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Dilmetz BA, Desire CT, Meneses J, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Young C, Hoffmann P. Impact of propagation time on yeast physiology during bottle conditioning of beer on an industrial scale. Food Chem 2024; 435:137655. [PMID: 37806202 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Bottle conditioning occurs when yeast and a fermentable extract are added to beer prior to packaging. Aside from ethanol and carbon dioxide production, this process can minimize the production of off-flavors and increase the shelf-life of beer. The advantages of bottle conditioning rely on the yeast being able to quickly referment the beer and maintain viability during storage. In this study, a commercial ale yeast was propagated in wort on a large scale (30 hL) for 24 h or 72 h and seeded into pale ale beer for bottle conditioning. We found that yeast propagated until the post-diauxic shift (72 h) provided better longevity in the bottle and improved foam stability compared to the 24 h propagated yeast. At the time of seeding, yeast propagated for 72 h showed an upregulation of proteins involved in cellular respiration and general stress pathways that may indicate responses toward mitigating cellular stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Dilmetz
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Christopher T Desire
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia.
| | - Jon Meneses
- Coopers Brewery Ltd, Regency Park, 5010, Australia.
| | | | - Clifford Young
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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2
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Jenkins D, James S, Dehrmann F, Smart K, Cook D. The influence of yeast strain on the oxidative stability of beer. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Jenkins
- International Centre for Brewing Science University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
- Current address: International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Sue James
- Anheuser‐Busch InBev Church Street West, Woking Surrey GU21 6HT UK
| | - Frieda Dehrmann
- Anheuser‐Busch InBev Church Street West, Woking Surrey GU21 6HT UK
| | - Katherine Smart
- Anheuser‐Busch InBev Church Street West, Woking Surrey GU21 6HT UK
- Current address: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - David Cook
- International Centre for Brewing Science University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
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3
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De Francesco G, Bravi E, Sanarica E, Marconi O, Cappelletti F, Perretti G. Effect of Addition of Different Phenolic-Rich Extracts on Beer Flavour Stability. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111638. [PMID: 33182668 PMCID: PMC7697933 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavour stability is a key factor in the beer production process. The stabilizing effect of six commercial phenolic-rich extracts was studied. The extracts were added to beer before bottling. Quality parameters (colour, turbidity, foam and dissolved oxygen content), antioxidant activity by 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), total polyphenols content, and sensorial analysis by a trained panel were performed over the course of storage. The beers were analyzed every 3 months for a total period of 6 months. Results indicated that all studied phenolic-rich extracts positively affected the beer flavour stability. In particular, the condensed tannins showed a significant protective effect. The condensed green tea tannins resulted as the most promising source of natural antioxidant able to prolong beer shelf-life and bring interesting organoleptic characteristics to beer. Also, grape seed tannins appeared suitable to boost flavour stability and improve organoleptic properties of beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Francesco
- Italian Brewing Research Centre, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.D.F.); (E.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Bravi
- Italian Brewing Research Centre, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.D.F.); (E.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Sanarica
- Enolife s.r.l., Viale delle Industrie, Montemesola, 74020 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Ombretta Marconi
- Italian Brewing Research Centre, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.D.F.); (E.B.); (G.P.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Cappelletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Perretti
- Italian Brewing Research Centre, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.D.F.); (E.B.); (G.P.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
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4
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Hu X, Jin Y, Du J. Differences in protein content and foaming properties of cloudy beers based on wheat malt content. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an Shandong 271018 China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an Shandong 271018 China
| | - Jinhua Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an Shandong 271018 China
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5
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Muste C, Owens KG. Cell-Free Identification of S. cerevisiae Strains by Analysis of Supernatant Using LC-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2260-2267. [PMID: 30105741 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Current literature shows a gap for methods which can identify yeast sub-species (strains or serovars) in samples where there are no viable cells remaining. Presented here is a technique for the analysis of yeast supernatant, including solid phase extraction, data-dependent acquisition liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and two chemometric methods to identify and classify yeast strains. Five strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were successfully identified in various stages of growth. In addition, peptide/protein identification was performed, without the need for additional data acquisition. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Muste
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2875, USA
| | - Kevin G Owens
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2875, USA.
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6
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Ting PL, Ryder DS. The Bitter, Twisted Truth of the Hop: 50 Years of Hop Chemistry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2017-3638-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Lund MN, Andersen ML. Detection of Thiol Groups in Beer and Their Correlation with Oxidative Stability. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2011-0620-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne N. Lund
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mogens L. Andersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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8
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Vieira E, Moura C, Almeida T, Meireles S, Brandão T, Pinho O, Ferreira IMPLVO. Influence of Serial Repitching on Beer Polypeptide Profiles. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0918-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vieira
- Laboratòrio de Bromatologia e Hidrología, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Moura
- Laboratòrio de Bromatologia e Hidrología, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Almeida
- Laboratòrio de Bromatologia e Hidrología, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Meireles
- Bebidas de Portugal SGPS, SA, Leça do Balio, 4466-955, S. Mamede de Infesta, Portugal
| | - Tiago Brandão
- Bebidas de Portugal SGPS, SA, Leça do Balio, 4466-955, S. Mamede de Infesta, Portugal
| | - Olivia Pinho
- Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, R Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors are ubiquitous regulators for a multitude of pathways in humans. The serpins represent an ancient pathway now known to be present in all kingdoms and often regulating central pathways for clotting, immunity, and even cancer in man. Serpins have been present from the time of the dinosaurs and can represent a large proportion of circulating blood proteins. With this introductory chapter, we present an overview of serpins as well as an introduction and overview of the chapters describing the methodology used in the new approaches to understanding their molecular mechanisms of action and their roles in health and disease.
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10
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Zhao Y, Cieplak M. Structural Changes in Barley Protein LTP1 Isoforms at Air-Water Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4769-4780. [PMID: 28457129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use a coarse-grained model to study the conformational changes in two barley proteins, LTP1 and its ligand adduct isoform LTP1b, that result from their adsorption to the air-water interface. The model introduces the interface through hydropathy indices. We justify the model by all-atom simulations. The choice of the proteins is motivated by making attempts to understand formation and stability of foam in beer. We demonstrate that both proteins flatten out at the interface and can make a continuous stabilizing and denser film. We show that the degree of the flattening depends on the protein (the layers of LTP1b should be denser than those of LTP1) and on the presence of glycation. It also depends on the number (≤4) of the disulfide bonds in the proteins. The geometry of the proteins is sensitive to the specificity of the absent bonds. We provide estimates of the volume of cavities of the proteins when away from the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhao
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Cieplak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Han H, Kim J, Choi E, Ahn H, Kim WJ. Characteristics of beer produced from Korean six-row barley with the addition of adjuncts. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojong Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biosystem; Dongguk University; Goyang-si Gyonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biosystem; Dongguk University; Goyang-si Gyonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biosystem; Dongguk University; Goyang-si Gyonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biosystem; Dongguk University; Goyang-si Gyonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Wang June Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biosystem; Dongguk University; Goyang-si Gyonggi-do Republic of Korea
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12
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An overview on the role of lipids and fatty acids in barley grain and their products during beer brewing. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ekberg J, Gibson B, Joensuu JJ, Krogerus K, Magalhães F, Mikkelson A, Seppänen-Laakso T, Wilpola A. Physicochemical characterization of sahti, an ‘ancient’ beer style indigenous to Finland. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Ekberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000 FI-02044 VTT Espoo Finland
| | - Brian Gibson
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000 FI-02044 VTT Espoo Finland
| | - Jussi J. Joensuu
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000 FI-02044 VTT Espoo Finland
| | - Kristoffer Krogerus
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000 FI-02044 VTT Espoo Finland
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology; Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology; Kemistintie 1, Aalto, PO Box 16100 FI-00076 Espoo Finland
| | - Frederico Magalhães
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000 FI-02044 VTT Espoo Finland
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology; Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology; Kemistintie 1, Aalto, PO Box 16100 FI-00076 Espoo Finland
| | - Atte Mikkelson
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000 FI-02044 VTT Espoo Finland
| | | | - Arvi Wilpola
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000 FI-02044 VTT Espoo Finland
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14
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Abstract
Proteome analysis provides a way to identify proteins related to the quality traits of beer. A number of protein species in beer and wort have been identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with enzyme digestion such as trypsin, followed by mass spectrometry analyses and/or liquid chromatography mass/mass spectrometry. In addition, low molecular weight polypeptides in beer have been identified by the combination of non-enzyme digestion and mass analyses. These data sets of various molecular weight polypeptides (i.e., proteomes) provide a platform for analyzing protein functions in beer. Several novel proteins related to beer quality traits such as foam stability and haze formation have been identified by analyzing these proteomes. Some of the proteins have been applied to the development of efficient protein or DNA markers for trait selection in malting barley breeding. In this chapter, recent proteome studies of beer and wort are reviewed, and the methods and protocols of beer and wort proteome analysis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iimure
- Bioresources Research and Development Department, Sapporo Breweries Ltd., Ota, Gunma, Japan
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15
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Iimure T, Sato K. Beer proteomics analysis for beer quality control and malting barley breeding. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Berner TS, Jacobsen S, Arneborg N. The impact of different ale brewer's yeast strains on the proteome of immature beer. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:215. [PMID: 24079909 PMCID: PMC3849757 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that brewer’s yeast affects the taste and aroma of beer. However, the influence of brewer’s yeast on the protein composition of beer is currently unknown. In this study, changes of the proteome of immature beer, i.e. beer that has not been matured after fermentation, by ale brewer’s yeast strains with different abilities to degrade fermentable sugars were investigated. Results Beers were fermented from standard hopped wort (13° Plato) using two ale brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains with different attenuation degrees. Both immature beers had the same alcohol and protein concentrations. Immature beer and unfermented wort proteins were analysed by 2-DE and compared in order to determine protein changes arising from fermentation. Distinct protein spots in the beer and wort proteomes were identified using Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and MS/MS and revealed common beer proteins, such as lipid transfer proteins (LTP1 and LTP2), protein Z and amylase-protease inhibitors. During fermentation, two protein spots, corresponding to LTP2, disappeared, while three protein spots were exclusively found in beer. These three proteins, all derived from yeast, were identified as cell wall associated proteins, that is Exg1 (an exo-β-1,3-glucanase), Bgl2 (an endo-β-1,2-glucanase), and Uth1 (a cell wall biogenesis protein). Conclusion Yeast strain dependent changes in the immature beer proteome were identified, i.e. Bgl2 was present in beer brewed with KVL011, while lacking in WLP001 beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Sune Berner
- Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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17
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Blasco L, Veiga-Crespo P, Sánchez-Pérez A, Villa TG. Cloning and characterization of the beer foaming gene CFG1 from Saccharomyces pastorianus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10796-10807. [PMID: 23039128 DOI: 10.1021/jf3027974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Foam production is an essential characteristic of beer, generated mainly from the proteins present in the malt and, to a minor extent, from the mannoproteins in brewer's yeast cell walls. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the novel fermentation gene CFG1 (Carlsbergensis foaming gene) from Saccharomyces pastorianus. CFG1 encodes the cell wall protein Cfg1p, a 105 kDa protein highly homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall mannoproteins, particularly those involved in foam formation, such as Awa1p and Fpg1p. Further characterization of Cfg1p revealed that this novel protein is responsible for beer foam stabilization. This report represents the first time that a brewing yeast foaming gene has been cloned and its action fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Blasco
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
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18
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Construction of recombinant industrial brewer’s yeast with lower diacetyl production and proteinase A activity. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Bobalova J, Salplachta J, Chmelik J. Investigation of Protein Composition of Barley by Gel Electrophoresis and MALDI Mass Spectrometry with Regard to the Malting and Brewing Process. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Stanislava G. A Review: The Role of Barley Seed Pathogenesis-Related Proteins (PRs) in Beer Production. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2010.tb00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Stanislava G. Barley Grain Non-specific Lipid-Transfer Proteins (ns-LTPs) in Beer Production and Quality. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2007.tb00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Zhang HB, Ruan H, Li WF, Zhang W, Su ZR, He GQ, Chen QH. Construction of recombinant industrial S. cerevisiae strain with barley lipid-transfer protein 1 secretion capability and lower PrA activity. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Younes B, Cilindre C, Villaume S, Parmentier M, Jeandet P, Vasserot Y. Evidence for an extracellular acid proteolytic activity secreted by living cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PlR1: impact on grape proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6239-6246. [PMID: 21528928 DOI: 10.1021/jf200348n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PlR1, a strain isolated from Pinot noir grapes in the Champagne area, was shown to secrete an acid proteolytic activity against bovine serum albumin. This proteolytic activity was detectable in cell-free culture supernatants at the beginning of the exponential growth phase and increased with yeast growth. Using a zymography method, only one protease band with a molecular mass of 72 kDa was observed. This extracellular proteolytic activity was detected in the pH range from 2 to 4 with a maximal value at pH 2.5 and 38 °C and was completely inhibited by pepstatin A. The secretion of this protease did not need any protein inducer and seemed to be insensitive to nitrogen catabolic repression. S. cerevisiae PlR1 was also able to secrete this proteolytic activity during alcoholic fermentation, and it was found to be active against grape proteins, with a molecular mass around 25 kDa, at optimal conditions of 38 °C, pH 3.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buchra Younes
- Laboratoire d'Oenologie et de Chimie Appliquée, UPRES EA 2069, URVVC, Université de Reims, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 02, France.
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Heterologous expression of surface-active proteins from barley and filamentous fungi in Pichia pastoris and characterization of their contribution to beer gushing. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 147:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Hao X, Xiao DG, Zhang CY, Chen YF. Influence of nutrients on proteinase A activity in draft beer during fermentation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Isolation of non-starch polysaccharides from bulb of tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium Thunb.) with fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Iimure T, Takoi K, Kaneko T, Kihara M, Hayashi K, Ito K, Sato K, Takeda K. Novel prediction method of beer foam stability using protein Z, barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-1 (BDAI-1) and yeast thioredoxin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8664-8671. [PMID: 18710245 DOI: 10.1021/jf801184k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Foam stability is an important quality trait of beer. Our previous results of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) analyses of beer proteins implied a relationship between barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-1 (BDAI-1) and beer foam stability as judged by the NIBEM-T analyzer. To develop a novel prediction method of beer foam stability under different conditions of barley cultivar and malt modification, multiple linear regression analysis was applied. The spot intensities of major beer proteins on 2DE gel were quantified and used as explanatory variables. The foam stabilities of 25 beer samples each brewed from malt with different malt modification in one of the three cultivars (cultivars A, B, and C) were explained by the spot intensities of BDAI-1 at the 5% significance level ( r = 0.421). Furthermore, two other major protein spots (b0 and b5) were observed on the 2DE gels of Japanese commercial beer samples with different foam stability. Then, multiple regression for foam stability was calculated using these three spot intensities as explanatory variables. As a result, 72.1% of the beer foam stability in 25 beer samples was explained by a novel multiple regression equation calculated using spot b0 and BDAI-1 as positive explanatory variables and spot b5 as a negative variable. To verify the validity of the multiple regression equation and the explanatory variables, the beer foam stability in practical beer samples was analyzed. As a result, 81.5% of the beer foam stability in 10 Japanese commercial beer samples was also explained by using spot b0 and BDAI-1 as positive explanatory variables and spot b5 as a negative variable. Mass spectrometry analyses followed by database searches revealed that protein spots b0 and b5 were identified as protein Z originated from barley and thioredoxin originated from yeast, respectively. These results confirm that BDAI-1 and protein Z are foam-positive factors and identify yeast thioredoxin as a possible novel foam-negative factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iimure
- Bioresources Research and Development Department, Sapporo Breweries Ltd., 37-1, Nittakizaki, Ota, Gunma, 370-0393, Japan.
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Okada Y, Iimure T, Takoi K, Kaneko T, Kihara M, Hayashi K, Ito K, Sato K, Takeda K. The influence of barley malt protein modification on beer foam stability and their relationship to the barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-I (BDAI-I) as a possible foam-promoting protein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1458-1464. [PMID: 18237135 DOI: 10.1021/jf0724926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The foam stability of beer is one of the important key factors in evaluating the quality of beer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of malt modification (degradation of protein, starch, and so on) and the beer foam stability. This was achieved by examining foam-promoting proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). We found that the foam stability of beer samples brewed from the barley malts of cultivars B and C decreased as the level of malt modification increased; however, the foam stability of cultivar A did not change. To identify the property providing the increased foam stability of cultivar A, we analyzed beer proteins using 2DE. We analyzed three fractions that could contain beer foam-promoting proteins, namely, beer whole proteins, salt-precipitated proteins, and the proteins concentrated from beer foam. As a result, we found that in cultivar A, some protein spots did not change in any of these three protein fractions even when the level of malt modification increased, although the corresponding protein spots in cultivars B and C decreased. We analyzed these protein spots by peptide mass finger printing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, all of these spots were identified as barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-I (BDAI-I). These results suggest that BDAI-I is an important contributor to beer foam stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Okada
- Bioresources Research and Development Department, Sapporo Breweries Ltd., 37-1, Nittakizaki, Ota, Gunma 370-0393, Japan
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Silva F, Nogueira LC, Gonçalves C, Ferreira AA, Ferreira IM, Teixeira N. Electrophoretic and HPLC methods for comparative study of the protein fractions of malts, worts and beers produced from Scarlett and Prestige barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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