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Atukorala ADS, Ratnayake RK. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the development of a cleft lip and/or cleft palate; insights from zebrafish (Danio rerio). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1650-1660. [PMID: 33099891 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are immediately recognizable congenital abnormalities of the face. Lip and palate develop from facial primordia through the coordinated activities of ectodermal epithelium and neural crest cells (NCCs) derived from ectomesenchyme tissue. Subtle changes in the regulatory mechanisms of NCC or ectodermal epithelial cells can result in CLP. Genetic and environmental contributions or a combination of both play a significant role in the progression of CLP. Model organisms provide us with a wealth of information in understanding the pathophysiology and genetic etiology of this complex disease. Small teleost, zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the popular model in craniofacial developmental biology. The short generation time and large number of optically transparent, easily manipulated embryos increase the value of zebrafish to identify novel candidate genes and gene regulatory networks underlying craniofacial development. In addition, it is widely used to identify the mechanisms of environmental teratogens and in therapeutic drug screening. Here, we discuss the value of zebrafish as a model to understand epithelial and NCC induced ectomesenchymal cell activities during early palate morphogenesis and robustness of the zebrafish in modern research on identifying the genetic and environmental etiological factors of CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukorallaya Devi Sewvandini Atukorala
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ravindra Kumar Ratnayake
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Kurogi K, Yoshihama M, Horton A, Schiefer IT, Krasowski MD, Hagey LR, Williams FE, Sakakibara Y, Kenmochi N, Suiko M, Liu MC. Identification and characterization of 5α-cyprinol-sulfating cytosolic sulfotransferases (Sults) in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:120-127. [PMID: 28807679 PMCID: PMC5675747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
5α-Cyprinol 27-sulfate is the major biliary bile salt present in cypriniform fish including the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The current study was designed to identify the zebrafish cytosolic sulfotransferase (Sult) enzyme(s) capable of sulfating 5α-cyprinol and to characterize the zebrafish 5α-cyprinol-sulfating Sults in comparison with human SULT2A1. Enzymatic assays using zebrafish homogenates showed 5α-cyprinol-sulfating activity. A systematic analysis, using a panel of recombinant zebrafish Sults, revealed two Sult2 subfamily members, Sult2st2 and Sult2st3, as major 5α-cyprinol-sulfating Sults. Both enzymes showed higher activities using 5α-cyprinol as the substrate, compared to their activity with DHEA, a representative substrate for mammalian SULT2 family members, particularly SULT2A1. pH-Dependence and kinetics experiments indicated that the catalytic properties of zebrafish Sult2 family members in mediating the sulfation of 5α-cyprinol were different from those of either zebrafish Sult3st4 or human SULT2A1. Collectively, these results imply that both Sult2st2 and Sult2st3 have evolved to sulfate specifically C27-bile alcohol, 5α-cyprinol, in Cypriniform fish, whereas the enzymatic characteristics of zebrafish Sult3 members, particularly Sult3st4, correlated with those of human SULT2A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshihama
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Frontier Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Austin Horton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Isaac T Schiefer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Matthew D Krasowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, RCP 6233, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frederick E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Naoya Kenmochi
- Frontier Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahito Suiko
- Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Xia Q, Luo J, Mei X, Wang Y, Huang W, Wang J, Yang R, Ma Z, Lin R. A developmental toxicity assay of Carpesii Fructus on zebrafish embryos/larvae. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:460-467. [PMID: 30090514 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carpesii Fructus, the dried fruit of Carpesium abrotanoides L., has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for centuries to kill intestinal parasites in children. It has been recorded as a mildly toxic medicine in the Chinese pharmacopoeia. However, little proof of its toxicology has been reported in modern pharmacology. This study investigated for the first time its developmental toxicity on zebrafish embryos/larvae from 6 to 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). In addition, the enzymes and genes associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis were tested to investigate the potential toxicologic mechanism preliminarily. The observation of toxicologic endpoints showed the developmental toxicity of Carpesii Fructus. Pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, bleeding tendency, and enlarged yolk were the most commonly occurring morphological changes observed in our study. According to the results of acridine orange staining and morphological observation, the developing heart was speculated to be the target organ of toxicity. Furthermore, Carpesii Fructus exposure changed the activities of defense enzymes, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, decreased caspase-3 activity, and altered mRNA levels of related genes (ogg1, p53, Cu/Zn-Sod, Mn-Sod, and Cat↓; Gpx↑) in zebrafish larvae, indicating that oxidative stress and additional apoptosis should have roles in the developmental toxicity of Carpesii Fructus. This is the first study that provides proof of modern pharmacology on the teratogenicity and possible toxicologic mechanism of Carpesii Fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica , School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-8473-8653
| | - Jun Luo
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica , School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-8473-8653
| | - Xue Mei
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica , School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-8473-8653
| | - Yutong Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica , School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-8473-8653
| | - Wanzhen Huang
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica , School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-8473-8653
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica , School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-8473-8653
| | - Ranran Yang
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica , School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-8473-8653
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica , School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-8473-8653
| | - Ruichao Lin
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica , School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-8473-8653
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Brender JD, Werler MM, Shinde MU, Vuong AM, Kelley KE, Huber JC, Sharkey JR, Griesenbeck JS, Romitti PA, Malik S, Suarez L, Langlois PH, Canfield MA. Nitrosatable drug exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and selected congenital malformations. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2012; 94:701-13. [PMID: 22903972 PMCID: PMC3488451 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrosatable drugs can react with nitrite in the stomach to form N-nitroso compounds, and results from animal studies suggest that N-nitroso compounds are teratogens. With data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the relation between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and limb deficiencies, oral cleft, and heart malformations in offspring was examined. METHODS Maternal reports of drugs taken during the first trimester of pregnancy were classified with respect to nitrosatability for mothers of 741 babies with limb deficiencies, 2774 with oral cleft malformations, 8091 with congenital heart malformations, and 6807 without major congenital malformations. Nitrite intake was estimated from maternal responses to a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Isolated transverse limb deficiencies and atrioventricular septal defects were associated with secondary amine drug exposures (adjusted odds ratios [aORs], 1.51; 95% confidence limit [CI], 1.11-2.06 and aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.19-3.26, respectively). Tertiary amines were associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.10-2.04) and single ventricle (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.06-2.45). These two malformations were also significantly associated with amide drugs. For several malformations, the strongest associations with nitrosatable drug use occurred among mothers with the highest estimated dietary nitrite intake, especially for secondary amines and atrioventricular septal defects (highest tertile of nitrite, aOR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.44-7.58). CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs may be associated with several congenital malformations, especially with higher nitrite intake. The possible interaction between nitrosatable drugs and dietary nitrite on risk of congenital malformations warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean D Brender
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, School of Rural Public Health, College Station, Texas 77843-1266, USA.
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Lee O, Takesono A, Tada M, Tyler CR, Kudoh T. Biosensor zebrafish provide new insights into potential health effects of environmental estrogens. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:990-6. [PMID: 22510978 PMCID: PMC3404660 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental estrogens alter hormone signaling in the body that can induce reproductive abnormalities in both humans and wildlife. Available testing systems for estrogens are focused on specific systems such as reproduction. Crucially, however, the potential for significant health impacts of environmental estrogen exposures on a variety of body systems may have been overlooked. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to develop and apply a sensitive transgenic zebrafish model to assess real-time effects of environmental estrogens on signaling mechanisms in a whole body system for use in integrated health assessments. METHODS We created a novel transgenic biosensor zebrafish containing an estrogen-inducible promoter derived with multiple tandem estrogen responsive elements (EREs) and a Gal4ff-UAS system for enhanced response sensitivity. RESULTS Using our novel estrogen-responsive transgenic (TG) zebrafish, we identified target tissues for environmental estrogens; these tissues have very high sensitivity even at environmentally relevant concentrations. Exposure of the TG fish to estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) induced specific expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a wide variety of tissues including the liver, heart, skeletal muscle, otic vesicle, forebrain, lateral line, and ganglions, most of which have not been established previously as targets for estrogens in fish. Furthermore, we found that different EDCs induced GFP expression with different tissue response patterns and time trajectories, suggesting different potential health effects. CONCLUSION We have developed a powerful new model for understanding toxicological effects, mechanisms, and health impacts of environmental estrogens in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okhyun Lee
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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