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Allard JL, Aguirre M, Gupta R, Chua SMH, Shields KA, Lua LHL. Effective Parallel Evaluation of Molecular Design, Expression and Bioactivity of Novel Recombinant Butyrylcholinesterase Medical Countermeasures. Chem Biol Interact 2024:111219. [PMID: 39222902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Current medical countermeasures (MCMs) for nerve agent poisoning have limited efficacy, and can cause serious adverse effects, prompting the requirement for new broad-spectrum therapeutics. Human plasma-derived butyrylcholinseterase (huBChE) is a promising novel bioscavenger MCM which has shown potential in animal studies, however, is economically prohibitive to manufacture at scale. This study addresses current challenges for the economical production of a bioactive and long-acting recombinant huBChE (rBChE) in mammalian cells by being the first to directly compare novel rBChE design strategies. These include co-expression of a proline rich attachment domain (PRAD) and fusion of BChE with a protein partner. Additionally, a pre-purification screening method developed in this study enables parallel comparison of the expression efficiency, activity and broad-spectrum binding to nerve agents for ten novel rBChE molecular designs. All designed rBChE demonstrated functionality to act as broad-spectrum MCMs to G, V and A series nerve agents. Expression using the ExpiCHO™ Max protocol provided greatest expression levels and activity for all constructs, with most rBChE expressing poorly in Expi293™. Fc- or hSA-fused rBChE significantly outperformed constructs designed to mimic huBChE, including PRAD-BChE, and proved an effective strategy to significantly improve enzyme activity and expression. Choice of protein partner, directionality and the addition of a linker also impacted fusion rBChE activity and expression. Overall, hSA fused rBChE provided greatest expression yield and activity, with BChE-hSA the best performing construct. The purified and characterized BChE-hSA demonstrated similar functionality to huBChE to be inhibited by GD, VX and A-234, supporting the findings of the pre-screening study and validating its capacity to assess and streamline the selection process for rBChE constructs in a cost-effective manner. Collectively, these outcomes contribute to risk mitigation in early-stage development, providing a systematic method to compare rBChE designs and a focus for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Allard
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence Branch, Defence Science and Technology Group (DSTG), Victoria, 3027, Australia; Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Miguel Aguirre
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence Branch, Defence Science and Technology Group (DSTG), Victoria, 3027, Australia
| | - Sheena M H Chua
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Katherine A Shields
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence Branch, Defence Science and Technology Group (DSTG), Victoria, 3027, Australia
| | - Linda H L Lua
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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Sun W, Wang N, Zhou X, Sheng Y, Su X. Co, N co-doped porous carbon-based nanozyme as an oxidase mimic for fluorescence and colorimetric biosensing of butyrylcholinesterase activity. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:363. [PMID: 36044087 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A Co, N co-doped porous carbon-based nanozyme (Co-N-C nanozyme) has been fabricated. Taking advantages of the excellent oxidase catalytic activity and significant stability of Co-N-C nanozyme, we propose a fluorescence and colorimetric system based on Co-N-C nanozyme and red-emitting carbon quantum dots (RCDs) for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) sensing. As the chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was catalyzed and oxidized by Co-N-C nanozyme, the generated oxTMB had a new absorption peak at 652 nm, which resulted in the significant quenching of the fluorescence of the carbon quantum dots at 610 nm. Under the catalysis of BChE, thiocholine was generated from the hydrolysis of S-butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTCh), and the as-generated thiocholine effectively inhibited the oxidation of TMB catalyzed by Co-N-C nanozyme, leading to a decrease of the absorption of oxTMB at 652 nm and effective fluorescence recovery of RCDs. By measuring the absorbance of produced oxTMB at 652 nm and the fluorescence of RCDs at 610 nm, the fluorescence and colorimetric system both exhibited an outstanding linear response to the activity of BChE in the range 0.5 to 40 U L-1, with a detection limit of 0.16 U L-1 and 0.21 U L-1, respectively. Furthermore, this established dual-channel biosensing strategy has been successfully applied to the determination of BChE in human serum samples. The present work has effectively expanded the development and application of nanozyme in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuxuan Sheng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xingguang Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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3
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Wang H, Wang J, Li Q, Du J. Substrate-free fluorescence ratiometric detection of serum acetylcholinesterase activity with a self-assembled CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals/tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid nanocomposite. Talanta 2022; 250:123746. [PMID: 35872485 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A dual-emission fluorescent nanoprobe was successfully constructed through self-assembling CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbBr3 PNCs) and tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid (TPPS). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is observed to directly quench the green fluorescence of CsPbBr3 PNCs at 520 nm in the absence of an enzyme substrate, but has no significant influence on the red emission of TPPS at 650 nm. The decreased value of the fluorescence intensities ratio at 520 to 650 nm (ΔF520/F650) is proportional to the logarithmic value of AChE activity ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 U/L. The limit of detection is as low as 0.0042 U/L. The relative standard deviation is 3.6% in eleven consecutive measurements of 0.2 U/L AChE. The method exhibits a good anti-interference capacity since it does not respond to most concomitant species. Satisfactory results are acquired for the determination of AChE activity in human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jianxiu Du
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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Extended retrospective detection of regenerated sarin (GB) in rabbit blood and the IMPA metabolite in urine: a pharmacokinetics study. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2403-2412. [PMID: 34032868 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-term retrospective monitoring of exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents is challenging. We recently developed two highly sensitive analytical methods for regenerated sarin (GB) nerve agent in blood and its primary metabolite, isopropyl-methylphosphonic acid (IMPA), in urine. These methods were implemented in a toxicokinetics study carried out with sarin injected (i.v.) to rabbits at doses corresponding to 0.1, 0.5 or 0.9 LD50. The time frame for monitoring regenerated sarin from blood was 70 days for 0.1 LD50 and 0.5 LD50 and 77 days for 0.9 LD50, where rapid elimination occurred in the first 8 days with an initial average half-life of 1.2 days, followed by a second, slower elimination, with a terminal average half-life of 8.4 days. The time frame for monitoring IMPA in urine was 7, 15 and 16 days for 0.1 LD50, 0.5 LD50 and 0.9 LD50 intoxications, respectively. Rapid elimination of IMPA in urine occurred after exposure, with an average half-life of ~ 0.8 days on days 2-6. For the first time, a slower elimination route for IMPA, with an average half-life of ~ 4 days from day 6 onwards, was revealed. Both IMPA and regenerated sarin pharmacokinetics exhibit linearity with dose. The overlaid pharmacokinetic profiles of regenerated sarin in blood along with IMPA in urine emphasize the dominance of IMPA with a rapid decay in urine in the first week and the slower long-term decay of protein-bound sarin later in blood. To our knowledge, the two new sensitive methods exhibit the longest monitoring time frame reported in biological samples.
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Saxena A, Myers TM, Sipos ML. Conjugates of human serum butyrylcholinesterase and nerve agents are behaviorally safe in rhesus macaques. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109499. [PMID: 33961835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exogenously administered human serum butyrylcholinesterase (Hu BChE) affords protection by binding to organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents and pesticides in circulation. The resulting Hu BChE-OP conjugate undergoes 'aging' and the conjugate circulates until cleared from the body. Thus, we evaluated the effects of Hu BChE-OP conjugates on the general health and operant behavior of macaques. Rhesus macaques trained to perform a six-item serial probe recognition (SPR) task were administered 30 mg/kg of Hu BChE-soman conjugate (n = 4) or Hu BChE-VX conjugate (n = 4) by intramuscular injection. Performance on the SPR task was evaluated at 60-90 min after conjugate administration and daily thereafter for the next 4 weeks. Diazepam (3.2 mg/kg), a positive control, was administered 5 weeks after conjugate administration and performance on the SPR task was evaluated as before. Blood collected throughout the study was analyzed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE activities. Residual BChE activity of conjugates displayed a similar pharmacokinetic profile as free Hu BChE. Neither of the Hu BChE-OP conjugates produced clear or pronounced degradations in performance on the SPR task. In contrast, diazepam clearly impaired performance on the SPR task on the day of administration in 7 of 8 macaques (and sometimes longer). Taken together, these results suggest that Hu BChE-OP conjugates are safe and provide further support for the development of Hu BChE as a bioscavenger for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Saxena
- Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Todd M Myers
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Unites States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
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Qu Z, Yu T, Liu Y, Bi L. Determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity based on thiamine luminescence modulated by MnO 2 nanosheets. Talanta 2021; 224:121831. [PMID: 33379049 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel strategy for biosensing butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity is developed based on manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheets to modulate the photoluminescence of thiamine (TH). The oxidase-like activity of MnO2 nanosheets enables them to catalyze the oxidation of non-fluorescent substrate TH to generate strong fluorescent thiochrome (TC). When the target BChE is introduced to form thiocholine in the presence of S-butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTCh), MnO2 nanosheets are reduced by thiocholine to Mn2+, resulting in the loss of their oxidase-like activity and the reduction of TC fluorescence. Based on this, a BChE activity fluorescence biosensor is constructed utilizing the luminescence behavior variation of TH and the oxidase-like activity of MnO2 nanosheets. The fluorescence biosensor shows a sensitive response to BChE, and the detection limit reaches 0.036 U L-1. In addition, the feasibility of the biosensor in real samples analysis is studied with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Qu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Tian Yu
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yuzhong Liu
- Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Lihua Bi
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
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Kasteel EEJ, Nijmeijer SM, Darney K, Lautz LS, Dorne JLCM, Kramer NI, Westerink RHS. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in electric eel and human donor blood: an in vitro approach to investigate interspecies differences and human variability in toxicodynamics. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4055-4065. [PMID: 33037899 PMCID: PMC7655571 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In chemical risk assessment, default uncertainty factors are used to account for interspecies and interindividual differences, and differences in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics herein. However, these default factors come with little scientific support. Therefore, our aim was to develop an in vitro method, using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition as a proof of principle, to assess both interspecies and interindividual differences in toxicodynamics. Electric eel enzyme and human blood of 20 different donors (12 men/8 women) were exposed to eight different compounds (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-oxon, phosmet, phosmet-oxon, diazinon, diazinon-oxon, pirimicarb, rivastigmine) and inhibition of AChE was measured using the Ellman method. The organophosphate parent compounds, chlorpyrifos, phosmet and diazinon, did not show inhibition of AChE. All other compounds showed concentration-dependent inhibition of AChE, with IC50s in human blood ranging from 0.2-29 µM and IC20s ranging from 0.1-18 µM, indicating that AChE is inhibited at concentrations relevant to the in vivo human situation. The oxon analogues were more potent inhibitors of electric eel AChE compared to human AChE. The opposite was true for carbamates, pointing towards interspecies differences for AChE inhibition. Human interindividual variability was low and ranged from 5-25%, depending on the concentration. This study provides a reliable in vitro method for assessing human variability in AChE toxicodynamics. The data suggest that the default uncertainty factor of ~ 3.16 may overestimate human variability for this toxicity endpoint, implying that specific toxicodynamic-related adjustment factors can support quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolations that link kinetic and dynamic data to improve chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E J Kasteel
- Toxicology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M Nijmeijer
- Toxicology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Keyvin Darney
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Leonie S Lautz
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean Lou C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Toxicology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Toxicology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Rosenberg Y, Saxena A. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition resulting from exposure to inhaled OP can be prevented by pretreatment with BChE in both macaques and minipigs. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108150. [PMID: 32442543 PMCID: PMC7365266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
More frequent and widespread nerve agent attacks highlight the need for efficacious pre- and post-exposure organophosphate (OP) counter-measures to protect military and civilian populations. Because of critical targeting of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the CNS by OPs, a pre-treatment candidate for preventing/reducing poisoning will be a broadly acting molecule that scavenges OPs in blood before they reach their physiological targets. Prophylactic human butyrylcholinesterase (HuBChE), the leading pretreatment candidate, has been shown to protect against multiple LD50's of nerve agents in rodents, macaques, and minipigs. This review describes the development of a HuBChE bioscavenger pretreatment from early proof-of-concept studies to pre-clinical studies with the native injectable enzyme and the development of aerosolized forms of recombinant enzyme, which can be delivered by inhalation nebulizer devices, to effect protection against inhaled OP nerve agents and insecticides. Early animal studies utilized parenteral exposure. However, lungs are the portal of entry for most volatile OP vapors and represent the major means of OP intoxication. In this regard, pretreat-ment with 7.5 mg/kg of HuBChE by IM injection protected minipigs against lethal sarin vapor and prevented AChE inhibition in the blood. This is similar to the five-day protection in macaques by an aerosolized rHuBChE using a nebulizer against aerosolized paraoxon (estimated to be an 8 mg/kg estimated human dose). Importantly, lethal inhaled doses of OP may be smaller relative to the same dose delivered by injection, thus reducing the protective HuBChE dose, while a combination of HuBChE and post-exposure oxime may prolong protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashima Saxena
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
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Monoclonal antibodies to fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase distinguish between acetylcholinesterases from ruminant and non-ruminant species. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109225. [PMID: 32795450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two types of cholinesterases (ChEs) are present in mammalian blood and tissues: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). While AChE regulates neurotransmission by hydrolyzing acetylcholine at the postsynaptic membranes and neuromuscular junctions, BChE in plasma has been suggested to be involved in detoxifying toxic compounds. This study was undertaken to establish the identity of circulating ChE activity in plasmas from domestic animals (bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine and equine) by assessing sensitivity to AChE-specific inhibitors (BW284c51 and edrophonium) and BChE-specific inhibitors (dibucaine, ethopropazine and Iso-OMPA) as well as binding to anti-FBS AChE monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Based on the inhibition of ChE activity by ChE-specific inhibitors, it was determined that bovine, ovine and caprine plasma predominantly contain AChE, while porcine and equine plasma contain BChE. Three of the anti-FBS AChE MAbs, 4E5, 5E8 and 6H9, inhibited 85-98% of enzyme activity in bovine, ovine and caprine plasma, confirming that the esterase in these plasmas was AChE. These MAbs did not bind to purified recombinant human or mouse AChE, demonstrating that these MAbs were specific for AChEs from ruminant species. These MAbs did not inhibit the activity of purified human BChE, or ChE activity in porcine and equine plasma, confirming that the ChE in these plasmas was BChE. Taken together, these results demonstrate that anti-FBS AChE MAbs can serve as useful tools for distinguishing between AChEs from ruminant and non-ruminant species and BChEs.
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Chung CY, Wang Q, Yang S, Chough S, Seo Y, Cipollo JF, Balthasar JP, Betenbaugh MJ. The impact of sialylation linkage-type on the pharmacokinetics of recombinant butyrylcholinesterases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:157-166. [PMID: 31544955 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells typically produce glycoproteins with N-glycans terminating in α-2,3 sialylation. Human cells produce glycoproteins that include α-2,3 and α-2,6 sialic acids. To examine the impact of altering protein sialylation on pharmacokinetic properties, recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was produced in CHO cells by knocking out the α-2,3 sialyltransferase genes followed by overexpression of the α-2,6 sialyltransferase (26BChE) enzyme. The N-glycan composition of 26BChE was compared to BChE with α-2,3 sialylation (23BChE) derived from wild-type CHO cells. Both 23BChE and 26BChE exhibited comparable antennarity distributions with bi-antennary di-sialylated glycans representing the most abundant glycoform. CD-1 mice were intravenously injected with the 23BChE or 26BChE, and residual BChE activities from blood collected at various time points for pharmacokinetic analyses. Although 23BChE contained a slightly lower initial sialylation level compared to 26BChE, the molecule exhibited higher residual activity between 5 and 24 hr postinjection. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that 23BChE exhibited an increase in area under the curve and a lower volume of distribution at steady state than that of 26BChE. These findings suggest that the type of sialylation linkage may play a significant role in the pharmacokinetic behavior of a biotherapeutic when tested in in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shuang Yang
- Laboratory for Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products (DBPAP), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sandra Chough
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Younji Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John F Cipollo
- Laboratory for Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products (DBPAP), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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Meriç P, Buduneli N, Kanmaz B, Gürlek Ö, Çömlekoğlu E, Calvert G, Lappin DF, Nile C. Cholinergic signalling mechanisms and early implant healing phases in healthy versus generalized aggressive periodontitis patients: A prospective, case-control study. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1155-1163. [PMID: 31444906 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Periodontal diseases negatively affect implant osseointegration. Perturbations in non-neuronal cholinergic signalling mechanisms are associated with periodontitis; however, their role in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) is unknown. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to determine the relationship between non-neuronal cholinergic signalling mechanisms, secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein-1 (SLURP-1), interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines and healing of dental implants in health and GAgP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirteen GAgP patients and seven periodontally healthy individuals (PH) were recruited. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was obtained at baseline and 1 month post-placement. Acetylcholine (ACh) levels and cholinesterase activity were determined biochemically. SLURP-1, IL-17A and IL-17E levels were determined by ELISA. Marginal bone loss (MBL) at 1 and 6 months post-placement was determined radiographically. RESULTS The concentration of ACh, cholinesterase activity and IL-17A levels was elevated in PICF of patients with GAgP compared to PH individuals at baseline and 1 month post-placement. The concentration of ACh and cholinesterase activity levels in PICF correlated with levels of IL-17A and MBL around implants 1 month post-placement in patients with GAgP. CONCLUSIONS Non-neuronal cholinergic mechanisms may play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of GAgP and may directly or indirectly, through modulation of IL-17A, influence early implant osseointegration and potential long-term implant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Meriç
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Kanmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir Demokrasi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Önder Gürlek
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çömlekoğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gareth Calvert
- Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David F Lappin
- Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher Nile
- Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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12
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Rosenberg Y, Fink J, MacLoughlin R, Ooms-Konecny T, Sullivan D, Gerk W, Mao L, Jiang X, Lees J, Urban L, Rajendran N. Aerosolized recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase delivered by a nebulizer provides long term protection against inhaled paraoxon in macaques. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108712. [PMID: 31201777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent intentional use of nerve agents and pesticides in Europe and Afghanistan highlights the need for an effective countermeasure against organophosphates (OP) toxins. The most developed pretreatment candidate to date is plasma (native) human butyrylcholinesterase (HuBChE), which is limited in availability and because of its 1:1 stoichiometry with OPs, a large dose will present challenges when delivered parenterally both in terms of pharmacokinetics and manageability in the field. A tetrameric recombinant (r) form of human BChE produced in CHO-K1 cells with similar structure, in vivo stability and antidotal efficacy as the native form, has been developed to deliver rHuBChE as an aerosol (aer) to form a pulmonary bioshield capable of neutralizing inhaled OPs in situ and prevent AChE inhibition in the blood and in the brain; the latter associated with the symptoms of OP toxicity. Previous proof-of-concept macaque studies demonstrated that delivery of 9 mg/kg using a microsprayer inserted down the trachea, resulted in protection against an inhaled dose of 15ug/kg of aer-paraoxon (aer-Px) given 72 h later. In the present studies, pulmonary delivery of rHuBChE in macaques was achieved using Aerogen vibrating mesh nebulizers, similar to that used for human self-administration. The promising findings indicate that despite the poor lung deposition observed in macaques using nebulizers (13-20%), protective levels of RBC-AChE were still present in the blood even when exposure aer-Px (55 μg/kg) was delayed for five days. This long term retention of 5 mg/kg rHuBChE deposited in the lung bodes well for the use of an aer-rHuBChE pretreatment in humans where a user-friendly customized nebulizer with increased lung deposition up to 50% will provide even longer protection at a lower dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Fink
- Department of Respiratory Care, Texas State University, Round Rock, TX, 78665, USA
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Apatzidou DA, Iskas A, Konstantinidis A, Alghamdi AM, Tumelty M, Lappin DF, Nile CJ. Clinical associations between acetylcholine levels and cholinesterase activity in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1173-1183. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danae A. Apatzidou
- Lab of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and implant Biology; School of Dentistry; Aristotle University; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Achilleas Iskas
- Lab of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and implant Biology; School of Dentistry; Aristotle University; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Antonis Konstantinidis
- Lab of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and implant Biology; School of Dentistry; Aristotle University; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Abeer M. Alghamdi
- Oral Sciences Research Group; University of Glasgow Dental School; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Maria Tumelty
- Oral Sciences Research Group; University of Glasgow Dental School; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - David F. Lappin
- Oral Sciences Research Group; University of Glasgow Dental School; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Christopher J. Nile
- Oral Sciences Research Group; University of Glasgow Dental School; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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14
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Bloch-Shilderman E, Rabinovitz I, Egoz I, Yacov G, Allon N, Nili U. Determining a threshold sub-acute dose leading to minimal physiological alterations following prolonged exposure to the nerve agent VX in rats. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:873-892. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Obara K, Chino D, Tanaka Y. Distigmine Bromide Produces Sustained Potentiation of Guinea-Pig Urinary Bladder Motility by Inhibiting Cholinesterase Activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:807-814. [PMID: 28566624 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Distigmine is a cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor used for the treatment of detrusor underactivity in Japan. Distigmine's pharmacological effects are known to be long-lasting, but the duration of its effect on urinary bladder contractile function has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to determine these effects in relation to the plasma concentrations of distigmine and its inhibition of ChE activities in blood, plasma, and bladder tissue. Intravesical pressures were recorded in anesthetized guinea-pigs for 12 h after the intravenous administration of saline or distigmine (0.01-0.1 mg/kg). Plasma distigmine concentrations were measured by liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), while ChE activities were assayed using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Distigmine (0.1 mg/kg) significantly increased the maximum intravesical pressure at micturition reflex for 12 h post-administration. In contrast, plasma distigmine was only detectable for 6 h post-administration in these animals and a one-compartment model calculated an elimination half-life of 0.7 h. However, bladder and blood acetylcholinesterase activities were significantly inhibited for 12 h after distigmine administration, although plasma ChE activities were not affected. The pharmacodynamic effects of distigmine thus persisted after its elimination from the circulation, indicating that it may bind to bladder acetylcholinesterase, producing sustained enzyme inhibition and enhancement of bladder contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Obara
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Daisuke Chino
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Yoshio Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
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16
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Elistratova JG, Mustafina AR, Brylev KA, Petrov KA, Shestopalov MA, Mironov YV, Babaev VM, Rizvanov IK, Masson P, Sinyashin OG. Sensing activity of cholinesterases through a luminescence response of the hexarhenium cluster complex [{Re6S8}(OH)6]4−. Analyst 2016; 141:4204-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00581k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new method to sense enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine through a cluster luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G. Elistratova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | - Asiya R. Mustafina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Brylev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Petrov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | | | - Yuri V. Mironov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Vasily M. Babaev
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | - Ildar K. Rizvanov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | | | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan
- Russian Federation
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17
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Zhou F, Feng H, Fang Y, Sun Q, Qian Z. Phenylsulfonic acid functionalized carbon quantum dots based biosensor for acetylcholinesterase activity monitoring and inhibitor screening. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylsulfonic acid functionalized carbon quantum dots (PSA-CQDs) were prepared and used to construct a convenient and reliable fluorometric biosensor for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and inhibitor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Yafen Fang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
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18
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Hartnett S, Gao H, Schnack S, Li Y. Reduced vagal control of the heart in high-fat diet mice: a potential role of increased butyrylcholinesterase. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12609. [PMID: 26537347 PMCID: PMC4673638 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressed parasympathetic function is commonly present in cardiovascular diseases, aging, obesity, and various other health conditions. Impaired parasympathetic action is known as a detrimental factor and contributes to the adverse outcomes in these conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully addressed. In this study, using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice as a model, the potential peripheral mechanisms underlying the impaired parasympathetic vagal control of the heart was examined. The HFD induced obesity and metabolic disorder in mice. These obese mice exhibited an attenuated response in heart rate to vagal stimulation, indicating impairment of peripheral parasympathetic activity in the heart. In cholinergic function-related proteins in the atria, protein levels of choline transporter and vesicular acetylcholine transporter were not decreased but increased, and type 2 muscarinic receptors showed a trend toward a reduction in HFD mice atria as compared with regular diet (RD) mice controls. While the protein level of acetylcholinesterase was not different, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) protein level showed a twofold increase in HFD mice atria as compared with RD mice. Functionally, inhibition of BChE activity partially and significantly improved the attenuated response in heart rate to vagal stimulation in HFD mice. Collectively, these data suggest that increased BChE activity in the atria may contribute to the decreased parasympathetic function in HFD-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Hartnett
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Hongbo Gao
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Sabrina Schnack
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Yifan Li
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
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Santillo MF, Liu Y. A fluorescence assay for measuring acetylcholinesterase activity in rat blood and a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 76:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Jońca J, Żuk M, Wasąg B, Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Lewandowski K, Wielgomas B, Waleron K, Jasiecki J. New Insights into Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Assay: Serum Dilution Factor as a Crucial Parameter. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139480. [PMID: 26444431 PMCID: PMC4596826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity assay and inhibitor phenotyping can help to identify patients at risk of prolonged paralysis following the administration of neuromuscular blocking agents. The assay plays an important role in clinical chemistry as a good diagnostic marker for intoxication with pesticides and nerve agents. Furthermore, the assay is also commonly used for in vitro characterization of cholinesterases, their toxins and drugs. There is still lack of standardized procedure for measurement of BChE activity and many laboratories use different substrates at various concentrations. The purpose of this study was to validate the BChE activity assay to determine the best dilution of human serum and the most optimal concentration of substrates and inhibitors. Serum BChE activity was measured using modified Ellman’s method applicable for a microplate reader. We present our experience and new insights into the protocol for high-throughput routine assays of human plasma cholinesterase activities adapted to a microplate reader. During our routine assays used for the determination of BChE activity, we have observed that serum dilution factor influences the results obtained. We show that a 400-fold dilution of serum and 5mM S-butyrylthiocholine iodide can be successfully used for the accurate measurement of BChE activity in human serum. We also discuss usage of various concentrations of dibucaine and fluoride in BChE phenotyping. This study indicates that some factors of such a multicomponent clinical material like serum can influence kinetic parameters of the BChE. The observed inhibitory effect is dependent on serum dilution factor used in the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Żuk
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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In situ induced metal-enhanced fluorescence: A new strategy for biosensing the total acetylcholinesterase activity in sub-microliter human whole blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:648-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Myers TM, Sun W, Naik RS, Clark MG, Doctor BP, Saxena A. Characterization of human serum butyrylcholinesterase in rhesus monkeys: Behavioral and physiological effects. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 34:323-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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