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Hawk CS, Coelho C, Oliveira DSLD, Paredes V, Albuquerque P, Bocca AL, Correa Dos Santos A, Rusakova V, Holemon H, Silva-Pereira I, Felipe MSS, Yagita H, Nicola AM, Casadevall A. Integrin β1 Promotes the Interaction of Murine IgG3 with Effector Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:2782-2794. [PMID: 30894426 PMCID: PMC6759214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abs exert several of their effector functions by binding to cell surface receptors. For murine IgG3 (mIgG3), the identity of its receptors (and the very existence of a receptor) is still under debate, as not all mIgG3 functions can be explained by interaction with FcγRI. This implies the existence of an alternate receptor, whose identity we sought to pinpoint. We found that blockage of integrin β1 selectively hampered binding of mIgG3 to macrophages and mIgG3-mediated phagocytosis. Manganese, an integrin activator, increased mIgG3 binding to macrophages. Blockage of FcγRI or Itgb1 inhibited binding of different mIgG3 Abs to variable extents. Our results are consistent with the notion that Itgb1 functions as part of an IgG receptor complex. Given the more ancient origin of integrins in comparison with FcγR, this observation could have far-ranging implications for our understanding of the evolution of Ab-mediated immunity as well as in immunity to microorganisms, pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and Ab engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Saylor Hawk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Carolina Coelho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | - Verenice Paredes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
- Karan Technologies Research and Development, Brasília, DF 70632-200, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ildinete Silva-Pereira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Sueli Soares Felipe
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil; and
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - André Moraes Nicola
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205;
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2
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Zhang Y, Dominguez-Medina C, Cumley NJ, Heath JN, Essex SJ, Bobat S, Schager A, Goodall M, Kracker S, Buckley CD, May RC, Kingsley RA, MacLennan CA, López-Macías C, Cunningham AF, Toellner KM. IgG1 Is Required for Optimal Protection after Immunization with the Purified Porin OmpD from Salmonella Typhimurium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:4103-4109. [PMID: 29127147 PMCID: PMC5713499 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In mice, the IgG subclass induced after Ag encounter can reflect the nature of the Ag. Th2 Ags such as alum-precipitated proteins and helminths induce IgG1, whereas Th1 Ags, such as Salmonella Typhimurium, predominantly induce IgG2a. The contribution of different IgG isotypes to protection against bacteria such as S. Typhimurium is unclear, although as IgG2a is induced by natural infection, it is assumed this isotype is important. Previously, we have shown that purified S. Typhimurium porins including outer membrane protein OmpD, which induce both IgG1 and IgG2a in mice, provide protection to S. Typhimurium infection via Ab. In this study we report the unexpected finding that mice lacking IgG1, but not IgG2a, are substantially less protected after porin immunization than wild-type controls. IgG1-deficient mice produce more porin-specific IgG2a, resulting in total IgG levels that are similar to wild-type mice. The decreased protection in IgG1-deficient mice correlates with less efficient bacterial opsonization and uptake by macrophages, and this reflects the low binding of outer membrane protein OmpD–specific IgG2a to the bacterial surface. Thus, the Th2-associated isotype IgG1 can play a role in protection against Th1-associated organisms such as S. Typhimurium. Therefore, individual IgG subclasses to a single Ag can provide different levels of protection and the IgG isotype induced may need to be a consideration when designing vaccines and immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Coral Dominguez-Medina
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Cumley
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer N Heath
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Essex
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Saeeda Bobat
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Schager
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Kracker
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robin C May
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Calman A MacLennan
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre Siglo XXI, Mexican Social Security Institute, 06720 México, DF, Mexico; and
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; .,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
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3
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Mancia A, Romano TA, Gefroh HA, Chapman RW, Middleton DL, Warr GW, Lundqvist ML. The Immunoglobulin G Heavy Chain (IGHG) genes of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 144:38-46. [PMID: 16520074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dolphin Immunoglobulin G Heavy Chain (IGHG) sequences were obtained by PCR amplification of cDNA from peripheral blood leukocytes using degenerate primers. Analysis of full-length sequences indicated the presence of two expressed isotypes, IGHG1 and IGHG2 that differ mainly in the hinge region of the molecule. Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated that the IGHG1 and IGHG2 genes are most likely present in single copies. The inferred amino acid sequences show greatest similarity between the dolphin and other closely related artiodactyl species. The genetic structure of the IGHG genes were deduced through genomic PCR and revealed that the hinge regions of both IGHG1 and IGHG2 are encoded by a single exon. The transmembrane region of the dolphin IGHG chain shows similarity to the transmembrane region of other mammalian IGHG chains with a canonical CART motif. This is in contrast to the unusual Ser to Gly substitution previously found in the dolphin IGHM transmembrane region, and the functional significance of this variation for B cell antigen-receptor dimer activation remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Mancia
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Marine Laboratories, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
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4
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Lin M, Spira G, Scharff MD. Molecular comparison of cultured hybridoma cells that switch isotypes at high and low rates. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1996; 22:329-40. [PMID: 9000175 DOI: 10.1007/bf02369570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the isolation of variants from the 36.65 and PC1.4.1 hybridoma cell lines that spontaneously switch from gamma 1 to gamma 2a and gamma 2b at high and low rates. In order to further characterize the phenotype of these variants, we have now investigated the production of germline transcripts and methylation which are two of the molecular correlates of isotype switching. While some of the correlations that exist in normal cells were present in some of the clonal variants, others were not. However, the higher switching variants of both cells lines had higher recombinational activity as measured with a shuttle vector. The distinct phenotypic characteristics of each cell line provide an opportunity to dissect the roles of individual molecular events in the process of isotype switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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5
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Morgado MG, Jouvin-Marche E, Gris-Liebe C, Bonhomme F, Anand R, Talwar GP, Cazenave PA. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and evolution of the mouse immunoglobulin constant region gamma loci. Immunogenetics 1993; 38:184-92. [PMID: 8099342 DOI: 10.1007/bf00211518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Genomic DNA from twelve laboratory mouse strains, in addition to 21 wild-derived strains belonging to different taxa (Mus musculus domesticus, Mus musculus musculus, Mus spretus, Mus macedonicus, and Mus spicilegus) and four mouse strains that are evolutionarily more distant, were analyzed by Southern blot for polymorphism of the Ig heavy chain constant region gamma isotype (Igh-C gamma) and for the distribution of the duplicated Igh-1 (C gamma 2 alpha) haplotype. Distinct allelic forms of each Igh-C locus could be defined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). In laboratory mouse strains RFLP proved to be more sensitive in the detection of Igh-4 (C gamma 1) alleles than serological methods. Taq I digestion allowed the definition of two alleles in the Igh-8 (C gamma 3) locus, which is absolutely conserved at the protein levels. More extensive RFLP could be found in wild strains belonging to the subgenus Mus and in the evolutionarily more distant Mus species belonging to other subgenera. In previous studies we have shown that the Igh-1 locus is duplicated in M. m. musculus subspecies. We now extend this observations to the wild mouse strains belonging to M. spicilegus and M. macedonicus species and to the evolutionarily more distant wild mouse strain Mus pahari (subgenus coelomys), which is thought to have diverged from domestic mice about 5 million years ago. In addition, we found a similar RFLP pattern in ten of 18 wild mice trapped in India, suggesting that the haplotype containing the two Igh-1-like genes, organized in tandem as distinct isotypes, is widely spread in natural populations. The evolution of murine Igh-C gamma-encoded isotypes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Morgado
- Unité d'Immunochimie Analytique, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur (CNRS UA 359), Paris, France
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6
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Arakawa H, Iwasato T, Hayashida H, Shimizu A, Honjo T, Yamagishi H. The complete murine immunoglobulin class switch region of the alpha heavy chain gene-hierarchic repetitive structure and recombination breakpoints. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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7
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Gerondakis S, Gaff C, Goodman DJ, Grumont RJ. Structure and expression of mouse germline immunoglobulin gamma 3 heavy chain transcripts induced by the mitogen lipopolysaccharide. Immunogenetics 1991; 34:392-400. [PMID: 1748487 DOI: 10.1007/bf01787490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Germline immunoglobulin heavy chain gene transcription is though to direct isotype switching by modulating the accessibility of specific switch regions to a recombinase. In this study, cloned cDNA copies of mouse germline Igh-8 RNAs have been used to characterize the Igh-8 transcription unit. The 5' end of these transcripts are derived from an exon denoted Ig3, located 1 kilobase 5' of the Igh-8 switch region. Sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic clones reveals that these RNAs are noncoding. In splenic B cell cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), germline Igh-8 transcript levels are upregulated after 8 h due to increased transcription. This induction is consistent with the identification of a putative binding site for the LPS inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B approximately 150 nucleotides upstream of the sites of transcript initiation. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence comparisons reveal that the region encompassing the site of germline Igh-8 transcription initiation is highly homologous to part of the Ig2b exon, and is also conserved upstream of the Igh-1 switch region. The implications of these findings for the control of germline Igh-8 transcription is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gerondakis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Phillips M, Djian P, Green H. The involucrin gene of the galago. Existence of a correction process acting on its segment of repeats. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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9
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McLain DK, Collins FH. Structure of rDNA in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and rDNA sequence variation within and between species of the A. gambiae complex. Heredity (Edinb) 1989; 62 ( Pt 2):233-42. [PMID: 2722557 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1989.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of the rDNA repeating unit of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) was determined by restriction endonuclease mapping and hybridization analyses on four independent clones obtained from a genomic library of a colony (G3) from the Gambia (West Africa). rDNA gene coding sequences are conserved, but much intragenomic and intraspecific (geographic) variation occurs in the intergenic spacer. Hybridization of subclones from spacer and coding sequences to genomic DNA that was isolated from single mosquitoes from laboratory colonies of four other A. gambiae complex species reveals conservation of coding sequences but concerted evolution in the intergenic spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K McLain
- Malaria Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30333
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hunkapiller
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125
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11
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Abstract
The sequences of the four immunoglobulin gamma heavy chains of the rat (gamma 1, gamma 2a, gamma 2b, gamma 2c) have been determined. These sequences reveal that the rat genes have evolved differently from the closely related mouse gamma genes (gamma 1, gamma 2a, gamma 2b, gamma 3): in rat two of the four genes (gamma 2a and gamma 1) are 94% homologous to each other and best resemble the single mouse gamma 1 gene. Rat gamma 2b is equivalent to the mouse gamma 2a/gamma 2b pair as regards both nucleotide sequence and antibody effector functions whilst rat gamma 2c resembles mouse gamma 3. In evolutionary terms this suggests the existence of a set of three common C gamma genes before separation of rat and mouse as individual species. In addition, two independent duplication events must have occurred after species separation affecting different constant regions; this yielded rat gamma 2a and gamma 1 as a recently evolved pair and mouse gamma 2a and gamma 2b as a different pair. Furthermore, the sequence comparisons reveal several other features of interest; rat IgG2b lacks two amino acids in CH1 which are conserved in all other sequenced gamma chains. Residues believed to be essential for monocyte interaction (FcRI) are retained only in rat gamma 2b and not in the other rat gamma genes whilst a particular motif involved in C1q interaction shows a variation in both rat IgG1 and rat IgG2a which has not been observed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brüggemann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, U.K
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13
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Lutzker S, Rothman P, Pollock R, Coffman R, Alt FW. Mitogen- and IL-4-regulated expression of germ-line Ig gamma 2b transcripts: evidence for directed heavy chain class switching. Cell 1988; 53:177-84. [PMID: 2834063 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of murine B cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of different lymphokines results in cell populations that differentially express particular immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (CH) genes. This class switch involves recombination between switch regions located upstream of the germ-line CH genes. We have treated Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed pre-B cells and normal splenic B cells with LPS or LPS plus the lymphokine IL-4 and examined the effect on the germ-line gamma 2b locus and gamma 2b class switching. In both cell types, LPS induces transcription specifically through the germ-line gamma 2b locus before gamma 2b class switching. Furthermore, IL-4 inhibits LPS induction of germ-line gamma 2b transcripts in spleen cells and correspondingly abrogates switching to this CH gene. Thus treatment with mitogens and lymphokines can alter transcription of germ-line CH genes in B lineage cells and thereby directly regulate class switching in the context of a recombinase accessibility mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lutzker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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14
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Del Portillo HA, Schmidt GW, Damian RT. Immunochemical analysis of baboon (Papio cynocephalus) IgG subclasses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1987; 16:201-14. [PMID: 3124330 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(87)90018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Few reports are presently available on the existence of IgG subclasses in nonhuman primates. Papain and trypsin digestion of baboon (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus and P. cynocephalus hamadryas) IgG proteins, in the absence of cysteine, revealed the occurrence of two different protein populations, one being protease-resistant, the other being protease-sensitive. The papain-resistant population is rendered sensitive to digestion upon addition of cysteine. Ion exchange chromatography of the papain-resistant IgG population subsequently demonstrated that it is composed of two different subpopulations varying in their ionic binding affinities. Peptide maps of the Fc fragments of the papain sensitive population and of the Fc fragments of the two papain-resistant subpopulations differing in their binding affinities for ion exchange resins, were different from each other. The biochemical identification of the baboon IgG proteins presented here strongly suggests that they are composed of at least three different subclasses.
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Andersson G, Larhammar D, Widmark E, Servenius B, Peterson PA, Rask L. Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Organization and evolutionary relationship of the DR beta genes. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Chapter 2 Genes encoding the immunoglobulin constant regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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