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López-Lluch G. Coenzyme Q homeostasis in aging: Response to non-genetic interventions. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:285-302. [PMID: 33454314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component for many essential metabolic and antioxidant activities in cells in mitochondria and cell membranes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and age-related diseases. Deprivation of CoQ during aging can be the cause or the consequence of this mitochondrial dysfunction. In any case, it seems clear that aging-associated CoQ deprivation accelerates mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases. Non-genetic prolongevity interventions, including CoQ dietary supplementation, can increase CoQ levels in mitochondria and cell membranes improving mitochondrial activity and delaying cell and tissue deterioration by oxidative damage. In this review, we discuss the importance of CoQ deprivation in aging and age-related diseases and the effect of prolongevity interventions on CoQ levels and synthesis and CoQ-dependent antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología Del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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Navigating the Maze of Dietary Supplements. TOP CLIN NUTR 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Combination of Coenzyme Q 10 Intake and Moderate Physical Activity Counteracts Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in a SAMP8 Mouse Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8936251. [PMID: 30473743 PMCID: PMC6220380 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8936251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging skeletal muscles are characterized by a progressive decline in muscle mass and muscular strength. Such muscular dysfunctions are usually associated with structural and functional alterations of skeletal muscle mitochondria. The senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) model, characterized by premature aging and high degree of oxidative stress, was used to investigate whether a combined intervention with mild physical exercise and ubiquinol supplementation was able to improve mitochondrial function and preserve skeletal muscle health during aging. 5-month-old SAMP8 mice, in a presarcopenia phase, have been randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): untreated controls and mice treated for two months with either physical exercise (0.5 km/h, on a 5% inclination, for 30 min, 5/7 days per week), ubiquinol 10 (500 mg/kg/day), or a combination of exercise and ubiquinol. Two months of physical exercise significantly increased mitochondrial damage in the muscles of exercised mice when compared to controls. On the contrary, ubiquinol and physical exercise combination significantly improved the overall status of the skeletal muscle, preserving mitochondrial ultrastructure and limiting mitochondrial depolarization induced by physical exercise alone. Accordingly, combination treatment while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis lowered autophagy and caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study shows that ubiquinol supplementation counteracts the deleterious effects of physical exercise-derived ROS improving mitochondrial functionality in an oxidative stress model, such as SAMP8 in the presarcopenia phase.
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Leibing T, Géraud C, Augustin I, Boutros M, Augustin HG, Okun JG, Langhans C, Zierow J, Wohlfeil SA, Olsavszky V, Schledzewski K, Goerdt S, Koch P. Angiocrine Wnt signaling controls liver growth and metabolic maturation in mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:707-722. [PMID: 29059455 PMCID: PMC6099291 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Postnatal liver development is characterized by hepatocyte growth, proliferation, and functional maturation. Notably, canonical Wnt signaling in hepatocytes has been identified as an important regulator of final adult liver size and metabolic liver zonation. The cellular origin of Wnt ligands responsible for homeostatic liver/body weight ratio (LW/BW) remained unclear, which was also attributable to a lack of suitable endothelial Cre driver mice. To comprehensively analyze the effects of hepatic angiocrine Wnt signaling on liver development and metabolic functions, we used endothelial subtype-specific Stab2-Cre driver mice to delete Wls from hepatic endothelial cells (HECs). The resultant Stab2-Cretg/wt ;Wlsfl/fl (Wls-HECKO) mice were viable, but showed a significantly reduced LW/BW. Specifically, ablation of angiocrine Wnt signaling impaired metabolic zonation in the liver, as shown by loss of pericentral, β-catenin-dependent target genes such as glutamine synthase (Glul), RhBg, Axin2, and cytochrome P450 2E1, as well as by extended expression of periportal genes such as arginase 1. Furthermore, endothelial subtype-specific expression of a c-terminally YFP-tagged Wls fusion protein in Wls-HECKO mice (Stab2-Cretg/wt ;Wlsfl/fl ;Rosa26:Wls-YFPfl/wt [Wls-rescue]) restored metabolic liver zonation. Interestingly, lipid metabolism was altered in Wls-HECKO mice exhibiting significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels, while maintaining normal plasma triglyceride and blood glucose concentrations. On the contrary, zonal expression of Endomucin, LYVE1, and other markers of HEC heterogeneity were not altered in Wls-HECKO livers. CONCLUSION Angiocrine Wnt signaling controls liver growth as well as development of metabolic liver zonation in mice, whereas intrahepatic HEC zonation is not affected. (Hepatology 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leibing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Iris Augustin
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyHeidelbergGermany,Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Cell TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan‐TriesdorfFreisingGermany
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyHeidelbergGermany
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance)DKFZHeidelbergGermany,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Jürgen G. Okun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic DiseasesUniversity Children's HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Claus‐Dieter Langhans
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic DiseasesUniversity Children's HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Johanna Zierow
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Sebastian A. Wohlfeil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Kai Schledzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany,European Center for AngioscienceMedical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Philipp‐Sebastian Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
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Zhang J, Gao D, Cai J, Liu H, Qi Z. Improving coenzyme Q10 yield of Rhodobacter sphaeroides via modifying redox respiration chain. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhu Y, Lu W, Ye L, Chen Z, Hu W, Wang C, Chen J, Yu H. Enhanced synthesis of Coenzyme Q 10 by reducing the competitive production of carotenoids in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Heinz T, Schuchardt JP, Möller K, Hadji P, Hahn A. Low daily dose of 3 mg monacolin K from RYR reduces the concentration of LDL-C in a randomized, placebo-controlled intervention. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1162-1170. [PMID: 27865358 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and elevated homocysteine concentrations are associated with cardiovascular risk. Previous studies have demonstrated a cholesterol-lowering effect of red yeast rice (RYR) supplements which contained 5 to 10 mg of monacolin K. We hypothesized that the intake of a low monacolin K dose may likewise reduce low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and other plasma lipids. In secondary analyses, we tested the homocysteine lowering effect of folic acid, which was also included in the study preparation. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled intervention study. One hundred forty-two nonstatin-treated participants with hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C ≥ 4.14 ≤ 5.69 mmol/L) were randomized to the supplement group with RYR or the placebo group. Participants of the supplement group consumed 3 mg monacolin K and 200 μg folic acid per day. A significant (P < .001) reduction of LDL-C (-14.8%), total cholesterol (-11.2%), and homocysteine (-12.5%) was determined in the supplement group after 12 weeks. A total of 51% of the participants treated with RYR achieved the limit of LDL-C <4.14 mmol/L advised and 26% reached the threshold level of homocysteine <10 μmol/L. No significant changes were exhibited within the placebo group. Other parameters remained unchanged and no intolerances or serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a low dose of daily 3 mg monacolin K from RYR reduces the concentration of LDL-C; a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Heinz
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Peyman Hadji
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Nordwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany.
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Fischer A, Niklowitz P, Menke T, Döring F. Coenzyme Q regulates the expression of essential genes of the pathogen- and xenobiotic-associated defense pathway in C. elegans. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:171-7. [PMID: 26566301 PMCID: PMC4639588 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is necessary for mitochondrial energy production and modulates the expression of genes that are important for inflammatory processes, growth and detoxification reactions. A cellular surveillance-activated detoxification and defenses (cSADDs) pathway has been recently identified in C. elegans. The down-regulation of the components of the cSADDs pathway initiates an aversion behavior of the nematode. Here we hypothesized that CoQ regulates genes of the cSADDs pathway. To verify this we generated CoQ-deficient worms ("CoQ-free") and performed whole-genome expression profiling. We found about 30% (120 genes) of the cSADDs pathway genes were differentially regulated under CoQ-deficient condition. Remarkably, 83% of these genes were down-regulated. The majority of the CoQ-sensitive cSADDs pathway genes encode for proteins involved in larval development (enrichment score (ES) = 38.0, p = 5.0E(-37)), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, proteasome function (ES 8.2, p = 5.9E(-31)) and mitochondria function (ES 3.4, p = 1.7E(-5)). 67% (80 genes) of these genes are categorized as lethal. Thus it is shown for the first time that CoQ regulates a substantial number of essential genes that function in the evolutionary conserved cellular surveillance-activated detoxification and defenses pathway in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fischer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner Str. 5, 45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner Str. 5, 45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Niklowitz P, Scherer J, Döring F, Paulussen M, Menke T. Oxidized proportion of muscle coenzyme Q10 increases with age in healthy children. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:365-70. [PMID: 26107394 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is synthesized in most human tissues, with high concentration in the skeletal muscle. CoQ10 functions in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and serves as a potent liphophilic antioxidant in membranes. CoQ10 deficiency impairs mitochondrial ATP synthesis and increases oxidative stress. It has been suggested that plasma CoQ10 status is not a robust proxy for the diagnosis of CoQ10 deficiency. METHODS We determined the concentration and redox-status of CoQ10 in plasma and muscle tissue from 140 healthy children (0.8-15.3 y) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. RESULTS There was no correlation between CoQ10 concentration or redox status between plasma and muscle tissue. Lipid-related CoQ10 plasma concentrations showed a negative correlation with age (Spearman's, P ≤ 0.02), but there was no significant age-related correlation for muscle concentration. In muscle tissue, we found a distinct shift in the redox status in favor of the oxidized proportion with increasing age (Spearman's, P ≤ 0.00001). Reference values for muscle CoQ10 concentration (40.5 ± 12.2 pmol/mg wet tissue) and CoQ10 redox status (46.8 ± 6.8% oxidized within total) were established for healthy children. CONCLUSION The age-related redox shift in muscle tissue suggests changes in antioxidative defense during childhood. The reference values established here provide a necessary prerequisite for diagnosing early CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherer
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Paulussen
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Fischer A, Jacobs G, Lieb W, Laudes M, Menke T, Döring F. Determination of the coenzyme Q10 status in a large Caucasian study population. Biofactors 2015; 41:211-21. [PMID: 26228113 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) exists in a reduced (ubiquinol) and an oxidized (ubiquinone) form in all human tissues and functions, amongst others, in the respiratory chain, redox-cycles, and gene expression. As the status of CoQ10 is an important risk factor for several diseases, here we determined the CoQ10 status (ubiquinol, ubiquinone) in a large Caucasian study population (n = 1,911). The study population covers a wide age range (age: 18-83 years, 43.4% men), has information available on more than 10 measured clinical phenotypes, more than 30 diseases (presence vs. absence), about 30 biomarkers, and comprehensive genetic information including whole-genome SNP typing (>891,000 SNPs). The major aim of this long-term resource in CoQ10 research is the comprehensive analysis of the CoQ10 status with respect to integrated health parameters (i.e., fat metabolism, inflammation), disease-related biomarkers (i.e., liver enzymes, marker for heart failure), common diseases (i.e., neuropathy, myocardial infarction), and genetic risk in humans. Based on disease status, biomarkers, and genetic variants, our cohort is also useful to perform Mendelian randomisation approaches. In conclusion, the present study population is a promising resource to gain deeper insight into CoQ10 status in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Onur
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, 45711, Datteln, Germany
| | - Alexandra Fischer
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jacobs
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank Popgen, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Campus University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank Popgen, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Campus University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, 45711, Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, 24118, Germany
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Tokdar P, Sanakal A, Ranadive P, Khora SS, George S, Deshmukh SK. Molecular, Physiological and Phenotypic Characterization of Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 19367 Mutant Strain P-87 Producing Improved Coenzyme Q10. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:184-93. [PMID: 25805905 PMCID: PMC4363252 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a blockbuster nutraceutical molecule which is often used as an oral supplement in the supportive therapy for cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. It is commercially produced by fermentation process, hence constructing the high yielding CoQ10 producing strains is a pre-requisite for cost effective production. Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 19367, a biochemically versatile organism was selected to carry out the studies on CoQ10 yield improvement. The wild type strain was subjected to iterative rounds of mutagenesis using gamma rays and NTG, followed by selection on various inhibitors like CoQ10 structural analogues and antibiotics. The screening of mutants were carried out using cane molasses based optimized medium with feeding strategies at shake flask level. In the course of study, the mutant P-87 having marked resistance to gentamicin showed 1.25-fold improvements in specific CoQ10 content which was highest among all tested mutant strains. P-87 was phenotypically differentiated from the wild type strain on the basis of carbohydrate assimilation and FAME profile. Molecular differentiation technique based on AFLP profile showed intra specific polymorphism between wild type strain and P-87. This study demonstrated the beneficial outcome of induced mutations leading to gentamicin resistance for improvement of CoQ10 production in P. denitrificans mutant strain P-87. To investigate the cause of gentamicin resistance, rpIF gene from P-87 and wild type was sequenced. No mutations were detected on the rpIF partial sequence of P-87; hence gentamicin resistance in P-87 could not be conferred with rpIF gene. However, detecting the mutations responsible for gentamicin resistance in P-87 and correlating its role in CoQ10 overproduction is essential. Although only 1.25-fold improvement in specific CoQ10 content was achieved through mutant P-87, this mutant showed very interesting characteristic, differentiating it from its wild type parent strain P. denitrificans ATCC 19367, which are presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Tokdar
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Akshata Sanakal
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Prafull Ranadive
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Samanta Shekhar Khora
- />School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Saji George
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
| | - Sunil Kumar Deshmukh
- />Fermentation Technology-Natural Products Department, Piramal Enterprises Ltd., 1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai, 400063 India
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Arya N, Kharjul MD, Shishoo CJ, Thakare VN, Jain KS. Some molecular targets for antihyperlipidemic drug research. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:535-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Alam MA, Rahman MM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity: potential benefit and mechanism of Co-enzyme Q10 supplementation in metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:60. [PMID: 24932457 PMCID: PMC4057567 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-enzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Most cells are sensitive to co-enzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) deficiency. This deficiency has been implicated in several clinical disorders such as heart failure, hypertension, Parkinson's disease and obesity. The lipid lowering drug statin inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate and lowers plasma Co-Q10 concentrations. However, supplementation with Co-Q10 improves the pathophysiological condition of statin therapy. Recent evidence suggests that Co-Q10 supplementation may be useful for the treatment of obesity, oxidative stress and the inflammatory process in metabolic syndrome. The anti-inflammatory response and lipid metabolizing effect of Co-Q10 is probably mediated by transcriptional regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism. This paper reviews the evidence showing beneficial role of Co-Q10 supplementation and its potential mechanism of action on contributing factors of metabolic and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Alam
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Jiménez-Santos MA, Juárez-Rojop IE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Espinosa-García MT, Juárez-Oropeza MA, Ramón-Frías T, Bermúdez-Ocaña DY, Díaz-Zagoya JC. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves metabolic parameters, liver function and mitochondrial respiration in rats with high doses of atorvastatin and a cholesterol-rich diet. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:22. [PMID: 24460631 PMCID: PMC3907908 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the actions of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on rats with a cholesterol-rich diet (HD) and high doses of atorvastatin (ATV, 0.2, 0.56 or 1.42 mg/day). Methods Two experiments were done, the first one without coenzyme Q10 supplementation. On the second experiment all groups received coenzyme Q10 0.57 mg/day as supplement. After a 6-week treatment animals were sacrificed, blood and liver were analyzed and liver mitochondria were isolated and its oxygen consumption was evaluated in state 3 (phosphorylating state) and state 4 (resting state) in order to calculate the respiratory control (RC). Results HD increased serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in rats with or without CoQ10. ATV reduced these values but CoQ10 improved even more serum and liver cholesterol. Triacylglycerols (TAG) were also lower in blood and liver of rats with ATV + CoQ10. HDL-C decreased in HD rats. Treatment with ATV maintained HDL-C levels. However, these values were lower in HD + CoQ10 compared to control diet (CD) + CoQ10. RC was lessened in liver mitochondria of HD. The administration of ATV increased RC. All groups supplemented with CoQ10 showed an increment in RC. In conclusion, the combined administration of ATV and CoQ10 improved biochemical parameters, liver function and mitochondrial respiration in hypercholesterolemic rats. Conclusions Our results suggest a potential beneficial effect of CoQ10 supplementation in hypercholesterolemic rats that also receive atorvastatin. This beneficial effect of CoQ10 must be combined with statin treatment in patient with high levels of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Antonia Jiménez-Santos
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México.
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Determination of coenzyme Q10 tissue status via high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in swine tissues (Sus scrofa domestica). Anal Biochem 2013; 437:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fischer A, Onur S, Schmelzer C, Döring F. Ubiquinol decreases monocytic expression and DNA methylation of the pro-inflammatory chemokine ligand 2 gene in humans. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:540. [PMID: 23021568 PMCID: PMC3542089 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q₁₀ is an essential cofactor in the respiratory chain and serves in its reduced form, ubiquinol, as a potent antioxidant. Studies in vitro and in vivo provide evidence that ubiquinol reduces inflammatory processes via gene expression. Here we investigate the putative link between expression and DNA methylation of ubiquinol sensitive genes in monocytes obtained from human volunteers supplemented with 150 mg/ day ubiquinol for 14 days. FINDINGS Ubiquinol decreases the expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 gene (CXCL2) more than 10-fold. Bisulfite-/ MALDI-TOF-based analysis of regulatory regions of the CXCL2 gene identified six adjacent CpG islands which showed a 3.4-fold decrease of methylation status after ubiquinol supplementation. This effect seems to be rather gene specific, because ubiquinol reduced the expression of two other pro-inflammatory genes (PMAIP1, MMD) without changing the methylation pattern of the respective gene. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ubiquinol decreases monocytic expression and DNA methylation of the pro-inflammatory CXCL2 gene in humans. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN26780329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fischer
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 has emerged as a valuable molecule for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Therefore, research into producing and optimizing coenzyme Q10 via microbial fermentation is ongoing. There are two major paths being explored for maximizing production of this molecule to commercially advantageous levels. The first entails using microbes that naturally produce coenzyme Q10 as fermentation biocatalysts and optimizing the fermentation parameters in order to reach industrial levels of production. However, the natural coenzyme Q10-producing microbes tend to be intractable for industrial fermentation settings. The second path to coenzyme Q10 production being explored is to engineer Escherichia coli with the ability to biosynthesize this molecule in order to take advantage of its more favourable fermentation characteristics and the well-understood array of genetic tools available for this bacteria. Although many studies have attempted to over-produce coenzyme Q10 in E. coli through genetic engineering, production titres still remain below those of the natural coenzyme Q10-producing microorganisms. Current research is providing the knowledge needed to alleviate the bottlenecks involved in producing coenzyme Q10 from an E. coli strain platform and the fermentation parameters that could dramatically increase production titres from natural microbial producers. Synthesizing the lessons learned from both approaches may be the key towards a more cost-effective coenzyme Q10 industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne P Cluis
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, Montréal, H4B 1R6, Québec, Canada
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Schmelzer C, Kitano M, Hosoe K, Döring F. Ubiquinol affects the expression of genes involved in PPARα signalling and lipid metabolism without changes in methylation of CpG promoter islands in the liver of mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:119-26. [PMID: 22448092 PMCID: PMC3303474 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor in the respiratory chain and serves as a potent antioxidant in biological membranes. Recent studies in vitro and in vivo provide evidence that Coenzyme Q10 is involved in inflammatory processes and lipid metabolism via gene expression. To study these effects at the epigenomic level, C57BL6J mice were supplemented for one week with reduced Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol). Afterwards, gene expression signatures and DNA promoter methylation patterns of selected genes were analysed. Genome-wide transcript profiling in the liver identified 1112 up-regulated and 571 down-regulated transcripts as differentially regulated between ubiquinol-treated and control animals. Text mining and GeneOntology analysis revealed that the ”top 20” ubiquinol-regulated genes play a role in lipid metabolism and are functionally connected by the PPARα signalling pathway. With regard to the ubiquinol-induced changes in gene expression of about +3.14-fold (p≤0.05), +2.18-fold (p≤0.01), and −2.13-fold (p≤0.05) for ABCA1, ACYP1, and ACSL1 genes, respectively, hepatic DNA methylation analysis of 282 (sense orientation) and 271 (antisense) CpG units in the respective promoter islands revealed no significant effect of ubiquinol. In conclusion, ubiquinol affects the expression of genes involved in PPARα signalling and lipid metabolism without changing the promoter DNA methylation status in the liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmelzer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Dummerstorf, Germany
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Identification of bottlenecks in Escherichia coli engineered for the production of CoQ10. Metab Eng 2011; 13:733-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Schmelzer C, Döring F. Micronutrient special issue: coenzyme Q(10) requirements for DNA damage prevention. Mutat Res 2011; 733:61-8. [PMID: 21964355 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is an essential component for electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and serves as cofactor in several biological processes. The reduced form of CoQ(10) (ubiquinol, Q(10)H(2)) is an effective antioxidant in biological membranes. During the last years, particular interest has been grown on molecular effects of CoQ(10) supplementation on mechanisms related to DNA damage prevention. This review describes recent advances in our understanding about the impact of CoQ(10) on genomic stability in cells, animals and humans. With regard to several in vitro and in vivo studies, CoQ(10) provides protective effects on several markers of oxidative DNA damage and genomic stability. In comparison to the number of studies reporting preventive effects of CoQ(10) on oxidative stress biomarkers, CoQ(10) intervention studies in humans with a direct focus on markers of DNA damage are limited. Thus, more well-designed studies in healthy and disease populations with long-term follow up results are needed to substantiate the reported beneficial effects of CoQ(10) on prevention of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmelzer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Nutritional Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Severe dysfunction of respiratory chain and cholesterol metabolism in Atp7b(-/-) mice as a model for Wilson disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:1607-15. [PMID: 21920437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is caused by mutations of the WD gene ATP7B resulting in copper accumulation in different tissues. WD patients display hepatic and neurological disease with yet poorly understood pathomechanisms. Therefore, we studied age-dependent (3, 6, 47weeks) biochemical and bioenergetical changes in Atp7b(-/-) mice focusing on liver and brain. Mutant mice showed strongly elevated copper and iron levels. Age-dependently decreasing hepatic reduced glutathione levels along with increasing oxidized to reduced glutathione ratios in liver and brain of 47weeks old mice as well as elevated hepatic and cerebral superoxide dismutase activities in 3weeks old mutant mice highlighted oxidative stress in the investigated tissues. We could not find evidence that amino acid metabolism or beta-oxidation is impaired by deficiency of ATP7B. In contrast, sterol metabolism was severely dysregulated. In brains of 3week old mice cholesterol, 8-dehydrocholesterol, desmosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and lathosterol were all highly increased. These changes reversed age-dependently resulting in reduced levels of all previously increased sterol metabolites in 47weeks old mice. A similar pattern of sterol metabolite changes was found in hepatic tissue, though less pronounced. Moreover, mitochondrial energy production was severely affected. Respiratory chain complex I activity was increased in liver and brain of mutant mice, whereas complex II, III, and IV activities were reduced. In addition, aconitase activity was diminished in brains of Atp7b(-/-) mice. Summarizing, our study reveals oxidative stress along with severe dysfunction of mitochondrial energy production and of sterol metabolism in Atp7b(-/-) mice shedding new light on the pathogenesis of WD.
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