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Meyer LM, Lehmann T, Schüler IM. Child abuse and neglect: A comparative study between dental and medical students' competencies in Germany. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:302-312. [PMID: 37661599 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite children's right to a non-violent upbringing, they become daily victims of violence. Physical violence concerns mostly the head-especially the orofacial area. Therefore, dentists and paediatricians should be able to suspect possible abuse and to initiate child protection. This study aimed to record and compare the training situation and competencies of dental and medical students at Jena University Hospital regarding child abuse and neglect (CAN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a three-part questionnaire about CAN, 123 medical and 77 dental students were surveyed anonymously after completing all courses on the topic. The question sets included as follows: (1) educational experiences, training content and satisfaction; (2) current knowledge regarding diagnostic, management and legal concerns; (3) self-evaluation, needs of further education and wishes. Reliability of the questionnaire was tested with kappa-statistics and assessed as good. RESULTS Dental and medical students' overall satisfaction with CAN-related training is low. Although medical students had more knowledge on CAN, all participants showed large deficits. Better diagnostic than management skills were reported in both groups. Only 1.3% dental and 16.3% medical students felt adequately prepared to deal with CAN. 7% of all study participants stated that they can report CAN without any help. 87.0% of medical and 79.2% of dental students expressed a desire for further education. To improve their knowledge, both courses prefer seminars, followed by expert talks, lectures and simulation-based training (SkillsLab). CONCLUSION Dental and medical students are inadequately prepared to suspect possible abuse and to deal with possible signs of CAN. Mandatory interdisciplinary courses and lectures addressing CAN are recommendable for both medical and dental curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Meyer
- Department of Orthodontics, Section of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Manuela Schüler
- Department of Orthodontics, Section of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Arroyo-Bote S, Martínez-Arroyo C, Gallego-Álvarez MÁ, Arroyo-Bote C, Manzanares-Céspedes MC. Interpersonal violence education: An analysis of the Spanish oral health school's curricula and future requirements. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022. [PMID: 35908192 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interpersonal violence results in injuries that frequently affect oral, head and neck structures, the treatment of which must be carried out by Oral health practitioners with sufficient training to detect the problem and manage the victim's lesions and need for referral. The objective of this study is to know the academic preparation that Spanish dentistry students receive in learning outcomes related to interpersonal violence during undergraduate academic training. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey was conducted through an online form with 9 questions (Survey Monkey platform). The link was sent by email to the deans of the 23 Spanish universities (public and private) offering dentistry degrees. The analysis of the results was carried out using Fisher's test and a chi-squared test. RESULTS 95.63% of the deans (n = 22) responded. 85.7% of the universities report to carry on training in violence, according with Spanish legislation. Currently 33.3% dedicate less than 5 h to this training, whereas in the future study plans only 19% would dedicate less than 5 h to these learning outcomes. 85.7% of the respondents agree in consider this training as mandatory. The subjects in which learning outcomes on interpersonal violence were reported to be included were: legal and forensic dentistry (78%), psychology (55%), medical ethics (33.3%), paediatric dentistry (39%), surgery (5.5%) and 22% respondents cited other specialties. In future curricula, the competence areas in which such training is proposed to be imparted are: legal and forensic dentistry (80.9%), psychology and medical ethics (57.1%), paediatric dentistry (38.1%), surgery (14.2%) and in 23.8% also in other specialties. Significant differences were found between public and private universities only in the number of hours that would be dedicated to interpersonal violence learning outcomes in the future. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal violence encompasses situations of abuse and neglect inflicted to different patients (women, children, elderly) that are perceived both by Oral Health students and practitioners to require a comprehensive training. Most of the respondent deans consider that in the future curricula both the hours and areas that teach interpersonal violence learning outcomes must be increased. To respond to victim's need for help and care, the future requirements for the Oral health workforce education must encompass interprofessional undergraduate as well as postgraduate training in interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiana Arroyo-Bote
- ADEMA University School, Balearic Islands University, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Martínez-Arroyo
- Public law, Master in Ethics and Organizations, Theory and Philosophy of Law, Pompeu i Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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Duman C, Al-Batayneh OB, Ahmad S, Durward CS, Kobylińska A, Vieira AR, Tredoux S, Okutan AE, Egil E, Kalaoglu EE, Sirinoglu Capan B, Aksit Bicak D, Zafar S. Self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and practice of final-year dental students in relation to child abuse: A multi-centre study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:801-809. [PMID: 33730406 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of child abuse cases is increasing worldwide; therefore, it is important to educate individuals having contact with children about it. This includes dentists who play a pivotal role in detecting and reporting child abuse. AIM To identify and compare the final- year dental student's knowledge, attitudes, and practice in relation to child abuse. DESIGN A 38- item and four- part online questionnaire was distributed to students of 11 dental schools in 10 countries. SPSS and GraphPad Prism were used for data analysis. The levels of statistical significance were determined using a chi- square test. P ≤ .05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 660 students completed the survey. Fifty- six percent of the students received formal training on child abuse, and 86% wanted additional training. The knowledge of child abuse was significantly higher in Australia, the United States, and Jordan compared with other countries. Internet (60.3%) was commonly used as an information source for child abuse. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that dental students lack knowledge and experience in recognizing and reporting child abuse. Most respondents indicated a desire for additional training; therefore, dental schools should review what they are currently teaching and make changes as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Duman
- School of Dentistry, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Callum S Durward
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Angelika Kobylińska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheree Tredoux
- Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Alev Eda Okutan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Edibe Egil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ece Kalaoglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Damla Aksit Bicak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Sobia Zafar
- Discipline Lead Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Child physical abuse: knowledge of dental students in Hamburg, Germany. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:1057-1065. [PMID: 34657276 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed at evaluating the levels of knowledge of child abuse among students attending the School of Dental and Oral Medicine at the University of Hamburg- Eppendorf, Germany. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered and structured questionnaire, consisting of 23 multiple-choice questions; the questionnaire focused on rating the students' knowledge of and ability to diagnose child abuse. Each question was analysed with simple descriptive statistics. RESULTS The students (181) were aware of their legal and ethical responsibilities towards the children and their parents. More than two-thirds (69.6%) responded positively when asked whether a dentist should be legally responsible to report cases of child abuse brought to their attention. The majority of the students (96.1%) agreed that dentists had an ethical duty to report such cases. However, the students were unable to define or describe the signs, symptoms, and social indicators of child abuse. Approximately 93.4% of the students lacked basic training related to child abuse, while 95.7% of them indicated that there was insufficient training in issues related to child abuse. CONCLUSIONS There is a general lack of information regarding child abuse among dentistry students. The majority of the students showed interest in the topic of child abuse and neglect, but were unable to clearly identify the signs and symptoms. More lectures and workshops relating to child abuse should be available to all dentists to reinforce their knowledge as well as to strengthen their confidence when confronted with suspected cases of child abuse.
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Knowledge Levels and Educational Experiences among Dental Graduates in Saudi Arabia Regarding Child Abuse and Neglect: A National Study. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8090724. [PMID: 34572156 PMCID: PMC8464775 DOI: 10.3390/children8090724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is considered a serious problem worldwide. Dentists have a significant role in recognizing and reporting CAN cases. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the CAN-related knowledge and educational experiences among Saudi dental graduates. Design: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to dental graduates from all dental schools in Saudi Arabia (n = 1552). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between knowledge level and different predictors. Results: A total of 988 dental graduates completed the questionnaire. The majority of them were dissatisfied with the amount of education they had received in their school (56.4%). Around 60% of the participants had inadequate knowledge regarding CAN. Graduates from government schools who received dental education about CAN and female participants had significantly higher odds of having adequate knowledge scores than others (odds ratio = 2.0, 3.1, and 1.7, respectively). Only 39.5% of the participants felt confident in their ability to identify CAN cases, and only 9.7% knew how to report such cases. Conclusions: Graduate dental students have insufficient knowledge about CAN. More time should be dedicated to educating students about this important topic in dental curricula.
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Mahmoud S, Abd Al Gawad R. Knowledge, attitude, and experience of master degree dental students toward child physical abuse in Egypt: A cross-sectional study. J Int Oral Health 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_138_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Hazar Bodrumlu E, Avşar A, Arslan S. Assessment of knowledge and attitudes of dental students in regard to child abuse in Turkey. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2018; 22:40-46. [PMID: 27735105 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Child abuse is a serious public problem. Signs of abuse are often present in the oro-facial region and dentists are in a strategic position to recognise and report suspected cases. The aim of this study was to investigate dental students' knowledge about and attitudes towards child abuse. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was performed at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Ondokuz Mayis University. The data were collected through a self-report questionnaire administered to dental students (137 female/111 male) in three different dental classes (third, fourth and fifth study years) and grouped by considering those students who have been training in the school year of 2013. The definition of physical and social indicators of abuse, awareness regarding legal and ethical responsibilities, students' experience and requests made by students were evaluated by the students' response to questions put in the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed to analyse the questionnaire data. RESULTS The questionnaire completion rate was 100%. About 67.74% of the third year, 40.71% of the fourth year and 16.67% of the fifth year believed that they could detect child abuse cases. However, results indicated a major lack of knowledge of social indicators, signs of physical abuse and reporting procedure amongst all respondents. The assessment of the total correct answers exhibited significant differences amongst third-, fourth- and fifth-year students' answers. Fifth-year students had the highest rate of correct responses (P < 0.05). Most students wanted to receive more knowledge about this topic. CONCLUSION Dental students in Turkey are not sufficiently prepared for their role in diagnosing suspected cases of child abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hazar Bodrumlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - A Avşar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - S Arslan
- Department of Biometry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Are dental students well-equipped to deal with difficult communication situations? Br Dent J 2018; 224:163-168. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mogaddam M, Kamal I, Merdad L, Alamoudi N. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of dentists regarding child physical abuse in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 54:43-56. [PMID: 26990176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A large proportion of child physical abuse cases go undocumented and unreported. Dentists can play an important role in identifying and reporting these cases, but little has been reported about this issue in Saudi Arabia. The aims of the study were to (1) assess dentists' knowledge of child physical abuse, (2) assess dentists' attitudes towards child physical abuse, and (3) assess the behaviors of dentists in identifying and reporting child physical abuse. A cross-sectional survey of pediatric dentists, pediatric dentistry residents, and dental interns practicing at all of the dental schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia was conducted using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The participants in current study demonstrated insufficient knowledge of the signs and symptoms of child physical abuse, actions that should be taken in suspected cases, circumstances in which to report such cases, and the legal authorities to which they should be reported. The attitudes of participants towards detecting and reporting cases were generally positive. Only 11% of the participants had suspected a case of child abuse, and only 3% of them reported it. Lack of knowledge about referral procedures and fear of anger from family members were the main causes of underreporting. In conclusion, this study showed that dentists have insufficient knowledge about child physical abuse but positive attitudes towards their role in detecting and reporting it. This topic should be covered and emphasized in dental schools' curricula, and healthcare and academic institutes must have a clear protocol to be followed if a case of abuse is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaad Mogaddam
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Iman Kamal
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Medicine, AlAzhar University, Egypt
| | - Leena Merdad
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Alamoudi
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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Cukovic-Bagic I, Dumancic J, Kujundzic Tiljak M, Drvaric I, Boric B, Kopic V, Krupic I, Bakarcic D, Budimir M, Welbury RR. Croatian dentists' knowledge, experience, and attitudes in regard to child abuse and neglect. Int J Paediatr Dent 2015; 25:444-50. [PMID: 25512027 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a widespread social phenomenon encompassing all forms of maltreatment with serious lifelong consequences. Dentists and dental team members are in the unique position to identify the symptoms of CAN often visible in craniofacial region. AIM To evaluate Croatian dentists' level of knowledge, experience, and attitude towards CAN issue. DESIGN Investigation was conducted in five major Croatian cities (Zagreb, Varaždin, Osijek, Rijeka, and Split). A previously used questionnaire regarding knowledge and experience in child protection was adopted to Croatian terminology and distributed to 544 dentists. RESULTS A total of 510 dentists who returned a questionnaire with valid data 26.27% reported to have had suspicion of CAN during professional career and 5.1% reported their suspicion within the last 6 months, mostly to social services and police. Fear of violence towards the child and uncertainty about observations were the most frequently reported barriers towards referring and only 11.4% knew the procedure. About 80% of respondents want further training in identifying and reporting of physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS Study showed a lack of knowledge and uncertainty in recognizing and reporting CAN cases in Croatian dentists. They expressed the need for undergraduate and post-graduate continuing education on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cukovic-Bagic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Dumancic
- Department of Dental Anthropology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Kujundzic Tiljak
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health "Andrija Štampar", School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | - Danko Bakarcic
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Richard R Welbury
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, UK
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Raja S, Rajagopalan CF, Kruthoff M, Kuperschmidt A, Chang P, Hoersch M. Teaching Dental Students to Interact with Survivors of Traumatic Events: Development of a Two-Day Module. J Dent Educ 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2015.79.1.tb05856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheela Raja
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | | | | | - Priscilla Chang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; College of Dentistry; University of Illinois at Chicago
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Ramazani N. Child dental neglect: a short review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2014; 3:e21861. [PMID: 25741483 PMCID: PMC4331660 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Context: Child dental neglect is a terrible tragedy with a high prevalence. Dealing with this issue is important regarding psychological and physical health policies. The current review was conducted to provide health professionals insight into the different aspects of child dental neglect as reported in previous literature. Evidence Acquisition: Our review was prepared through an electronic search using Pub Med, Science Direct, Medline, Google, Cochran Library, Google Scholar and EMBASE databases. Relevant papers published since 2000 until now in English, discussing child dental neglect were retrieved. Both original and review papers were included. Eligible articles were fully read by the author. A data form was used to record useful findings. Results: Distinguishing the direct and indirect signs of dental neglect is the first step for improvement of this matter. The dental team are the main professionals who can improve parental knowledge about the consequences of child dental neglect. Victims suffer from short and long-term adverse outcomes. Collaborative attempts need to be made by different health professionals to deal with this problem. Conclusions: Child dental neglect has many long-term impacts. The main professionals who are responsible for identification, intervention and treatment of child dental neglect are dental practitioners. However, other professionals cannot ignore this task. Finally, child dental neglect, despite its derivative outcomes, may be a presentation of a broader maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ramazani
- Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Nahid Ramazani, Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5412423218, +98-9155009085, Fax: +98-5412414003, E-mail:
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