera, Mérida 5101 , Venezuela
| | - Rafael Almeida
- Universidad de Los Andes (ULA) , Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , La Hechicera, Mérida 5101 , Venezuela
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3420 , United States
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Donoso R, Rössler J, Llano-Gil S, Fuentealba P, Cárdenas C. Ferromagnetic bond of Li10 cluster: An alternative approach in terms of effective ferromagnetic sites. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:094301. [PMID: 27608996 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a model to explain the unusual stability of atomic lithium clusters in their highest spin multiplicity is presented and used to describe the ferromagnetic bonding of high-spin Li10 and Li8 clusters. The model associates the (lack of-)fitness of Heisenberg Hamiltonian with the degree of (de-)localization of the valence electrons in the cluster. It is shown that a regular Heisenberg Hamiltonian with four coupling constants cannot fully explain the energy of the different spin states. However, a more simple model in which electrons are located not at the position of the nuclei but at the position of the attractors of the electron localization function succeeds in explaining the energy spectrum and, at the same time, explains the ferromagnetic bond found by Shaik using arguments of valence bond theory. In this way, two different points of view, one more often used in physics, the Heisenberg model, and the other in chemistry, valence bond, come to the same answer to explain those atypical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Donoso
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Rössler
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Llano-Gil
- Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Program, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Patricio Fuentealba
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cárdenas
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
As we approach the Lewis model centennial, it may be timely to discuss novel bonding motifs. Accordingly, this review discusses no-pair ferromagnetic (NPFM) bonds that hold together monovalent metallic atoms using exclusively parallel spins. Thus, without any traditional electron-pair bonds, the bonding energy per atom in these clusters can reach 20 kcal mol(-1). This review describes the origins of NPFM bonding using a valence bond (VB) analysis, which shows that this bonding motif arises from bound triplet electron pairs that are delocalized over all the close neighbors of a given atom in the cluster. The VB model accounts for the tendency of NPFM clusters to assume polyhedral shapes with rather high symmetry and for the very steep rise of the bonding energy per atom. The advent of NPFM clusters offers new horizons in chemistry of highly magnetic species sensitive to magnetic and electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel; ,
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel; ,
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Danovich D, Shaik S. Bonding with parallel spins: high-spin clusters of monovalent metal atoms. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:417-26. [PMID: 23941238 DOI: 10.1021/ar4001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bonding is a glue of chemical matter and is also a useful concept for designing new molecules. Despite the fact that electron pairing remains the bonding mechanism in the great majority of molecules, in the past few decades scientists have had a growing interest in discovering novel bonding motifs. As this Account shows, monovalent metallic atoms having exclusively parallel spins, such as (11)Li10, (11)Au10, and (11)Cu10, can nevertheless form strongly bound clusters, without having even one traditional bond due to electron pairing. These clusters, which also can be made chiral, have high magnetic moments. We refer to this type as no-pair ferromagnetic (NPFM) bonding, which characterizes the (n+1)Mn clusters, which were all predicted by theoretical computations. The small NPFM alkali clusters that have been "synthesized" to date, using cold-atom techniques, support the computational predictions. In this Account, we describe the origins of NPFM bonding using a valence bond (VB) analysis, which shows that this bonding motif arises from bound triplet electron pairs that spread over all the close neighbors of a given atom in the cluster. The bound triplet pair owes its stabilization to the resonance energy provided by the mixing of the local ionic configurations, [(3)M(↑↑)(-)]M(+) and M(+)[(3)M(↑↑)(-)], and the various excited covalent configurations (involving pz and dz(2) atomic orbitals) into the repulsive covalent structure (3)(M↑↑M) with the s(1)s(1) electronic configuration. The NPFM bond of the bound triplet is described by a resonating wave function with "in-out" and "out-in" pointing hybrids. The VB model accounts for the tendency of NPFM clusters to assume polyhedral shapes with rather high symmetry. In addition, this model explains the very steep rise of the bonding energy per atom (De/n), which starts out small in the (3)M2 dimer (<1 kcal/mol) and reaches 12-19 kcal/mol for clusters with 10 atoms. The model further predicts that usage of heteroatomic clusters should increase the bonding energy of an NPFM cluster. These NPFM clusters are excited state species. We suggest here stabilizing these states and making them accessible, for example, by using magnetic fields, or a combination of magnetic and electric fields. The advent of NPFM clusters offers new horizons in chemistry and enriches the scope of chemical bonding. These prospects form a strong incentive to investigate the origins of the bound triplet pairs and further chart the territory of NPFM clusters, for example, in clusters of Be, Mg, or Zn, possibly in clusters of their monosubstituted species, and the group III metalloids, such as B, Al, as well as in transition metals such as Sc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Chen Y, Sakaki S. The important role of the Mo–Mo quintuple bond in catalytic synthesis of benzene from alkynes. A theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11478-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of catalytic synthesis of benzene from alkynes by the Mo–Mo quintuple bond and the electronic structure and bonding nature of dimetallacyclobutadiene and dimetallabenzyne were studied theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.
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10
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Danovich D, Shaik S. Bound Triplet Pairs in the Highest Spin States of Coinage Metal Clusters. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:1479-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100088u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Danovich
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Lise-Meitner Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Lise-Meitner Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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13
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Roy D, Navarro-Vazquez A, Schleyer PVR. Modeling Dinitrogen Activation by Lithium: A Mechanistic Investigation of the Cleavage of N2 by Stepwise Insertion into Small Lithium Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13045-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja902980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Roy
- Center for Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Armando Navarro-Vazquez
- Center for Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Paul. v. R. Schleyer
- Center for Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- David Danovich
- The Lise-Meitner Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michael Filatov
- Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Shaik S. The Lewis legacy: the chemical bond--a territory and heartland of chemistry. J Comput Chem 2007; 28:51-61. [PMID: 17061240 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Is chemistry a science without a territory? I argue that "chemical bonding" has been a traditional chemical territory ever since the chemical community amalgamated in the seventeenth century, and even before. The modern charter of this territory is Gilbert Newton Lewis, who started the "electronic structure revolution in chemistry." As a tribute to Lewis, I describe here three of his key papers from the years 1913, 1916, and 1923, and analyze them. Lewis has defined the quantum unit, the "electron pair bond," for construction of a chemical universe, and in so doing he charted a vast chemical territory and affected most profoundly the mental map of chemistry for generations ahead. Nevertheless, not all is known about the chemical bond" the chemical territory is still teaming with new and exciting problems of in new materials, nanoparticles, quantum dots, metalloenzymes, bonding at surface-vapor interfaces, and so on and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise-Minerva Center for Computational Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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de Visser SP, Kumar D, Danovich M, Nevo N, Danovich D, Sharma PK, Wu W, Shaik S. Ferromagnetic Bonding: High Spin Copper Clusters (n+1Cun; n = 2−14) Devoid of Electron Pairs but Possessing Strong Bonding. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8510-8. [PMID: 16821835 DOI: 10.1021/jp055125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theoretic studies are performed for the high-spin copper clusters (n)(+1)Cu(n) (n = 2-14), which are devoid of electron pairs shared between atoms, hence no-pair clusters (J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 1352; Isr. J. Chem. 1993, 33, 455; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3165). Despite the lack of electron pairing, it is found that the bond dissociation energy per atom (BDE/n) is significant and converges (to within 1 kcal mol(-1)), around a cluster size (11)Cu(10), to a value of BDE/n = 19 kcal mol(-1). This is a very large bonding energy, much larger than has previously been obtained for no-pair clusters of lithium, BDE/n = 12 kcal mol(-1), or sodium clusters, BDE/n = 3 kcal mol(-1). This bonding, so-called ferromagnetic bonding (FM-bonding) is analyzed using a valence bond (VB) model (J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 4961; Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2003, 5, 158). As such, FM-bonding in no-pair clusters is described as an ionic fluctuation, of the triplet pair, that spreads over all the close neighbors of a given atom in the clusters. Thus, if we refer to each triplet pair and its ionic fluctuations as a local FM-bond, we can regard the electronic structure of a given (n)(+1)M(n) cluster as a resonance hybrid of all the local FM-bonds between close neighbors. The model shows how a weak interaction in the diatomic triplet molecule can become a remarkably strong binding force that binds together mono-valent atoms without even a single electron pair. This is achieved because the growing number of VB structures exerts a cumulative effect of stabilization that is maximized when the cluster has a compact structure with an optimal coordination number for the atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam P de Visser
- The Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocenter, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
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Alikhani ME, Shaik S. A Topological Study of the Ferromagnetic “No-Pair Bonding” in Maximum-Spin Lithium clusters: n+1Li n (n=2–6). Theor Chem Acc 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-006-0081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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de Visser SP, Danovich D, Wu W, Shaik S. Ferromagnetic Bonding: Properties of High-Spin Lithium Clusters n+1Lin (n = 2−12) Devoid of Electron Pairs. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014665e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam P. de Visser
- The Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and The Department of Chemistry and the State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, Peoples Republic of China
| | - David Danovich
- The Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and The Department of Chemistry and the State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- The Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and The Department of Chemistry and the State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Sason Shaik
- The Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and The Department of Chemistry and the State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, Peoples Republic of China
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de Visser SP, Alpert Y, Danovich D, Shaik S. “No-Pair Bonding” in High-Spin Lithium Clusters: n+1Lin (n = 2−6). J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam P. de Visser
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Alpert
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Fokin AA, Kiran B, Bremer M, Yang X, Jiao H, Schleyer PVR, Schreiner PR. Which Electron Count Rules Are Needed for Four-Center Three-Dimensional Aromaticity? Chemistry 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(20000502)6:9<1615::aid-chem1615>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Danovich D, Wu W, Shaik S. No-Pair Bonding in the High-Spin 3 State of Li2. A Valence Bond Study of Its Origins. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja982913n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Danovich
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wei Wu
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Jones RO, Lichtenstein AI, Hutter J. Density functional study of structure and bonding in lithium clusters Lin and their oxides LinO. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Shaik S, Hiberty PC. Valence Bond Mixing and Curve Crossing Diagrams in Chemical Reactivity and Bonding. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(08)60112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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