The responsibility of gynecologists and obstetricians in providing safe abortion services within the limits of the law

Building a network of sentinel centres for the care of women in an abortion situation: advances in Latin America and the Caribbean

Previous reports have already estimated the overall number of abortions and the number of unsafe abortions in Latin America. Conversely, there are few reliable data from this region to inform public policies aiming to meet women’s needs. In this context, the Latin American Centre of Perinatology (Centro Latinoamericano de Perinatología (CLAP)) created a network specialising in the care of women in an abortion situation (CLAP MUSA-Network) in an attempt to strengthen healthcare surveillance in Latin America by using the Perinatal Information System (Sistema Informático Perinatal (SIP)). This system was developed by the CLAP with a special module named SIP Abortion (SIP-A), a data collection tool designed by Latin American experts to be routinely used in cases of legal and incomplete abortions. The SIP-A follows the standards established by WHO, allowing investigators to systematise information, generate local reports and monitor changes after training and follow-up interventions based on national guidelines. This network promotes collaborative work between institutions to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, cooperative investigation and development of a critical mass of professionals skilled in sexual and reproductive health. Currently, 29 sentinel centres from 13 countries jointly work exchanging information to improve surveillance of healthcare indicators of women in an abortion situation. Latin America was the first region in the world to have a network of sentinel centres that continuously monitors healthcare provision to these women. Data collected by this network are already being used to design, implement and evaluate public policies.

The Adolescent's Right to Confidential Care When Considering Abortion

The American Academy of Pediatrics reaffirms its position that the rights of adolescents under 18 years of age to confidential care when considering legal medical and surgical abortion therapies should be protected. Most adolescents voluntarily involve parents and other trusted adults in decisions regarding pregnancy termination and should be encouraged to do so when safe and appropriate. The legal climate surrounding abortion law is rapidly becoming more restrictive and threatens to adversely impact adolescents. Mandatory parental involvement, the judicial bypass procedure, and general restrictive abortion policies pose risks to adolescents' health by causing delays in accessing medical care, increasing volatility within a family, and limiting their pregnancy options. These harms underscore the importance of adolescents' access to confidential abortion care. This statement presents a summary of pertinent current information related to the impact of legislation requiring mandatory parental involvement in an adolescent's decision to obtain abortion services.

Legal abortion in Brazil: systematic review of the scientific production, 2008-2018

Previous reviews on the subject of abortion in Brazil have estimated one million procedures per year but did not address legal abortion. This systematic review sought to update knowledge regarding legal abortion in terms of service and women's profile, student and doctor knowledge, situations of anencephaly and severe malformations. We searched MEDLINE and LILACS for articles published in all languages between 2008 and 2018. Article quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute instruments. Search, selection, quality assessment and data extraction were carried out independently by two researchers. We selected 20 articles, 11 on the knowledge and opinion of medical professionals (4 articles) and students (7 articles) revealing a less-than-ideal level of knowledge and a high degree of objection of conscience. Six studies on women who use legal abortion services found that they are young, single and that the main demand was for pregnancy resulting from rape. When women were younger and single and when the aggressor was someone close to them, there were delays in seeking care. Three studies on severe malformation found around 40% of court authorizations. In cases for which no authorization was given, the evolution of pregnancies was complicated and deliveries were done through cesarean sections. Only one article addressed legal abortion services, showing that 37 of the 68 that had been registered were active, lack of services in seven states and concentration in capitals. Knowledge regarding legal abortion is still scarce, the demand for the procedure is repressed and medical training is deficient with regard to this subject.

Advocating safe abortion: outcomes of a multi-country needs assessment on the potential role of national societies of obstetrics and gynecology

In 2019 the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) embarked on an initiative that aims to strengthen the capacity of 10 national societies of obstetrics and gynecology (ObGyn) in advocacy for safe abortion. In 2018 needs assessments that entailed a desk study, interviews, and stakeholder workshops were conducted in Benin, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Panama, Peru, Uganda, and Zambia. The general aim of the needs assessments was to gain a deeper understanding of the contextual situation and identify the needs of ObGyn societies in relation to safe abortion advocacy. This paper provides a cross‐country analysis of the outcomes of the needs assessments and reflects on the capabilities, barriers, and opportunities to strengthen this role of ObGyn societies. Common barriers, such as unavailability of services, lack of technical guidance, unawareness and ambiguity about the legal framework, provider attitudes, and abortion stigma, pose challenges for ObGyn societies to work constructively on safe abortion advocacy. However, ObGyn societies have a strong position due to their strategic networks and technical credibility and can be a facilitator in healthcare providers’ advocacy role. Five strategies were developed to strengthen the capacity of ObGyn societies in safe abortion advocacy.

ObGyn societies have the potential to advance women's health and rights to safe abortion care by strengthening their advocacy role through a multi‐strategy approach.