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Pierre HC, Amrine CSM, Doyle MG, Salvi A, Raja HA, Chekan JR, Huntsman AC, Fuchs JR, Liu K, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Verticillins: fungal epipolythiodioxopiperazine alkaloids with chemotherapeutic potential. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38629495 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1970 through June of 2023Verticillins are epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids, many of which possess potent, nanomolar-level cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines. Over the last decade, their in vivo activity and mode of action have been explored in detail. Notably, recent studies have indicated that these compounds may be selective inhibitors of histone methyltransferases (HMTases) that alter the epigenome and modify targets that play a crucial role in apoptosis, altering immune cell recognition, and generating reactive oxygen species. Verticillin A (1) was the first of 27 analogues reported from fungal cultures since 1970. Subsequent genome sequencing identified the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for producing verticillins, allowing a putative pathway to be proposed. Further, molecular sequencing played a pivotal role in clarifying the taxonomic characterization of verticillin-producing fungi, suggesting that most producing strains belong to the genus Clonostachys (i.e., Bionectria), Bionectriaceae. Recent studies have explored the total synthesis of these molecules and the generation of analogues via both semisynthetic and precursor-directed biosynthetic approaches. In addition, nanoparticles have been used to deliver these molecules, which, like many natural products, possess challenging solubility profiles. This review summarizes over 50 years of chemical and biological research on this class of fungal metabolites and offers insights and suggestions on future opportunities to push these compounds into pre-clinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herma C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
| | - Chiraz Soumia M Amrine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences. Arkansas Tech University, 1701 N. Boulder Ave., Russellville, Arkansas 72801, USA
| | - Michael G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
| | - Amrita Salvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave (M/C 870), Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Chekan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
| | - Andrew C Huntsman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - James R Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave (M/C 870), Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | | | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
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2
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Gigant N, Kayal S, Drège E, Joseph D. Metal-free synthesis of γ-ketosulfones through Brønsted acid-promoted conjugate addition of sulfinamides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4623-4631. [PMID: 38318627 PMCID: PMC10839551 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08675e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A straightforward and general metal-free method has been developed to add sufinamide-derived sulfone units on Michael acceptors under mild conditions. This reaction enables the preparation of a large variety of original γ-ketosulfones, of which only a few synthetic methods have been reported. The mild reaction conditions used tolerate a wide diversity of functional groups and empower the implementation of a late-stage functionalisation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gigant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS 91400 Orsay France
| | - Sami Kayal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS 91400 Orsay France
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3
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Kurita D, Sato H, Miyamoto K, Uchiyama M. Mechanistic Investigation of the Degradation Pathways of α-β/α-α Bridged Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs). J Org Chem 2023; 88:12797-12801. [PMID: 37574909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) make up a class of biologically active fungal metabolites with a transannular disulfide bridge. In this work, we used DFT calculations to examine in detail the degradation (desulfurization) pathways of α-β/α-α bridged ETPs. The chemical stability of ETPs is influenced by the type of sulfur bridge, the structural features, and the storage conditions. Our results suggest appropriate protection of the phenolic OH of ETPs would improve various pharmaceutically relevant properties, including bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kurita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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4
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Walker KL, Loach RP, Movassaghi M. Total synthesis of complex 2,5-diketopiperazine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2023; 90:159-206. [PMID: 37716796 PMCID: PMC10955524 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) motif is present in many biologically relevant, complex natural products. The cyclodipeptide substructure offers structural rigidity and stability to proteolysis that makes these compounds promising candidates for medical applications. Due to their fascinating molecular architecture, synthetic organic chemists have focused significant effort on the total synthesis of these compounds. This review covers many such efforts on the total synthesis of DKP containing complex alkaloid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Richard P Loach
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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5
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Koshizuka M, Shinoda K, Makino K, Shimada N. Concise Synthesis of 2,5-Diketopiperazines via Catalytic Hydroxy-Directed Peptide Bond Formations. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37125993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Diketopiperazines (DKPs) with hydroxymethyl functional groups are essential structures found in many bioactive molecules and functional materials. We have established a simple protocol for the concise synthesis of this type of DKPs through diboronic acid anhydride-catalyzed hydroxy-directed peptide bond formations. The sequential reactions in this report, which consist of three steps, an intermolecular catalytic condensation reaction in which water is the only byproduct, a simple deprotection of the nitrogen-protecting group, and an intramolecular cyclization, enabled the synthesis of functionalized DKPs in high to excellent yields without any intermediate purification. The utility of this protocol has been demonstrated by synthesizing natural products, phomamide and Cyclo(Deala-l-Leu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Koshizuka
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kaito Shinoda
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Molecular Transformations, Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Natural Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
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6
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Triastuti A, Vansteelandt M, Barakat F, Amasifuen C, Jargeat P, Haddad M. Untargeted metabolomics to evaluate antifungal mechanism: a study of Cophinforma mamane and Candida albicans interaction. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36595109 PMCID: PMC9810774 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial interactions between filamentous fungi and yeast are still not fully understood. To evaluate a potential antifungal activity of a filamentous fungus while highlighting metabolomic changes, co-cultures between an endophytic strain of Cophinforma mamane (CM) and Candida albicans (CA) were performed. The liquid cultures were incubated under static conditions and metabolite alterations during the course were investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results were analyzed using MS-DIAL, MS-FINDER, METLIN, Xcalibur, SciFinder, and MetaboAnalyst metabolomics platforms. The metabolites associated with catabolic processes, including the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, carnitine, and phospholipids were upregulated both in the mono and co-cultures, indicating fungal adaptability to environmental stress. Several metabolites, including C20 sphinganine 1-phosphate, myo-inositol, farnesol, gamma-undecalactone, folinic acid, palmitoleic acid, and MG (12:/0:0/0:0) were not produced by CA during co-culture with CM, demonstrating the antifungal mechanism of CM. Our results highlight the crucial roles of metabolomics studies to provide essential information regarding the antifungal mechanism of C. mamane against C. albicans, especially when the lost/undetected metabolites are involved in fungal survival and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asih Triastuti
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31400, Toulouse, France.
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia.
| | | | - Fatima Barakat
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlos Amasifuen
- Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Avenida La Molina 1981, La Molina, Lima, 15024, Peru
| | - Patricia Jargeat
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique UMR 5174, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31400, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Bispyrrolidinoindoline Epi(poly)thiodioxopiperazines (BPI-ETPs) and Simplified Mimetics: Structural Characterization, Bioactivities, and Total Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217585. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the 2,5-dioxopiperazine-containing natural products generated by “head-to-tail” cyclization of peptides, those derived from tryptophan allow further structural diversification due to the rich chemical reactivity of the indole heterocycle, which can generate tetracyclic fragments of hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole or pyrrolidinoindoline skeleton fused to the 2,5-dioxopiperazine. Even more complex are the dimeric bispyrrolidinoindoline epi(poly)thiodioxopiperazines (BPI-ETPs), since they feature transannular (poly)sulfide bridges connecting C3 and C6 of their 2,5-dioxopiperazine rings. Homo- and heterodimers composed of diastereomeric epi(poly)thiodioxopiperazines increase the complexity of the family. Furthermore, putative biogenetically generated downstream metabolites with C11 and C11’-hydroxylated cores, as well as deoxygenated and/or oxidized side chain counterparts, have also been described. The isolation of these complex polycyclic tryptophan-derived alkaloids from the classical sources, their structural characterization, the description of the relevant biological activities and putative biogenetic routes, and the synthetic efforts to generate and confirm their structures and also to prepare and further evaluate structurally simple analogs will be reported.
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8
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Koning NR, Sundin AP, Strand D. Total Synthesis of (-)-Glionitrin A and B Enabled by an Asymmetric Oxidative Sulfenylation of Triketopiperazines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21218-21222. [PMID: 34808045 PMCID: PMC8704193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Asymmetric construction
of dithiodiketopiperazines on otherwise
achiral scaffolds remains a pivotal synthetic challenge encountered
in many biologically significant natural products. Herein, we report
the first total syntheses of (−)-glionitrin A/B and revise
the absolute configurations. Emerging from the study is a novel oxidative
sulfenylation of triketopiperazines that enables asymmetric formation
of dithiodiketopiperazines on sensitive substrates. The concise
route paves the way for further studies on the potent antimicrobial
and antitumor activities of glionitrin A and the intriguing ability
of glionitrin B to inhibit invasive ability of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R Koning
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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9
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Hwang JY, Chung B, Kwon OS, Park SC, Cho E, Oh DC, Shin J, Oh KB. Inhibitory Effects of Epipolythiodioxopiperazine Fungal Metabolites on Isocitrate Lyase in the Glyoxylate Cycle of Candida albicans. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060295. [PMID: 34067454 PMCID: PMC8224697 DOI: 10.3390/md19060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four epipolythiodioxopiperazine fungal metabolites (1-4) isolated from the sponge-derived Aspergillus quadrilineatus FJJ093 were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit isocitrate lyase (ICL) in the glyoxylate cycle of Candida albicans. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques and comparisons with previously reported data. We found secoemestrin C (1) (an epitetrathiodioxopiperazine derivative) to be a potent ICL inhibitor, with an inhibitory concentration of 4.77 ± 0.08 μM. Phenotypic analyses of ICL-deletion mutants via growth assays with acetate as the sole carbon source demonstrated that secoemestrin C (1) inhibited C. albicans ICL. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that secoemestrin C (1) inhibits ICL mRNA expression in C. albicans under C2-assimilating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Hwang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Beomkoo Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (B.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Oh-Seok Kwon
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Eunji Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (B.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Jongheon Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (K.-B.O.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2484 (J.S.); +82-2-880-4646 (K.-B.O.)
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (B.C.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (K.-B.O.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2484 (J.S.); +82-2-880-4646 (K.-B.O.)
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10
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Amrine CSM, Huntsman AC, Doyle MG, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Fuchs JR, Oberlies NH. Semisynthetic Derivatives of the Verticillin Class of Natural Products through Acylation of the C11 Hydroxy Group. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:625-630. [PMID: 33859802 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The verticillins, a class of epipolythiodioxopiperazine alkaloids (ETPs) first described 50 years ago with the discovery of verticillin A (1), have gained attention due to their potent activity against cancer cells, noted both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the complex scaffold afforded through optimized fermentation was used as a feedstock for semisynthetic efforts designed to explore the reactivity of the C11 and C11' hydroxy substituents. Functionality introduced at these positions would be expected to impact not only the potency but also the pharmacokinetic properties of the resulting compound. With this in mind, verticillin H (2) was used as a starting material to generate nine semisynthetic analogues (4-12) containing a variety of ester, carbonate, carbamate, and sulfonate moieties. Likewise, verticillin A succinate (13) was synthesized from 1 to demonstrate the successful application of this strategy to other ETPs. The synthesized compounds and their corresponding starting materials (i.e., 1 and 2) were screened for activity against a panel of melanoma, breast, and ovarian cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231, and OVCAR3. All analogues retained IC50 values in the nanomolar range, comparable to, and in some cases more potent than, the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiraz Soumia M. Amrine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
- Department of Physical Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, Arkansas 72801, United States
| | - Andrew C. Huntsman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Michael G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Joanna E. Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - James R. Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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11
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Triastuti A, Haddad M, Barakat F, Mejia K, Rabouille G, Fabre N, Amasifuen C, Jargeat P, Vansteelandt M. Dynamics of Chemical Diversity during Co-Cultures: An Integrative Time-Scale Metabolomics Study of Fungal Endophytes Cophinforma mamane and Fusarium solani. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000672. [PMID: 33289281 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient metabolomic study of Cophinforma mamane and Fusarium solani co-cultivation in time-series based analysis was developed to study metabolome variations during their fungal interactions. The fungal metabolomes were studied through the integration of four metabolomic tools: MS-DIAL, a chromatographic deconvolution of liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS); MS-FINDER, a structure-elucidation program with a wide range metabolome database; GNPS, an effective method to organize MS/MS fragmentation spectra, and MetaboAnalyst, a comprehensive web application for metabolomic data analysis and interpretation. Co-cultures of C. mamane and F. solani induced different patterns of metabolite production over 10 days of incubation and induced production of five de novo compounds not occurring in monocultures. These results emphasize that co-culture in time-frame analysis is an interesting method to unravel hidden metabolome in the investigation of fungal chemodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asih Triastuti
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France.,Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatima Barakat
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Kember Mejia
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Avenida Abelardo Quiñonez Km. 4.5, Iquitos, 1600, Peru
| | - Gabriel Rabouille
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlos Amasifuen
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental [FICIAM], Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza [UNTRM, Chachapoyas, 01001, Peru
| | - Patricia Jargeat
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique UMR 5174, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
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12
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13
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Zhu M, Zhang X, Huang X, Wang H, Anjum K, Gu Q, Zhu T, Zhang G, Li D. Irregularly Bridged Epipolythiodioxopiperazines and Related Analogues: Sources, Structures, and Biological Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2045-2053. [PMID: 32543845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are a class of biologically active fungal secondary metabolites characterized by a bridged polysulfide piperazine ring. Regularly, the sulfide functionality is attached in the α-positions of the dioxopiperazine scaffold. However, ETPs possessing irregular sulfur bridges have rarely been explored. This review summarizes that 83 compounds of this subtype have been isolated and characterized since the discovery of gliovirin in 1982. Herein, particular emphasis is given to the isolation, chemistry, and biological activity of this subtype. For a better understanding, a relevant summary focusing on the source microorganisms and their taxonomy is provided and will help elucidate the fascinating chemistry and biology of these unusual ETPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuenan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Komal Anjum
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang N, Saidhareddy P, Jiang X. Construction of sulfur-containing moieties in the total synthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:246-275. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00093j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys the total syntheses of sulfur-containing natural products where sulfur atoms are introduced with different sulfurization agents to construct related sulfur-containing moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Puli Saidhareddy
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
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15
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Gomes NGM, Pereira RB, Andrade PB, Valentão P. Double the Chemistry, Double the Fun: Structural Diversity and Biological Activity of Marine-Derived Diketopiperazine Dimers. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100551. [PMID: 31569621 PMCID: PMC6835637 DOI: 10.3390/md17100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While several marine natural products bearing the 2,5-diketopiperazine ring have been reported to date, the unique chemistry of dimeric frameworks appears to remain neglected. Frequently reported from marine-derived strains of fungi, many naturally occurring diketopiperazine dimers have been shown to display a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, particularly within the field of cancer and antimicrobial therapy. While their structures illustrate the unmatched power of marine biosynthetic machinery, often exhibiting unsymmetrical connections with rare linkage frameworks, enhanced binding ability to a variety of pharmacologically relevant receptors has been also witnessed. The existence of a bifunctional linker to anchor two substrates, resulting in a higher concentration of pharmacophores in proximity to recognition sites of several receptors involved in human diseases, portrays this group of metabolites as privileged lead structures for advanced pre-clinical and clinical studies. Despite the structural novelty of various marine diketopiperazine dimers and their relevant bioactive properties in several models of disease, to our knowledge, this attractive subclass of compounds is reviewed here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson G M Gomes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Renato B Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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16
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Ohnishi R, Sugawara M, Akakabe M, Ezawa T, Koshino H, Sohtome Y, Sodeoka M. Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Dimer‐Derived Persistent Tertiary‐Carbon‐Centered Radicals with Azo Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Ohnishi
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama University 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama Japan
| | - Masumi Sugawara
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Mai Akakabe
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ezawa
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Molecular Structure Characterization UnitTechnology Platform Division RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sohtome
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama University 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama Japan
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17
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Liu Y, Wang ZP, Banne S, Guo J, He Y. Toward the Total Synthesis of Scabrosins: Synthesis of a Desulfur-scabrosin Skeleton and Its Stereoisomers. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5838-5845. [PMID: 30900891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of a desulfur-scabrosin skeleton was reported. The synthesis began from 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenol, and key steps include asymmetric nucleophilic epoxidation, a Mitsunobu reaction using a sulfonamide as the nucleophile, the construction of a pyrrolidine ring by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, and inversion of configuration through base-induced keto-enol isomerization. Additionally, two isomers of the carbon skeleton were also obtained via an alternative ring-closing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sreenivas Banne
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
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18
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Sohtome Y, Sodeoka M. Development of Chaetocin and
S
‐Adenosylmethionine Analogues as Tools for Studying Protein Methylation. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1660-1671. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sohtome
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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19
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Pakora GA, Mpika J, Kone D, Ducamp M, Kebe I, Nay B, Buisson D. Inhibition of Phytophthora species, agents of cocoa black pod disease, by secondary metabolites of Trichoderma species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29901-29909. [PMID: 28965291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa production is affected by the black pod disease caused by several Phytophthora species that bring, about each year, an estimated loss of 44% of world production. Chemical control remains expensive and poses an enormous risk of poisoning for the users and the environment. Biocontrol by using antagonistic microorganisms has become an alternative to the integrated control strategy against this disease. Trichoderma viride T7, T. harzanium T40, and T. asperellum T54, which showed in vivo and in vitro antagonistic activity against P. palmivora, were cultured and mycelia extracted. Inhibition activity of crude extracts was determined, and then organic compounds were isolated and characterized. The in vitro effect of each compound on the conidia germination and mycelia growth of four P. palmivora, two P. megakaria, and one P. capsici was evaluated. T. viride that displayed best activities produced two active metabolites, viridin and gliovirin, against P. palmivora and P. megakaria strains. However, no activity against P. capsici was observed. Besides being active separately, these two compounds have a synergistic effect for both inhibitions, mycelia growth and conidia germination. These results provide the basis for the development of a low-impact pesticide based on a mixture of viridin and gliovirine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles-Alex Pakora
- Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR 7245), 57 rue Buffon, CP54, 75005, Paris, France
- Département de Biosciences, Laboratoire Pharmacodynamie Biochimique, Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, BP 582, Abidjan, 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Joseph Mpika
- Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, CNRA, 01 BP 1536, Abidjan, 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Daouda Kone
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université de Cocody Abidjan, BP V34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Michel Ducamp
- UMR BGPI-CIRAD, TA A 54/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Ismael Kebe
- Laboratoire de Phytopathologie, CNRA, BP 808, Divo, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bastien Nay
- Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR 7245), 57 rue Buffon, CP54, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Didier Buisson
- Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR 7245), 57 rue Buffon, CP54, 75005, Paris, France.
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20
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Hodges TR, Benjamin NM, Martin SF. Concise approach to the syntheses of (±)-gliocladin C and related diketopiperazine alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Sohtome Y, Shimazu T, Barjau J, Fujishiro S, Akakabe M, Terayama N, Dodo K, Ito A, Yoshida M, Shinkai Y, Sodeoka M. Unveiling epidithiodiketopiperazine as a non-histone arginine methyltransferase inhibitor by chemical protein methylome analyses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9202-9205. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a chemical methylome analysis to evaluate the inhibitory activity of small molecules towards poorly characterized protein methyltransferases.
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22
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Bischoff AJ, Nelson BM, Niemeyer ZL, Sigman MS, Movassaghi M. Quantitative Modeling of Bis(pyridine)silver(I) Permanganate Oxidation of Hydantoin Derivatives: Guidelines for Predicting the Site of Oxidation in Complex Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15539-15547. [PMID: 28975782 PMCID: PMC5739304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The bis(pyridine)silver(I) permanganate promoted hydroxylation of diketopiperazines has served as a pivotal transformation in the synthesis of complex epipolythiodiketopiperazine alkaloids. This late-stage C-H oxidation chemistry is strategically critical to access N-acyl iminium ion intermediates necessary for nucleophilic thiolation of advanced diketopiperazines en route to potent epipolythiodiketopiperazine anticancer compounds. In this study, we develop an informative mathematical model using hydantoin derivatives as a training set of substrates by relating the relative rates of oxidation to various calculated molecular descriptors. The model prioritizes Hammett values and percent buried volume as key contributing factors in the hydantoin series while correctly predicting the experimentally observed oxidation sites in various complex diketopiperazine case studies. Thus, a method is presented by which to use simplified training molecules and resulting correlations to explain and predict reaction behavior for more complex substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Bischoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Brandon M. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zachary L. Niemeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Brea RJ, Devaraj NK. Tension Promoted Sulfur Exchange for Cellular Delivery. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:524-525. [PMID: 28691060 PMCID: PMC5492249 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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24
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Zong L, Bartolami E, Abegg D, Adibekian A, Sakai N, Matile S. Epidithiodiketopiperazines: Strain-Promoted Thiol-Mediated Cellular Uptake at the Highest Tension. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:449-453. [PMID: 28573207 PMCID: PMC5445525 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The disulfide dihedral angle in epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs) is near 0°. Application of this highest possible ring tension to strain-promoted thiol-mediated uptake results in efficient delivery to the cytosol and nucleus. Compared to the previous best asparagusic acid (AspA), ring-opening disulfide exchange with ETPs occurs more efficiently even with nonactivated thiols, and the resulting thiols exchange rapidly with nonactivated disulfides. ETP-mediated cellular uptake is more than 20 times more efficient compared to AspA, occurs without endosomal capture, depends on temperature, and is "unstoppable" by inhibitors of endocytosis and conventional thiol-mediated uptake, including siRNA against the transferrin receptor. These results suggest that ETP-mediated uptake not only maximizes delivery to the cytosol and nucleus but also opens the door to a new multitarget hopping mode of action.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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26
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Wang H, Regan CJ, Codelli JA, Romanato P, Puchlopek-Dermenci ALA, Reisman SE. Enantioselective Synthesis of (-)-Acetylapoaranotin. Org Lett 2017; 19:1698-1701. [PMID: 28349698 PMCID: PMC5387676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of the epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) natural product (-)-acetylapoaranotin (3) is reported. The concise synthesis was enabled by an eight-step synthesis of a key cyclohexadienol-containing amino ester building block. The absolute stereochemistry of both amino ester building blocks used in the synthesis is set through catalytic asymmetric (1,3)-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The formal syntheses of (-)-emethallicin E and (-)-haemotocin are also achieved through the preparation of a symmetric cyclohexadienol-containing diketopiperazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Wang
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Clinton J Regan
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Julian A Codelli
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Paola Romanato
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Angela L A Puchlopek-Dermenci
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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27
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-luteoalbusins A and B is described. Highly regio- and diastereoselective chemical transformations in our syntheses include a Friedel-Crafts C3-indole addition to a cyclotryptophan-derived diketopiperazine, a late-stage diketopiperazine dihydroxylation, and a C11-sulfidation sequence, in addition to congener-specific polysulfane synthesis and cyclization to the corresponding epipolythiodiketopiperazine. We also report the cytoxicity of both alkaloids, and closely related derivatives, against A549, HeLa, HCT116, and MCF7 human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joshua N. Payette
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jaime H. Cheah
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Zipfel HF, Carreira EM. A Unified Strategy to 6-5-6-5-6-Membered Epipolythiodiketopiperazines: Studies towards the Total Synthesis of Scabrosin Diacetate and Haematocin. Chemistry 2015; 21:12475-80. [PMID: 26179159 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The family of epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) natural products consists of over 200 members possessing a wide diversity of structures and biological activity. Recently, the subgroup of 6-5-6-5-6-membered ETPs has gained substantial attention, which has resulted in several total syntheses. Despite all the efforts that have been invested into accessing these complex structures, no synthesis of scabrosin diacetate (1 a) and its related esters has been reported. Herein, our attempts towards scabrosin diacetate (1 a) and haematocin (3) starting from diketopiperazine 12 a as a late-stage intermediate are presented. Diketopiperazine 12 a can be conveniently accessed in multigram quantities from aldehyde 18 and diketopiperazine 21 and was envisioned to serve as a general platform for the synthesis of 6-5-6-5-6-membered ETPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes F Zipfel
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).
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29
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Abstract
Lysine methyltransferase which catalyze methylation of histone and non-histone proteins, play a crucial role in diverse biological processes and has emerged as a promising target for the development of various human diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and psychiatric disorders. However, inhibiting lysine methyltransferases selectively has presented many challenges to medicinal chemists. During the past decade, lysine methyltransferase inhibitors covering many different structural classes have been designed and developed. In this review, we describe the development of selective, small-molecule inhibitors of lysine methyltransferases with an emphasis on their discovery and chemical synthesis. We highlight the current state of lysine methyltransferase inhibitors and discuss future directions and opportunities for lysine methyltransferase inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, Hong Kong
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30
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Baumann M, Dieskau AP, Loertscher BM, Walton MC, Nam S, Xie J, Horne D, Overman LE. Tricyclic Analogues of Epidithiodioxopiperazine Alkaloids with Promising In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4451-4457. [PMID: 26301062 PMCID: PMC4540405 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01536g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A short synthesis of 1,4-dioxohexahydro-6H-3,8a-epidithiopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines will enable future mechanistic and translational studies of these structurally novel and promising clinical antitumor candidates.
Epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids are structurally elaborate alkaloids that show potent antitumor activity. However, their high toxicity and demonstrated interactions with various biological receptors compromises their therapeutic potential. In an effort to mitigate these disadvantages, a short stereocontrolled construction of tricyclic analogues of epidithiodioxopiperazine alkaloids was developed. Evaluation of a small library of such structures against two invasive cancer cell lines defined initial structure–activity relationships (SAR), which identified 1,4-dioxohexahydro-6H-3,8a-epidithiopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine 3c and related structures as particularly promising antitumor agents. ETP alkaloid analogue 3c exhibits low nanomolar activity against both solid and blood tumors in vitro. In addition, 3c significantly suppresses tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of melanoma and lung cancer, without obvious signs of toxicity, following either intraperitoneal (IP) or oral administration. The short synthesis of molecules in this series will enable future mechanistic and translational studies of these structurally novel and highly promising clinical antitumor candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - André P Dieskau
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Brad M Loertscher
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Mary C Walton
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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31
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Welch TR, Williams RM. Epidithiodioxopiperazines. occurrence, synthesis and biogenesis. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1376-404. [PMID: 24816491 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70097f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidithiodioxopiperazine alkaloids possess an astonishing array of molecular architecture and generally exhibit potent biological activity. Nearly twenty distinct families have been isolated and characterized since the seminal discovery of gliotoxin in 1936. Numerous biosynthetic investigations offer a glimpse at the relative ease with which Nature is able to assemble this class of molecules, while providing synthetic chemists inspiration for the development of more efficient syntheses. Herein, we discuss the isolation and characterization, proposed fungal biogeneses, and total syntheses of epidithiodioxopiperazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Welch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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32
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Du L, Robles AJ, King JB, Mooberry SL, Cichewicz RH. Cytotoxic dimeric epipolythiodiketopiperazines from the ascomycetous fungus Preussia typharum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1459-1466. [PMID: 24893224 PMCID: PMC4073660 DOI: 10.1021/np5002253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two new dimeric epipolythiodiketopiperazines, preussiadins A (1) and B (2), together with two known diastereomers, leptosins C (6) and A (7), were obtained from the mycelia of a Preussia typharum isolate. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned by chemical transformations and comparisons of quantum chemical ECD and VCD calculations to experimental data. Compound 1 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity in the NCI-60 cell line panel with an average LC50 value of 251 nM. Further studies demonstrated that 1 circumvents P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance, yet had no significant antitumor activity in a xenograft UACC-62 melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural
Products Applications and Research Technologies, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, 101 Stephenson Parkway, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
| | - Andrew J. Robles
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy &
Research Center, and Department of Medicine, University of Texas
Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United
States
| | - Jarrod B. King
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural
Products Applications and Research Technologies, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, 101 Stephenson Parkway, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
| | - Susan L. Mooberry
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural
Products Applications and Research Technologies, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, 101 Stephenson Parkway, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy &
Research Center, and Department of Medicine, University of Texas
Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United
States
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural
Products Applications and Research Technologies, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, 101 Stephenson Parkway, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
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33
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Tréguier B, Roche SP. Double Annulative Cascade of Tryptophan-Containing Peptides Triggered by Selectfluor. Org Lett 2013; 16:278-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403281t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bret Tréguier
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Physical Science Building, 777 Glades
Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Stéphane P. Roche
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Physical Science Building, 777 Glades
Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
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34
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Cherblanc FL, Chapman KL, Reid J, Borg AJ, Sundriyal S, Alcazar-Fuoli L, Bignell E, Demetriades M, Schofield CJ, DiMaggio PA, Brown R, Fuchter MJ. On the Histone Lysine Methyltransferase Activity of Fungal Metabolite Chaetocin. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8616-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401063r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny L. Cherblanc
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L. Chapman
- Mechanism
and Functional Screening Facility, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12
ONN, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Reid
- Domainex
Ltd., 162 Cambridge Science
Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GH, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron J. Borg
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep Sundriyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Alcazar-Fuoli
- Centre
for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Bignell
- Centre
for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Demetriades
- Department
of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Department
of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. DiMaggio
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Brown
- Ovarian
Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12
ONN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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35
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Abstract
Evolution of the synthetic strategy that culminated in the first total syntheses of the structurally unique plectosphaeroic acids B (2) and C (3) is described. The successful enantioselective route to (+)-2 and (+)-3 proceeds in 6 and 11 steps from the known hexahydro-2H-pyrazinopyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-1,4-dione 39, which in turn is available in enantiomerically pure form by chemical synthesis. The central challenge in this synthesis endeavor was uniting the hexahydro-2H-pyrazinopyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-1,4-dione and cinnabarinic acid fragments of these marine alkaloids. Critical for achieving this successful C-N bond formation was the use of an iodocinnabarinic acid diester in which the amino group was masked with two Boc substituents, a Cu(I) carboxylate complex and the weak base KOAc. The highly congested C-N bond generated in this coupling, in conjunction with the delicate nature of the densely functionalized coupling partners, provided a striking testament to the power of modern copper-mediated amination methods. Two approaches, one stereoselective, for introducing the methylthio substituents of (+)-plectosphaeroic acid B were developed. The epitrisulfide ring of (+)-plectosphaeroic acid C was formed by ring expansion of an epidisulfide precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Y. Jabri
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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36
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Coste A, Kim J, Adams TC, Movassaghi M. Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-Bionectins A and C. Chem Sci 2013; 4:3191-3197. [PMID: 23878720 PMCID: PMC3713796 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The concise and efficient total synthesis of (+)-bionectins A and C is described. Our approach to these natural products features a new and scalable method for erythro-β-hydroxytryptophan amino acid synthesis, an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of a silyl-tethered indole, and a new mercaptan reagent for epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) synthesis that can be unravelled under very mild conditions. In evaluating the impact of C12-hydroxylation, we have identified a unique need for an intramolecular variant of our Friedel-Crafts indolylation chemistry. Several key discoveries including the first example of permanganate-mediated stereoinvertive hydroxylation of the α-stereocenters of diketopiperazines as well as the first example of a direct triketopiperazine synthesis from a parent cyclo-dipeptide are discussed. Finally, the synthesis of (+)-bionectin A and its unambiguous structural assignment through X-ray analysis provides motivation for the reevaluation of its original characterization data and assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Coste
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
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37
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38
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Boyer N, Morrison KC, Kim J, Hergenrother PJ, Movassaghi M. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Epipolythiodiketopiperazine Alkaloids. Chem Sci 2013; 4:1646-1657. [PMID: 23914293 PMCID: PMC3728915 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50174d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids are a highly complex class of natural products with potent anticancer activity. Herein, we report the application of a flexible and scalable synthesis, allowing the construction of dozens of ETP derivatives. The evaluation of these compounds against cancer cell lines in culture allows for the first expansive structure-activity relationship (SAR) to be defined for monomeric and dimeric ETP-containing natural products and their synthetic cognates. Many ETP derivatives demonstrate potent anticancer activity across a broad range of cancer cell lines, and kill cancer cellsviainduction of apoptosis. Several traits thatbode well for the translational potential of the ETP class of natural products includeconcise and efficient synthetic access, potent induction of apoptotic cell death, activity against a wide range of cancer types, and a broad tolerance for modifications at multiple sitesthat should facilitate small-molecule drug development, mechanistic studies, and evaluation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boyer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Karen C. Morrison
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Chemistry, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Justin Kim
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Chemistry, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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39
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of a member of the plectosphaeroic acid family of fungal natural products is reported. Key steps include the late-stage formation of the hindered N6-C9" bond and stereoselective introduction of the two methylthio substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Y. Jabri
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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40
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Cherblanc FL, Davidson RWM, Di Fruscia P, Srimongkolpithak N, Fuchter MJ. Perspectives on natural product epigenetic modulators in chemical biology and medicine. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:605-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Fujishiro S, Dodo K, Iwasa E, Teng Y, Sohtome Y, Hamashima Y, Ito A, Yoshida M, Sodeoka M. Epidithiodiketopiperazine as a pharmacophore for protein lysine methyltransferase G9a inhibitors: reducing cytotoxicity by structural simplification. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:733-6. [PMID: 23266120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chaetocin (1), a structurally complex epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloid produced by Chaetomium minutum, is a potent inhibitor of protein lysine methyltransferase G9a, which plays important roles in many biological processes. Here we present our synthetic investigations to identify a simple prototype G9a inhibitor structure based on structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on chaetocin derivatives. The simple derivative PS-ETP-1 (14) was found to be a potent G9a inhibitor with greatly reduced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Fujishiro
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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42
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Nicolaou KC, Lu M, Totokotsopoulos S, Heretsch P, Giguère D, Sun YP, Sarlah D, Nguyen TH, Wolf IC, Smee DF, Day CW, Bopp S, Winzeler EA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of epidithio-, epitetrathio-, and bis-(methylthio)diketopiperazines: synthetic methodology, enantioselective total synthesis of epicoccin G, 8,8'-epi-ent-rostratin B, gliotoxin, gliotoxin G, emethallicin E, and haematocin and discovery of new antiviral and antimalarial agents. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17320-32. [PMID: 22978674 DOI: 10.1021/ja308429f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An improved sulfenylation method for the preparation of epidithio-, epitetrathio-, and bis-(methylthio)diketopiperazines from diketopiperazines has been developed. Employing NaHMDS and related bases and elemental sulfur or bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]trisulfide (23) in THF, the developed method was applied to the synthesis of a series of natural and designed molecules, including epicoccin G (1), 8,8'-epi-ent-rostratin B (2), gliotoxin (3), gliotoxin G (4), emethallicin E (5), and haematocin (6). Biological screening of selected synthesized compounds led to the discovery of a number of nanomolar antipoliovirus agents (i.e., 46, 2,2'-epi-46, and 61) and several low-micromolar anti- Plasmodium falciparum lead compounds (i.e., 46, 2,2'-epi-46, 58, 61, and 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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43
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Borthwick AD. 2,5-Diketopiperazines: synthesis, reactions, medicinal chemistry, and bioactive natural products. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3641-716. [PMID: 22575049 DOI: 10.1021/cr200398y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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44
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Erb J, Strull J, Miller D, He J, Lectka T. The Diels–Alder Cyclization of Ketenimines. Org Lett 2012; 14:2191-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300742t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Erb
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jessica Strull
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jean He
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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45
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46
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-gliocladin B is described. Our concise and enantioselective synthesis takes advantage of a new regioselective Friedel-Crafts-based strategy to provide an efficient multigram-scale access to the C3-(3'-indolyl)hexahydropyrroloindole substructure, a molecular foundation present in a significant subset of epipolythiodiketopiperazine natural alkaloids. Our first-generation solution to (+)-gliocladin B involved the stereoselective formation of (+)-12-deoxybionectin A, a plausible biosynthetic precursor. Our synthesis clarified the C15 stereochemistry of (+)-gliocladin B and allowed its full structure confirmation. Further studies of a versatile dihydroxylated diketopiperazine provided a concise and efficient synthesis of (+)-gliocladin B as well as access to (+)-gliocladin C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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47
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González JF, Ortín I, de la Cuesta E, Menéndez JC. Privileged scaffolds in synthesis: 2,5-piperazinediones as templates for the preparation of structurally diverse heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6902-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Ruff BM, Zhong S, Nieger M, Bräse S. Thiolation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diketopiperazines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 10:935-40. [PMID: 22183416 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06663g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of sulfur units into a variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diketopiperazines (DKPs) is described. We investigated different thiolation methods utilizing several bases and electrophilic sulfur reagents, leading to monomethylthio-, bis(methylthio)-, and epithio-DKPs. Their formation proceeded diastereoselectively, facilitating the application in total syntheses of many thiodiketopiperazine (TDKP) natural products. Furthermore, possible side reactions as well as mechanistic studies and stereochemical structural assignments of the obtained products are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Ruff
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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49
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Nicolaou KC, Giguère D, Totokotsopoulos S, Sun YP. A practical sulfenylation of 2,5-diketopiperazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:728-32. [PMID: 22162254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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50
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Nicolaou KC, Giguère D, Totokotsopoulos S, Sun YP. A Practical Sulfenylation of 2,5-Diketopiperazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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