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Kronfli FR, Morris SL, Vollmer TR. A Continuum of Methods for Assessing Preference for Conversation Topics. Behav Anal Pract 2024; 17:306-315. [PMID: 38405297 PMCID: PMC10890987 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Among individuals with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), conversation topic preference could influence social skills in many ways. For example, an individual with advanced vocal-verbal skills, but just learning to join a conversation, might be less inclined to participate if the topic chosen is not preferred. However, commonly used preference assessment procedures have not been applied to evaluating conversation-topic preferences. Therefore, the purpose of the current experiment was to conduct three different types of assessments that varied in efficiency, the degree of certainty they allow, and clients with whom they are likely to be applicable and acceptable. In particular, we conducted a self-report preference assessment, a multiple-stimulus-without-replacement (MSWO) preference assessment, and a response restriction conversation assessment (RRCA). Each assessment identified a preferred topic of conversation, but the RRCA was the only assessment that was able to differentiate which topics would maintain a conversation. Implications for assessment and intervention procedures related to complex social skills are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris R. Kronfli
- Deparatment of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250 USA
| | - Samuel L. Morris
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Timothy R. Vollmer
- Deparatment of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250 USA
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2
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Goldberg NM, Roscoe EM, Newman ZA, Sedano AJ. Single- vs. combined-category preference assessments for edible, leisure, and social-interaction stimuli. J Appl Behav Anal 2023; 56:787-803. [PMID: 37470250 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A concern when conducting combined-category preference assessments is the potential for displacement effects, a shift in the preference ranking from highly preferred to moderately or less preferred for stimuli in two of three stimulus categories (e.g., edible, leisure, or social-interaction). In this study, we evaluated potential displacement effects in combined-category arrays of edible, leisure, and social-interaction stimuli for five individuals with autism. First, single-category paired-stimulus preference assessments were implemented to identify two highly preferred stimuli from each category. When these stimuli were included in a combined-category preference assessment, displacement effects were observed for three of five participants. During a subsequent reinforcer assessment, stimuli identified as less preferred in the combined-category preference assessment functioned as reinforcers for two participants. Additionally, although social interaction was not identified as highly preferred for three of the five participants, it functioned as a reinforcer for four participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Goldberg
- New England Center for Children, Southborough, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Eileen M Roscoe
- New England Center for Children, Southborough, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Zoe A Newman
- New England Center for Children, Southborough, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Angelica J Sedano
- New England Center for Children, Southborough, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
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3
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Morris SL, Gallagher ML, Allen AE. A review of methods of assessing preference for social stimuli. J Appl Behav Anal 2023; 56:416-427. [PMID: 36922701 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on preference and reinforcer assessments has historically focused on the evaluation of edible and leisure reinforcers, but the identification and use of individualized social reinforcers may be beneficial for several reasons. Recently, many studies have evaluated methods of assessing preference for social stimuli. The procedures and outcomes across these studies have varied greatly, and the current state of evidence for methods of assessing preference for social stimuli remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a review to synthesize all previous research in this area, evaluate the evidence for the utility of this general methodology, and identify factors that may influence its utility. Our results suggest that social preference assessments are likely to produce results that correspond with reinforcer assessment hierarchies. Preference assessment modality was one factor that influenced utility; video-based preference assessments had greater correspondence with reinforcer assessments than did other modalities. Directions for future research and implications for the use of social preference assessments in research and practices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Morris
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States
| | - Madison L Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, United States
| | - Alva E Allen
- Department of Psychology, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, United States
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4
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Fredericks BM, Sng SSY, Parry-Cruwys D, MacDonald RPF. Teaching Joint Attention: Assessing Generalization and Maintenance of Effects using Multiple Exemplar Training. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1117-1129. [PMID: 35717449 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of multiple exemplar training and social reinforcement on the maintenance and generalization of joint attention initiations across toy classes. Three children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participated. After analyzing samples of joint attention initiations from neurotypical peers, a composite score was developed and used to evaluate joint attention initiations of the children with ASD. Gaze shifting and commenting were taught using social reinforcement in a multiple exemplar format. Training sessions were followed by probes of untrained stimuli both within and across toy classes. Results showed that the participants acquired both gaze shifting and commenting using social consequences as reinforcers. Following training, participants initiated joint attention with a frequency within the range of their typically developing peers. Multiple exemplar training was also effective in facilitating acquisition within classes and joint attention maintenance during follow-up probes. Additionally, all participants generalized the acquired skills to a class of untrained stimuli.
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Peters RJ, Richling SM, Rapp JT, Ethridge AN. Could Preference Indifference be a Social Behavioral Marker for Foster Youth? A Potential Alternative use for Preference Assessments. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42822-023-00122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Advancing Methods in Animal-Assisted Intervention: Demonstration of Starting Points in Clinical Practice for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Behav Anal Pract 2022; 16:145-155. [PMID: 37006431 PMCID: PMC10050646 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-022-00704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy animals have been frequently included in interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, direct and systematic procedures such as assessing preference for and reinforcing efficacy of the animals are rarely conducted. Assessing preference for stimuli is valuable when determining how to make interventions for children with ASD most effective. We conducted paired-stimulus preference assessments and follow-up reinforcer assessments to determine if a therapy dog might be an effective reinforcer. We found one third of participants preferred the dog the least, one third of participants moderately preferred the dog, and one third of participants highly preferred the dog relative to other stimuli. Furthermore, we found preference predicted reinforcing efficacy for five of six participants. We suggest clinicians systematically conduct assessments to clearly identify the role of the therapy animal, to improve quality of, and demonstrate efficacy of interventions including animals for clinical populations.
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Morris SL, Vollmer TR. Increasing social time allocation and concomitant effects on mands, item engagement, and rigid or repetitive behavior. J Appl Behav Anal 2022; 55:814-831. [PMID: 35388493 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has developed methods of assessing the function of generic, nonindividualized social interactions. The purpose of this type of assessment is to provide a measure of how an individual may respond to the types of interactions readily available in the natural environment. To date, no research has evaluated how the social time allocation of individuals for whom generic interactions are neutral or aversive could be improved. Moreover, no research has included additional dependent variables that may be functionally related to social time allocation. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of initiating preferred, individualized social interactions on the social time allocation of 3 participants for whom generic interactions functioned as neutral or aversive stimuli. The intervention increased social time allocation for all 3 participants. Next, we evaluated the relation between social time allocation and the occurrence of mands, item engagement, and rigid or repetitive behavior using the intervention data as well as secondary analyses of previously published datasets. The occurrence of mands and rigid or repetitive behaviors changed with improvements in social time allocation and were strongly correlated with social time allocation across participants. Implications for future research on, and the clinical use of, this type of assessment and intervention are discussed.
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Kanaman NA, Hubbs AL, Dozier CL, Jones BA, Foley E, Brandt JA. Evaluating the effects of social interaction on the results of preference assessments for leisure items. J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 55:430-450. [PMID: 34958457 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A variable that may influence the outcomes of stimulus preference assessments (SPAs) is whether social interaction is provided during the stimulus access period. In Experiment 1, we compared the outcomes of a Solitary paired stimulus preference assessment (PSPA) (toys only), Social PSPA (toys plus social interaction), and Combined PSPA (toys alone and toys plus social interaction) to determine whether the addition of social interaction influenced preference for toys in preschool children. In Experiment 2, we conducted a concurrent-operant reinforcer assessment to compare the reinforcing efficacy of stimuli with and without social interaction. Experiment 1 showed preference for toys was stable across assessments (Solitary and Social PSPAs) and most participants preferred toys plus social interaction when compared in a single assessment (Combined PSPA). Experiment 2 showed that results of the Combined PSPA in Experiment 1 predicted the outcome of most participants' reinforcer assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber L Hubbs
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas
| | | | - Brooke A Jones
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas
| | - Elizabeth Foley
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas
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Huntington R, Schwartz I. A preliminary examination of social preference across assessors. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilene Schwartz
- College of Education University of Washington Seattle WA USA
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Lill JD, Shriver MD, Allen KD. Stimulus Preference Assessment Decision-Making System (SPADS): A Decision-Making Model for Practitioners. Behav Anal Pract 2021; 14:1144-1156. [PMID: 34868818 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-020-00539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A stimulus preference assessment (SPA) is a fundamental tool used by practitioners to predict stimuli that function as reinforcers. The Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) requires that all certified behavior analysts and behavioral technicians be trained in SPA methodology (BACB, 2017). SPA procedures are used by nearly 9 out of 10 behavior analysts in the field (Graff & Karsten, 2012). Over the last 4 decades, there has been a litany of research on SPA procedures. Despite the universality of training, application, and research, discussions on the selection of SPA procedures have been sparse. Two peer-reviewed articles have focused on clinical decision making in the selection of SPA procedures. Karsten et al. (2011) introduced an in situ decision-making model, whereas Virues-Ortega et al. (2014) developed an a priori algorithm based on client and stimuli characteristics. The SPADS addresses the limitations of prior models by considering the effects of stimuli dimensions, client characteristics, relative administration times, and the outcomes agreement between two potentially efficacious, context-specfic SPA procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Lill
- Department of Psychology, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5450 USA
| | - Mark D Shriver
- Department of Psychology, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5450 USA
| | - Keith D Allen
- Department of Psychology, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5450 USA
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Simmons CA, Sethi R, Ford KR. Accuracy of caregiver identification of demands for children with escape-maintained challenging behavior. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 119:104083. [PMID: 34562824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although stimulus preference assessments are widely used to identify reinforcers and to inform positive reinforcement conditions in a functional analysis (FA), direct assessments of potential negative reinforcers are not as commonly employed. Demands are often selected from caregiver report alone. AIMS The purpose of the current study is to (a) replicate the Demand Assessment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities (DAISD) indirect assessment interview for caregivers to identify demands that may evoke challenging behavior; (b), compare the correspondence of the DAISD in relation to an established direct assessment, the demand latency assessment (DLA); and (c) evaluate if the demands that caregivers identify as the most aversive are more likely to evoke challenging behavior and identify an escape function in an FA than those demands caregivers identify as least aversive and replicate validation of the DLA. METHODS AND PROCEDURES This study evaluated caregiver accuracy at identifying demands most likely to evoke escape-maintained challenging behavior for four children with developmental disabilities. Caregiver-informed aversiveness hierarchies from the DAISD were compared to child-informed aversiveness hierarchies from the DLA. Functional analyses included separate escape conditions with DAISD and DLA most and least aversive demands. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Although all caregivers identified at least eight demands, caregivers' accuracy with demand aversiveness was variable as indicated by (a) a false negative FA outcome for one of four participants with the caregiver-nominated most aversive demand; (b) higher rates of challenging behavior with the caregiver-nominated least aversive demand than most aversive for three of four participants; and (c) lack of a strong positive rank order correlation between caregiver- and child-hierarchies for all participants (range, -0.76 to .48). Compliance was not a strong predictive variable of challenging behavior with either assessment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Results indicate that the DAISD interview is useful at identifying multiple demands presented in the natural environment, but should be followed up with direct assessment to determine demand aversiveness rather than used for caregivers to rank demand aversiveness.
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12
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Simmons CA, Salvatore GL, Zangrillo AN. Efficiency and preference for alternative activities during schedule thinning with functional communication training. J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 55:101-120. [PMID: 34694003 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Functional communication training is an effective treatment for decreasing socially reinforced destructive behavior (Carr & Durand, 1985). Clinicians frequently use multiple schedules to thin the reinforcement schedule (Hanley et al., 2001). Individuals are often taught to wait for functional reinforcers without alternative programmed stimuli. However, concurrently available items and activities are often accessible in the natural environment. In this study, we taught 4 participants a functional communication response to access functional reinforcers. We implemented a multiple schedule during schedule thinning, comparing a control condition (nothing available during SΔ intervals) to separate conditions with items/activities (moderately preferred tangible items, attention, demands) noncontingently available during SΔ intervals. After reaching the terminal schedule in one condition, therapists assessed participant preference across SΔ conditions. For all participants, the terminal schedule was reached with alternative items and activities, and participant preference corresponded with the most efficient schedule thinning condition. Therapists also indicated preference for alternative items/activities.
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MacNaul H, Cividini‐Motta C, Wilson S, Di Paola H. A systematic review of research on stability of preference assessment outcomes across repeated administrations. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah MacNaul
- Department of Educational Psychology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA
| | - Catia Cividini‐Motta
- Department of Family and Child Studies University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Shannon Wilson
- Department of Family and Child Studies University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Hunter Di Paola
- Department of Family and Child Studies University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
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14
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Morris SL, Vollmer TR. Evaluating the function of social interaction for children with autism. J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 54:1456-1467. [PMID: 34028027 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several researchers have assessed whether or not social interaction is reinforcing; however, few studies have evaluated methods of assessing whether social interactions function as reinforcing, neutral, or aversive stimuli. We extend this research by evaluating a new method of assessing the function of social interaction. Twenty-one children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) participated. Social interactions were found to function as reinforcers for 9 participants, neutral stimuli for 7 participants, and aversive stimuli for 5 participants. The method evaluated was found to be more efficient, may be more feasible, and was similarly as decisive as methods evaluated in previous research. Implications of this study and its methodology as well as future directions in this line of research are discussed.
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Harper AM, Dozier CL, Briggs AM, de Villegas SD, Ackerlund Brandt JA, Jowett Hirst ES. Preference for and reinforcing efficacy of different types of attention in preschool children. J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 54:882-902. [PMID: 33567128 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether and to what extent common types of attention delivered in early childhood environments are preferred by and function as reinforcers for young children. We assessed children's preference for commonly delivered types of attention across 31 preschool-aged participants (Experiment 1). Next, we conducted a reinforcer assessment (Experiment 2) and a progressive-ratio assessment (Experiment 3) to (a) validate the results of the preference assessment and (b) determine the relative reinforcing efficacy of each type of attention. Results of Experiment 1 showed that most participants preferred conversation or physical interaction. Results of Experiment 2 validated the results of Experiment 1 showing preferred types of attention were more likely to function as reinforcers. Finally, although some types of attention functioned as reinforcers, results of Experiment 3 indicated these reinforcers only maintained responding under relatively dense schedules of reinforcement. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Harper
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas
| | | | - Adam M Briggs
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University
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16
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Butler C, Graff RB. Stability of preference and reinforcing efficacy of edible, leisure, and social attention stimuli. J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 54:684-699. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Butler
- New England Center for Children
- Department of Psychology Western New England University
| | - Richard B. Graff
- Department of Psychology Western New England University
- May Institute
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17
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Conine DE, Morris SL, Kronfli FR, Slanzi CM, Petronelli AK, Kalick L, Vollmer TR. Comparing the results of one-session, two-session, and three-session MSWO preference assessments. J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 54:700-712. [PMID: 33465255 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The multiple-stimulus-without-replacement (MSWO) preference assessment is commonly used in behavior-analytic research and practice. As originally published, the MSWO included 5 sessions in an effort to confirm stimulus preferences. Subsequent researchers have evaluated the validity of MSWO outcomes when the assessment is abbreviated. Generally, valid outcomes have been noted for 3-session MSWOs (that is, the outcomes match those of the 5-session version), while validity outcomes for 1- or 2-session MSWOs have varied across studies. The current study utilized data from 157 MSWO preference assessments conducted in previously published research with 49 total participants and analyzed the extent to which 1-session or 2-session variations of those assessments would have yielded similar outcomes as a 3-session assessment. Results indicate that the hierarchies produced by both abbreviated formats were strongly correlated with those produced by a 3-session assessment. However, neither 1- nor 2-session MSWOs reliably identified the same highest-preferred stimuli as a 3-session MSWO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faris R Kronfli
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University
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Cengher M, Clayborne JC, O'Connor JT. Assessment and treatment of escape from attention in the form of conversation. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Cengher
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Joy C. Clayborne
- Behavioral Psychology Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Julia T. O'Connor
- Behavioral Psychology Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
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Curiel H, Curiel ESL, Adame A, Li A. Multiple‐stimulus‐without‐replacement preference assessment tool. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Curiel
- Department of Psychological Science University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas USA
| | - Emily S. L. Curiel
- Department of Human Development and School Services University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas USA
| | - Antonio Adame
- Department of Computer Science University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas USA
| | - Anita Li
- Department of Psychology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo Michigan USA
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Morris SL, Vollmer TR. Evaluating the function of social interaction using time allocation as a dependent measure: A replication and extension. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 53:2405-2420. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lambert JM, Houchins-Juárez NJ. Do Functional Analyses Probe Learning Histories, Or Create Them? An Exploratory Investigation. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 125:200-216. [PMID: 32357105 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-125.3.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During functional analysis (FA), therapists arrange contingencies between potential reinforcers and problem behavior. It is unclear whether this fact, in and of itself, facilitates problem behavior's acquisition of new (false-positive) functions. If problem behavior can come under the control of contingencies contrived between it and known reinforcers for which there is no direct history, then outcomes of reinforcer analysis (RA) should perfectly predict FA outcomes. This study evaluated the degree to which RA outcomes corresponded with FA outcomes for eight participants referred to a university-based outpatient clinic for problem behavior. For 75% (6 of 8) of participants, correspondence was imperfect. These findings appear to support the construct validity of contemporary interpretations of FA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Lambert
- Joseph M. Lambert and Nealetta J. Houchins-Juárez, Vanderbilt University
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22
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Morris SL, Vollmer TR. A comparison of methods for assessing preference for social interactions. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 53:918-937. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morris SL, Vollmer TR. A comparison of picture and GIF‐based preference assessments for social interaction. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 53:1452-1465. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cengher M, Fienup DM. Presession attention affects the acquisition of tacts and intraverbals. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 53:1742-1767. [PMID: 31679170 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of presession attention on the acquisition of tacts (Experiment 1) and intraverbals (Experiment 2) in children diagnosed with autism. Each participant experienced 3 conditions. In the first 2 conditions, participants experienced a 15-min interval of either presession attention (PA) or no presession attention (NPA) followed by a teaching session. The third condition was a control condition. Across experiments, all participants acquired the verbal operants assigned to the NPA condition, whereas only 4 of the 6 participants acquired the verbal operants assigned to the PA condition. Five of the 6 participants required fewer sessions to meet the mastery criterion and a shorter duration of training for the verbal operants assigned to the NPA condition as compared to the PA condition. These outcomes suggest that antecedent manipulations traditionally reserved for mand training can positively affect the acquisition of other verbal operants. Theoretical implications are discussed.
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Briggs AM, Dozier CL, Lessor AN, Kamana BU, Jess RL. Further investigation of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior without extinction for escape-maintained destructive behavior. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 52:956-973. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Clay CJ, Bloom SE, Slocum TA, Samaha AL, Callard CH. Language preference and reinforcing efficacy of praise in bilingual children with disabilities. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 53:536-544. [PMID: 31292980 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a stimulus preference assessment to identify preference for praise delivered in English versus Spanish for bilingual students. Next, a concurrent-operant reinforcer assessment was used to evaluate the reinforcer efficacy of praise in each language. Participants showed limited to no preference for one language over another. One participant showed a slight preference for Spanish praise and Spanish praise functioned as a slightly more potent reinforcer. If a participant did not prefer a specific language of praise (i.e., undifferentiated preference or equal percentage of approaches), both languages were considered to be similarly reinforcing.
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Morris SL, Vollmer TR. Evaluating the stability, validity, and utility of hierarchies produced by the Social Interaction Preference Assessment. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 53:522-535. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Morris SL, Vollmer TR. Assessing preference for types of social interaction. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 52:1064-1075. [PMID: 31268168 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Morris
- Florida Autism Center and University of Florida
- University of Florida
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Heinicke MR, Carr JE, Copsey CJ. Assessing preferences of individuals with developmental disabilities using alternative stimulus modalities: A systematic review. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 52:847-869. [PMID: 31045241 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify investigations comparing the efficacy of alternative modality (e.g., pictorial, verbal, video) stimulus preference assessments for individuals with developmental disabilities. We identified articles by searching peer-reviewed journals using the PsycINFO and ERIC databases, conducting table of contents searches of common behavioral outlets, and conducting ancestral searches of recent reviews and practitioner summaries of preference assessment methodology. A total of 32 articles met our inclusion criteria. These studies were then coded across a variety of features to gain a better understanding of the efficacy of alternative format preference assessments for individuals with developmental disabilities. In addition, we reviewed this literature for the use of prerequisite-skill assessments and contingent-reinforcer access to further investigate the relation between these variables and the accuracy of pictorial, verbal, and video preference assessments. A variety of methodological concerns are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
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Castelluccio NT, Johnson C. Using stimulus preference assessments to identify preferred break environments. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 52:772-787. [PMID: 31016724 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A pictorial preference assessment was conducted for 2 individuals with autism who had programmed breaks in their behavior plans. Assessed break environments were individualized, based on indirect assessments and direct observations. The most highly (HP) and least preferred (LP) environments and a control with no associated break were included in a subsequent reinforcer assessment using a concurrent-chains arrangement within a reversal design. Participants selected a multitask sequence (initial link) associated with one of the break environments. Phase A evaluated the reinforcing properties of all three breaks; the HP was removed in Phase B. Both participants allocated more responding to HP than LP, and to LP than control, suggesting that breaks functioned as reinforcers. The results indicated that preference assessment technology can be used to identify highly preferred breaks that function as reinforcers. Social validity measures indicated that the individuals' clinicians found the results useful for future clinical programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cammarie Johnson
- New England Center for Children and Western New England University
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31
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Matsuda S, Omori T, McCleery JP, Yamamoto J. Comparing Reinforcement Values of Facial Expressions: An Eye-Tracking Study. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40732-019-00330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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McNamara K, Cividini‐Motta C. Further evaluation of treatments for vocal stereotypy: Response interruption and redirection and response cost. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiersty McNamara
- Department of Child and Family StudiesUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Catia Cividini‐Motta
- Department of Child and Family StudiesUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
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Clay CJ, Samaha AL, Bogoev BK. Assessing preference for and reinforcing efficacy of components of social interaction in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wolfe K, Kunnavatana SS, Shoemaker AM. An Investigation of a Video-Based Preference Assessment of Social Interactions. Behav Modif 2017; 42:729-746. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445517731062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined the use of a paired-stimulus, video-based preference assessment (VPA) to identify high- and low-preference social interactions for three children with autism spectrum disorder. We conducted two VPAs with each participant: one with access to the interaction contingent on each selection and one without access. We also conducted a concurrent-operant reinforcer assessment to evaluate the accuracy of the VPAs in identifying reinforcers. For two participants, the VPAs corresponded strongly and the results of the reinforcer assessment suggest that the high-preference interaction produced more of the target response than the low-preference interaction. For the other participant, the VPAs identified different high- and low-preference interactions, and the results of the reinforcer assessment suggest that the VPA without access may have been more accurate in identifying a reinforcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Wolfe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Mangiapanello KA, Hemmes NS. An Analysis of Feedback from a Behavior Analytic Perspective. THE BEHAVIOR ANALYST 2015; 38:51-75. [PMID: 27606167 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-014-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present paper presents a systematic analysis from a behavior analytic perspective of procedures termed feedback. Although feedback procedures are widely reported in the discipline of psychology, including in the field of behavior analysis, feedback is neither consistently defined nor analyzed. Feedback is frequently treated as a principle of behavior; however, its effects are rarely analyzed in terms of well-established principles of learning and behavior analysis. On the assumption that effectiveness of feedback procedures would be enhanced when their use is informed by these principles, we sought to provide a conceptually systematic account of feedback effects in terms of operant conditioning principles. In the first comprehensive review of this type, we compare feedback procedures with those of well-defined operant procedures. We also compare the functional relations that have been observed between parameters of consequence delivery and behavior under both feedback and operant procedures. The similarities observed in the preceding analyses suggest that processes revealed in operant conditioning procedures are sufficient to explain the phenomena observed in studies on feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Mangiapanello
- The Graduate School, City University of New York, New York, NY USA ; Department of Psychology, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, NY 11367 USA
| | - Nancy S Hemmes
- The Graduate School, City University of New York, New York, NY USA ; Department of Psychology, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, NY 11367 USA
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