1
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Zhdanov VP. Global diffusion limitations during the initial phase of the formation of a protein corona around nanoparticles. J Biol Phys 2019; 45:173-181. [PMID: 30895408 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-019-09522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, I illustrate analytically how the global diffusion limitations can influence the first phase of the protein-corona formation at nanoparticles under conditions of intravascular injection. In particular, the concentrations of proteins near the boundaries of the injection region are shown to be comparable with those far from the region. In contrast, the concentrations of proteins inside the injection region may be dramatically smaller than those outside, and the ratio of these two concentrations for proteins of different size may be much higher, by a few orders of magnitude, for smaller proteins. These differences in the spatial distribution of proteins are expected to play a key role in the Vroman effect at the onset of the protein-corona formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Section of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. .,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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2
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Kiseleva RY, Glassman PM, Greineder CF, Hood ED, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR. Targeting therapeutics to endothelium: are we there yet? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:883-902. [PMID: 29282646 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells represent an important therapeutic target in many pathologies, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombosis; however, delivery of drugs to this site is often limited by the lack of specific affinity of therapeutics for these cells. Selective delivery of both small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins to the endothelium has been achieved through the use of targeting ligands, such as monoclonal antibodies, directed against endothelial cell surface markers, particularly cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Careful selection of target molecules and targeting agents allows for precise delivery to sites of inflammation, thereby maximizing therapeutic drug concentrations at the site of injury. A good understanding of the physiological and pathological determinants of drug and drug carrier pharmacokinetics and biodistribution may allow for a priori identification of optimal properties of drug carrier and targeting agent. Targeted delivery of therapeutics such as antioxidants and antithrombotic agents to the injured endothelium has shown efficacy in preclinical models, suggesting the potential for translation into clinical practice. As with all therapeutics, demonstration of both efficacy and safety are required for successful clinical implementation, which must be considered not only for the individual components (drug, targeting agent, etc.) but also for the sum of the parts (e.g., the drug delivery system), as unexpected toxicities may arise with complex delivery systems. While the use of endothelial targeting has not been translated into the clinic to date, the preclinical results summarized here suggest that there is hope for successful implementation of these agents in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Yu Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA.
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3
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Dua P, Kang S, Shin HS, Kim S, Lee DK. Cell-SELEX-Based Identification of a Human and Mouse Cross-Reactive Endothelial Cell-Internalizing Aptamer. Nucleic Acid Ther 2018; 28:262-271. [PMID: 29608400 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2017.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased interest and insights gained by researchers on the roles of endothelial cells in the pathophysiology of cancer, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases have led to the design of pharmacological interventions aimed at the endothelium lining in the diseased sites. Toward this end, we used established brain microvascular endothelial cell lines mouse (bEND3), human (hCMEC/D3), and Toggle Cell-SELEX to identify a species cross-reactive, endothelial cell-internalizing aptamer R11-3. This 2'F-modified RNA aptamer is specific for endothelial cells as no internalization was seen with cells of nonendothelial origin. R11-3 was truncated in size, and its potential in endothelial targeted therapeutics was established using VEGFR2 targeting long interfering RNA (liRNA) aptamer chimera. Due to its specificity for both mouse and human endothelial cells, we believe that this aptamer not only fits for development of endothelial targeted drug development for human diseases but is also suitable for preclinical evaluation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dua
- 1 Global Research Laboratory of RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Korea.,2 OliX Pharmaceuticals , Suwon, Korea.,3 Department of Microbiology, Goa University , Goa, India
| | - Sinae Kang
- 1 Global Research Laboratory of RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye-Soo Shin
- 1 Global Research Laboratory of RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- 4 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ki Lee
- 1 Global Research Laboratory of RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Korea.,2 OliX Pharmaceuticals , Suwon, Korea.,3 Department of Microbiology, Goa University , Goa, India
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4
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Brenner JS, Kiseleva RY, Glassman PM, Parhiz H, Greineder CF, Hood ED, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR. The new frontiers of the targeted interventions in the pulmonary vasculature: precision and safety (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217752329. [PMID: 29261028 PMCID: PMC5768280 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217752329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary vasculature plays an important role in many lung pathologies, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, primary graft dysfunction of lung transplant, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therapy for these diseases is quite limited, largely due to dose-limiting side effects of numerous drugs that have been trialed or approved. High doses of drugs targeting the pulmonary vasculature are needed due to the lack of specific affinity of therapeutic compounds to the vasculature. To overcome this problem, the field of targeted drug delivery aims to target drugs to the pulmonary endothelial cells, especially those in pathological regions. The field uses a variety of drug delivery systems (DDSs), ranging from nano-scale drug carriers, such as liposomes, to methods of conjugating drugs to affinity moieites, such as antibodies. These DDSs can deliver small molecule drugs, protein therapeutics, and imaging agents. Here we review targeted drug delivery to the pulmonary endothelium for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Cautionary notes are made of the risk–benefit ratio and safety—parameters one should keep in mind when developing a translational therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Brenner
- 1 14640 Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raisa Yu Kiseleva
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Glassman
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Vidya J, Sajitha S, Ushasree MV, Sindhu R, Binod P, Madhavan A, Pandey A. Genetic and metabolic engineering approaches for the production and delivery of L-asparaginases: An overview. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1775-1781. [PMID: 28596071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is one of the protein drugs for countering leukemia and lymphoma. A major challenge in the therapeutic potential of the enzyme is its immunogenicity, low-plasma half-life and glutaminase activity that are found to be the reasons for toxicities attributed to asparaginase therapy. For addressing these challenges, several research and developmental activities are going on throughout the world for an effective drug delivery for treatment of cancer. Hence there is an urgent need for the development of asparaginase with improved properties for efficient drug delivery. The strategies selected should be economically viable to ensure the availability of the drug at low cost. The current review addresses various strategies adopted for the production of asparaginase from different sources, approaches for increasing the therapeutic efficiency of the protein and new drug delivery systems for L-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaja Vidya
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India.
| | - Syed Sajitha
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Mrudula Vasudevan Ushasree
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Molinaro R, Boada C, Del Rosal GM, Hartman KA, Corbo C, Andrews ED, Toledano-Furman NE, Cooke JP, Tasciotti E. Vascular Inflammation: A Novel Access Route for Nanomedicine. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2017; 12:169-174. [PMID: 27826372 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-12-3-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an improved understanding of its pathophysiology and a wide range of new treatments, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a serious public health issue and the number one cause of mortality in the United States. Conditions that promote chronic systemic inflammation, such as obesity, cancer, and autoimmune and infectious diseases, are now known to play an important role in promoting CVD by inducing the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and chemokines; these in turn promote leukocyte adherence and infiltration, which initiates and spurs the progression of CVD. In response to this new understanding, researchers are evaluating the potential cardiovascular benefits of new-generation therapies based on endogenous molecules with anti-inflammatory properties. Similarly, targeted approaches that leverage the phenotypic differences between non-inflamed and inflamed endothelia have the potential to selectively deliver therapeutics and decrease the morbidity and mortality of CVD patients. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation in CVD and explore the therapeutic potential of targeting inflamed vasculature through conventional and biomimetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Boada
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | - Claudia Corbo
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Mohammadi G, Namadi E, Mikaeili A, Mohammadi P, Adibkia K. Preparation, physicochemical characterization and anti-fungal evaluation of the Nystatin-loaded Eudragit RS100/PLGA nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Manthe RL, Muro S. ICAM-1-Targeted Nanocarriers Attenuate Endothelial Release of Soluble ICAM-1, an Inflammatory Regulator. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:109-119. [PMID: 28713860 PMCID: PMC5510616 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of drug nanocarriers (NCs) to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an endothelial-surface protein overexpressed in many pathologies, has shown promise for therapeutic delivery into and across this lining. Yet, due to the role of ICAM-1 in inflammation, the effects of targeting this receptor need investigation. Since ICAM-1 binding by natural ligands (leukocyte integrins) results in release of the "soluble ICAM-1" ectodomain (sICAM-1), an inflammatory regulator, we investigated the influence of targeting ICAM-1 with NCs on this process. For this, sICAM-1 was measured by ELISA from cell-medium supernatants, after incubation of endothelial cell (EC) monolayers in the absence versus presence of anti-ICAM NCs. In the absence of NCs, ECs released sICAM-1 when treated with a pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα). This was reduced by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9 or MMP-2, yet inhibiting both did not render additive effects. Release of sICAM-1 mainly occurred at the basolateral versus apical side, and both MMP-9 and MMP-2 influenced apical release, while basolateral release depended on MMP-9. Interestingly, anti-ICAM NCs reduced sICAM-1 to a greater extent than MMP inhibition, both at the apical and basolateral sides. This effect was enhanced with time, although NCs had been removed after binding to cells, ruling out a "trapping" effect of NCs. Instead, inhibiting anti-ICAM NC endocytosis counteracted their inhibition on sICAM-1 release. Hence, anti-ICAM NCs inhibited sICAM-1 release by mobilizing ICAM-1 from the cell-surface into intracellular vesicles. Since elevated levels of sICAM-1 associate with numerous diseases, this effect represents a secondary benefit of using ICAM-1-targeted NCs for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Manthe
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
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9
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Howard M, Zern BJ, Anselmo AC, Shuvaev VV, Mitragotri S, Muzykantov V. Vascular targeting of nanocarriers: perplexing aspects of the seemingly straightforward paradigm. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4100-32. [PMID: 24787360 PMCID: PMC4046791 DOI: 10.1021/nn500136z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanomedicine holds promise to find clinical use in many medical areas. Endothelial cells that line the luminal surface of blood vessels represent a key target for treatment of inflammation, ischemia, thrombosis, stroke, and other neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and oncological conditions. In other cases, the endothelium is a barrier for tissue penetration or a victim of adverse effects. Several endothelial surface markers including peptidases (e.g., ACE, APP, and APN) and adhesion molecules (e.g., ICAM-1 and PECAM) have been identified as key targets. Binding of nanocarriers to these molecules enables drug targeting and subsequent penetration into or across the endothelium, offering therapeutic effects that are unattainable by their nontargeted counterparts. We analyze diverse aspects of endothelial nanomedicine including (i) circulation and targeting of carriers with diverse geometries, (ii) multivalent interactions of carrier with endothelium, (iii) anchoring to multiple determinants, (iv) accessibility of binding sites and cellular response to their engagement, (v) role of cell phenotype and microenvironment in targeting, (vi) optimization of targeting by lowering carrier avidity, (vii) endocytosis of multivalent carriers via molecules not implicated in internalization of their ligands, and (viii) modulation of cellular uptake and trafficking by selection of specific epitopes on the target determinant, carrier geometry, and hydrodynamic factors. Refinement of these aspects and improving our understanding of vascular biology and pathology is likely to enable the clinical translation of vascular endothelial targeting of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Howard
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Blaine J. Zern
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Abstract
Endothelial cells represent important targets for therapeutic and diagnostic interventions in many cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. Targeted delivery of drugs (especially potent and labile biotherapeutics that require specific subcellular addressing) and imaging probes to endothelium holds promise to improve management of these maladies. In order to achieve this goal, drug cargoes or their carriers including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles are chemically conjugated or fused using recombinant techniques with affinity ligands of endothelial surface molecules. Cell adhesion molecules, constitutively expressed on the endothelial surface and exposed on the surface of pathologically altered endothelium—selectins, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, and ICAM-1—represent good determinants for such a delivery. In particular, PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 meet criteria of accessibility, safety, and relevance to the (patho)physiological context of treatment of inflammation, ischemia, and thrombosis and offer a unique combination of targeting options including surface anchoring as well as intra- and transcellular targeting, modulated by parameters of the design of drug delivery system and local biological factors including flow and endothelial phenotype. This review includes analysis of these factors and examples of targeting selected classes of therapeutics showing promising results in animal studies, supporting translational potential of these interventions.
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