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Zhang Y, Han Y, Zhu S, Qing F, Xue X, Chu L. Light‐Induced Divergent Cyanation of Alkynes Enabled by Phosphorus Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210838. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials Donghua University College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yunhong Han
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials Donghua University College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 P. R. China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials Donghua University College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Shanghai 201620 China
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2
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Rao RS, Sahani A, Ali SH, Pradhan S, Ramanathan CR.
γ‐Al
2
O
3
/triflic acid as cooperative catalysts for the tandem Michael addition/carbocyclization: An easy access to 2‐substituted pyrrolo[2,1‐
a
]isoquinolines and 3‐substituted pyrrolidine‐2,5‐diones. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Sahani
- Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University Puducherry India
| | | | - Sumanta Pradhan
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR—National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
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3
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Ohara N, Rej S, Chatani N. Rh(I)-catalyzed Addition of the ortho C-H Bond in Aryl Sulfonamides to Maleimides. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Ohara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Supriya Rej
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Zhou Y, Liang H, Sheng Y, Wang S, Gao Y, Zhan L, Zheng Z, Yang M, Liang G, Zhou J, Deng J, Song Z. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed C-H Activation of Chromones with Maleimides to Synthesize Succinimide/Maleimide-Containing Chromones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9230-9243. [PMID: 32578431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient route for the coupling of maleimides with chromones at the C5-position has been developed under Ru(II) catalysis. It could provide 1,4-addition products and oxidative Heck-type products by switching additives. Benzoic acid led to the formation of 1,4-addition products under solvent-free conditions, and silver acetate was promoted to the generation of oxidative Heck-type products. Various maleimides and chromones were suitable for this transformation, affording the desired products with good to excellent yields in a short reaction time. To understand the mechanism of this reaction, deuteration studies and control experiments have been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yaoguang Sheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhilong Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Zengqiang Song
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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5
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Vivek Kumar S, Banerjee S, Punniyamurthy T. Transition metal-catalyzed coupling of heterocyclic alkenes via C–H functionalization: recent trends and applications. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic alkenes and their derivatives are an important class of reactive feedstock and valuable synthons. This review highlights the transition-metal-catalyzed coupling of heterocyclic alkenes via a C–H functionalization strategy.
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6
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Mandal R, Emayavaramban B, Sundararaju B. Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed C–H Alkylation with Maleimides Using Weakly Coordinating Carbonyl Directing Groups. Org Lett 2018; 20:2835-2838. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Mandal
- Fine Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balakumar Emayavaramban
- Fine Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Basker Sundararaju
- Fine Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Chen X, Ren J, Xie H, Sun W, Sun M, Wu B. Cobalt(iii)-catalyzed 1,4-addition of C–H bonds of oximes to maleimides. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00687j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An oxime directed cobalt-catalyzed sp2 C–H bond addition reaction was developed with a broad substrate scope and no external additives were needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Hu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
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8
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Adsorption and anticorrosion behavior of 1-((pyridin-2-ylamino)(pyridin-4-yl)methyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione on mild steel surface in hydrochloric acid solution. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Bettadapur KR, Lanke V, Prabhu KR. A deciduous directing group approach for the addition of aryl and vinyl nucleophiles to maleimides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6251-6254. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02392h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation followed by conjugate addition to maleimides, using carboxylic acid as a traceless/deciduous directing group, to formally furnish a Csp2–Csp3 bond is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran R. Bettadapur
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012
- India
| | - Veeranjaneyulu Lanke
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012
- India
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10
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Bettadapur KR, Lanke V, Prabhu KR. Ru (II)-Catalyzed C–H Activation: Ketone-Directed Novel 1,4-Addition of Ortho C–H Bond to Maleimides. Org Lett 2015; 17:4658-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran R. Bettadapur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Veeranjaneyulu Lanke
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Kandikere Ramaiah Prabhu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
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11
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Garad DN, Tanpure SD, Mhaske SB. Radical-mediated dehydrative preparation of cyclic imides using (NH4)2S2O8-DMSO: application to the synthesis of vernakalant. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015. [PMID: 26199655 PMCID: PMC4505096 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium persulfate–dimethyl sulfoxide (APS–DMSO) has been developed as an efficient and new dehydrating reagent for a convenient one-pot process for the synthesis of miscellaneous cyclic imides in high yields starting from readily available primary amines and cyclic anhydrides. A plausible radical mechanism involving DMSO has been proposed. The application of this facile one-pot imide forming process has been demonstrated for a practical synthesis of vernakalant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar N Garad
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Subhash D Tanpure
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Santosh B Mhaske
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Pune 411 008, India
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12
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Matviiuk T, Baltas M, Voitenko Z, Gorichko M, Lherbet C. 2-(9 H-Fluoren-9-yl)-4-(4-fluoroanilino)-4-oxobutanoic acid. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o963. [PMID: 23795121 PMCID: PMC3685102 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813013779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Rankin GO. Nephrotoxicity induced by C- and N-arylsuccinimides. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2004; 7:399-416. [PMID: 15371242 DOI: 10.1080/10937400490486113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The succinimide ring is incorporated into hundreds of compounds that are widely used as agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical agents. Some succinimide derivatives that contain an aryl group on the ethylene bridge of the succinimide ring (C-arylsuccinimides) or on the nitrogen atom (N-arylsuccinimides) induce nephrotoxicity in humans and/or laboratory animals. Acute toxicity induced by this general class of compounds is typically characterized as polyuric renal failure, while chronic nephrotoxicity is seen as chronic interstitial nephritis. In this review, the structure-nephrotoxicity relationships, biotransformation, and mechanisms of nephrotoxicity for the C- and N-arylsuccinimides are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25704-9388, USA.
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Rankin GO, Beers KW, Nicoll DW, Anestis DK, Shih HC, Brown PI, Hubbard JL. Role of para-hydroxylation in phensuximide-induced urotoxicity in the Fischer 344 rat. Toxicology 1992; 74:77-88. [PMID: 1514190 DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(92)90045-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phensuximide (PSX) is an antiepileptic agent which has been shown to induce hemorrhagic cystitis and mild nephrotoxicity following repeated administration in man or rats or when acutely administered to phenobarbital-pretreated rats. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of para-hydroxylation of the phenyl group of PSX in PSX-induced urotoxicity. Two PSX derivatives, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methylsuccinimide (FMPS) and N-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)succinimide (MMPS), were synthesized and evaluated for urotoxic potential. Male Fischer 344 rats (four rats/group) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) a succinimide (0.4 or 1.0 mmol/kg) or vehicle and renal function monitored for 48 h. In a separate experiment, rats were pretreated with phenobarbital (75 mg/kg/day; 3 days, i.p.) prior to succinimide or succinimide vehicle. In non-phenobarbital pretreated rats, acute FMPS or MMPS treatment had little effect on renal function or morphology at the doses tested. Hematuria (+) was noted in the FMPS (1.0 mmol/kg) group on post-treatment day 2. However, in the phenobarbital-pretreated rats, FMPS (0.4 or 1.0 mmol/kg) induced marked hematuria (++) and increased proteinuria while having little or no effect on other renal functional parameters or renal morphology. At killing, bladders of treated rats were distended with bloody urine and exhibited hemorrhagic areas within the bladder wall. In phenobarbital-pretreated rats, MMPS administration had little effect on any renal functional parameter measured or urological morphology. These results suggest that para-hydroxylation does not contribute to the hemorrhagic cystitis induced by PSX.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755
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15
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Rankin GO, Teets VJ, Nicoll DW, Brown PI. Acute effects of the antiepileptic succinimides on the urinary tract and potentiation of phensuximide-induced urotoxicity by phenobarbital. J Appl Toxicol 1990; 10:203-9. [PMID: 2380483 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2550100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phensuximide (PSX), methsuximide (MSX) and ethosuximide (ESX) are succinimide antiepileptic agents used worldwide in the treatment of absence seizures. A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated that PSX (0.3 or 0.6 mmol kg-1 day-1, i.p.) induced urotoxicity following daily administration for 5-7 days in Fischer 344 rats, but PSX (1.25 mmol kg-1, i.p.) induced only minimal urotoxicity following acute administration. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute nephrotoxic potential of MSX and ESX in male Fischer 344 rats and if antiepileptic succinimide-induced urotoxicity is potentiated by phenobarbital pretreatment. In one set of experiments, rats (four rats per group) were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a succinimide (0.4 or 1.0 mmol kg-1) or vehicle (sesame oil, 2.5 ml kg-1), and the renal function was monitored at 24 and 48 h. Neither ESX or MSX induced substantial changes in renal function or morphology, which suggests that neither compound is acutely nephrotoxic. Similar results were obtained with PSX, which supported our earlier findings with this antiepileptic agent. In a second set of experiments, rats (four rats per group) were pretreated for 3 days with phenobarbital (75 mg kg-1 day-1, i.p.) prior to receiving a succinimide (0.4 or 1.0 mmol kg-1, i.p.) or vehicle (sesame oil, 2.5 ml kg-1, i.p.). Renal function was monitored at 24 and 48 h after the last injection. Phenobarbital pretreatment had only minor effects on ESX- or MSX-induced renal effects, with no significant morphological changes detected between treated and pair-fed control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-9310
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Rankin GO, Shih HC, Teets VJ, Nicoll DW, Brown PI. Acute toxicity induced by 2-aryl-N-methylsuccinimides. J Appl Toxicol 1990; 10:143-52. [PMID: 2362080 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2550100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phensuximide (PSX) is a 2-arylsuccinimide useful in the treatment of absence seizures. PSX is a mild urotoxicant and is structurally related to N-phenylsuccinimide (NPS) and its antifungal derivatives. Since substitution of the phenyl ring of NPS with chloro or tert-butyl groups can produce compounds with enhanced nephrotoxic potential, it was felt that similar substitutions on the phenyl ring of PSX also might produce derivatives with enhanced nephrotoxic potential. Three derivatives of PSX were prepared and tested: 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-methylsuccinimide (CPMS); 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-methylsuccinimide (BPMS) and 2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-methylsuccinimide (DPMS). In one set of experiments, male Fischer 344 rats were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a succinimide (0.4 or 1.0 mmol kg-1) or vehicle (sesame oil, 2.5 ml kg-1) and renal function monitored at 24 and 48 h. Only minor changes in renal function were noted with the PSX derivatives. BPMS and DPMS (1.0 mmol kg-1) treatment induced mild renal tubular necrosis and thickening of the glomerular membranes. However, no significant morphological changes were noted in ureters, bladder or liver in any treatment group. In a second set of experiments, rats were pretreated with phenobarbital (75 mg kg-1 day-1, i.p., 3 days) followed by a single i.p. injection of DPMS (0.4 or 1.0 mmol kg-1) or DPMS vehicle. Renal function was monitored as before. Phenobarbital pretreatment did not markedly enhance the functional nephrotoxicity induced by DPMS (0.4 mmol), but tubular necrosis was greater than observed in non-phenobarbital-pretreated rats receiving DPMS (1.0 mmol kg-1). In addition, hepatotoxicity was observed as the appearance of numerous non-staining vacuoles in hypertrophied hepatocytes. In the phenobarbital plus DPMS (1.0 mmol kg-1) treatment group, all rats died by 48 h. Prior to death, rats exhibited increased proteinuria (+3), hematuria (+3) and blood urea nitrogen concentration. At 24 h, kidneys from rats treated with phenobarbital plus DPMS (1.0 mmol kg-1) exhibited extensive proximal tubular necrosis and numerous glomeruli with thickened membranes. Hepatotoxicity was more pronounced than with phenobarbital plus DPMS (0.4 mmol kg-1) at 48 h and urinary bladders had focal areas of erythrocytes pooling below the epithelial lining. These results demonstrate that although NPS and PSX are structural analogs, chemical substitutions that enhance the nephrotoxic potential of NPS do not have a similar effect on PSX. In addition, DPMS can induce urotoxicity in a manner similar to that observed for PSX and probably induces toxicity via one or more metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755-9310
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Rankin GO, Carl JM, Hubbard JL, Teets VJ, Nicoll DW, Brown PI. Renal and hepatic toxicity of N-arylsuccinimides in Fischer 344 rats. J Appl Toxicol 1989; 9:223-8. [PMID: 2778255 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2550090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of aromaticity in the nephrotoxic potential of N-arylsuccinimides was studied in male Fischer 344 rats. Rats were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of an N-arylsuccinimide derivative (0.4 or 1.0 mmol/kg) or sesame oil (2.5 ml/kg), and the renal function monitored at 24 and 48 h. The parent compound in this series, N-phenylsuccinimide (NPS), had previously been shown to induce only minimal renal effects, having no effect on urine volume, blood urea nitrogen concentration, kidney weight, p-aminohippurate accumulation or renal morphology. Only an increase in tetraethylammonium uptake has been observed following NPS administration to rats. These effects were not enhanced by reducing aromaticity (N-cyclohexylsuccinimide (NCS]. Compounds with increased aromaticity N-(1-naphthyl)succinimide (NNS), N-(1-anthracenyl)succinimide (1-NAS) and N-(9-anthracenyl)succinimide (9-NAS)--also only weakly affected renal function. However, NNS (1.0 mmol/kg) and, to a lesser degree, 9-NAS (1.0 mmol/kg) proved to be hepatotoxins. Liver damage was most pronounced near central vein regions of the lobule and least evident around periportal sites. Damaged liver tissue exhibited unusually large deposits of connective tissue and hypertrophied hepatocytes with numerous vacuoles in their cytoplasm. Therefore, derivatives of NPS with increased or decreased aromaticity relative to the parent compound do not exhibit the ability to induce moderate or marked nephrotoxicity. However, increasing aromaticity did produce the derivatives NNS and 9-NAS, which are hepatotoxins. These compounds represent the first members in this series of compounds to induce acute hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV
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