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Kirse TM, Maisuls I, Spierling L, Hepp A, Kösters J, Strassert CA. One Dianionic Luminophore with Three Coordination Modes Binding Four Different Metals: Toward Unexpectedly Phosphorescent Transition Metal Complexes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306801. [PMID: 38161218 PMCID: PMC10953592 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This work reports on a battery of coordination compounds featuring a versatile dianionic luminophore adopting three different coordination modes (mono, bi, and tridentate) while chelating Pd(II), Pt(II), Au(III), and Hg(II) centers. An in-depth structural characterization of the ligand precursor (H2 L) and six transition metal complexes ([HLPdCNtBu], [LPtCl], [LPtCNtBu], [LPtCNPhen], [HLHgCl], and [LAuCl]) is presented. The influence of the cations and coordination modes of the luminophore and co-ligands on the photophysical properties (including photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦL ), excited state lifetimes (τ), and average (non-)radiative rate constants) are evaluated at various temperatures in different phases. Five complexes show interesting photophysical properties at room temperature (RT) in solution. Embedment in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K significantly boosts their luminescence by suppressing radiationless deactivation paths. Thus, the Pt(II)-based compounds provide the highest efficiencies, with slight variations upon exchange of the ancillary ligand. In the case of [HLPdCNtBu], both ΦL and τ increase over 30-fold as compared to RT. Furthermore, the Hg(II) complex achieves, for the first time in its class, a ΦL exceeding 60% and millisecond-range lifetimes. This demonstrates that a judicious ligand design can pave the way toward versatile coordination compounds with tunable excited state properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Kirse
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- CiMiCSoN and CeNTechUniversität MünsterHeisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- CiMiCSoN and CeNTechUniversität MünsterHeisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Leander Spierling
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- CiMiCSoN and CeNTechUniversität MünsterHeisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- CiMiCSoN and CeNTechUniversität MünsterHeisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
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Gutierrez Suburu ME, Blanke M, Hepp A, Maus O, Schwab D, Doltsinis NL, Zeier WG, Giese M, Voskuhl J, Strassert CA. Pt(II) Complexes with Tetradentate C^N*N^C Luminophores: From Supramolecular Interactions to Temperature-Sensing Materials with Memory and Optical Readouts. Molecules 2023; 28:7353. [PMID: 37959770 PMCID: PMC10649584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of four regioisomeric Pt(II) complexes (PtLa-n and PtLb-n) bearing tetradentate luminophores as dianionic ligands were synthesized. Hence, both classes of cyclometallating chelators were decorated with three n-hexyl (n = 6) or n-dodecyl (n = 12) chains. The new compounds were unambiguously characterized by means of multiple NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy as well quantum chemical calculations show that the effect of the regioisomerism on the emission colour and on the deactivation rate constants can be correlated with the participation of the Pt atom on the excited state. The thermal properties of the complexes were studied by DSC, POM and temperature-dependent steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy. Three of the four complexes (PtLa-12, PtLb-6 and PtLb-12) present an intriguing thermochromism resulting from the responsive metal-metal interactions involving adjacent monomeric units. Each material has different transition temperatures and memory capabilities, which can be tuned at the intermolecular level. Hence, dipole-dipole interactions between the luminophores and disruption of the crystalline packing by the alkyl groups are responsible for the final properties of the resulting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias E. Gutierrez Suburu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Center of Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Center for Soft Nanosciences (SoN), Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster (CiMIC), Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Meik Blanke
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Maus
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Schwab
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G. Zeier
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Giese
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Voskuhl
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Center of Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Center for Soft Nanosciences (SoN), Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster (CiMIC), Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Munster, Germany
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3
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Theiss T, Buss S, Maisuls I, López-Arteaga R, Brünink D, Kösters J, Hepp A, Doltsinis NL, Weiss EA, Strassert CA. Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes as Supramolecular Luminophores: The Role of Self-Assembly, Metal-Metal Interactions, Spin-Orbit Coupling, and Ligand-Field Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3937-3951. [PMID: 36780431 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis as well as the structural and photophysical characterization of two isoleptic bis-cyclometalated Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes, namely [PtL] and [PdL], bearing a tailored dianionic tetradentate ligand (L2-) are reported. The isostructural character and intermolecular interactions of [PtL] and [PdL] were assessed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Both complexes show fully ligand-controlled aggregation, demonstrating that a judicious molecular design can tune the photophysical properties. In fact, by introduction of fluorine atoms on defined positions and methoxy groups on complementary sites, metal-metal interactions can be forced by a head-to-tail stacking. Hence, [PtL] shows luminescence from metal-perturbed ligand-centered or from metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer triplet states in diluted solutions, in frozen glasses and in crystals, with high photoluminescence quantum yields and long lifetimes in the microsecond range. At room temperature (RT) in concentrated fluid solutions, the palladium analogue [PdL] surprisingly emits luminescence from aggregated species involving supramolecular interactions. Time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopies demonstrated that ultrafast intersystem crossing occurs for both metals, which outruns any competitive relaxation pathway from the photoexcited singlet state. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the radiationless deactivation can be suppressed in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K and by intermolecular interactions in fluid solutions at RT. In both cases and as indicated by density functional theory calculations, the lowest emissive state acts as an energy trap from which the thermal population of dissociative states with formal occupation of an antibonding Pd-centered 4dx2-y2 orbital is suppressed. This occurs as the energy gap between the emissive and the dark states surpasses kT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Theiss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMIC, SoN, CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Buss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMIC, SoN, CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMIC, SoN, CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rafael López-Arteaga
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Dana Brünink
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMIC, SoN, CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Kim JM, Cheong K, Jiang J, Jeon SO, Hong WP, Lee JY. Tetradentate Pt complexes for organic light-emitting diodes. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Solomatina AI, Galenko EE, Kozina DO, Kalinichev AA, Baigildin VA, Prudovskaya NA, Shakirova JR, Khlebnikov AF, Porsev VV, Evarestov RA, Tunik SP. Nonsymmetric [Pt(C^N*N′^C′)] Complexes: Aggregation‐Induced Emission in the Solid State and in Nanoparticles Tuned by Ligand Structure. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202207. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I. Solomatina
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Daria O. Kozina
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexey A. Kalinichev
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research Research Park of St. Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Emb. 7–9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vadim A. Baigildin
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Natalia A. Prudovskaya
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Julia R. Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexander F. Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Porsev
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Robert A. Evarestov
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii av., Sankt-Peterburg, 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
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Zharskaia NA, Solomatina AI, Liao YC, Galenko EE, Khlebnikov AF, Chou PT, Chelushkin PS, Tunik SP. Aggregation-Induced Ignition of Near-Infrared Phosphorescence of Non-Symmetric [Pt(C^N*N’^C’)] Complex in Poly(caprolactone)-based Block Copolymer Micelles: Evaluating the Alternative Design of Near-Infrared Oxygen Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090695. [PMID: 36140080 PMCID: PMC9496585 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we described the preparation and characterization of the micelles based on amphiphilic poly(ε-caprolactone-block-ethylene glycol) block copolymer (PCL-b-PEG) loaded with non-symmetric [Pt(C^N*N’^C’)] complex (Pt1) (where C^N*N’^C’: 6-(phenyl(6-(thiophene-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-2-(tyophene-2-yl)nicotinate). The obtained nanospecies displayed the ignition of near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescence upon an increase in the content of the platinum complexes in the micelles, which acted as the major emission component at 12 wt.% of Pt1. Emergence of the NIR band at 780 nm was also accompanied by a 3-fold growth of the quantum yield and an increase in the two-photon absorption cross-section that reached the value of 450 GM. Both effects are believed to be the result of progressive platinum complex aggregation inside hydrophobic poly(caprolactone) cores of block copolymer micelles, which has been ascribed to aggregation induced emission (AIE). The resulting phosphorescent (Pt1@PCL-b-PEG) micelles demonstrated pronounced sensitivity towards molecular oxygen, the key intracellular bioanalyte. The detailed photophysical analysis of the AIE phenomena revealed that the NIR emission most probably occurred due to the excimeric excited state of the 3MMLCT character. Evaluation of the Pt1@PCL-b-PEG efficacy as a lifetime intracellular oxygen biosensor carried out in CHO-K1 live cells demonstrated the linear response of the probe emission lifetime towards this analyte accompanied by a pronounced influence of serum albumin on the lifetime response. Nevertheless, Pt1@PCL-b-PEG can serve as a semi-quantitative lifetime oxygen nanosensor. The key result of this study consists of the demonstration of an alternative approach for the preparation of NIR biosensors by taking advantage of in situ generation of NIR emission due to the nanoconfined aggregation of Pt (II) complexes inside the micellar nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A. Zharskaia
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia I. Solomatina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu-Chan Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ekaterina E. Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander F. Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-T.C.); (P.S.C.)
| | - Pavel S. Chelushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (P.-T.C.); (P.S.C.)
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Gutierrez Suburu ME, Maisuls I, Kösters J, Strassert CA. Room-temperature luminescence from Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes: from mechanochromic crystals to flexible polymer matrices. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13342-13350. [PMID: 35983882 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of Pd(II) (PdLOMe, PdLOHex) and Pt(II) (PtLOMe, PtLOHex) complexes bearing tetradentate ligands as dianionic luminophores were synthesized. Hence, the cyclometallating chelators were alternatively decorated with two n-hexyloxy (LOHex) or two methoxy (LOMe) moieties to promote crystallization and processability. The new compounds were unambiguously characterized by means of multiple NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry as well as by single crystal X-ray diffractometric analysis (PtLOMe and PdLOMe). Steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopic studies were carried out in crystalline phases, in fluid solutions at room temperature, in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K and in a flexible polymeric matrix (PMMA). PtLOMe presents an intriguing mechanochromism resulting from the responsive metal-metal interactions involving adjacent monomeric units. Incorporation of the Pd(II) complexes into the polymeric matrix boosts their photophysical properties by stiffening of the coordination environment while reducing non-radiative deactivation pathways mediated by dissociative metal-centred states, which also become thermally inaccessible at 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias E Gutierrez Suburu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany. .,CeNTech, SoN, CiMIC, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany. .,CeNTech, SoN, CiMIC, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany. .,CeNTech, SoN, CiMIC, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Munster, Germany
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Maisuls I, Boisten F, Hebenbrock M, Alfke J, Schürmann L, Jasper-Peter B, Hepp A, Esselen M, Müller J, Strassert CA. Monoanionic C^N^N Luminophores and Monodentate C-Donor Co-Ligands for Phosphorescent Pt(II) Complexes: A Case Study Involving Their Photophysics and Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9195-9204. [PMID: 35666659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of Pt(II) complexes bearing monoanionic C^N^N ligands as luminophoric units as well as a set of monodentate ligands derived from allenylidene and carbene species were synthesized and characterized in terms of structure and photophysical properties. In addition, we present the extraordinary molecular structure of a phosphorescent complex carrying an allenylidene ligand. Depending on the co-ligand, an effect can be observed in the photoluminescence lifetimes and quantum yields as well as in the radiative and radiation less deactivation rate constants. Their correlation with the substitution pattern was analyzed by comparing the photoluminescence in fluid solution at room temperature and in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K. Moreover, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the electronic states responsible for the optical properties, density functional theory calculations were performed. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated in vitro, showing that the cationic complexes exhibit strong effects at low micromolar concentrations. The calculated half-maximum effective concentrations (EC50 values) were 4 times lower in comparison to the established antitumor agent oxaliplatin. In contrast, the neutral species are less toxic, rendering them as potential bioimaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany.,CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Felix Boisten
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Marian Hebenbrock
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Julian Alfke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Beate Jasper-Peter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Melanie Esselen
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany.,CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
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Gangadharappa SC, Maisuls I, Gutierrez Suburu ME, Strassert CA. Enhanced phosphorescence of Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes adsorbed onto Laponite for optical sensing of triplet molecular dioxygen in water. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Two isoleptic complexes involving Pd(II) and Pt(II) centres with a tetradentate luminophoric ligand were adsorbed onto Laponite (LAP), yielding H2O-dispersible nanohybrids with remarkable photoexcited state properties. The adsorption promoted rigidification of the coordination compounds and suppression of roto-vibrational deactivation pathways, thus enhancing the performance of the molecular species. Interestingly, room temperature phosphorescence was achieved in the case of the Pd(II)-containing nanohybrid along with a marked 3O2 sensitivity, whereas the photoluminescence of the Pt(II)-based material showed only a mild dependence on the presence of 3O2 while reaching up to 37% quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Chatnahalli Gangadharappa
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster , Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster , Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Matias Ezequiel Gutierrez Suburu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster , Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster , Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster , Germany
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Maisuls I, Singh J, Salto IP, Steiner ST, Kirse TM, Niemann S, Strassert CA, Faust A. Conjugated Pt(II) Complexes as Luminescence-Switch-On Reporters Addressing the Microenvironment of Bacterial Biofilms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11058-11069. [PMID: 34255500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis, structural and photophysical characterization of six phosphorescent H2O-soluble Pt(II) complexes are reported while addressing their emission maxima, photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦL), lifetimes (τ), aggregation tendency, and microenvironment sensitivity as a function of the substitution pattern on the main tridentate luminophore. Different ancillary ligands, namely, a trisulfonated phosphane and maltohexaose-conjugated pyridines (with or without amide bridges), were introduced and evaluated for the realization of switch-on-photoluminescent labels reporting on the microenvironment sensed in biofilms of Gram+ and Gram- models, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. With the aid of confocal luminescence micro(spectro)scopy, we observed that selected complexes specifically interact with the biofilms while leaving planktonic cells unlabeled. By using photoluminescence lifetime imaging microscopy, excited-state lifetimes within S. aureus biofilms were measured. The photoluminescence intensities were drastically boosted, and the excited state lifetimes were significantly prolonged upon binding to the viscous biofilm matrix, mainly due to the suppression of radiationless deactivation pathways upon shielding from physical quenching processes, such as interactions with solvent molecules and 3O2. The best performances were attained for non-aggregating complexes with maltohexaose targeting units and without amide bridges. Notably, in the absence of the maltodextrin, a hydrophobic adamantyl moiety suffices to attain a sizeable labeling capacity. Moreover, photoluminescence studies showed that selected complexes can also effectively interact with E. coli biofilms, where the bacterial cells are able to partially uptake the maltodextrin-based agents. In summary, the herein introduced concepts enable the development of specific biofilm reporters providing spatial resolution as well as lifetime- and spectrum-based readouts. Considering that most theragnostic agents reported so far mainly address metabolically active bacteria at the surface of biofilms but without reaching cells deeply immersed in the matrix, a new platform with a clear structure-property correlation is provided for the early detection of such bacterial arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Wesfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jasveer Singh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Wesfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ileana P Salto
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon T Steiner
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48159 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas M Kirse
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Wesfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Niemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Wesfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48159 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Maisuls I, Wang C, Gutierrez Suburu ME, Wilde S, Daniliuc CG, Brünink D, Doltsinis NL, Ostendorp S, Wilde G, Kösters J, Resch-Genger U, Strassert CA. Ligand-controlled and nanoconfinement-boosted luminescence employing Pt(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes: from color-tunable aggregation-enhanced dual emitters towards self-referenced oxygen reporters. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3270-3281. [PMID: 34164096 PMCID: PMC8179353 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06126c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis, structural and photophysical characterization of four novel Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes bearing tetradentate luminophoric ligands with high photoluminescence quantum yields (Φ L) and long excited state lifetimes (τ) at room temperature, where the results were interpreted by means of DFT calculations. Incorporation of fluorine atoms into the tetradentate ligand favors aggregation and thereby, a shortened average distance between the metal centers, which provides accessibility to metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MMLCT) excimers acting as red-shifted energy traps if compared with the monomeric entities. This supramolecular approach provides an elegant way to enable room-temperature phosphorescence from Pd(ii) complexes, which are otherwise quenched by a thermal population of dissociative states due to a lower ligand field splitting. Encapsulation of these complexes in 100 nm-sized aminated polystyrene nanoparticles enables concentration-controlled aggregation-enhanced dual emission. This phenomenon facilitates the tunability of the absorption and emission colors while providing a rigidified environment supporting an enhanced Φ L up to about 80% and extended τ exceeding 100 μs. Additionally, these nanoarrays constitute rare examples for self-referenced oxygen reporters, since the phosphorescence of the aggregates is insensitive to external influences, whereas the monomeric species drop in luminescence lifetime and intensity with increasing triplet molecular dioxygen concentrations (diffusion-controlled quenching).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 D-48149 Münster Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Heisenbergstraße 11 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstaetter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matias E Gutierrez Suburu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 D-48149 Münster Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Heisenbergstraße 11 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sebastian Wilde
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 D-48149 Münster Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Heisenbergstraße 11 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin-Gabriel Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Dana Brünink
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Stefan Ostendorp
- Institut für Materialphysik, CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Wilde
- Institut für Materialphysik, CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Heisenbergstraße 11 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstaetter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 D-48149 Münster Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Heisenbergstraße 11 D-48149 Münster Germany
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Wang S, Bruneau C, Renaud JL, Gaillard S, Fischmeister C. 2,2'-Dipyridylamines: more than just sister members of the bipyridine family. Applications and achievements in homogeneous catalysis and photoluminescent materials. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11599-11622. [PMID: 31271393 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2,2'-Dipyridylamines (dpa) and related compounds belong to the family of polydentate nitrogen ligands. More than a century has passed since their first report but new complexes and applications have been emerging in recent years owing to the versatility of dpa-based architectures. This review aims to present and highlight the main achievements attained with dpa-containing metal complexes in the domains of homogeneous catalysis and luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Univ Rennes. UMR CNRS 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1. 263, avenue du général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - C Bruneau
- Univ Rennes. UMR CNRS 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1. 263, avenue du général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - J-L Renaud
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - S Gaillard
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - C Fischmeister
- Univ Rennes. UMR CNRS 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1. 263, avenue du général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France.
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