1
|
Luo K, Yu X, Wang J, Liu J, Li X, Pan M, Huang D, Mai K, Zhang W. Ascorbic acid biosynthesis in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino and L-gulonolactone oxidase gene loss as an independent event. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131733. [PMID: 38649080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Up to now, it has been believed that invertebrates are unable to synthesize ascorbic acid (AA) in vivo. However, in the present study, the full-length CDs (Coding sequence) of L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) from Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) were obtained through molecular cloning. The Pacific abalone GLO contained a FAD-binding domain in the N-termination, and ALO domain and conserved HWAK motif in the C-termination. The GLO gene possesses 12 exons and 11 introns. The Pacific abalone GLO was expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, digestive gland, gill, intestine, muscle and mantle. The GLO activity assay revealed that GLO activity was only detected in the kidney of Pacific abalone. After a 100-day feeding trial, dietary AA levels did not significantly affect the survival, weight gain, daily increment in shell length, and feed conversion ratio of Pacific abalone. The expression of GLO in the kidney was downregulated by dietary AA. These results implied that the ability to synthesize AA in abalone had not been lost. From the evolutionary perspective, the loss of GLO occurred independently as an independent event by matching with the genomes of various species. The positive selection analysis revealed that the GLO gene underwent purifying selective pressure during its evolution. In conclusion, the present study provided direct evidence to prove that the GLO activity and the ability to synthesize AA exist in abalone. The AA synthesis ability in vertebrates might have originated from invertebrates dating back 930.31 million years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education); Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education); Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education); Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education); Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xinxin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education); Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education); Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Dong Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education); Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education); Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education); Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Béland K, Rousseau C, Lair S. Diet-induced nephrocalcinosis in aquarium-raised juvenile spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 157:19-30. [PMID: 38236079 DOI: 10.3354/dao03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Wolffish are regularly housed in aquaria, but little data on their husbandry and health is available for caretakers. High occurrence rates of nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis have been observed in Atlantic Anarhichas lupus and spotted A. minor wolffish housed at 2 Canadian zoological institutions. To explore the effect of diet on nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis development, a 16 mo prospective study was conducted. A total of 32 juvenile spotted wolffish were randomly assigned to one of 4 experimental groups fed exclusively with the following diet: (1) Skretting® Europa 18 pellets; (2) Mazuri® LS Aquatic Carni-Blend Diet Formula; (3) vitamin-supplemented fish-based diet, and (4) vitamin-supplemented invertebrate-based diet. Urinalysis, radiographs, and complete necropsies were performed at the end of the study. None of the wolffish developed uroliths during the study period. All specimens fed with the fish-based and invertebrate-based diets developed nephrocalcinosis, whereas this condition was seen in 12.5 and 0% of the fish in the Skretting® and Mazuri® groups, respectively. Affected wolffish often presented with oxalate crystalluria and increased radiodensity of the posterior kidneys. Urinalysis and radiographic study were considered useful in the antemortem diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis. None of the previously published risk factors for the development of nephrocalcinosis in fish were supported by the results of this study. However, nutritional analyses of the 4 diets suggest that high dietary levels of gelatin or vitamin C or low levels of vitamin E could be potential risk factors for the development of nephrocalcinosis in spotted wolffish and thus warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Béland
- Centre québécois sur la santé des animaux sauvages/Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | | | - Stéphane Lair
- Centre québécois sur la santé des animaux sauvages/Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
- Sépaq, Aquarium du Québec, Quebec City, Quebec G1W 4S3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Edwards KA, Randall EA, Wolfe PC, Angert ER, Kraft CE. Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7008. [PMID: 37117240 PMCID: PMC10147936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish population declines from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency have been widespread in ecologically and economically valuable organisms, ranging from the Great Lakes to the Baltic Sea and, most recently, the California coast. Thiamine deficiencies in predatory fishes are often attributed to a diet of prey fishes with high levels of thiamine-degrading (e.g., thiaminase) enzymes, such as alewives, rainbow smelt, and anchovies. Since their discovery, thiaminase I enzymes have been recognized for breaking down thiamine into its pyrimidine and thiazole moieties using various nucleophilic co-substrates to afford cleavage, but these studies have not thoroughly considered other factors that could modify enzyme activity. We found the thiaminase I enzyme from Clostridium botulinum efficiently degrades thiamine in the presence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as a co-substrate but has relatively limited activity in the presence of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3). Using fluorescence measurements, thiamine degradation in an over-the-counter complete multivitamin formulation was inhibited, and a B-complex formulation required co-substrate supplementation for maximal thiamine depletion. These studies prompted the evaluation of specific constituents contributing to thiaminase I inhibition by both chromatography and fluorescence assays: Cu2+ potently and irreversibly inhibited thiamine degradation; ascorbic acid was a strong but reversible inhibitor; Fe2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ modulated thiamine degradation to a lesser degree. The enhancement by pyridoxine and inhibition by Cu2+ extended to thiaminase-mediated degradation from Burkholderia thailandensis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus, and Paenibacillus apiarius in tryptic soy broth supernatants. These co-substrate limitations and the common presence of inhibitory dietary factors complement recent studies reporting that the intended function of thiaminase enzymes is to recycle thiamine breakdown products for thiamine synthesis, not thiamine degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Edwards
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Eileen A Randall
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patricia C Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Esther R Angert
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Clifford E Kraft
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Medley JK, Persons J, Biswas T, Olsen L, Peuß R, Krishnan J, Xiong S, Rohner N. The metabolome of Mexican cavefish shows a convergent signature highlighting sugar, antioxidant, and Ageing-Related metabolites. eLife 2022; 11:74539. [PMID: 35703366 PMCID: PMC9200406 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights from organisms, which have evolved natural strategies for promoting survivability under extreme environmental pressures, may help guide future research into novel approaches for enhancing human longevity. The cave-adapted Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, has attracted interest as a model system for metabolic resilience, a term we use to denote the property of maintaining health and longevity under conditions that would be highly deleterious in other organisms (Figure 1). Cave-dwelling populations of Mexican tetra exhibit elevated blood glucose, insulin resistance and hypertrophic visceral adipocytes compared to surface-dwelling counterparts. However, cavefish appear to avoid pathologies typically associated with these conditions, such as accumulation of advanced-glycation-end-products (AGEs) and chronic tissue inflammation. The metabolic strategies underlying the resilience properties of A. mexicanus cavefish, and how they relate to environmental challenges of the cave environment, are poorly understood. Here, we provide an untargeted metabolomics study of long- and short-term fasting in two A. mexicanus cave populations and one surface population. We find that, although the metabolome of cavefish bears many similarities with pathological conditions such as metabolic syndrome, cavefish also exhibit features not commonly associated with a pathological condition, and in some cases considered indicative of an overall robust metabolic condition. These include a reduction in cholesteryl esters and intermediates of protein glycation, and an increase in antioxidants and metabolites associated with hypoxia and longevity. This work suggests that certain metabolic features associated with human pathologies are either not intrinsically harmful, or can be counteracted by reciprocal adaptations. We provide a transparent pipeline for reproducing our analysis and a Shiny app for other researchers to explore and visualize our dataset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kyle Medley
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Jenna Persons
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Tathagata Biswas
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Luke Olsen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
| | - Robert Peuß
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Shaolei Xiong
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang CH, Lee TH. Hypothermal effects on expression of regucalcin, a calcium-binding protein, in the livers of seawater- and fresh water-acclimated milkfish, Chanos chanos. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:999-1010. [PMID: 33987810 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin (RGN) is a calcium-binding protein mainly expressed in the liver. It functions in regulating activities of several calcium-dependent enzymes related to energy metabolism, antioxidant mechanisms, and apoptotic pathways. Previous proteomics analyses revealed downregulation of regucalcin in milkfish livers when acclimated to low temperature (18 °C) from normal temperature (28 °C). This study first identified the full-length sequence of milkfish regucalcin from the livers with high similarity in the protein structure and calcium-binding function compared to the regucalcin of other animals. The mRNA and protein expression of regucalcin in the livers of fresh water (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated milkfish under hypothermal acclimation were further analyzed. In FW milkfish, upregulation of regucalcin was found in mRNA and protein levels from 2 to 4 days, respectively, to 1 week after transfer to 18 °C for the two. However, in SW milkfish, upregulation of regucalcin occurred quickly and returned to the basal levels in 1 (mRNA expression) or 2 days (protein expression) up until 1 week after transfer. These results suggested potential roles of regucalcin in maintaining calcium homeostasis and its correlation to differential physiological responses in the livers of milkfish when they were acclimated to FW and SW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shanaka KASN, Jung S, Janson ND, Jayasingha JRP, Madushani KP, Kim MJ, Lee J. Growth and Antioxidant-Related Effects of the Reestablished Ascorbic Acid Pathway in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) by Genomic Integration of L-Gulonolactone Oxidase From Cloudy Catshark ( Scyliorhinus torazame). Front Physiol 2021; 12:685595. [PMID: 34290620 PMCID: PMC8287572 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.685595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of L-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO), which catalyzes the last step of the ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis pathway, results in a complete lack of AA in several Osteichthyes fish species, including zebrafish. In this study, sGULO, the active GULO gene from cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame) was cloned into zebrafish using the Gateway cloning method. The resulting Tg(b-actin:sGULO:mCherry) fish were analyzed for the effects of a reestablished AA pathway. Fluorescent microscopy and PCR were used to analyze the integration of the construct into the zebrafish genome. Catalytic activity of sGULO, AA production, growth-related characteristics, and gene expression were investigated to evaluate the effects of AA production in Tg fish. The mCherry fluorescent protein indicated the proper integration and expression of the sGULO construct in zebrafish. The sGULO gene was ubiquitously expressed in all the studied tissues and the enzyme activity indicated an increased AA production in Tg fish. The growth of Tg fish was also increased, and antioxidant system analysis suggests that reactive oxygen species production was reduced in Tg fish compared with wild type. Expression of the AA transporter slc23a1 was significantly downregulated in Tg homozygous fish. These results collectively indicate the effects of reestablished AA synthesis in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - N D Janson
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - J R P Jayasingha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - K P Madushani
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sinha AK, Romano N, Shrivastava J, Monico J, Bishop WM. Oxidative stress, histopathological alterations and anti-oxidant capacity in different tissues of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to a newly developed sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate granular algaecide formulated with hydrogen peroxide. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105348. [PMID: 31812647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Various strategies exist to control noxious cyanobacterial populations, although the application of a newly developed granular compound (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate 'SCP', trade name 'PAK® 27' algaecide) containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the active ingredient, has been recently proven as an effective and ecofriendly treatment. However, in aquaculture settings the application of SCP to treat cynobacterial blooms may affect non-targeted biota, such as fish due to H2O2 being known to elicit toxic oxidative stress. Consequently, a better understanding of the side effects as a function of dosing concentrations would help to improve treatment efficacy and fish welfare. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess the potential risks of SCP to largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a high priced fish in the U.S. To this end, fish were exposed to two recommended doses of SCP corresponding to either 2.5 or 4.0 mg/L H2O2 for 6 days, with a control group in parallel. After 6 days, the effect of SCP exposure on oxidative stress, histopathological changes and anti-oxidant potential in the brain, liver, gills and muscle were investigated. Results show that exposure to 4.0 mg/L H2O2 -SCP incited oxidative damage, evidenced by an over-accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain and liver, which were accompanied by an increment in xanthine oxidase activity. Unlike 4.0 mg/L H2O2, these oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain and liver tissue of 2.5 mg/L H2O2-SCP exposed fish were restrained within control levels and concomitant with an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity. In contrast, many of these anti-oxidants sentinels in the 4.0 mg/L H2O2 exposed fish were either unaffected or significantly inhibited, which resulted in over-accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. In addition, a series of histopathological alterations were observed, and the most severe brain injuries and liver inflammation were recorded in 4.0 mg/L H2O2-SCP exposed fish. Based on oxidative parameters, both SCP doses resulted in a relatively mild oxidative stress in gills but no effect in muscle, probably explaining the modest anti-oxidative responses in the former and almost complete lack of anti-oxidative responses in the latter. Overall, our findings suggests that the application of SCP at 4.0 mg/L H2O2 to control cyanobacterial blooms in aquaculture settings can possess potential risks to the farmed fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sinha
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, 71601 AR, USA
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, 71601 AR, USA.
| | - Jyotsna Shrivastava
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jesus Monico
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - West M Bishop
- SePRO Research and Technology Campus, 16013 Watson Seed Farm Rd., Whitakers, NC 27891, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Omeka WKM, Liyanage DS, Yang H, Lee J. Glutaredoxin 2 from big belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) and its potential involvement in cellular redox homeostasis and host immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:411-421. [PMID: 31586678 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins are oxidoreductases present in almost all living organisms. They belong to the thioredoxin superfamily and share the thioredoxin structure and catalytic motif. Glutaredoxin 2 has been identified as a mitochondrial protein in vertebrates. In this study, the sequence of Glutaredoxin 2 from Hippocampus abdominalis (HaGrx2) was analyzed by molecular, transcriptional, and functional assays. In-silico analysis revealed that HaGrx2 shows the highest homology with Hippocampus comes, while distinctly cluster with fish Grx2 orthologs. Tissue distribution analysis showed that HaGrx2 is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, and the highest expression was observed in the brain and skin. Significant HaGrx2 transcript modulation was identified in blood and liver upon injecting bacterial and Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns. The redox activity of HaGrx2 was revealed by Dehydroascorbic reduction and insulin disulfide reduction activity assays. Further, the deglutathionylation activity of 1 nM HaGrx2 was found to be equivalent to that of 0.84 nM HaGrx1. HaGrx2 exhibited antiapoptotic activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in FHM cells. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that HaGrx2 plays a role in redox homeostasis and innate immune responses in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He Q, Chen L, Liu Y, Wu Y, Ni D, Liu J, Hu Y, Gu Y, Xie Y, Zhou Q, Li Q. Gulo regulates the proliferation, apoptosis and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme cells via inhibiting Six2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:885-891. [PMID: 30219227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During kidney development, the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of metanephric mesenchyme (MM) cells, mainly regulated by Sine oculis-related homeobox 2 (Six2), is critical for forming mature kidney. L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase (Gulo), a crucial enzyme for vitamin C synthesis, reveals a different expression at various stages during kidney development, but its function in the early renal development remains unknown. In this work, we aim to study the role of Gulo in MM cells at two differentiation stages. We found that Gulo expression in undifferentiated MM (mK3) cells was lower than in differentiated MM (mK4) cells. Over-expression of Gulo can promote mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation (MET) and apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation in mK3 cells. Knock-down of Gulo in mK4 cells made its epithelial character cells unstabilized, facilitated the proliferation and restrained the apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that Six2 was negatively regulated by Gulo, and over-expression or knock-down of Six2 was able to rescue partially the MET, proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells caused by Gulo. In conclusion, these findings reveal that Gulo promotes the MET and apoptosis, and inhibits proliferation in MM cells by down-regulating Six2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling He
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yamin Liu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yafei Wu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ni
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jianing Liu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yanxia Hu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yuping Gu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yajun Xie
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Qianyin Li
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|