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Islam SN, Arif Z, Badar A, Moinuddin, Khan MA, Alam K. Glycoxidation of mammalian whole histone generates highly immunogenic aggregates: Sera of SLE patients contain autoantibodies against aggregates. Scand J Immunol 2024:e13389. [PMID: 38816907 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of self-proteins, causing formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), have been reported in an array of pathologies, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Such modifications may generate neo-epitopes, break immunological tolerance, and induce antibody response. In this study, we have first analysed the structural modifications of whole histone in the presence of deoxyribose followed by oxidation with hydroxyl radicals. Changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of the whole histone were determined by spectroscopic techniques and biochemical assays. Fluorescence spectroscopy and UPLC-MS showed the generation of AGEs such as carboxymethyl lysine and pentosidine, while DLS and TEM indicated the presence of amorphous AGE-aggregates. Moreover, rabbits immunized with these histone-AGEs exhibited enhanced immunogenicity and ELISA and western immunoblot of IgG antibodies from SLE patients' sera showed a significantly higher specificity towards modified histone-AGEs than the native histone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Naaz Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Asim Badar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Md Asad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
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Acceleration of protein glycation by oxidative stress and comparative role of antioxidant and protein glycation inhibitor. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 459:61-71. [PMID: 31102033 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetes causes protein glycation that leads to oxidative stress, release of cytokines, and establishment of secondary complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Several other metabolic disorders, stress, and inflammation generate free radicals and oxidative stress. It is essential to study whether oxidative stress independently enhances protein glycation leading to rapid establishment of secondary complications. Oxidative stress was experimentally induced using rotenone and Fenton reagent for in vivo and in vitro studies, respectively. Results showed significant increase in the rate of modification of BSA in the form of fructosamine and protein-bound carbonyls in the presence of fenton reagent. Circular dichroism studies revealed gross structural changes in the reduction of alpha helix structure and decreased protein surface charge was confirmed by zeta potential studies. Use of rotenone demonstrated enhanced AGE formation, ROS generation, and liver and kidney tissue glycation through fluorescence measurement. Similar findings were also observed in cell culture studies. Use of aminoguanidine, a protein glycation inhibitor, demonstrated reduction in these changes; however, a combination of aminoguanidine along with vitamin E demonstrated better amelioration. Thus, oxidative stress accelerates the process of protein glycation causing gross structural changes and tissue glycation in insulin-independent tissues. Use of antioxidants and protein glycation inhibitors in combination are more effective in preventing such changes and could be an effective therapeutic option for preventing establishment of secondary complications of diabetes.
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Perween S, Abidi M, Faizy AF, Moinuddin. Post-translational modifications on glycated plasma fibrinogen: A physicochemical insight. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:1201-1212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nalawade ML, Patil RS, Bavkar LN, Rooge SB, Haldavnekar VS, Arvindekar AU. Early metabolic changes in the gut leads to higher expression of intestinal alpha glucosidase and thereby causes enhanced postprandial spikes. Life Sci 2019; 218:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Immunochemical studies on native and glycated LDL – An approach to uncover the structural perturbations. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:287-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Palanissami G, Paul SFD. RAGE and Its Ligands: Molecular Interplay Between Glycation, Inflammation, and Hallmarks of Cancer—a Review. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:295-325. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite is a potent arginine directed glycating agent which has implications for diabetes-related complications. Dicarbonyl metabolites are produced endogenously and in a state of misbalance, they contribute to cell and tissue dysfunction through protein and DNA modifications causing dicarbonyl stress. MGO is detoxified by glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) system in the cytoplasm. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to aggravate the glycation process. Both the processes are closely linked, and their combined activity is often referred to as "glycoxidation" process. Glycoxidation of proteins has several consequences such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), aging etc. In this study, we have investigated the glycation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) using different concentrations of MGO for varied incubation time periods. The structural perturbations induced in LDL were analyzed by UV-Vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, molecular docking studies, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, FTIR, thermal denaturation studies, Thioflavin T assay and isothermal titration calorimetry. The ketoamine moieties, carbonyl content and HMF content were quantitated in native and glycated LDL. Simulation studies were also done to see the effect of MGO on the secondary structure of the protein. We report structural perturbations, increased carbonyl content, ketoamine moieties and HMF content in glycated LDL as compared to native analog (native LDL). We report the structural perturbations in LDL upon modification with MGO which could obstruct its normal physiological functions and hence contribute to disease pathogenesis and associated complications.
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Wei B, Berning K, Quan C, Zhang YT. Glycation of antibodies: Modification, methods and potential effects on biological functions. MAbs 2017; 9:586-594. [PMID: 28272973 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycation is an important protein modification that could potentially affect bioactivity and molecular stability, and glycation of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies should be well characterized. Glycated protein could undergo further degradation into advance glycation end (AGE) products. Here, we review the root cause of glycation during the manufacturing, storage and in vivo circulation of therapeutic antibodies, and the current analytical methods used to detect and characterize glycation and AGEs, including boronate affinity chromatography, charge-based methods, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and colorimetric assay. The biological effects of therapeutic protein glycation and AGEs, which ranged from no affect to loss of activity, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchuan Wei
- a Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Kelsey Berning
- a Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Cynthia Quan
- a Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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Ashe S, Nayak D, Kumari M, Nayak B. Ameliorating Effects of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Glycated End Product Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Cellular Toxicity in Osteogenic Saos-2 Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30005-30016. [PMID: 27749032 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that result from nonenzymatic glycation are one of the major factors involved in diabetes and its secondary complications and diseases. This necessitates our urge to discover new compounds that may be used as potential AGEs inhibitors without affecting the normal structure and function of biomolecules. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of AgNP (silver nanoparticles) on AGEs formation as well as their inhibitory effects on glycation mediated cell toxicity via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage. The excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to investigate the interaction of AgNP during glycation. The values of conditional stability constant (log Ka = 4.44) derived from the Stern-Volmer equation indicate that AgNP have strong binding capacity for glycated protein. UV-vis, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectral data reveal complexation of AgNP with glycated bovine serum albumin, which significantly inhibits AGEs formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytotoxic evaluations suggest that simultaneous administration of AgNP and glycated product reduces cell death (42.82% ± 3.54) as compared to the glycated product alone. Similarly, ROS production in AgNP treated cells is significantly less compared to only glycated product treated cells. Although DNA damage studies show DNA damage in both GP and GP-AgNP treated cells, fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis demonstrates that glycated products induce cell death by necrosis, while AgNP cause cell death via apoptotic pathways. AgNP have a positive effect on restoring native protein structure deduced from spectral studies, and hence, inferences can be drawn that AgNP have ameliorating effects on glycated induced cytotoxicity observed in osteogenic Saos-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Ashe
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Manisha Kumari
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bismita Nayak
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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Akhter F, Salman Khan M, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Ahmad S. Detection of Circulating Auto-Antibodies Against Ribosylated-LDL in Diabetes Patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 31. [PMID: 27561427 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzes effect of glycation on ApoB-100 residues by D-ribose as D-ribosylated-glycated LDL might be responsible for the cause of diabetes mellitus because of its far higher antigenic ability. The binding characteristics of circulating auto-antibodies in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients against native and modified LDL were assessed. METHODS T1 Diabetes (n = 43), T2 diabetes patients (n = 100) were examined by direct binding ELISA as well as inhibition ELISA, were compared with healthy age-matched controls (n = 50). RESULTS High degree of specific binding was observed by 74.42% of T1 diabetes and 45.0% of T2 diabetes patient's sera toward glycated LDL, in comparison to its native analog. Competitive inhibition ELISA reiterates the direct binding results. Furthermore, ketoamine content, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content and carbonyl content were also estimated in patient's sera healthy subjects. The increase in total serum protein carbonyl levels in the diabetes patients was largely due to an increase in oxidative stress. The increase in ketoamine as well as HMF content inpatients sera than healthy subjects is an agreement of induced glycation reaction in patients than healthy subjects. CONCLUSION D-ribosylated-LDL has resulted in structural perturbation causing generation of neo-antigenic epitopes that are better antigens for antibodies in T1 and T2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Akhter
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M Salman Khan
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Jagdale AD, Bavkar LN, More TA, Joglekar MM, Arvindekar AU. Strong inhibition of the polyol pathway diverts glucose flux to protein glycation leading to rapid establishment of secondary complications in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:398-405. [PMID: 26896333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyol pathway and protein glycation are implicated in establishing secondary complications in diabetes. Their relative contribution to the process needs to be evaluated. It is essential to understand why some aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) trials are successful while some have failed and to study their effect on protein glycation. METHODS Aldose reductase (AR) was assayed using xylose as substrate; protein glycation was evaluated using total and specific fluorescence, fructoseamine and protein bound carbonyl content (PCO) measurements. Long term studies were carried out on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for evaluation of urine parameters, tissue fluorescence. Anti-cataract action was studied by lens culture studies. RESULTS Epalrestat, a commercial ARI was also found to possess potent glycation inhibitory action. Long term experiments revealed strong protein glycation with higher concentration of citronellol (ARI) demonstrating shift in glucose flux. Treatment with epalrestat and limonene revealed improved urine parameters and tissue fluorescence. Lens culture studies revealed cataract formation at higher inhibition of AR while no lens opacity was observed at lower citronellol concentration and with limonene and epalrestat. CONCLUSION Strong inhibition of AR shifts the glucose flux to protein glycation causing damage. ARIs possessing protein glycation inhibition are more useful in amelioration of secondary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini D Jagdale
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Laxman N Bavkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanaji A More
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhav M Joglekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Akalpita U Arvindekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India.
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Ansari NA, Mir AR, Habib S, Alam K, Ali A, Khan RH. Role of early glycation Amadori products of lysine-rich proteins in the production of autoantibodies in diabetes type 2 patients. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:857-65. [PMID: 24789546 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In diabetes, protein glycation mostly occurs at intrachain lysine residues resulting in the formation of early stage Amadori products which are finally converted to advance glycation end products (AGEs). Several studies have reported autoantibodies against AGEs in diabetes but not much data are found in respect of Amadori products. In this study, poly-L-lysine (PLL) was glycated with 50 mM glucose and the resultant Amadori products were estimated by fructosamine or nitroblue tetrazolium assay. We report high content of Amadori products in PLL upon glycation. Glycated PLL showed marked hyperchromicity in the UV spectrum, ellipticity changes in CD spectroscopy, and variations in ε-methylene protons shift in NMR. It was better recognized by autoantibodies in type 2 diabetics compared to the native PLL. Induced antibodies against glycated PLL were successfully used to probe early glycation in the IgG isolated from diabetes type 2 patients. Role of Amadori products of glycated proteins in the induction of autoantibodies in type 2 diabetes as well as in associated secondary complications has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Joglekar MM, Panaskar SN, Arvindekar AU. Inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation by cymene – A common food constituent. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Studies on glycation of human low density lipoprotein: A functional insight into physico-chemical analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:167-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Joglekar MM, Panaskar SN, Chougale AD, Kulkarni MJ, Arvindekar AU. A novel mechanism for antiglycative action of limonene through stabilization of protein conformation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:2463-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb00020f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ahmad S, Moinuddin, Khan RH, Ali A. Physicochemical studies on glycation-induced structural changes in human IgG. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:151-6. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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