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Sepahi S, Gerayli S, Delirrad M, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Zare-Zardini H, Bushehri B, Ghorani-Azam A. Biochemical responses as early and reliable biomarkers of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides intoxication: A systematic literature review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23285. [PMID: 36524544 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been long considered as the main diagnostic method of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides poisoning; however, it has been shown that ChE activity may also be altered due to exposure to other non-organophosphorus toxicants and variety of different medical conditions. Hence, to avoid misdiagnosis, we aimed to systematically review available documents to look for additional biomarkers of OP and carbamate poisoning. The electronic databases in addition to Google scholar were searched for eligible articles on March 2022 using "organophosphate," "carbamate," and "biomarker" including all their similar terms. After collecting the relevant documents, the data were extracted and described qualitatively. In total, data of 66 articles from 51 human and 15 animal studies were extracted. Findings demonstrated that enzymes such as β-glucuronidase, neuropathy target esterase, amylase, and lipase, in addition to hematological indicators such as CBC, CRP, lactate dehydrogenase, and CPK have high sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of OP poisoning. Findings suggest that using various markers for diagnosis of OP intoxication is helpful for appropriate management, and early identifying the patients at risk of death. The suggested biomarkers also help to avoid misdiagnosis of OP poisoning with other similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sepahi
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Gerayli
- Division of Inflammation and inflammatory Diseases, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Delirrad
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Sciences, Farhangian University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Bushehri
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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In Situ SERS Sensing by a Laser-Induced Aggregation of Silver Nanoparticles Templated on a Thermoresponsive Polymer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080628. [PMID: 36005026 PMCID: PMC9405980 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A stimuli-responsive (pH- and thermoresponsive) micelle-forming diblock copolymer, poly(1,2-butadiene)290-block-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)240 (PB-b-PDMAEMA), was used as a polymer template for the in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through Ag+ complexation with PDMAEMA blocks, followed by the reduction of the bound Ag+ with sodium borohydride. A successful synthesis of the AgNPs on a PB-b-PDMAEMA micellar template was confirmed by means of UV–Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, wherein the shape and size of the AgNPs were determined. A phase transition of the polymer matrix in the AgNPs/PB-b-PDMAEMA metallopolymer hybrids, which results from a collapse and aggregation of PDMAEMA blocks, was manifested by changes in the transmittance of their aqueous solutions as a function of temperature. A SERS reporting probe, 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA), was used to demonstrate a laser-induced enhancement of the SERS signal observed under constant laser irradiation. The local heating of the AgNPs/PB-b-PDMAEMA sample in the laser spot is thought to be responsible for the triggered SERS effect, which is caused by the approaching of AgNPs and the generation of “hot spots” under a thermo-induced collapse and the aggregation of the PDMAEMA blocks of the polymer matrix. The triggered SERS effect depends on the time of a laser exposure and on the concentration of 4-MPBA. Possible mechanisms of the laser-induced heating for the AgNPs/PB-b-PDMAEMA metallopolymer hybrids are discussed.
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Li W, Rong Y, Wang J, Li T, Wang Z. MnO2 switch-bridged DNA walker for ultrasensitive sensing of cholinesterase activity and organophosphorus pesticides. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Richardson RJ, Fink JK, Glynn P, Hufnagel RB, Makhaeva GF, Wijeyesakere SJ. Neuropathy target esterase (NTE/PNPLA6) and organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2020; 4:1-78. [PMID: 32518884 PMCID: PMC7271139 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) with certain organophosphorus (OP) compounds produces OP compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), a distal degeneration of axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), thereby providing a powerful model for studying a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Axonopathies are important medical entities in their own right, but in addition, illnesses once considered primary neuronopathies are now thought to begin with axonal degeneration. These disorders include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Moreover, conditional knockout of NTE in the mouse CNS produces vacuolation and other degenerative changes in large neurons in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum, along with degeneration and swelling of axons in ascending and descending spinal cord tracts. In humans, NTE mutations cause a variety of neurodegenerative conditions resulting in a range of deficits including spastic paraplegia and blindness. Mutations in the Drosophila NTE orthologue SwissCheese (SWS) produce neurodegeneration characterized by vacuolization that can be partially rescued by expression of wild-type human NTE, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for certain human neurological disorders. This chapter defines NTE and OPIDN, presents an overview of OP compounds, provides a rationale for NTE research, and traces the history of discovery of NTE and its relationship to OPIDN. It then briefly describes subsequent studies of NTE, including practical applications of the assay; aspects of its domain structure, subcellular localization, and tissue expression; abnormalities associated with NTE mutations, knockdown, and conventional or conditional knockout; and hypothetical models to help guide future research on elucidating the role of NTE in OPIDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy J. Richardson
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Corresponding author:
| | - John K. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul Glynn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sanjeeva J. Wijeyesakere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Sigolaeva LV, Gladyr SY, Mergel O, Gelissen APH, Noyong M, Simon U, Pergushov DV, Kurochkin IN, Plamper FA, Richtering W. Easy-Preparable Butyrylcholinesterase/Microgel Construct for Facilitated Organophosphate Biosensing. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6091-6098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Sigolaeva
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Snezhana Yu. Gladyr
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Mergel
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Arjan P. H. Gelissen
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Noyong
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Simon
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Kurochkin
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Serebryakova OG, Aksinenko AY, Lushchekina SV, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Esterase profiles of organophosphorus compounds in vitro predict their behavior in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:332-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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