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Zamstein O, Wainstock T, Sheiner E. Respiratory morbidity among offspring misclassified as growth restricted. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:1645-1651. [PMID: 38477629 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An ultrasound-based diagnosis implies that some fetuses suspected to be growth-restricted (FGR) are discovered at birth to be appropriately grown (appropriate for gestational age [AGA] birth weight, between the 10th and 90th percentile). These fetuses may thus be exposed to unnecessary medical interventions, including early labor induction. In this study, we have evaluated the long-term respiratory health of offspring misclassified as FGR. STUDY DESIGN A population-based cohort analysis was conducted, including deliveries of AGA singletons between 1991 and 2021 at a tertiary referral hospital. Incidence of morbidity due to various respiratory conditions was compared between AGA offspring with prenatal diagnosis of FGR, and those without a false diagnosis of FGR. The Kaplan-Meier approach was used to estimate cumulative morbidity incidence. The stratified Cox proportional-hazards model was used to control for confounders. RESULTS A total of 324,620 deliveries of AGA newborns were included in the analyses; 3249 of them (1.0%) were misclassified prenatally as FGR. The FGR subgroup delivered at an earlier gestational age (36.7 vs. 39.1 weeks, p < .001) and had more than 25% higher incidence of respiratory-related morbidity during childhood (33.2% vs. 26.5%), specifically related to asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (p < .001 for all). A higher cumulative morbidity rate due to respiratory conditions was observed in the Kaplan-Meier survival curve (log-rank p value < .001). This association between FGR and respiratory morbidity was independent of preterm delivery, maternal age, cesarean delivery, and child's birth year (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.21, p < .001), using a Cox proportional hazards model. CONCLUSION AGA newborns misclassified as FGR, are at an increased risk for long-term respiratory morbidity during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Zamstein
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tamar Wainstock
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Mead EC, Wang CA, Phung J, Fu JY, Williams SM, Merialdi M, Jacobsson B, Lye S, Menon R, Pennell CE. The Role of Genetics in Preterm Birth. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3410-3427. [PMID: 37450251 PMCID: PMC10692032 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), defined as the birth of a child before 37 completed weeks gestation, affects approximately 11% of live births and is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years. PTB is a complex disease with multiple risk factors including genetic variation. Much research has aimed to establish the biological mechanisms underlying PTB often through identification of genetic markers for PTB risk. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive and updated summary of the published data relating to the field of PTB genetics. A literature search in PubMed was conducted and English studies related to PTB genetics were included. Genetic studies have identified genes within inflammatory, immunological, tissue remodeling, endocrine, metabolic, and vascular pathways that may be involved in PTB. However, a substantial proportion of published data have been largely inconclusive and multiple studies had limited power to detect associations. On the contrary, a few large hypothesis-free approaches have identified and replicated multiple novel variants associated with PTB in different cohorts. Overall, attempts to predict PTB using single "-omics" datasets including genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic biomarkers have been mostly unsuccessful and have failed to translate to the clinical setting. Integration of data from multiple "-omics" datasets has yielded the most promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse C Mead
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Jason Phung
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Joanna Yx Fu
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mario Merialdi
- Maternal Newborn Health Innovations, Geneva, PBC, Switzerland
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Lye
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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Das S, Maharjan R, Bajracharya R, Shrestha R, Karki S, Das R, Odland JØ, Odland ML. Pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia at Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Nepal: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286287. [PMID: 37267349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are the most common types of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy and these conditions are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aims to determine the differences in pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. METHODS A retrospective study was done at The Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, a tertiary level hospital, in the Kathmandu, Nepal. Pregnant women who had given birth at the hospital between September 17 and December 18 of 2017 were included. Data were obtained from the non-digitalized hospital records. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval were computed using logistic regression analysis. Multivariable analysis of pregnancy outcomes (cesarean sections, low birth weight, and preterm birth) was adjusted for maternal age, parity, twin birth, gestational age, calcium supplementation, and maternal co-morbidity. RESULTS Preeclampsia was strongly associated with cesarean section compared to normal pregnancies (OR = 8.11, p<0.001). Whereas the odds of cesarean section among women with gestational hypertension was almost 2 times (OR = 1.89, p<0.001). Preterm birth was not significantly associated with gestational hypertension but was associated with preeclampsia (OR = 3.39, p<0.001). Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were not associated with low birth weight. CONCLUSION In Nepal, women who develop preeclampsia seem at higher risk of having adverse pregnancy outcomes than women with gestational hypertension. These findings should be considered by national health authorities and other health organizations when setting new priorities to improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Das
- Research and Development Division, Department of Public Health and Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Renusha Maharjan
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rashmita Bajracharya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rabina Shrestha
- Research and Development Division, Department of Public Health and Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Sulata Karki
- Research and Development Division, Department of Public Health and Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Rupesh Das
- Department of Medicine, Janaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Janakpur, Nepal
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maria Lisa Odland
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Research Institute, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Sertel E, Demir M. Evaluation of the effects of COVID-19 disease and the trimester in which the disease is diagnosed on obstetric and neonatal outcomes: A retrospective cohort study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:614-624. [PMID: 36424698 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of COVID-19 disease and the trimester in which the disease is diagnosed on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted with 358 patients who had or had not been diagnosed with COVID-19 during their pregnancy, had a miscarriage or had given birth. RESULTS COVID-19 disease during pregnancy was associated with higher maternal hypertensive disease, preterm birth, low birth weight, low first- and fifth-minute Apgar scores, and need for neonatal intensive care unit. The incidence of preterm birth, low birth weight, low first- and fifth-minute Apgar scores, and need for neonatal intensive care unit in those diagnosed with COVID-19 in the second trimester was significantly higher than those diagnosed with COVID-19 in other trimesters. The frequency of cesarean section was observed most in those diagnosed with COVID-19 in the 3rd trimester, while it was observed in those diagnosed with COVID-19 at least in the first trimester. CONCLUSION The presence of COVID-19 during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth. The frequency of preterm birth in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in the second trimester is higher than in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in other trimesters. As the pregnancy trimester at the time of diagnosis progresses, the frequency of cesarean section increases. While the risk of maternal hypertensive disease increases more in pregnant women with COVID-19, the effect of the trimester in which COVID-19 was passed on the risk of maternal hypertensive disease is not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Sertel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Merve Demir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Correa Junior MD, Peraçoli JC, Costa SHM, do Nascimento MLC, Korkes HA. Letter to the editor: FIGO good practice recommendations on modifiable causes of iatrogenic preterm birth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022; 159:333-334. [PMID: 35848361 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dias Correa Junior
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Peraçoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Hofmeister Martins Costa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Jacobsson B, Simpson JL. FIGO good practice recommendations for reducing preterm birth and improving child outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 155:1-4. [PMID: 34520060 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joe Leigh Simpson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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