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Ghailani H, Zaidan A, Qahtan S, Alsattar HA, Al-Emran M, Deveci M, Delen D. Developing sustainable management strategies in construction and demolition wastes using a q-rung orthopair probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set-based decision modelling approach. Appl Soft Comput 2023; 145:110606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Machine learning-based new approach to films review. SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AND MINING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13278-023-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Qahtan S, Alsattar HA, Zaidan A, Deveci M, Pamucar D, Delen D, Pedrycz W. Evaluation of agriculture-food 4.0 supply chain approaches using Fermatean probabilistic hesitant-fuzzy sets based decision making model. Appl Soft Comput 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Hospital selection framework for remote MCD patients based on fuzzy q-rung orthopair environment. Neural Comput Appl 2023; 35:6185-6196. [PMID: 36415285 PMCID: PMC9672551 DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This research proposes a novel mobile health-based hospital selection framework for remote patients with multi-chronic diseases based on wearable body medical sensors that use the Internet of Things. The proposed framework uses two powerful multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, namely fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency and fuzzy decision by opinion score method for criteria weighting and hospital ranking. The development of both methods is based on a Q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment to address the uncertainty issues associated with the case study in this research. The other MCDM issues of multiple criteria, various levels of significance and data variation are also addressed. The proposed framework comprises two main phases, namely identification and development. The first phase discusses the telemedicine architecture selected, patient dataset used and decision matrix integrated. The development phase discusses criteria weighting by q-ROFWZIC and hospital ranking by q-ROFDOSM and their sub-associated processes. Weighting results by q-ROFWZIC indicate that the time of arrival criterion is the most significant across all experimental scenarios with (0.1837, 0.183, 0.230, 0.276, 0.335) for (q = 1, 3, 5, 7, 10), respectively. Ranking results indicate that Hospital (H-4) is the best-ranked hospital in all experimental scenarios. Both methods were evaluated based on systematic ranking and sensitivity analysis, thereby confirming the validity of the proposed framework.
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Albahri AS, Al-qaysi ZT, Alzubaidi L, Alnoor A, Albahri OS, Alamoodi AH, Bakar AA. A Systematic Review of Using Deep Learning Technology in the Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interface Applications: Current Trends and Future Trust Methodology. Int J Telemed Appl 2023; 2023:7741735. [PMID: 37168809 PMCID: PMC10164869 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7741735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of deep learning techniques in relation to steady-state visually evoked potential- (SSVEP-) based brain-computer interface (BCI) applications is assessed through a systematic review. Three reliable databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and IEEE, were considered to gather relevant scientific and theoretical articles. Initially, 125 papers were found between 2010 and 2021 related to this integrated research field. After the filtering process, only 30 articles were identified and classified into five categories based on their type of deep learning methods. The first category, convolutional neural network (CNN), accounts for 70% (n = 21/30). The second category, recurrent neural network (RNN), accounts for 10% (n = 3/30). The third and fourth categories, deep neural network (DNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), account for 6% (n = 30). The fifth category, restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), accounts for 3% (n = 1/30). The literature's findings in terms of the main aspects identified in existing applications of deep learning pattern recognition techniques in SSVEP-based BCI, such as feature extraction, classification, activation functions, validation methods, and achieved classification accuracies, are examined. A comprehensive mapping analysis was also conducted, which identified six categories. Current challenges of ensuring trustworthy deep learning in SSVEP-based BCI applications were discussed, and recommendations were provided to researchers and developers. The study critically reviews the current unsolved issues of SSVEP-based BCI applications in terms of development challenges based on deep learning techniques and selection challenges based on multicriteria decision-making (MCDM). A trust proposal solution is presented with three methodology phases for evaluating and benchmarking SSVEP-based BCI applications using fuzzy decision-making techniques. Valuable insights and recommendations for researchers and developers in the SSVEP-based BCI and deep learning are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Albahri
- Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Z. T. Al-qaysi
- Department of Computer Science, Computer Science and Mathematics College, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Laith Alzubaidi
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre—Joint Biomechanics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | | | - O. S. Albahri
- Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Mazaya University College, Nasiriyah, Iraq
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A. H. Alamoodi
- Faculty of Computing and Meta-Technology (FKMT), Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Perak, Malaysia
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Albahri AS, Zaidan AA, AlSattar HA, A. Hamid R, Albahri OS, Qahtan S, Alamoodi AH. Towards physician's experience: Development of machine learning model for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders based on complex
T
‐spherical fuzzy‐weighted zero‐inconsistency method. Comput Intell 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/coin.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Albahri
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS) Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI) Baghdad Iraq
| | - Aws A. Zaidan
- Faculty of Engineering and IT The British University in Dubai Dubai United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan A. AlSattar
- Department of Business Administration, College of Administrative Sciences The University of Mashreq Baghdad Iraq
| | - Rula A. Hamid
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS) Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI) Baghdad Iraq
| | - Osamah S. Albahri
- Computer Techniques Engineering Department Mazaya University College Nasiriyah Iraq
| | - Sarah Qahtan
- Department of Computer Center, College of Health and Medical Techniques Middle Technical University Baghdad Iraq
| | - Abdulla H. Alamoodi
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Tanjung Malim Malaysia
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Hybrid Diagnosis Models for Autism Patients Based on Medical and Sociodemographic Features Using Machine Learning and Multicriteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Techniques: An Evaluation and Benchmarking Framework. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9410222. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9410222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Contexts. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is difficult to diagnose, prompting researchers to increase their efforts to find the best diagnosis by introducing machine learning (ML). Recently, several available challenges and issues have been highlighted for the diagnosis of ASD. High consideration must be taken into the feature selection (FS) approaches and classification process simultaneously by using medical tests and sociodemographic characteristic features in autism diagnostic. The constructed ML models neglected the importance of medical tests and sociodemographic features in a training and evaluation dataset, especially since some features have different contributions to the processing data and possess more relevancies to the classification information than others. However, the role of the physician’s experience towards feature contributions remains limited. In addition, the presence of many evaluation criteria, criteria trade-offs, and criteria importance categorize the evaluation and benchmarking of diagnosis ML models concerning the intersection between FS approaches and ML classification methods given under complex multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. To date, no study has presented an evaluation framework for benchmarking the best hybrid diagnosis models to classify autism patients’ emergency levels considering multicriteria evaluation solutions. Method. The three-phase framework integrated the MCDM and ML to develop the diagnosis models and evaluate and benchmark the best. Firstly, the new ASD-dataset-combined medical tests and sociodemographic characteristic features is identified and preprocessed. Secondly, developing the hybrid diagnosis models using the intersection process between three FS techniques and five ML algorithms introduces 15 models. The selected medical tests and sociodemographic features from each FS technique are weighted before feeding the five ML algorithms using the fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (FWZIC) method based on four psychiatry experts. Thirdly, (i) formulate a dynamic decision matrix for all developed models based on seven evaluation metrics, including classification accuracy, precision, F1 score, recall, test time, train time, and AUC. (ii) The fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM) is used to evaluate and benchmark the 15 models concerning the seven evaluation metrics. Results. Results reveal that (i) the three FS techniques have obtained a size different from the others in the number of the selected features; the sets were 39, 38, and 41 out of 48 features. Each set has its weights constructed by FWIZC. Considered sociodemographic features have been mostly selected more than medical tests within FS techniques. (ii) The first three best hybrid models were “ReF-decision tree,” “IG-decision tree,” and “Chi2-decision tree,” with score values 0.15714, 0.17539, and 0.29444. The best diagnosis model (ReF-decision tree) has obtained 0.4190, 0.0030, 0.9946, 0.9902, 0.9902, 0.9902, 0.9902, and 0.9951 for the C1=train time, C2=test time, C3=AUC, C4=CA, C5=F1 score, C6=precision, and C7=recall, respectively. The developed framework would be beneficial in advancing, accelerating, and selecting diagnosis tools in therapy with ASD. The selected model can identify severity as light, medium, or intense based on medical tests and sociodemographic weighted features.
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A New Development of FDOSM Based on a 2-Tuple Fuzzy Environment: Evaluation and Benchmark of Network Protocols as a Case Study. COMPUTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computers11070109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) is one of the most common methods used to select the best alternative from a set of available alternatives. Many methods in MCDM are presented in the academic literature, with the latest being the Fuzzy Decision by Opinion Score Method (FDOSM). The FDOSM can solve many challenges that are present in other MCDM methods. However, several problems still exist in the FDOSM and its extensions, such as uncertainty. One of the most significant problems in the use of the FDOSM is the loss of information during the conversion of a decision matrix into an opinion decision matrix. In this paper, the authors expanded the FDOSM into the 2-tuple-FDOSM to solve this problem. The methodology behind the development of the 2-tuple-FDOSM was presented. Within the methodology, definitions of the 2-tuple linguistic fuzzy method, which was used to solve the loss-of-information problem that is present in the FDSOM method, are presented. A network case study was used in the application of the 2-tuple-FDOSM. The final results show that the 2-tuple-FDOSM can be used to address the problem of loss of information. Finally, a comparison between the basic FDOSM, TOPSIS, and 2-tuple-FDOSM was presented.
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Alsalem MA, Mohammed R, Albahri OS, Zaidan AA, Alamoodi AH, Dawood K, Alnoor A, Albahri AS, Zaidan BB, Aickelin U, Alsattar H, Alazab M, Jumaah F. Rise of multiattribute decision-making in combating COVID-19: A systematic review of the state-of-the-art literature. INT J INTELL SYST 2022; 37:3514-3624. [PMID: 38607836 PMCID: PMC8653072 DOI: 10.1002/int.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Considering the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the government and health sectors are incapable of making fast and reliable decisions, particularly given the various effects of decisions on different contexts or countries across multiple sectors. Therefore, leaders often seek decision support approaches to assist them in such scenarios. The most common decision support approach used in this regard is multiattribute decision-making (MADM). MADM can assist in enforcing the most ideal decision in the best way possible when fed with the appropriate evaluation criteria and aspects. MADM also has been of great aid to practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, MADM shows resilience in mitigating consequences in health sectors and other fields. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the rise of MADM techniques in combating COVID-19 by presenting a systematic literature review of the state-of-the-art COVID-19 applications. Articles on related topics were searched in four major databases, namely, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, from the beginning of the pandemic in 2019 to April 2021. Articles were selected on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the identified systematic review protocol, and a total of 51 articles were obtained after screening and filtering. All these articles were formed into a coherent taxonomy to describe the corresponding current standpoints in the literature. This taxonomy was drawn on the basis of four major categories, namely, medical (n = 30), social (n = 4), economic (n = 13) and technological (n = 4). Deep analysis for each category was performed in terms of several aspects, including issues and challenges encountered, contributions, data set, evaluation criteria, MADM techniques, evaluation and validation and bibliography analysis. This study emphasised the current standpoint and opportunities for MADM in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and promoted additional efforts towards understanding and providing new potential future directions to fulfil the needs of this study field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Assim Alsalem
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative IndustryUniversiti Pendidikan Sultan IdrisTanjung MalimMalaysia
| | - Rawia Mohammed
- Faculty of Computing and Innovative TechnologyGeomatika University CollegeKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Osamah Shihab Albahri
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative IndustryUniversiti Pendidikan Sultan IdrisTanjung MalimMalaysia
| | - Aws Alaa Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative IndustryUniversiti Pendidikan Sultan IdrisTanjung MalimMalaysia
| | - Abdullah Hussein Alamoodi
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative IndustryUniversiti Pendidikan Sultan IdrisTanjung MalimMalaysia
| | - Kareem Dawood
- Computer Science DepartmentKomar University of Science and Technology (KUST)SulaymaniyahIraq
| | - Alhamzah Alnoor
- School of ManagementUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPulau PinangMalaysia
| | - Ahmed Shihab Albahri
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS)Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI)BaghdadIraq
| | - Bilal Bahaa Zaidan
- Future Technology Research CenterNational Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyDouliouTaiwan R.O.C.
| | - Uwe Aickelin
- School of Computing and Information SystemsThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Hassan Alsattar
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative IndustryUniversiti Pendidikan Sultan IdrisTanjung MalimMalaysia
| | - Mamoun Alazab
- College of Engineering, IT and EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Fawaz Jumaah
- Department of Advanced Applications and Embedded SystemsIntel CorporationPulau PinangMalaysia
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Albahri AS, Albahri OS, Zaidan AA, Alnoor A, Alsattar HA, Mohammed R, Alamoodi AH, Zaidan BB, Aickelin U, Alazab M, Garfan S, Ahmaro IYY, Ahmed MA. Integration of fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency and fuzzy decision by opinion score methods under a q-rung orthopair environment: A distribution case study of COVID-19 vaccine doses. COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 2022; 80:103572. [PMID: 34456503 PMCID: PMC8386109 DOI: 10.1016/j.csi.2021.103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the limitations of Pythagorean fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, scientists have developed a distinct and successive fuzzy set called the q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS), which eliminates restrictions encountered by decision-makers in multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methods and facilitates the representation of complex uncertain information in real-world circumstances. Given its advantages and flexibility, this study has extended two considerable MCDM methods the fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (FWZIC) method and fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM) under the fuzzy environment of q-ROFS. The extensions were called q-rung orthopair fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (q-ROFWZIC) method and q-rung orthopair fuzzy decision by opinion score method (q-ROFDOSM). The methodology formulated had two phases. The first phase 'development' presented the sequential steps of each method thoroughly.The q-ROFWZIC method was formulated and used in determining the weights of evaluation criteria and then integrated into the q-ROFDOSM for the prioritisation of alternatives on the basis of the weighted criteria. In the second phase, a case study regarding the MCDM problem of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine distribution was performed. The purpose was to provide fair allocation of COVID-19 vaccine doses. A decision matrix based on an intersection of 'recipients list' and 'COVID-19 distribution criteria' was adopted. The proposed methods were evaluated according to systematic ranking assessment and sensitivity analysis, which revealed that the ranking was subject to a systematic ranking that is supported by high correlation results over different scenarios with variations in the weights of criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Albahri
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq
| | - O S Albahri
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - A A Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - Alhamzah Alnoor
- School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - H A Alsattar
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - Rawia Mohammed
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - A H Alamoodi
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - B B Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - Uwe Aickelin
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, 700 Swanston Street, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Mamoun Alazab
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, NT, Australia
| | - Salem Garfan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - Ibraheem Y Y Ahmaro
- Computer Science Department, College of Information Technology, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - M A Ahmed
- Department of Computer Science, Computer Science and Mathematics College, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
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Alamoodi AH, Mohammed RT, Albahri OS, Qahtan S, Zaidan AA, Alsattar HA, Albahri AS, Aickelin U, Zaidan BB, Baqer MJ, Jasim AN. Based on neutrosophic fuzzy environment: a new development of FWZIC and FDOSM for benchmarking smart e-tourism applications. COMPLEX INTELL SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40747-022-00689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe task of benchmarking smart e-tourism applications based on multiple smart key concept attributes is considered a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. Although the literature review has evaluated and benchmarked these applications, data ambiguity and vagueness continue to be unresolved issues. The robustness of the fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM) and fuzzy weighted with zero inconsistency (FWZIC) is proven compared with that of other MADM methods. Thus, this study extends FDOSM and FWZIC under a new fuzzy environment to address the mentioned issues whilst benchmarking the applications. The neutrosophic fuzzy set is used for this purpose because of its high ability to handle ambiguous and vague information comprehensively. Fundamentally, the proposed methodology comprises two phases. The first phase adopts and describes the decision matrices of the smart e-tourism applications. The second phase presents the proposed framework in two sections. In the first section, the weight of each attribute of smart e-tourism applications is calculated through the neutrosophic FWZIC (NS-FWZIC) method. The second section employs the weights determined by the NS-FWZIC method to benchmark all the applications per each category (tourism marketing and smart-based tourism recommendation system categories) through the neutrosophic FDOSM (NS-FDOSM). Findings reveal that: (1) the NS-FWZIC method effectively weights the applications’ attributes. Real time receives the highest importance weight (0.402), whereas augmented reality has the lowest weight (0.005). The remaining attributes are distributed in between. (2) In the context of group decision-making, NS-FDOSM is used to uniform the variation found in the individual benchmarking results of the applications across all categories. Systematic ranking, sensitivity analysis and comparison analysis assessments are used to evaluate the robustness of the proposed work. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed along with several future directions.
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Al-Samarraay MS, Zaidan A, Albahri O, Pamucar D, AlSattar H, Alamoodi A, Zaidan B, Albahri A. Extension of interval-valued Pythagorean FDOSM for evaluating and benchmarking real-time SLRSs based on multidimensional criteria of hand gesture recognition and sensor glove perspectives. Appl Soft Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2021.108284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Multi-criteria decision-making for coronavirus disease 2019 applications: a theoretical analysis review. Artif Intell Rev 2022; 55:4979-5062. [PMID: 35103030 PMCID: PMC8791811 DOI: 10.1007/s10462-021-10124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that is being felt in all spheres of our lives and has a remarkable effect on global health care delivery occurs amongst the ongoing global health crisis of patients and the required services. From the time of the first detection of infection amongst the public, researchers investigated various applications in the fight against the COVID-19 outbreak and outlined the crucial roles of different research areas in this unprecedented battle. In the context of existing studies in the literature surrounding COVID-19, related to medical treatment decisions, the dimensions of context addressed in previous multidisciplinary studies reveal the lack of appropriate decision mechanisms during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) has been applied widely in our daily lives in various ways with numerous successful stories to help analyse complex decisions and provide an accurate decision process. The rise of MCDM in combating COVID-19 from a theoretical perspective view needs further investigation to meet the important characteristic points that match integrating MCDM and COVID-19. To this end, a comprehensive review and an analysis of these multidisciplinary fields, carried out by different MCDM theories concerning COVID19 in complex case studies, are provided. Research directions on exploring the potentials of MCDM and enhancing its capabilities and power through two directions (i.e. development and evaluation) in COVID-19 are thoroughly discussed. In addition, Bibliometrics has been analysed, visualization and interpretation based on the evaluation and development category using R-tool involves; annual scientific production, country scientific production, Wordcloud, factor analysis in bibliographic, and country collaboration map. Furthermore, 8 characteristic points that go through the analysis based on new tables of information are highlighted and discussed to cover several important facts and percentages associated with standardising the evaluation criteria, MCDM theory in ranking alternatives and weighting criteria, operators used with the MCDM methods, normalisation types for the data used, MCDM theory contexts, selected experts ways, validation scheme for effective MCDM theory and the challenges of MCDM theory used in COVID-19 studies. Accordingly, a recommended MCDM theory solution is presented through three distinct phases as a future direction in COVID19 studies. Key phases of this methodology include the Fuzzy Delphi method for unifying criteria and establishing importance level, Fuzzy weighted Zero Inconsistency for weighting to mitigate the shortcomings of the previous weighting techniques and the MCDM approach by the name Fuzzy Decision by Opinion Score method for prioritising alternatives and providing a unique ranking solution. This study will provide MCDM researchers and the wider community an overview of the current status of MCDM evaluation and development methods and motivate researchers in harnessing MCDM potentials in tackling an accurate decision for different fields against COVID-19.
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A new extension of FDOSM based on Pythagorean fuzzy environment for evaluating and benchmarking sign language recognition systems. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-021-06683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Alsalem MA, Albahri OS, Zaidan AA, Al-Obaidi JR, Alnoor A, Alamoodi AH, Albahri AS, Zaidan BB, Jumaah FM. Rescuing emergency cases of COVID-19 patients: An intelligent real-time MSC transfusion framework based on multicriteria decision-making methods. APPL INTELL 2022; 52:9676-9700. [PMID: 35035091 PMCID: PMC8741536 DOI: 10.1007/s10489-021-02813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising ability to treat critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by regenerating lung cells and reducing immune system overreaction. However, two main challenges need to be addressed first before MSCs can be efficiently transfused to the most critical cases of COVID-19. First is the selection of suitable MSC sources that can meet the standards of stem cell criteria. Second is differentiating COVID-19 patients into different emergency levels automatically and prioritising them in each emergency level. This study presents an efficient real-time MSC transfusion framework based on multicriteria decision-making(MCDM) methods. In the methodology, the testing phase represents the ability to adhere to plastic surfaces, the upregulation and downregulation of specific surface protein markers and finally the ability to differentiate into different kinds of cells. In the development phase, firstly, two scenarios of an augmented dataset based on the medical perspective are generated to produce 80 patients with different emergency levels. Secondly, an automated triage algorithm based on a formal medical guideline is proposed for real-time monitoring of COVID-19 patients with different emergency levels (i.e. mild, moderate, severe and critical) considering the improvement and deterioration procedures from one level to another. Thirdly, a unique decision matrix for each triage level (except mild) is constructed on the basis of the intersection between the evaluation criteria of each emergency level and list of COVID-19 patients. Thereafter, MCDM methods (i.e. analytic hierarchy process [AHP] and vlsekriterijumska optimizcija i kaompromisno resenje [VIKOR]) are integrated to assign subjective weights for the evaluation criteria within each triage level and then prioritise the COVID-19 patients on the basis of individual and group decision-making(GDM) contexts. Results show that: (1) in both scenarios, the proposed algorithm effectively classified the patients into four emergency levels, including mild, moderate, severe and critical, taking into consideration the improvement and deterioration cases. (2) On the basis of experts’ perspectives, clear differences in most individual prioritisations for patients with different emergency levels in both scenarios were found. (3) In both scenarios, COVID-19 patients were prioritised identically between the internal and external group VIKOR. During the evaluation, the statistical objective method indicated that the patient prioritisations underwent systematic ranking. Moreover, comparison analysis with previous work proved the efficiency of the proposed framework. Thus, the real-time MSC transfusion for COVID-19 patients can follow the order achieved in the group VIKOR results.
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Alsalem MA, Alsattar HA, Albahri AS, Mohammed RT, Albahri OS, Zaidan AA, Alnoor A, Alamoodi AH, Qahtan S, Zaidan BB, Aickelin U, Alazab M, Jumaah FM. Based on T-spherical fuzzy environment: A combination of FWZIC and FDOSM for prioritising COVID-19 vaccine dose recipients. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1513-1559. [PMID: 34538731 PMCID: PMC8388152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem complexity of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) has been raised in the distribution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, which required solid and robust MCDM methods. Compared with other MCDM methods, the fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (FWZIC) method and fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM) have demonstrated their solidity in solving different MCDM challenges. However, the fuzzy sets used in these methods have neglected the refusal concept and limited the restrictions on their constants. To end this, considering the advantage of the T-spherical fuzzy sets (T-SFSs) in handling the uncertainty in the data and obtaining information with more degree of freedom, this study has extended FWZIC and FDOSM methods into the T-SFSs environment (called T-SFWZIC and T-SFDOSM) to be used in the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines. The methodology was formulated on the basis of decision matrix adoption and development phases. The first phase described the adopted decision matrix used in the COVID-19 vaccine distribution. The second phase presented the sequential formulation steps of T-SFWZIC used for weighting the distribution criteria followed by T-SFDOSM utilised for prioritising the vaccine recipients. Results revealed the following: (1) T-SFWZIC effectively weighted the vaccine distribution criteria based on several parameters including T = 2, T = 4, T = 6, T = 8, and T = 10. Amongst all parameters, the age criterion received the highest weight, whereas the geographic locations severity criterion has the lowest weight. (2) According to the T parameters, a considerable variance has occurred on the vaccine recipient orders, indicating that the existence of T values affected the vaccine distribution. (3) In the individual context of T-SFDOSM, no unique prioritisation was observed based on the obtained opinions of each expert. (4) The group context of T-SFDOSM used in the prioritisation of vaccine recipients was considered the final distribution result as it unified the differences found in an individual context. The evaluation was performed based on systematic ranking assessment and sensitivity analysis. This evaluation showed that the prioritisation results based on each T parameter were subject to a systematic ranking that is supported by high correlation results over all discussed scenarios of changing criteria weights values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Alsalem
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - H A Alsattar
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - A S Albahri
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq
| | - R T Mohammed
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia; Faculty of Computing and Innovative Technology, Geomatika University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - O S Albahri
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - A A Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia.
| | - Alhamzah Alnoor
- School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - A H Alamoodi
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Qahtan
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - B B Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Uwe Aickelin
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, 700 Swanston Street, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mamoun Alazab
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, NT, Australia
| | - F M Jumaah
- Department of Advanced Applications and Embedded Systems, Intel Corporation, Plot 6 Bayan Lepas Technoplex, 11900 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Novel dynamic fuzzy Decision-Making framework for COVID-19 vaccine dose recipients. J Adv Res 2021; 37:147-168. [PMID: 35475277 PMCID: PMC8378994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The vaccine distribution for the COVID-19 is a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem based on three issues, namely, identification of different distribution criteria, importance criteria and data variation. Thus, the Pythagorean fuzzy decision by opinion score method (PFDOSM) for prioritising vaccine recipients is the correct approach because it utilises the most powerful MCDM ranking method. However, PFDOSM weighs the criteria values of each alternative implicitly, which is limited to explicitly weighting each criterion. In view of solving this theoretical issue, the fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (FWZIC) can be used as a powerful weighting MCDM method to provide explicit weights for a criteria set with zero inconstancy. However, FWZIC is based on the triangular fuzzy number that is limited in solving the vagueness related to the aforementioned theoretical issues. Objectives This research presents a novel homogeneous Pythagorean fuzzy framework for distributing the COVID-19 vaccine dose by integrating a new formulation of the PFWZIC and PFDOSM methods. Methods The methodology is divided into two phases. Firstly, an augmented dataset was generated that included 300 recipients based on five COVID-19 vaccine distribution criteria (i.e., vaccine recipient memberships, chronic disease conditions, age, geographic location severity and disabilities). Then, a decision matrix was constructed on the basis of an intersection of the 'recipients list' and 'COVID-19 distribution criteria'. Then, the MCDM methods were integrated. An extended PFWZIC was developed, followed by the development of PFDOSM. Results (1) PFWZIC effectively weighted the vaccine distribution criteria. (2) The PFDOSM-based group prioritisation was considered in the final distribution result. (3) The prioritisation ranks of the vaccine recipients were subject to a systematic ranking that is supported by high correlation results over nine scenarios of the changing criteria weights values. Conclusion The findings of this study are expected to ensuring equitable protection against COVID-19 and thus help accelerate vaccine progress worldwide.
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Di H, Sbeih A, Shibly FHA. Predicting safety hazards and safety behavior of underground coal mines. Soft comput 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-06115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Albahri AS, Zaidan AA, Albahri OS, Zaidan BB, Alamoodi AH, Shareef AH, Alwan JK, Hamid RA, Aljbory MT, Jasim AN, Baqer MJ, Mohammed KI. Development of IoT-based mhealth framework for various cases of heart disease patients. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-021-00579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Shen R. Fuzzy logic neural network based growth enterprise market analysis for registration-based IPO system. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-219038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In real life, the stock price is always easy to be mispriced after listing, too high or too low. There are numerous reasons behind mispricing. Many scholars believe that the information asymmetry is one of them. In an inefficient market, the information asymmetry is bound to exist and be very high. In order to investigate the impact of registration-based IPO system reforms in mispricing, this paper takes the GEM market as an example to analyze the impact of the GEM market on mispricing. And we proposed a method with fuzzy logic neural network for Growth Enterprise Market analysis for IPO system. After processing data, we use ARIMA and EGARCH model to find the results. The immaturity will result in the negative impact caused by reformation, which will deviate from the goal that makes Chinese stock market become better.
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21
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Li Z, Fathima G, Kautish S. Action classification and analysis during sports training session using fuzzy model and video surveillance. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-219010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Activity recognition and classification are emerging fields of research that enable many human-centric applications in the sports domain. One of the most critical and challenged aspects of coaching is improving the performance of athletes. Hence, in this paper, the Adaptive Evolutionary Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (AENFIS) has been proposed for sports person activity classification based on the biomedical signal, trial accelerator data and video surveillance. This paper obtains movement data and heart rate from the developed sensor module. This small sensor is patched onto the user’s chest to get physiological information. Based on the time and frequency domain features, this paper defines the fuzzy sets and assess the natural grouping of data via expectation-maximization of the probabilities. Sensor data feature selection and classification algorithms are applied, and a majority voting is utilized to choose the most representative features. The experimental results show that the proposed AENFIS model enhances accuracy ratio of 98.9%, prediction ratio of 98.5%, the precision ratio of 95.4, recall ratio of 96.7%, the performance ratio of 97.8%, an efficiency ratio of 98.1% and reduces the error rate of 10.2%, execution time 8.9% compared to other existing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G. Fathima
- Professor, CSE Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, India
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22
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Krishnan E, Mohammed R, Alnoor A, Albahri OS, Zaidan AA, Alsattar H, Albahri AS, Zaidan BB, Kou G, Hamid RA, Alamoodi AH, Alazab M. Interval type 2 trapezoidal‐fuzzy weighted with zero inconsistency combined with VIKOR for evaluating smart e‐tourism applications. INT J INTELL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/int.22489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaiyaraja Krishnan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry Sultan Idris Education University Tanjung Malim Malaysia
| | - Rawia Mohammed
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry Sultan Idris Education University Tanjung Malim Malaysia
| | - Alhamzah Alnoor
- School of Management Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Osamah Shihab Albahri
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry Sultan Idris Education University Tanjung Malim Malaysia
| | - Aws Alaa Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry Sultan Idris Education University Tanjung Malim Malaysia
| | - Hassan Alsattar
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry Sultan Idris Education University Tanjung Malim Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Shihab Albahri
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry Sultan Idris Education University Tanjung Malim Malaysia
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS) Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI) Baghdad Iraq
| | - Bilal Bahaa Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry Sultan Idris Education University Tanjung Malim Malaysia
- Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gang Kou
- School of Business Administration Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Chengdu China
| | - Rula A. Hamid
- College of Business Informatics University of Information Technology and Communications (UOITC) Baghdad Iraq
| | - Abdullah Hussein Alamoodi
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry Sultan Idris Education University Tanjung Malim Malaysia
| | - Mamoun Alazab
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment Charles Darwin University NT Australia
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23
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Yao J, Wang L, Liu Y, kui Y. Research on the data analysis system of student stress in English MOOC based on fuzzy C-means algorithm. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-219048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the recognition accuracy of students’ psychological stress data in the English MOOC classroom teaching process, this paper improves the traditional fuzzy C-means algorithm, and uses the deviation value to represent the difference between the average algebraic distance of the neighborhood point and the center pixel. By calculating the deviation value, the influence of the neighborhood point on the center point can be measured, and the noise resistance of the algorithm can be improved. Moreover, this paper constructs a quantitative identification model of student stress data based on the needs of English MOOC teaching stress analysis, and uses image database to verify the basic performance of the algorithm, and constructs a data analysis system of student stress in English MOOC classroom, which is used in practice. In addition, this paper uses student facial expression recognition as a basis for quantitative identification of student stress, and designs experiments to analyze the reliability of the system. From the statistical results, it can be seen that the data analysis system of the students’ psychological stress in the English MOOC classroom teaching process constructed in this paper is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yao
- Wang Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ying Liu
- Wang Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying kui
- Wang Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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24
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Mohammed TJ, Albahri AS, Zaidan AA, Albahri OS, Al-Obaidi JR, Zaidan BB, Larbani M, Mohammed RT, Hadi SM. Convalescent-plasma-transfusion intelligent framework for rescuing COVID-19 patients across centralised/decentralised telemedicine hospitals based on AHP-group TOPSIS and matching component. APPL INTELL 2021; 51:2956-2987. [PMID: 34764579 PMCID: PMC7820530 DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-02169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads across the world, the transfusion of efficient convalescent plasma (CP) to the most critical patients can be the primary approach to preventing the virus spread and treating the disease, and this strategy is considered as an intelligent computing concern. In providing an automated intelligent computing solution to select the appropriate CP for the most critical patients with COVID-19, two challenges aspects are bound to be faced: (1) distributed hospital management aspects (including scalability and management issues for prioritising COVID-19 patients and donors simultaneously), and (2) technical aspects (including the lack of COVID-19 dataset availability of patients and donors and an accurate matching process amongst them considering all blood types). Based on previous reports, no study has provided a solution for CP-transfusion-rescue intelligent framework during this pandemic that has addressed said challenges and issues. This study aimed to propose a novel CP-transfusion intelligent framework for rescuing COVID-19 patients across centralised/decentralised telemedicine hospitals based on the matching component process to provide an efficient CP from eligible donors to the most critical patients using multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. A dataset, including COVID-19 patients/donors that have met the important criteria in the virology field, must be augmented to improve the developed framework. Four consecutive phases conclude the methodology. In the first phase, a new COVID-19 dataset is generated on the basis of medical-reference ranges by specialised experts in the virology field. The simulation data are classified into 80 patients and 80 donors on the basis of the five biomarker criteria with four blood types (i.e., A, B, AB, and O) and produced for COVID-19 case study. In the second phase, the identification scenario of patient/donor distributions across four centralised/decentralised telemedicine hospitals is identified 'as a proof of concept'. In the third phase, three stages are conducted to develop a CP-transfusion-rescue framework. In the first stage, two decision matrices are adopted and developed on the basis of the five 'serological/protein biomarker' criteria for the prioritisation of patient/donor lists. In the second stage, MCDM techniques are analysed to adopt individual and group decision making based on integrated AHP-TOPSIS as suitable methods. In the third stage, the intelligent matching components amongst patients/donors are developed on the basis of four distinct rules. In the final phase, the guideline of the objective validation steps is reported. The intelligent framework implies the benefits and strength weights of biomarker criteria to the priority configuration results and can obtain efficient CPs for the most critical patients. The execution of matching components possesses the scalability and balancing presentation within centralised/decentralised hospitals. The objective validation results indicate that the ranking is valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thura J. Mohammed
- grid.444506.70000 0000 9272 6490Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Malaysia ,Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A. S. Albahri
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A. A. Zaidan
- grid.444506.70000 0000 9272 6490Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Malaysia
| | - O. S. Albahri
- grid.444506.70000 0000 9272 6490Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Malaysia
| | - Jameel R. Al-Obaidi
- grid.444506.70000 0000 9272 6490Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak Malaysia
| | - B. B. Zaidan
- grid.444506.70000 0000 9272 6490Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Malaysia
| | - Moussa Larbani
- grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - R. T. Mohammed
- grid.11142.370000 0001 2231 800XFaculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Suha M. Hadi
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq
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