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Bushehri B, Mokhtarpoor A, Bahrami E, Ghorani-Azam A. Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: Regional Experience of a Global Challenge. Curr Drug Saf 2024; 19:117-122. [PMID: 36872363 DOI: 10.2174/1574886318666230303085538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are considered any harmful and unintended side effects associated with the use of a drug at the usual therapeutic dose, in which skin is involved in most cases. Therefore, the availability of epidemiological information on reactions, reaction patterns, and their causative drugs can be helpful in timely diagnosis and necessary measures, such as caution in prescribing causative drugs to prevent these types of reactions. METHODS In this retrospective descriptive study, the archived files of patients with dermatoses due to ADR referred to Taleghani University Hospital, Urmia, Iran, during 2015-2020 were studied. Patterns and frequency of skin reactions, demographic data, and the frequency of chronic comorbidities were identified. RESULTS A total of 50 patients with drug-induced skin rash were found, of which 14 were male (28%) and 36 were female (72%). Skin rashes were most frequently found in patients aged 31-40 years. In 76% of patients, there was at least one chronic underlying disease. The most common reaction pattern was maculopapular rash (44%), and the most common causative drugs were antiepileptic drugs (34%) and antibiotics (22%). Mortality was found in 4 cases, which was due to antibiotics and antiepileptic drugs that caused toxic SJS/TEN and erythroderma. The hospital stays were highest in SJS and lowest in a maculopapular rash. CONCLUSION Knowledge about the epidemiology and the frequency of adverse drug reactions may be helpful in increasing the awareness of physicians for correct and rational drug prescriptions, which can reduce unnecessary hospital referrals and treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Bushehri
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Akbar Mokhtarpoor
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Bahrami
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Ranjkeshzadeh H, Sepahi S, Zare-Zardini H, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Ghorani-Azam A, Jafari A. A Review of Drug Abuse, Misuse, and Related Laboratory Challenges. Curr Drug Saf 2023; 19:CDS-EPUB-136001. [PMID: 37957844 DOI: 10.2174/0115748863266621231023112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Various definitions can be considered for drugs and substance abuse. According to the National Institute on Abuse, the use of an over-the-counter drug in a different way than that prescribed to experience or arouse emotion is a simple form of drug abuse. The World Health Organization (WHO) also defines drug abuse as the persistent or sporadic use of drugs that are incompatible or unrelated to acceptable medical practice. With the increasing non-therapeutic use of prescription drugs, serious related consequences have also increased. Therefore, there is a need to know more precisely about the types of substances and drug abuse, which is the most important part of diagnosis and recognizing the tests that cause false positive and negative results. The purpose of this review article is to collect and summarize the most important and more common types of drugs of abuse and review the drugs that cause false results in screening tests. In addition, the most common detection methods of the drug will be reviewed and the advantages and drawbacks of each method will be discussed. In this article, we aimed to point out all the facts about the emerging problems in drug abuse, the methods of screening, and the possible false results in addition to troubleshooting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniye Ranjkeshzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sepahi
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Sciences, Farhangian University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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3
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Sepahi S, Kiaei L, Kiaei M, Ghorani-Azam A. A systematic review of emerging technologies to enhance the treatment of ovarian cancer. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:660-677. [PMID: 37417773 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2233588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of chemotherapy are two major challenges when it comes to treating ovarian cancer. The associated undesirable side effects of chemotherapy agents jeopardize the clinical intent and the efficiency of the therapy. Multiple studies have been published describing new developments and novel strategies utilizing the latest therapeutic and drug delivery technologies to address the efficacy and safety of chemotherapeutics in ovarian cancers. We have identified five novel technologies that are available and, if used, have the potential to mitigate the above-mentioned challenges. Nanocarriers in different forms (Nano-gel, Aptamer, peptide medicated formulations, Antibody-drug conjugation, surface charge, and nanovesicle technologies) are developed and available to be employed to target the cancerous tissue. These strategies are promising to improve clinical efficacy and reduce side effects. We have systematically searched and analyzed published data, as well as the authors intent for the described technology on each publication. We narrowed to 81 key articles and extracted their data to be discussed in this review. In summary, the selected articles investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs combined with nanocarriers and found significant improvement in efficacy and safety by reducing the IC50 values and drug doses. These key papers described promising novel technologies in anti-cancer therapeutic approaches to enable sustained drug release and achieve prolonged drug performance near the tumor site or target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sepahi
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Lily Kiaei
- RockGen Therapeutics, LLC, Little Rock, AR, USA
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kiaei
- RockGen Therapeutics, LLC, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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4
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Ansari-Mohseni N, Ghorani-Azam A, Mohajeri SA. Therapeutic effects of herbal medicines in different types of retinopathies: A systematic review. Avicenna J Phytomed 2023; 13:118-142. [PMID: 37333471 PMCID: PMC10274316 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2022.62423.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective Retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic diseases such as diabetes and vascular diseases. Herbal drugs have been considered as an effective therapeutic option with minimal side effects for the treatment of retinopathy by reducing the symptoms and improving visual acuity. The purpose of this systematic review was to collect studies on the effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment or prevention of retinopathy. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and other databases in April 2021 using "herbal products" and "Retinopathy" with all their equivalent and similar terms. For this purpose, human clinical trials with the English language were included and articles with subject irrelevancy were excluded from further evaluation. Results Overall, 30 articles with 2324 patients were studied for possible effects of herbal therapy on retinopathy. From 30 included articles, different herbal products had been evaluated. Out of 30 selected articles, 11 articles were for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), 14 articles covered patients with diabetic retinopathy, and the other five studies were for other retinal disorders. The outcomes in majority of the studies include changes in visual acuity (VA), fundus performance, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), focal electroretinogram (fERG), supplements and adjuvant medications appeared to be more beneficial in patients with AMD and diabetic maculopathy. Conclusion Herbal therapy can be considered as a potential candidate in the adjuvant and complementary therapies of retinopathy. However, further studies are required to verify such efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Ansari-Mohseni
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Equal first author
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Equal first author
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmacetical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Sepahi S, Gerayli S, Delirrad M, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Zare-Zardini H, Bushehri B, Ghorani-Azam A. Biochemical responses as early and reliable biomarkers of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides intoxication: A systematic literature review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23285. [PMID: 36524544 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been long considered as the main diagnostic method of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides poisoning; however, it has been shown that ChE activity may also be altered due to exposure to other non-organophosphorus toxicants and variety of different medical conditions. Hence, to avoid misdiagnosis, we aimed to systematically review available documents to look for additional biomarkers of OP and carbamate poisoning. The electronic databases in addition to Google scholar were searched for eligible articles on March 2022 using "organophosphate," "carbamate," and "biomarker" including all their similar terms. After collecting the relevant documents, the data were extracted and described qualitatively. In total, data of 66 articles from 51 human and 15 animal studies were extracted. Findings demonstrated that enzymes such as β-glucuronidase, neuropathy target esterase, amylase, and lipase, in addition to hematological indicators such as CBC, CRP, lactate dehydrogenase, and CPK have high sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of OP poisoning. Findings suggest that using various markers for diagnosis of OP intoxication is helpful for appropriate management, and early identifying the patients at risk of death. The suggested biomarkers also help to avoid misdiagnosis of OP poisoning with other similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sepahi
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Gerayli
- Division of Inflammation and inflammatory Diseases, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Delirrad
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Sciences, Farhangian University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Bushehri
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Ghorani-Azam A, Mottaghipisheh J, Amiri MS, Mashreghi M, Hashemzadeh A, Haddad-Mashadrizeh A, Nourbakhsh F, Nadaf M, Qayoomian M, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Vitalini S, Iriti M. Resveratrol-Mediated Gold-Nanoceria Synthesis as Green Nanomedicine for Phytotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2022; 27:227. [DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2708227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nematollahi MH, Ahmadianmoghadam MA, Mehrabani M, Moghadari M, Ghorani-Azam A, Mehrbani M. Herbal therapy in opioid withdrawal syndrome: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Addict Health 2022; 14:152-163. [PMID: 36544511 PMCID: PMC9743811 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.2022.195961.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Medicinal plants have revealed much attention as an alternative or complementary treatment for opioid withdrawal syndrome. The current review collects all available literature to verify the efficiency of herbal remedies in the management of symptoms associated with opioid withdrawal. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted from January 1990 to May 2021 on four bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) using the search terms "medicinal plant", "withdrawal syndrome", "opioid", and all their equivalents. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in the English language were included for data synthesis. The search was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to verify the quality of the included clinical trials. Findings A total of 12 RCTs were collected and used for data synthesis. The results of these studies indicated that herbal medicines were effective in treating opioid withdrawal syndrome and could alleviate the withdrawal symptoms, such as abdominal constrictions, diarrhea, bone pain, perspiration, and insomnia, when compared to conventional medications such as buprenorphine, clonidine, and methadone. However, more than 30% of RCTs were found to be at high risk of bias in the areas of selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting. Conclusion Although several RCTs have proven that herbal remedies are effective in reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms, the findings need to be viewed more carefully. Further RCTs with more participants, longer duration, and less risk of bias are needed in the claimed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Student Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ahmadianmoghadam
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Moghadari
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Correspondence to: Mehrzad Mehrbani; Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;
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8
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Balarastaghi S, Delirrad M, Jafari A, Majidi M, Sadeghi M, Zare-Zardini H, Karimi G, Ghorani-Azam A. Potential benefits versus hazards of herbal therapy during pregnancy; a systematic review of available literature. Phytother Res 2022; 36:824-841. [PMID: 35023227 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of herbal medicine has considerably grown worldwide in the past two decades. Studies have shown that the prevalence of herbal diet therapy in pregnancy ranged from 1% to 60% in different societies. Many clinical reports have shown that some herbal medicines may have toxic effects on pregnant women and their fetuses because active ingredients of some medicinal plants can readily pass through the biological barriers (e.g., placental barrier). In the present study, we aimed to systematically review the literature to discover potential benefits versus the hazards of herbal therapy during pregnancy. For this purpose, a comprehensive literature review was performed, and after the literature search and selection of the appropriate documents, the desired data were extracted and reported. From 35 articles with a total of 39,950 study population, the results showed that some medicinal plants could cause severe toxicity on mothers and fetuses, in addition to abortion during pregnancy. It was also shown that some plants may lead to developmental abnormalities or fetal death. Findings of this survey showed that some herbal medicines have toxic, teratogenic, and abortive potential, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy because active ingredients of some medicinal plants are able to pass through the placental barrier and reach the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Balarastaghi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Delirrad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute on Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majidi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sadeghi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Sciences, Farhangian University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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9
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Soltaninejad H, Zare-Zardini H, Amirkhani MA, Mohammadzadeh M, Ghadiri-Anari A, Ordouei M, Alemi A, Ghorani-Azam A. Effect of Nanoalumina on Sex Hormones and Fetuses in Pregnant Rats. JBRA Assist Reprod 2021; 26:241-246. [PMID: 34415125 PMCID: PMC9118966 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20210045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed at investigating the effect of nanoalumina on sex hormones, and fetuses in pregnant rats. Methods In this study, sixty-four pregnant rats were divided into eight groups. The control and the injection-control group received normal food and water, and 0.5 ml of distilled water, respectively. Treatment groups were treated with 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000µg/ml concentrations of Nanoalumina from the 7th day until the 18th day of pregnancy. On the 18th day, the rats were investigated in terms of their hormone levels. We evaluated the number of healthy and aborted offspring, as well as fetus size. Results Nanoalumina caused an increase in progesterone hormones at the concentrations of 250, and 500µg/ml, and a significant reduction in estrogen hormone and aborted fetuses at the concentrations of 250 and 500µg/ml (p<0.05). The largest and smallest size of fetuses were observed in 500µg/ml and 1000µg/ml, respectively. The highest number of aborted fetuses was observed in the group treated with the 500µg/ml concentration. There was no aborted fetuses with 25, 50,100, control, and injection-control groups. Conclusions Due to nanoalumina toxicity, it must be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Soltaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Sciences, Farhangian University, Isfahan, Iran.,Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Amirkhani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Mohammadzadeh
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Akram Ghadiri-Anari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ordouei
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ashraf Alemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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10
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Riahi-Zanjani B, Delirrad M, Fazeli-Bakhtiyari R, Sadeghi M, Zare-Zardini H, Jafari A, Ghorani-Azam A. Hematological Consequences of Valproic Acid in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review with a Mechanistic Approach. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:316-325. [PMID: 34382515 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210811162345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although valproate (VPA) has several advantages in controlling seizures, it may cause serious hematological consequences. Hematotoxicity of VPA is particularly important in pediatrics because patients at this age are at a growing risk of leukemia. For a conclusive agreement about the toxicity of VPA, in this study, we systematically reviewed the literature in which the hematological consequences of VPA had been emphasized. <P> Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in June 2021 on electronic databases to find original research on the association between VPA therapy and hematotoxicity in pediatric patients. For this purpose, the following search terms "hematotoxicity", "valproic acid" and "pediatrics" with different spellings and similar terms, were searched in the title, keywords, and abstracts of articles. The data were collected and used for qualitative data description. <P> Results: A total of 36 relevant articles with an overall 1381 study population were included. The results showed that VPA could cause severe hematotoxicity in children even at therapeutic doses. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and bone marrow depression are the most common complications associated with VPA therapy. Also, findings showed that after discontinuation of VPA and starting other antiepileptic drugs or reducing the administered VPA dose, hematologic damages were entirely resolved, and all the hematological parameters improved during two weeks. <P> Conclusions: This review showed that VPA therapy could cause hematotoxicity in children; hence, it is recommended to monitor hematological indices during VPA therapy. Also, according to the suggested mechanistic pathways of VPA side effects, a combination of VPA with antioxidants may reduce hematological side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Mohammad Delirrad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia. Iran
| | - Rana Fazeli-Bakhtiyari
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Mahood Sadeghi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand. Iran
| | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. Iran
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia. Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia. Iran
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11
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Ghorani-Azam A, Balali-Mood M, Khatami SM, Asoodeh A, Es'haghi Z, Riahi-Zanjani B. Plant Extract and Herbal Products as Potential Source of Sorbent for Analytical Purpose: An Experimental Study of Morphine and Codeine Determination Using HPLC and LC-MSMS. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:482-489. [PMID: 33388745 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an analytical method for microextraction of analytes, in which the analytes bind to the sorbent on the surface of the SPME fiber. Many types of chemical agents are used as sorbent; however, many of these sorbents cause secondary contamination or are not cost-effective. Here, aqueous extract of Ferula gummosa was evaluated as potential source of sorbent for simultaneous microextraction of morphine and codeine. For this purpose, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were carboxylated with H2SO4/HNO3 (3:1) and then functionalized with aqueous extract of F. gummosa. Functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy measurements as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis. Porous polypropylene hollow fibers were filled with the functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and used for analyte extraction in urine sample at 40°C and pH 6 for 2 min. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that the fiber could preconcentrate 1 ng/mL of morphine and 0.75 ng/mL codeine in urine sample and was successfully used for 30 times with no significant loss in the extraction efficiency. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for morphine were 1 and 3.3 ng/mL, respectively. LOD and LOQ for codeine were determined 0.75 and 2.47 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery of the fiber was 80% and 93% for morphine and codeine, respectively. SPME fiber using extract of F. gummosa plant was used for the detection of a small amount of morphine in urine sample. Therefore, plants can be considered as abundant and cheap sources of sorbent for various analytical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran
| | - Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mola Khatami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Samen Hojaj, Mashhad Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran 9186459433, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Zarrin Es'haghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Mashhad 9189896311, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
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Sepahi S, Ghorani-Azam A, Hossieni SM, Mohajeri SA, Khodaverdi E. Pharmacological Effects of Saffron and its Constituents in Ocular Disorders from in vitro Studies to Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:392-401. [PMID: 32379589 PMCID: PMC8033960 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200507083346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Some medicinal plants have shown promising therapeutic potential for the management of the diseases. We aimed to systematically review the literature wherein the therapeutic effects of saffron have been studied on eye disorders. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar and other databases using eye disorders and saffron as key terms. No strict inclusion criteria were defined, and almost all clinical studies, as well as in vivo and in vitro studies were included. The reported data in each study were extracted and then qualitatively described. Results Finally, 78 articles were found but only 29 relevant articles were included. Nine articles were clinical trials and 20 articles were studies conducted on cellular and molecular aspects of saffron on eye disorders. According to the included studies, crocin prevented the pro-inflammatory response in retinal cells and decreased glucose levels in diabetic mice. Also, crocetin prevented retinal degeneration and saffron protected photoreceptors from light-induced damage in retinal cells. Saffron also improved visual function in age-related macular edema and decreased intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. In addition, it was shown that crocin can improve best corrected visual acuity and decrease central macular thickness in patients with diabetic maculopathy. Conclusion The results of this review indicated that saffron and its main ingredients such as crocin could be a potential candidate for the treatment of ocular disease especially eye inflammation; however, further clinical studies are needed to confirm such efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sepahi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyedeh M Hossieni
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed A Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Khodaverdi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ghorani-Azam A, Balali-Mood M, Riahi-Zanjani B, Darchini-Maragheh E, Sadeghi M. Acute Phenobarbital Poisoning for the Management of Seizures in Newborns and Children; A Systematic Literature Review. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:174-180. [PMID: 33290203 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666201207205916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While phenobarbital (PB) is commonly used for the management of seizures in newborns and pediatrics, its administration may accompany acute poisoning. We aimed to review the literature to find out the frequency of PB poisonings in newborns and children with seizures. METHOD A literature search was performed by two independent reviewers to find relevant articles about PB toxicity in neonates and pediatrics that were treated for the seizure. RESULTS 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. The main reasons for PB poisoning in studied patients were therapeutic intoxication. Reported signs of PB poisoning were lethargy, sedation, lack of sucking, fever, skin rash, hepatic inflammation and alopecia. Moreover, respiratory depression, encephalopathy, myocardial failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, and coma were among the complications of acute PB toxicity in children and infants. CONCLUSION PB therapy for the management of seizures in newborns and children might be associated with poisoning. Although supportive and symptomatic treatments are available for PB overdose, it should be administered with caution, using drug monitoring to avoid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center (MTRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Sadeghi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Ghafoorianfar S, Ghorani-Azam A, Mohajeri SA, Farzin D. Efficiency of nanoparticles for treatment of ocular infections: Systematic literature review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Riahi-Zanjani B, Balali-Mood M, Es'haghi Z, Asoodeh A, Ghorani-Azam A. Molecular modeling and experimental study of a new peptide-based microextraction fiber for preconcentrating morphine in urine samples. J Mol Model 2019; 25:54. [PMID: 30734871 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-3925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are best known for their bactericidal properties; however, due to their unique and flexible structures, they have also been proposed as potential selective sorbents for specific molecules. In the present study, we aimed to design and produce a new peptide-based microextraction fiber for preconcentrating morphine in urine samples. The binding of morphine to the peptide was first evaluated by computational simulation using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 2015.10 software. A similar study was then performed using DS BIOVIA Materials Studio 2017 v17.1.0.48, which confirmed the results of the simulation carried out with MOE. Afterwards, those results were also confirmed by experimental research. In the experimental evaluation, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were initially carboxylated with H2SO4/HNO3 (3:1) and then functionalized with the peptide. FTIR analysis, Raman measurements, and SEM imaging were used to confirm that CNT functionalization was successful as well as to check the nanostructure of the fiber. To evaluate the functionality of the fiber, it was inserted into a microtube containing a urine sample that included morphine and then sonicated for 5 min at 40 °C. Afterwards, the fiber was washed with methanol 20% (H2O/methanol) and the resulting sample was analyzed by HPLC. This procedure was repeated for different concentrations of morphine in the urine sample. The computational and experimental results showed that a morphine concentration as low as 0.25 ppb in urine could be adsorbed and detected using the peptide fiber. Therefore, given its semi-selective binding affinity for morphine, this peptide-based fiber can be considered a new approach to the detection of small amounts of morphine in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zarrin Es'haghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Mashhad, 19395-4697, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Riahi-Zanjani B, Balali-Mood M, Asoodeh A, Es'haghi Z, Ghorani-Azam A. Potential application of amino acids in analytical toxicology. Talanta 2019; 197:168-174. [PMID: 30771919 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of extraction and preconcentration of small quantities of substances from biological samples is important in analytical sciences, particularly forensic medicine. In the present study, we evaluated the binding potential of amino acids to produce a new solid phase microextraction fiber based on carbon nanotube (CNTs) for extraction and preconcentration of small amount of morphine in urine sample. Raw CNTs were first carboxylated and then functionalized with 3 amino acids including glutamate, arginine, and cysteine. Functionalization was confirmed by FTIR analysis, Raman spectroscopy and SEM imaging. The functionalized CNTs were coated on polypropylene hollow fiber and used for preconcentration. The results of HPLC analysis in isocratic elution mode using acetonitrile-sodium acetate (10:90, v/v; pH 4; 0.01 M) as the mobile phase showed that amino acids are able to adsorb morphine and the prepared fiber could preconcentrate a very low concentration of morphine (0.25 ppb) in urine matrix. In addition, the fiber was successfully used for up to 30 times with no significant loss in the extraction efficiency. Lowest limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.07 and 0.25, respectively. Also, the lowest and best recovery of the fiber was 87.8% and 139% at LOQ, which belonged to glutamate and arginine, respectively. The fibers based on amino acids can be used for the detection of a small amount of morphine in biological samples, which are not detectable by conventional methods. Simple mechanism of these fibers in preconcentrating morphine makes them a novel candidate for detection of other opiates and drugs of abuses in crime scene investigations and postmortem examinations several days after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zarrin Es'haghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ghorani-Azam A, Sepahi S, Khodaverdi E, Mohajeri SA. Herbal medicine as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of vascular dementia: A systematic literature review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1720-1728. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Medical Toxicology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Samaneh Sepahi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center; Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Elham Khodaverdi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center; Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center; Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Ghorani-Azam A, Balali-Mood M, Aryan E, Karimi G, Riahi-Zanjani B. Effect of amino acid substitution on biological activity of cyanophlyctin-β and brevinin-2R. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ghorani-Azam A, Sepahi S, Riahi-Zanjani B, Alizadeh Ghamsari A, Mohajeri SA, Balali-Mood M. Plant toxins and acute medicinal plant poisoning in children: A systematic literature review. J Res Med Sci 2018; 23:26. [PMID: 29692823 PMCID: PMC5894275 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_629_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many years, medicinal plants and herbal therapy have been widely used in different societies for the treatment of various diseases. Besides their therapeutic potency, some of the medicinal plants have strong toxicity in human, especially in children and elderly. Despite common beliefs that natural products are safe, there have been few reports on their toxicities. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we aimed to systematically review the literature wherein acute plant poisoning and herbal intoxication have been reported in pediatric patients. After literature search and selection of the appropriate documents, the desired data were extracted and described qualitatively. RESULTS A total of 127 articles with overall 1453 intoxicated cases were collected. The results of this study showed that some medicinal plants can cause acute poisoning and complications such as hepatic and renal failure in children. CONCLUSION The findings of this survey showed that acute plant poisoning can be life?threatening in children, and since a single?ingested dose of toxic plants can cause acute poisoning, parents should be aware of these toxic effects and compare the side effects of self?medication with its potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sepahi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Karimi G, Balali-Mood M, Alamdaran SA, Badie-Bostan H, Mohammadi E, Ghorani-Azam A, Sadeghi M, Riahi-Zanjani B. Increase in the Th1-Cell-Based Immune Response in Healthy Workers Exposed to Low-Dose Radiation - Immune System Status of Radiology Staff. J Pharmacopuncture 2017; 20:107-111. [PMID: 30087787 PMCID: PMC5532469 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2017.20.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Radiation is one of the most important sources of free radical (such as reactive oxygen species) production, which plays an essential role in the etiology of over hundred diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate some immune parameters and hematological indices in healthy workers of the Radiology Department, University Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. Methods The study was performed on 50 healthy workers: 30 radiology staff as the case group and 20 laboratory workers as the control group. The radiation dose received by the radiology staff participating in the study was less than the annual maximum permissible level, 50 millisievert. Hematological parameters, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were studied in both groups. Results Among healthy radiology workers, the hematological indices did not differ statistically; however, their proliferation indices and IFN-γ levels showed significant increases in parallel with decreases in the IL-4 levels as compared to controls. The immune system of workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation was found to be shifted from a Type 2 to a Type 1 response to promote cellular immunity. Conclusion Based on our data, exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation may decrease the prevalence, frequency, and recurrence of various cancers and infectious diseases because of an increase in Th1-cell-based response, thus leading to more protection of the human body against tumor cells and foreign agents and possibly increased longevity. However, due to high rate of fluoroscopy use for interventional radiology, we suggest continuing research projects on radiation protection and hazards to prevent irreversible damage. As a recommendation, in future studies, radiology staff with a weakened immunity due to high radiation exposure should be considered as good choices to be treated using acupuncture techniques because acupuncture has been demonstrated to enhance the function and the number of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Ali Alamdaran
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Badie-Bostan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sadeghi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ghorani-Azam A, Riahi-Zanjani B, Balali-Mood M. Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran. J Res Med Sci 2016; 21:65. [PMID: 27904610 PMCID: PMC5122104 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.189646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major concern of new civilized world, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. It has a number of different emission sources, but motor vehicles and industrial processes contribute the major part of air pollution. According to the World Health Organization, six major air pollutants include particle pollution, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead. Long and short term exposure to air suspended toxicants has a different toxicological impact on human including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric complications, the eyes irritation, skin diseases, and long-term chronic diseases such as cancer. Several reports have revealed the direct association between exposure to the poor air quality and increasing rate of morbidity and mortality mostly due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Air pollution is considered as the major environmental risk factor in the incidence and progression of some diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, ventricular hypertrophy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, psychological complications, autism, retinopathy, fetal growth, and low birth weight. In this review article, we aimed to discuss toxicology of major air pollutants, sources of emission, and their impact on human health. We have also proposed practical measures to reduce air pollution in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mohseni S, Aghayan M, Ghorani-Azam A, Behdani M, Asoodeh A. Evaluation of antibacterial properties of Barium Zirconate Titanate (BZT) nanoparticle. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1393-9. [PMID: 25763046 PMCID: PMC4323315 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, the antibacterial activity of some organic and inorganic compounds has been studied. Barium zirconate titanate [Ba(ZrxTi₁-x)O₃] (x = 0.05) nanoparticle is an example of inorganic materials. In vitro studies have provided evidence for the antibacterial activity of this nanoparticle. In the current study, the nano-powder was synthesized by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction showed that the powder was single-phase and had a perovskite structure at the calcination temperature of 1000 °C. Antibacterial activity of the desired nanoparticle was assessed on two gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus PTCC1431 and Micrococcus luteus PTCC1625) and two gram-negative (Escherichia coli HP101BA 7601c and clinically isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria according to Radial Diffusion Assay (RDA). The results showed that the antibacterial activity of BZT nano-powder on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was acceptable. The minimum inhibitory concentration of this nano-powder was determined. The results showed that MIC values for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, M. luteus and S. aureus were about 2.3 μg/mL, 7.3 μg/mL, 3 μg/mL and 12 μg/mL, respectively. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was also evaluated and showed that the growth of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, M. luteus and S. aureus could be decreased at 2.3, 14, 3 and 18 μg/mL of BZT. Average log reduction in viable bacteria count in time-kill assay ranged between 6 Log₁₀ cfu/mL to zero after 24 h of incubation with BZT nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mohseni
- Department of molecular biologyAhar branchIslamic Azad UniversityAharIranDepartment of molecular biology, Ahar branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Aghayan
- Department of Physics and Electro-CeramicFaculty of SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIranDepartment of Physics and Electro-Ceramic, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Medical Toxicology Research CenterSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIranMedical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Behdani
- Department of Physics and Electro-CeramicFaculty of SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIranDepartment of Physics and Electro-Ceramic, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIranDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Asoodeh A, Sepahi S, Ghorani-Azam A. Purification and modeling amphipathic alpha helical antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 83:411-7. [PMID: 24168384 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides as ancient immune system are found in almost all types of living organisms. Amphibian's skin is an important source of bioactive peptides with strong antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor properties. They have important role in inducing apoptosis as well as cancer therapy in vitro. In this study, we extracted and purified antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis and named them brevinin-Eu and cyanophlyctin β. They showed favorable antibacterial properties on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with ignorable hemolytic activity of <1.9% and 0.7% at very high concentrations of brevinin-Eu and cyanophlyctin β, respectively. For antibacterial activity and MIC determination, two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus PTCC1431 and B. cereus PTCC1247) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli HP101BA 7601c and Klebsiella pneumoniae PTCC1388) were assayed. MIC values of extracted peptides demonstrated that they can inhibit bacterial growth at very low concentration (17 and 12 μg/mL) for brevinin-Eu and cyanophlyctin β, respectively. Structural prediction suggested that the brevinin-Eu can efficiently bind and destroy bacterial membrane, but cyanophlyctin β uses a diverse mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Vakil Abad Blvd., Azadi Square, Mashhad, PO Box 9177948974, Iran; Biomolecules Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Vakil Abad Blvd., Azadi Square, Mashhad, PO Box 9177948974, Iran
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Salehpour M, Tayyebi Meibodi N, Teimourpour R, Ghorani-Azam A, Sepahi S, Rostami S, Meshkat Z. Frequency of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18 And 31 in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Invasive Breast Carcinoma, North- East of Iran. Iran J Pathol 2015; 10:192-198. [PMID: 26351484 PMCID: PMC4539770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND &OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy. Detection of DNA of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in breast carcinomas suggests that the virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HPVs genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31 in paraffin-embedded tissue samples of invasive breast carcinomas. METHODS Three hundred and twenty six paraffin-embedded tissue samples of breast cancer were studied. PCR was performed using specific primers for HPV genotypes. RESULTS Of total 206 (63.2%) samples positive for Beta-globin gene, 54 (26.2%) were HPV-positive and 152 (73.8%) were negative for HPV. Distribution of HPV genotypes were as follows: 19 (25.7%) were positive for genotype 11, 5 (6.8%) were positive for genotype 6; and 2 cases (2.7%) were positive for both genotypes 6 and 11. Samples were also screened for HPV genotypes 16, 18 and 31 but none was positive. CONCLUSION The current study confirmed the association of HPV and breast cancer. However, all samples were negative for high-risk HPV types 16, 18 and 31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Salehpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Tayyebi Meibodi
- Skin Diseases and Cutaneous Leishmanaisis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Teimourpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sepahi
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Rostami
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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