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Beserra FP, Gushiken LFS, Hussni MF, Ribeiro VP, Bonamin F, Jackson CJ, Pellizzon CH, Bastos JK. Artepillin C as an outstanding phenolic compound of Brazilian green propolis for disease treatment: A review on pharmacological aspects. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2274-2286. [PMID: 32935428 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a viscous resin consisting of plant material (shoots, flowers, and plant exudates), salivary secretions and waxes produced by Apis mellifera bees. Its popular use aroused the interests of scientific research, which proved to be a potential source of various bioactive substances. The chemical composition of propolis depends on several factors, such as the different types of plant sources collected by bees, geographic origin, and the time of year in which they are produced, but it is known that phenolic represent the main bioactive constituents of propolis. Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) is the most important botanical source of propolis and a native to southeastern Brazil. It is widely known as the green propolis because of its deep green color. One of its major phenolic acids is artepillin C (Art-C), a diprenyl-p-hydroxycinnamic acid derivative. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of Art-C. The limited number of publications on this topic over the past two decades have been collected from databases and summarized. Numerous biological activities have been described for the Art-C, such as gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor. This article describes aspects of occurrence, synthesis, biological activities and pharmacokinetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pereira Beserra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fernanda Hussni
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Pena Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Christopher John Jackson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney (USYD) at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cláudia Helena Pellizzon
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Shahinozzaman M, Basak B, Emran R, Rozario P, Obanda DN. Artepillin C: A comprehensive review of its chemistry, bioavailability, and pharmacological properties. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104775. [PMID: 33152464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artepillin C (ARC), a prenylated derivative of p-coumaric acid, is one of the major phenolic compounds found in Brazilian green propolis (BGP) and its botanical source Baccharis dracunculifolia. Numerous studies on ARC show that its beneficial health effects correlate with the health effects of both BGP and B. dracunculifolia. Its wide range of pharmacological benefits include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer effects. Most studies have focused on anti-oxidation, inflammation, diabetic, and cancers using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Mechanisms underlying anti-cancer properties of ARC are apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a protein characterized in many human diseases/disorders including COVID-19 infection. Therefore, further pre-clinical and clinical studies with ARC are necessary to explore its potential as intervention for a wide variety of diseases including the recent pandemic coronaviral infection. This review summarizes the comprehensive data on the pharmacological effects of ARC and could be a guideline for its future study and therapeutic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Patricia Rozario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Diana N Obanda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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do Prado AF, Bannwart CM, Shinkai VMT, de Souza Lima IM, Meschiari CA. Phyto-derived Products as Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Hypertens Rev 2020; 17:47-58. [PMID: 32386496 DOI: 10.2174/1573402116666200510011356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that present a metallic element in their structure. These enzymes are ubiquitously distributed and function as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelers. MMPs play a broad role in cardiovascular biology regulating processes such as cell adhesion and function, cellular communication and differentiation, integration of mechanical force and force transmission, tissue remodeling, modulation of damaged-tissue structural integrity, cellular survival or apoptosis and regulation of inflammation-related cytokines and growth factors. MMPs inhibition and downregulation are correlated with minimization of cardiac damage, i.e., Chinese herbal medicine has shown to stabilize abdominal aorta aneurysm due to its antiinflammatory, antioxidant and MMP-2 and 9 inhibitory properties. Thus phyto-derived products rise as promising sources for novel therapies focusing on MMPs inhibition and downregulation to treat or prevent cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F do Prado
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Cahy M Bannwart
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Victoria M T Shinkai
- Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | | | - César A Meschiari
- Health and Sports Science Center, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
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Arruda C, Pena Ribeiro V, Oliveira Almeida M, Aldana Mejía JA, Casoti R, Kenupp Bastos J. Effect of light, oxygen and temperature on the stability of artepillin C and p-coumaric acid from Brazilian green propolis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112922. [PMID: 31679843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian Green Propolis (BGP) is an important bee product, which displays important biological activities, making it valuable in the international market. The major prenylated phenolic compound in BPG is (E)-artepillin C, along with its precursor (E)-p-coumaric acid, both contributing to the biological effects of BGP. Taking that into account, it was evaluated the effect of light, temperature and air oxygen in their content to establish the best storage and transport conditions for crude BGP and the pure compounds. For that, (E)-artepillin C and (E)-p-coumaric acid were initially submitted to degradation for five days under sunlight and high temperature (50 °C), furnishing three major (E)-Artepillin C isomers and one from (E)-p-coumaric acid. Then, it was developed and validated a Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for quantifying these compounds in crude BGP and in its extracts. In the stability studies, it was used a Full Factorial and Central Composite Design to establish the desirable storage conditions. (E)-Artepillin C, both pure and in BGP should be kept protected from light and storage below -2.5 °C. (E)-p-Coumaric acid can be stored at room temperature. Therefore, the best storage and transport conditions to keep the content of both compounds in BGP are protection from light at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arruda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, 14040-930, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Pena Ribeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, 14040-930, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, 14040-930, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jennyfer Andrea Aldana Mejía
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, 14040-930, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Casoti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, 14040-930, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, 14040-930, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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López-Romero D, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Alvarez-Gonzalez I, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán E. Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 2: Plants, Vegetables, and Natural Resin. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1954. [PMID: 30544726 PMCID: PMC6316078 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens, or teratogens. Genotoxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases, including hepatic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders; diabetes; arthritis; cancer; chronic inflammation; and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown the antigenotoxic potential of different fruits and plants (Part 1). In this review (Part 2), we present a research overview conducted on some plants and vegetables (spirulina, broccoli, chamomile, cocoa, ginger, laurel, marigold, roselle, and rosemary), which are frequently consumed by humans. In addition, an analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from those vegetables and the analysis of a resin (propolis),whose antigenotoxic power has been demonstrated in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus, and comet assay, was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David López-Romero
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Jeannett A Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas". Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Isela Alvarez-Gonzalez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas". Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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Rodrigues CRF, Plentz LC, Flores MDA, Dihl RR, Lehmann M. Assessment of genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of artepillin C in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shruthi S, Vijayalaxmi K. Antigenotoxic effects of a polyherbal drug septilin against the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in mice. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:563-571. [PMID: 28959580 PMCID: PMC5615931 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Septilin (Spt) is a polyherbal drug formulation from Himalaya Drug Company, consisting of extracts from different medicinal plants and minerals. In the traditional system of medicine, septilin is being used as immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, the protective effects of septilin against the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP) a widely used alkylating anticancer drug was evaluated by using in vivo micronucleus (MN) and sperm shape abnormality assays in Swiss albino mice. CP administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. was used as positive mutagen. Different doses of septilin viz., 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. was orally administered for 5 consecutive days. CP was administered intraperitoneally on 5th day. MN and sperm preparations were made after 24 h and 35 days respectively. CP induced significant MN in both bone marrow and peripheral blood cells and also a high frequency of abnormal sperms. In septilin supplemented animals, no significant induction of MN and abnormal sperms was recorded. In septilin supplemented groups, a dose dependent significant decrease in CP induced clastogenicity was observed. Thus the current in vivo study revealed the antigenotoxic effects of septilin against CP induced damage, in both somatic and germ cells of Swiss albino mice.
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Key Words
- A, amorphous
- Antigenotoxic
- B, banana shaped
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose
- CP, cyclophosphamide
- Cyclophosphamide
- DH, double headed
- DT, double tailed
- F, folded
- H, hookless
- MN, micronucleus
- MNNCE, micronucleus in normochromatic erythrocytes
- MNPCE, micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes
- Micronucleus test
- NCE, normochromatic erythrocytes
- PCE, polychromatic erythrocytes
- Septilin
- Sperm abnormality
- Spt, septilin
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shruthi
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, D.K., India
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de Oliveira PF, Lima IMDS, Monteiro Neto MDAB, Bastos JK, da Silva Filho AA, Tavares DC. Evaluation of genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of artepillin C in V79 cells by the comet and micronucleus assays. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1098-103. [PMID: 23915392 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.815233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-p-coumaric acid) is one of the major phenolic compounds found in Brazilian green propolis, as well as in its botanical source, Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae). The present study evaluated the possible genotoxic and protective activities of artepillin C, in vitro, using methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as a positive control, by comet and micronucleus assays. The cultures of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells) were treated with different concentrations of artepillin C (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20 μM). In antigenotoxicity assessment, the 3 concentrations of artepillin C (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μM) were associated with MMS (200 μM-comet assay and 400 μM-micronucleus assay). A statistically significant increase in the DNA damage and micronucleus frequencies was observed in the culture treated with the highest concentration of the artepillin C in comparison to the control group. All concentrations of artepillin C showed protective activity in relation to MMS-induced genotoxicity, which may be due to its antioxidant properties.
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Almeida MR, Darin JDC, Hernandes LC, de Souza Ramos MF, Antunes LMG, de Freitas O. Genotoxicity assessment of Copaiba oil and its fractions in Swiss mice. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:664-72. [PMID: 23055807 PMCID: PMC3459418 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012005000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copaiba oil-resin, extracted from the trunk of Copaifera, and traditionally used in folk medicine in the treatment of various disorders, has been shown to be an effective antiinflamatory, antitumor, antitetanus, antiseptic and anti-blenorrhagea agent. As, there are few studies evaluating its genotoxicity, this aspect of the commercial oil-resin, and its volatile and resinous fractions, were evaluated in mice by comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test. A single dose of oil resin, volatile or resin fractions (500; 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg b.w.) was administered by gavage. The chemical compositions of Copaiba oil resin and its fractions was analyzed by gas chromatography. According to comet assaying, treatment with either one did not increase DNA damage, and as to MN testing, there was no alteration in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Chromatographic analysis of the oil-resin itself revealed sesquiterpenes, diterpenic carboxylic acid methyl esters and high levels of β-caryophyllene. Thus, it can be assumed that the oil resin and volatile and resinous fractions from the commercial product are not genotoxic or mutagenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ribeiro Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Szliszka E, Zydowicz G, Mizgala E, Krol W. Artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) sensitizes LNCaP prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:818-28. [PMID: 22735465 PMCID: PMC3582787 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring phenolic compounds have been shown to sensitize prostate cancer cells to tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. TRAIL is a potent stimulator of apoptosis in cancer cells and an important immune effector molecule in the surveillance and elimination of developing tumours. However, many cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL-mediated death. In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanisms by which TRAIL resistance can be overcome in prostate cancer cells by 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (artepillin C). Artepillin C is a bioactive component of Brazilian green propolis that possesses antitumour and chemopreventive activities. TRAIL-resistant LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with TRAIL and artepillin C. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Apoptosis was detected using Annexin V-FITC staining by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Death receptor (DR) (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5) expression was analyzed using flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated using DePsipher staining by fluorescence micro scopy. The inhibition of NF-κB (p65) activation was confirmed with the ELISA-based TransAM NF-κB kit. Caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities were determined by colorimetric protease assays. The results showed that artepillin C sensitized the TRAIL-resistant LNCaP cells by engaging the extrinsic (receptor-mediated) and intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathways. Artepillin C increased the expression of TRAIL-R2 and decreased the activity of NF-κB. Co-treatment with TRAIL and artepillin C induced the significant activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, as well as the disruption of ΔΨm. These findings show that prostate cancer cells can be sensitized to TRAIL-mediated immunoprevention by artepillin C and confirm the role of phenolic compounds in prostate cancer immunochemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szliszka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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Resende FA, Munari CC, de Azevedo Bentes Monteiro Neto M, Tavares DC, Bastos JK, da Silva Filho AA, Varanda EA. Comparative Studies of the (Anti) Mutagenicity of Baccharis dracunculifolia and Artepillin C by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test. Molecules 2012; 17:2335-50. [PMID: 22367028 PMCID: PMC6268188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17032335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Baccharis dracunculifolia is a plant native from Brazil, commonly known as ‘Alecrim-do-campo’ and ‘Vassoura’ and used in alternative medicine for the treatment of inflammation, hepatic disorders and stomach ulcers. Previous studies reported that artepillin C (ArtC, 3-{4-hydroxy-3,5-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl}-2(E)-propenoic acid), is the main compound of interest in the leaves. This study was undertaken to assess the mutagenic effect of the ethyl acetate extract of B. dracunculifolia leaves (Bd-EAE: 11.4–182.8 µg/plate) and ArtC (0.69–10.99 µg/plate) by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a, TA100 and TA102, and to compare the protective effects of Bd-EAE and ArtC against the mutagenicity of a variety of direct and indirect acting mutagens such as 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, sodium azide, mitomycin C, benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin B1, 2-aminoanthracene and 2-aminofluorene.The mutagenicity test showed that Bd-EAE and ArtC did not induce an increase in the number of revertant colonies indicating absence of mutagenic activity. ArtC showed a similar antimutagenic effect to that of Bd-EAE in some strains of S. typhimurium, demonstrating that the antimutagenic activity of Bd-EAE can be partially attributed to ArtC. The present results showed that the protective effect of whole plant extracts is due to the combined and synergistic effects of a complex mixture of phytochemicals, the total activity of which may result in health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 14801-902, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ademar Alves da Silva Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36035-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 14801-902, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-16-3301-6951; Fax: +55-16-3301-6940
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