1
|
Brandt AC, Lingard L, Dong CS. A multi-faceted construct to guide geriatric dental education: Findings from a scoping review with consultation. Gerodontology 2024. [PMID: 38874011 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Older adults report unmet oral health care needs and barriers in access to care, due in part to provider attitudes and discomfort towards treating older patients. Our study asked: What is known from the literature about the use of undergraduate dentistry programmes to influence dental students' attitudes, perceptions and comfort towards treating geriatric patients? And how can interdisciplinary care facilitate the ability of dentists to work with geriatric patients? MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping review and stakeholder consultation followed established methodological guidelines. Four databases and two grey literature sources were searched. Two researchers independently selected articles using predefined inclusion criteria. Pertinent information was inputted into an iteratively developed extraction table. NVivo 12 was used to organise the extracted data into themes. Key findings were confirmed through stakeholder consultation. RESULTS Sixty-eight articles were included in the scoping review. Five key themes emerged: (1) Curricular targets; (2) Intervention components; (3) Dentist and patient factors; (4) The role of interdisciplinary care; and (5) Post-graduation insights on knowledge-seeking patterns. Stakeholder consultations involved 19 participants from Southwestern Ontario and generally confirmed our findings. CONCLUSIONS Inconsistent reporting of multiple intervention dimensions constrains our ability to strengthen this knowledge. Future interventions and their reporting could be improved by adopting "willingness to treat" as an overarching, multi-faceted concept which encompasses knowledge on ageing, attitudes towards older patients, perceived competence and empathy. Stakeholder interviews complemented these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C Brandt
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorelei Lingard
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Education Research & Innovation, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cecilia S Dong
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bulgarelli AF, Santos CM, Tôrres LHN, Childs CA, Souza FLR, Gehrke GH, Marchini L. What influences dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults? A scoping review. J Dent Educ 2023. [PMID: 36928643 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the literature to evaluate dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults. METHODS A scoping review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses/PRISMA guidelines to identify articles from four electronic databases: MEDLINE via the PubMed interface, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and AgeLine. Gray literature searches were also performed in Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses-Health and Medicine. RESULTS Eleven articles were assessed. The majority (72, 72%) were published between 2011 and 2020, evidencing various contexts of dental students, such as different countries and cultures, and levels of education. The most commonly used tool/instrument to survey dental students' attitudes was the Aging Semantic Differential Scale. Student age, race, and marital status did not seem to interfere with dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults. CONCLUSIONS Dental students tend to have a positive attitude toward older people. In this context, female students, students who interact with older people, and clinical students have more positive attitudes than male and nonclinical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre F Bulgarelli
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camila M Santos
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luísa H N Tôrres
- Departament of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Childs
- Hardin Library for the Health Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fernanda L R Souza
- Departament of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Hammes Gehrke
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ioannidou K, Kalyva D, Basdeki EI, Tranoulis I, Kossioni AE. Greek dental students' perceptions of treating older patients. Gerodontology 2023; 40:83-90. [PMID: 35188284 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The oral problems of the older population are largely undertreated because of various barriers, including negative perceptions and ageist stereotypes, among care providers. The aim of this study was to record the perceptions of Greek dental students of treating older patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous written questionnaire including two open-ended questions about the positive and negative issues when treating older patients was administered to clinical dental students. A content analysis was conducted to identify the main themes. RESULTS A total of 135 students responded to the questionnaire (response rate 88.23%). Five key themes were identified for the facilitating factors and six for the barriers/challenging factors. The facilitating factors of treating older people were the promotion of the patients' health and quality of life, the good interaction and communication with older patients, the dentist's intrinsic reward treating older people, the positive feedback from the patients and the improvement of professional dental competences when treating complex cases. The barriers included communication and cooperation problems, treatment challenges related to disease and disability, patients' negative beliefs about oral health, barriers to accessing dental care, complex and time-consuming treatment plans, and communication and cooperation problems with the patients' carers. CONCLUSION A range of facilitating and challenging factors influence dental students' perceptions of treating older patients. More research is necessary on the methods that will enhance their geriatric knowledge and skills, help them overcome the challenges they detected and improve their attitudes and behaviours towards treating older patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Ioannidou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daphne Kalyva
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini I Basdeki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tranoulis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassia E Kossioni
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Awareness and Attitudes of Dental Students toward Older Adults in Indonesia. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10100183. [PMID: 36285993 PMCID: PMC9600138 DOI: 10.3390/dj10100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to analyse the awareness and attitudes of dental students (DS) toward older adults (OAs) in Indonesia. Compromised oral health (OH) among OAs is a significant public health problem that is a global health burden. Furthermore, appropriate education can provide DS with information about strategic and efficient treatments for OAs. An online invitation was provided to every dental student in Indonesia in the third to sixth year of study to answer a web-based questionnaire as a part of a survey on awareness and attitudes (14 questions) towards OAs. From 1288 valid forms submitted, it was evident that most students (87%) expressed a positive attitude toward OAs. Female students showed a more positive attitude compared to males, with an odds ratio of 1.539 (p = 0.036), and students who had a connection to an older adult demonstrated a more positive attitude than those who did not (OR = 2.076; p < 0.001). The majority of the DS (98%) were conscious of the importance of geriatrics in dentistry, with female students showing more awareness than their male counterparts (OR = 2.553; p = 0.033). Positive awareness and attitudes must be accompanied by knowledge so that DS can offer appropriate and effective oral care to geriatric patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Michalopoulou E, Bornstein MM, Schimmel M, Kossioni A, Kalberer N, Marchini L, Srinivasan M. Translation and validation of an ageism scale for dental students in Switzerland. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:74-79. [PMID: 34980824 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to validate an ageism scale for dental students in Switzerland. METHODS The original scale was first translated to German and then evaluated by 14 experts for relevance; four items were eliminated. Validation of the resulting questionnaire was performed at three Swiss dental schools. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed; Cronbach's alpha (α) was used to assess the internal consistency reliability, and Pearson's coefficient to identify any correlations with demographic parameters (P < 0.05). RESULTS PCA revealed 11 items among 4 factors (Overall: 11 items, α = 0.63, variance = 56.6%; Factor #1 (F1): items = 3, α = 0.64; Factor #2 (F2): items = 3, α = 0.42; Factor #3 (F3): items = 3, α = 0.35; Factor #4 (F4): items = 2, α = 0.37). F1 and F4 were correlated with clinical experience (F1: P = 0.042; F4: P = 0.006) and participation in a gerodontology course (F1: P = 0.021; F4: P = 0.004). F1 was correlated with experience of dealing with the elderly (P = 0.031), while residence locality was correlated with F3 (P = 0.047) and F4 (P = 0.043). F2 was correlated with the presence of elderly in the family (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION The translated dental ageism questionnaire for Switzerland resulted in an 11-item scale with acceptable reliability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Michalopoulou
- Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Michael M Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern.,Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva
| | - Anastassia Kossioni
- Division of Gerodontology, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Nicole Kalberer
- Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics
| | - Murali Srinivasan
- Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clinical Pharmacists' Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Older Adults. PHARMACY 2021; 9:pharmacy9040172. [PMID: 34698246 PMCID: PMC8544685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although pharmacy literature suggests that pharmacists have a positive attitude towards older adults, there is a paucity of studies that have measured pharmacists’ knowledge or attitudes towards older people. The purpose of our study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of hospital pharmacists toward older adults. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed over two months to clinical hospital pharmacists across the province of Alberta, Canada. The survey was composed of two validated tools, the Palmore Facts of Aging Quiz (PFAQ) and Kogan’s Attitude toward Old People Scale (KOPS). PFAQ is scored from 0 (poor knowledge) to 25 (high knowledge) and KOPS from 34 to 204, with higher than 119 indicating a positive attitude. Results: A total of 153 pharmacists completed the survey (response rate of 24%). The mean age was 39 (SD 10.8) years; the average years practiced was 15 (SD 11), and the majority of respondents (n = 65) reported that >50% of patients in their practice were geriatrics. The mean correct responses on the PFAQ were 18.8 (SD 2.6). KOPS had a mean score of 156.8 (SD 14), with only one pharmacist score falling below 119, indicating a negative attitude. There was a statistically significant, positive correlation between attitudes and knowledge (r = 0.38, p < 0.05), as well as the increasing age of the respondents (r = 0.18, p = 0.03). The remaining measured categories (i.e., gender, years of pharmacy practice) had no significant effect. Conclusion: Clinical hospital pharmacists in Alberta have a positive attitude toward geriatric patients, as well as a satisfactory knowledge of older adults.
Collapse
|
7
|
Popovac A, Pficer JK, Stančić I, Vuković A, Marchini L, Kossioni A. Translation and preliminary validation of the Serbian version of an ageism scale for dental students (ASDS-Serb). SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 42:160-169. [PMID: 34582583 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The ageist attitudes among dental clinicians may result in inadequate treatment planning and reduce quality of life for older adults. This study aimed at performing a preliminary validation of an ageism scale for dental students (ASDS) in Serbia (ASDS-Serb). METHODS AND RESULTS The 27-item ASDS was translated from English into Serbian and completed by 129 dental students. Principal component analysis (PCA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity were estimated. PCA produced a 17-item scale distributed into five factors that explain 64.24% of the total variance. All items showed high to moderate reliability (0.50-0.83). CFA indicates an acceptable model fit with significant standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.14-0.99. The first factor dealt with negative views of older adults' life and dental treatment, the second factor related to ethical values about older people, the third factor compared younger and older adults in dental care and the fourth factor related to difficulties in medical history taking. The fifth factor related to perceptions of oral health and treatment of older adults. Discriminant validity revealed significant differences related to the semester of studies, gender and having older people in the family. CONCLUSION The preliminary validation of the ASDS-Serb resulted in a 17-item scale distributed into the five factors with acceptable validity and reliability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Popovac
- School of Dental Medicine, Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kuzmanovic Pficer
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Biomedical Statistics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivica Stančić
- School of Dental Medicine, Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Vuković
- School of Dental Medicine, Clinic Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Anastassia Kossioni
- Division of Gerodontology, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Muntsant A, Ramírez-Boix P, Leal-Campanario R, Alcaín FJ, Giménez-Llort L. The Spanish Intergenerational Study: Beliefs, Stereotypes, and Metacognition about Older People and Grandparents to Tackle Ageism. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6030087. [PMID: 34562988 PMCID: PMC8482193 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageism can be seen as systematic stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination of people because of their age. For a long time, society has accepted negative stereotypes as a norm. When referring to older adults, the United Nations Global Report on Ageism warns about a severe impact. The Intergenerational Study for a Healthy Aging, a questionnaire about believes, stereotypes, and knowledge about older people and grandparents, was administered to 326 Spanish biology and medical students. Here we report the results of stereotype analysis through adjective qualification of the youth and older people performed before the survey. Content analysis of two open questions about metacognition at the end of the survey is also presented. The results show that: (1) The questionnaire promoted metacognition; (2) Positive metacognition toward grandparents was higher than for the general old population; (3) Most participants were not conscious about ageism; (4) Gender was a key factor—male students were more ageist than females; (5) The feeling of guilt was higher in the questionnaire about older people; (6) The metacognition exercise elicited thoughts and, in few cases, the need to take action to tackle ageism. In conclusion, both activities promoted active thoughts about older people vs. grandparents and helped participants realize unconscious ageism—specifically toward the older population—serving as an awareness activity that may help tackle ageism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Muntsant
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (P.R.-B.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Ramírez-Boix
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (P.R.-B.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Alcaín
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (P.R.-B.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(93)-5812378
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tahani B, Manesh SS. Knowledge, attitude and practice of dentists toward providing care to the geriatric patients. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:399. [PMID: 34193078 PMCID: PMC8243576 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth loss, systemic diseases and medications add to the complexity of the oral conditions in geriatric popuation, making this age group a special group in need of specific preventive and curative oral health care. Therefore, the dental teams need to be equipped with specific knowledge and skills to provide the appropriate dental care. This study was iaimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and willingness of general dentists to provide dental care to geriatric patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 231 dentists using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice sections. The availability of the facilities for providing services to the older people in the office was also evaluated. Data were fed into SPSS-22 and analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-squared, ANOVA and correlation coefficient tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS 62.8% of the participants were women and their mean age was 34. 4±8. 1 years. The knowledge mean score was 13.3± 2.9 (out of 30). 86. 5% of the participants had moderate knowledge, and 2.6% displayed good knowledge. The mean score related to the attitudes toward geriatric was 55.8 ± 6. 1 (out of 85), which was not significantly different based on gender. The mean score of practice was 21. 4± 4.3. There was a significantly positive correlation between knowledge and attitude. Dentists with a higher knowledge score had moderately a more positive attitude towards the older people (R = 0.33, p_ value < 0.001). However, over 60% preferred to provide care to the young patients. Significant correlation was observed between their practice and attitude (R = 0. 2, P-value = 0.006). Nearly 30% of the dentists found their knowledge and experience insufficient in treating the older people with complex medical problems. 40% believed that the current dental education in dental schools did not provide adequate training in geriatric dental care. CONCLUSION Although the dentists in this study had average knowledge and capacity, they mostly displayed a positive attitude towards the old. A high percentage of them were unsatisfied with the sufficiency of geriatric dental education in dental schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Tahani
- Dental Reaserch Center, Dental Research Institute, Oral Public Health Department, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Skekoufeh Sedaghat Manesh
- Dental Students Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perception of Old Age in German Undergraduate Dental Students-A Comparison of Two Cohorts 10 Years Apart. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063279. [PMID: 33810017 PMCID: PMC8004841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that students’ willingness to provide dental services for older patients is mainly influenced by their individual perception of elders rather than their knowledge about old age. The aim of this study was to estimate students’ perception of old and young age as well as their hopes and fears associated with old age and to compare two cohorts that participated in the study 10 years apart. Data were obtained from a questionnaire completed by two cohorts of undergraduate dental students from 2006 to 2008 (T1, n = 207) and 2016 to 2018 (T2, n = 135). Participants were asked to define the ages that they consider a man or woman to be old and young. Moreover, they had to specify their fears and hopes associated with old age. Reported thresholds for old age differed significantly between T1 and T2. In contrast to T1 students, T2 students defined a person to be old at a higher age and barely differentiated between the old ages of men and women. Furthermore, T2 students presented more fears related to aging than T1 students, e.g., psychological problems or loss of independence. The perception of age appears to be a multifactorial process and significantly changed between students of T1 and T2. Fears of dental students regarding old age should be addressed in, e.g., gerodontological curricula, to foster positive experiences in interaction with older people and highlight the important and rewarding aspects of gerodontology.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dentists' Opinions in Providing Oral Healthcare to Elderly People: A Questionnaire-Based Online Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063257. [PMID: 33809850 PMCID: PMC8004201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the factors in dentists' opinions related to oral health and the treatment management of the elderly. An online questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the dentist population (n = 463). Respondents were divided depending on whether they attended the geriatric dentistry course during their education, and 15 questions on the Likert scale demonstrated the difference in their attitudes. The majority of respondents (61.9%) agree that dental studies should pay more attention to acquiring sufficient knowledge and skills in the treatment of the elderly, and 56.2% would like to attend a course on that subject. Compared to those who participated in the geriatric dentistry course, those who did not consider providing oral healthcare to older people find it more difficult because of its complexity and practical obstacles (37.3% vs. 54%, p ≤ 0.001). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there are differences in opinion about the provision of oral healthcare to the elderly between dentists who have and who have not attended a geriatric dentist course during their education. During the dentist's education, geriatric dentistry courses should have a significant role in providing knowledge for working with the elderly population.
Collapse
|
12
|
Determinants of Ageism against Older Adults: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072560. [PMID: 32276489 PMCID: PMC7178234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ageism is a widespread phenomenon and constitutes a significant threat to older people's well-being. Identifying the factors contributing to ageism is critical to inform policies that minimise its societal impact. In this systematic review, we gathered and summarised empirical studies exploring the key determinants of ageism against older people for a period of over forty years (1970-2017). A comprehensive search using fourteen databases identified all published records related to the umbrella concept of "ageism". Reviewers independently screened the final pool to identify all papers focusing on determinants, according to a predefined list of inclusion and exclusion criteria. All relevant information was extracted and summarised following a narrative synthesis approach. A total of 199 papers were included in this review. We identified a total of 14 determinants as robustly associated with ageism. Of these, 13 have an effect on other-directed ageism, and one on self-directed ageism. The quality of contact with older people and the positive or negative presentation of older people to others emerged as the most robust determinants of other-directed ageism; self-directed ageism is mostly determined by older adults' health status. Given the correlational nature of most studies included in this review, inferences on causality should be made cautiously.
Collapse
|
13
|
Noushi N, Enriquez N, Esfandiari S. A scoping review on social justice education in current undergraduate dental curricula. J Dent Educ 2020; 84:593-606. [PMID: 31971630 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent shift in educational components within healthcare has pushed dentistry toward a greater understanding of the role of social components on oral health. There has also been an increased awareness of inappropriate conduct among dental students. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A scoping review was conducted to determine if, how, and when social-justice-oriented education has been incorporated into dental curricula worldwide. A systematic and reiterative search of articles was performed on February 22, 2018, and combined quantitative and qualitative synthesis of data. An updated search was done on September 26, 2019. PRIMARY RESULTS Seventy-three studies were evaluated: 46 quantitative (63%), 24 qualitative (33%), 3 multimethods (4%). The majority used self-reported surveys and questionnaires (66%), while the remaining used interviews (9.5%), student reflections (16%) and focus groups (5.5%). Studies included dental students only (78%); dental students with dental hygiene students (5.5%) or faculty/staff (4.1%); dental students in year 1 (17%), year 2 (1.6%), year 3 (1.6%), year 4 (14.2%); first- and second-year students (3%); third- and fourth-year students (1.6%); all years of study (20%); and academic year not specified (41%). The study areas included "learning in dental school," "experiencing dental school," "focusing on cultural competency," and "addressing dental ethics and social responsibility." PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS Three major research gaps were identified: no discussion of a social contract between dentists and society, no explicit social justice-oriented topics within undergraduate dental curricula, and no standardized tool to measure these topics. Further research is necessary to understand how such topics can be included in dental curricula to form socially competent dentists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nioushah Noushi
- Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Education at McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Henríquez F, Retamal N, Silva F, Morales C. Attitudes towards ageing of Speech-language Pathology students in a Chilean University. Codas 2019; 32:e20190010. [PMID: 31859819 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20192019010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Describe the attitudes towards ageing of senior undergraduate Speech-language Pathology students in a Chilean University. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study in which the validated Spanish version of the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale (KAOP) was applied to 43 students in the aforementioned course. The average scores were compared for the variables gender and interaction with the elderly. RESULTS A trend towards a positive attitude was observed. No differences were found for the variables described. An analysis was carried out with the items in which trends towards negative attitude were reported, and the implications were discussed. CONCLUSION Although a positive attitude was reported, aspects of student academic training should be more comprehensively studied with a view to improving the quality of assistance provided to the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Henríquez
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco - Temuco, Chile
| | - Natalia Retamal
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco - Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernanda Silva
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco - Temuco, Chile
| | - Camilo Morales
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco - Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kossioni AE, Ioannidou K, Kalyva D, Marchini L, Hartshorn J, Kaufman L, Smith B, Barlow PB. Translation and validation of the Greek version of an ageism scale for dental students (ASDS_Gr). Gerodontology 2019; 36:251-257. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia E. Kossioni
- Division of Gerodontology Department of Prosthodontics Dental School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Kyriaki Ioannidou
- Dental School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Daphne Kalyva
- Dental School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics Iowa City Iowa
| | - Jennifer Hartshorn
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics Iowa City Iowa
| | - Laura Kaufman
- Department of General Dentistry Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine Boston Massachusetts
| | - Becky Smith
- Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences University of Missouri‐Kansas City School of Dentistry Kansas City Missouri
| | - Patrick B. Barlow
- Department of Internal Medicine The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jackson J, Clark A, Pearse L, Miller EA, Stanfield H, Cunningham CJ. Explaining Student Interest and Confidence in Providing Care for Older Adults: The Role of Demographics and Life Experiences. J Gerontol Nurs 2017; 43:13-18. [DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20160901-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Waldrop D, Nochajski T, Davis EL, Fabiano J, Goldberg L. Empathy in Dentistry: How Attitudes and Interaction With Older Adults Make a Difference. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2016; 37:359-380. [PMID: 25495912 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2014.993065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of empathy and positive attitudes are essential elements of professional education. This study explored the nature of empathy and its association with attitudes about, and exposure to older patients in a sample of dental students. Students completed an adapted version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD) and answered questions about their exposure to older people. Factor analysis was used to identify four factors: (1) Empathy is Valuable, (2) Empathy is Demonstrated, (3) Empathy is not Influential, and (4) Empathy is Difficult to Accomplish. Higher empathy scores were related to the ASD subscale attitude of acceptability of aging and to greater exposure to older adults outside of clinical practice. There were no demographic predictors of higher empathy scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Waldrop
- a School of Social Work , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Thomas Nochajski
- a School of Social Work , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Elaine L Davis
- b School of Dental Medicine , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | | | - Louis Goldberg
- b School of Dental Medicine , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
van Leeuwen E, Oosterhuis M, Ruyter S. Anxiety and categorisation effects in student nurses' attitudes towards young and older patients: A dual pathway model. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2016; 39:170-175. [PMID: 27006052 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student nurses often have a negative attitude towards older patients due to negative stereotypes, which may explain their reluctance to work in geriatric care. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate a dual effect (direct and indirect via anxiety) of patients' age on student nurses' attitudes towards their patients. DESIGN Quantitative survey study with 2 between-subjects conditions (patient age: young patients vs. older patients; both n's=52). SETTING Two schools for higher vocational education in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 104 student nurses between the ages of 16-30 in the third or fourth year of their nursing education (Mage=21.58, SD=2.22; 93 women). RESULTS Attitudes towards older patients were more negative than those towards young patients. Older patients also elicited less anxiety compared to young patients, and anxiety had a weaker relationship with attitudes towards older patients than attitudes towards younger patients. Attitudes towards younger patients, but not towards older patients, were depressed by anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Older patients generate more negative attitudes among student nurses, but can also improve attitudes indirectly by lowering intergroup anxiety. Older people may be therefore be especially suitable as a patient group to receive care from young nurses in training, who can mature in their profession without being anxious over making a wrong impression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther van Leeuwen
- Department of Social and Organisational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - Misha Oosterhuis
- Department of Social and Organisational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie Ruyter
- Department of Social and Organisational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aguayo C, Nass L. Estereotipos sociales como amenaza a la inserción de adultos mayores. Revisión narrativa. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2013.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
20
|
Gavaza P, Hodges E, Adkins D. Investigating pharmacy students' attitudes toward nursing facility patients after a geriatric rotation. THE CONSULTANT PHARMACIST : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CONSULTANT PHARMACISTS 2013; 28:502-8. [PMID: 23906894 DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2013.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate pharmacy students' attitudes toward nursing facility patients and nursing facilities after completing a geriatric rotation. DESIGN A cross-sectional post-test 20-item survey. SETTING An academic institution and two nursing facilities. PARTICIPANTS Nursing facility patients and second-year Appalachian College of Pharmacy students. INTERVENTIONS Students in Early Pharmacy Practice Experience 2 geriatric course. OUTCOME MEASURES Students' attitudes toward nursing facility patients and nursing facilities (14 items). RESULTS Of 138 students, 91.4% completed the survey following their geriatric rotation. Most students had positive attitudes toward nursing facility patients and nursing facilities on all 14 items. For example, students thought, "most older people are pleasant to be with" (mean = 3.88 ± 1.1). About 98% of students had adequate knowledge of geriatrics. Age, gender, marital status, and relationship with grandparents were not associated with students' attitudes (P ≯ 0.05). CONCLUSION Pharmacy students had positive attitudes toward elderly patients and nursing facilities and adequate knowledge of geriatrics after completing the geriatric rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gavaza
- Appalachian College of Pharmacy, Oakwood, VA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
León S, Correa-Beltrán G, Giacaman RA. Negative ageing stereotypes in students and faculty members from three health science schools. Gerodontology 2013; 32:141-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya León
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation; University of Talca; Talca Chile
- Healthy Aging Interdisciplinary Program (PIEI-ES); University of Talca; Talca Chile
| | - Gloria Correa-Beltrán
- Healthy Aging Interdisciplinary Program (PIEI-ES); University of Talca; Talca Chile
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics; University of Talca; Talca Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Giacaman
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation; University of Talca; Talca Chile
- Healthy Aging Interdisciplinary Program (PIEI-ES); University of Talca; Talca Chile
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the development of the Geriatric Dental and Special Needs Education programme at the University of Iowa over the last 30 years. BACKGROUND The programme at Iowa evolved from a didactic elective programme taught by a single faculty person to a required didactic and clinical programme, which includes a Special Care Clinic in the dental school and a mobile unit with portable dental equipment which serves ten area nursing homes with comprehensive care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Changes have been made in the programme over time based on formal and informal feedback from students and graduates, and we have also looked at the impact of the programme on dental services to our target population. RESULTS The factors influencing the curriculum development are identified and discussed. CONCLUSION As no dental schools are the same, some general applications are suggested from the Iowa experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Ettinger
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brown CA, Kother DJ, Wielandt TM. A critical review of interventions addressing ageist attitudes in healthcare professional education. The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2012; 78:282-93. [PMID: 22338295 DOI: 10.2182/cjot.2011.78.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the population ages, the demand for health care services will increase. Evidence suggests that the pervasive negative societal beliefs regarding aging and older persons are also found among occupational therapy students and practitioners. These attitudes can negatively affect healthcare service provision. PURPOSE To determine the strength of the evidence regarding educational interventions used to modify ageist values and beliefs of health care professionals. METHODS A critical review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate methodological quality of relevant outcome studies. FINDINGS . Of the fifteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria one was rated as "strong" evidence, and the remainder lacked methodological rigour. Such results make it difficult to decide the usefulness of including educational interventions in health care curricula to negate ageism. IMPLICATIONS Research specific to occupational therapy is required as our unique frames of reference and theoretical models to guide practice may preclude generalizability of research from other professional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cary A Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kaf WA, Barboa LS, Fisher BJ, Snavely LA. Effect of Interdisciplinary Service Learning Experience for Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Students Working With Adults With Dementia. Am J Audiol 2011; 20:S241-9. [DOI: 10.1044/1059-0889(2011/10-0025)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
An interdisciplinary service learning (SL) experience with audiology and speech-language pathology students was designed to examine changes in students’ attitudes toward adults with dementia following an SL experience in which they socialized with nursing home residents who had dementia.
Method
Nineteen audiology and 24 speech-language pathology students completed an SL course, and 14 audiology and 18 speech-language pathology students did not participate in the SL course. The students interacted with 24 nursing home residents with dementia; specifically, the audiology students conducted 2 hearing evaluations with the residents, and the speech-language pathology students socialized with the residents during 15 visits. The students’ attitudes toward older adults with dementia were assessed using Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale (Kogan, 1961) and qualitative analysis of their journal entries. The results were compared across groups over time.
Results
The SL groups showed more positive attitudes than the non-SL students, and their later journal entries were more positive than earlier entries.
Conclusions
This SL experience provided clinical opportunities for audiology and speech-language pathology students to work with adults with dementia. Direct contact with the residents resulted in more positive attitudes toward older adults in residential facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lydia A. Snavely
- Peoplefirst Rehabilitation, Table Rock Health Care Center, Kimberling, MO
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nochajski TH, Davis EL, Waldrop DP, Fabiano JA, Goldberg LJ. Dental Students’ Attitudes About Older Adults: Do Type and Amount of Contact Make a Difference? J Dent Educ 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2011.75.10.tb05178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Moreira AN, Rocha ES, Popoff DAV, Vilaça EL, Castilho LS, de Magalhães CS. Knowledge and attitudes of dentists regarding ageing and the elderly. Gerodontology 2011; 29:e624-31. [PMID: 21883420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to identify the knowledge and attitudes of dentists regarding ageing and the elderly. BACKGROUND As the population ages, there is a greater demand for differentiated care from health professionals. However, the treatment needs of the elderly population are not sufficiently addressed, particularly in developing countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS An official list of all dentists registered in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, was obtained from the Regional Dentistry Council. A questionnaire was delivered to 276 randomly selected dentists; the survey contained questions designed to characterise the sample and identify dentists' conduct towards elderly patients. A Likert scale was used to identify knowledge regarding care for the elderly and attitudes towards ageing. RESULTS Women demonstrated more positive attitudes towards the elderly. Graduates who worked in the public sector demonstrated a greater knowledge of geriatric dentistry (p < 0.05). Attending specific continuing education courses had no influence over the dentists' willingness to treat the elderly population. Significant associations were not found between attitudes and knowledge regarding the elderly. CONCLUSION Dentists who worked in the public sector demonstrated a greater knowledge regarding the elderly. This knowledge did not influence attitudes towards ageing. Women demonstrated a more positive attitude regarding ageing and dental care.
Collapse
|
27
|
Anehosur GV, Nadiger RK. Evaluation of understanding levels of Indian dental students' knowledge and perceptions regarding older adults. Gerodontology 2010; 29:e1215-21. [PMID: 20825498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of older people and decreasing rates of edentulism highlight the importance of dental education that focuses on oral health and ageing. Our evaluation study was carried out to assess the Indian dental graduate's geriatric knowledge, as well as their awareness, of the bio-psychosocial factors that are potential barriers to geriatric oral health care. A total of 98 students were evaluated during their rotational clinical posting in the fifth year of the dental education programme. The results suggest that general attitudes need to be changed by the inclusion of geriatric dentistry in the dental curriculum. Exposure of students to didactic and clinical setting appears to be a critical element towards positive knowledge and attitude of the elderly.
Collapse
|