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Solis-Torres N, Braverman-Diaz I, Rivera-Morales LA, Perez-Sanchez JJ, Perez-Bravo VS, Neris-Sanchez AJ, Vera A, Diaz-Algorri Y. Medical students' knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV vaccine and head and neck cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2344248. [PMID: 38659106 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2344248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that significantly affects the population worldwide. HPV preventive methods include vaccination, prophylactics, and education. Different types of cancers associated with HPV usually take years or decades to develop after infections, such as Head and Neck Cancer(HNC). Therefore, HPV prevention can be considered cancer prevention. A sample of medical students in Puerto Rico was evaluated to assess their knowledge about HPV, HPV vaccine, and HNC through two previously validated online questionnaires composed of 38 dichotomized questions, we measured HPV, HPV vaccination(HPVK), and HNC knowledge (HNCK). Out of 104 students surveyed, the mean HPVK score obtained was 20.07/26, SD = 3.86, while the mean score for HNCK was 6.37/12, SD = 1.78. Bidirectional stepwise regression showed study year and HPV Vaccine name had been the most influential variables on HPVK and HNCK. MS1 participants scored lower than MS2-MS4 participants, with no significant difference between MS2-MS4 scores. The results reveal knowledge gaps in HPV/HPV Vaccine and HNC among surveyed medical students. Our findings also suggest an association between knowledge of personal vaccination status, self-perceived risk, and how uncertainty in these factors may affect the medical students' understanding of HPV, HPV vaccination, and associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isardo Braverman-Diaz
- Master of Public Health Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis A Rivera-Morales
- Master of Public Health Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Jose J Perez-Sanchez
- Master of Public Health Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Valeria S Perez-Bravo
- Master of Public Health Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Angel J Neris-Sanchez
- Master of Public Health Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Alexis Vera
- Master of Public Health Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Yaritza Diaz-Algorri
- Master of Public Health Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
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Montalti M, Salussolia A, Capodici A, Scognamiglio F, Di Valerio Z, La Fauci G, Soldà G, Fantini MP, Odone A, Costantino C, Leask J, Larson HJ, Lenzi J, Gori D. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Coverage and Confidence in Italy: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study, the OBVIOUS Project. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:187. [PMID: 38400170 PMCID: PMC10891781 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates are still below the target due to vaccine refusal or delay, lack of knowledge, and logistical challenges. Understanding these barriers is crucial for developing strategies to improve HPV vaccination rates. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire to investigate social and behavioral factors influencing decision making about the HPV vaccine. The survey was conducted from 11 April to 29 May 2022 and involved 10,000 Italian citizens aged ≥ 18 years. The sample was stratified based on region of residence, gender, and age group. RESULTS 3160 participants were surveyed about themselves, while 1266 respondents were surveyed about their children's vaccine uptake. Among females aged ≥ 26 years, the national average HPV vaccine uptake was 21.7%, with variations across different regions. In the 18-25 age group, females had a vaccine uptake (80.8%) twice as much as males (38.1%), while vaccine uptake among male and female children aged 9-11 was similar. CONCLUSIONS The OBVIOUS study in Italy reveals factors influencing low HPV vaccine uptake, suggesting targeted approaches, tailored information campaigns, heightened awareness of eligibility, promoting early vaccination, addressing low-risk perception among males, addressing safety concerns, and enhancing perceived accessibility to improve vaccine uptake and mitigate health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montalti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
| | - Aurelia Salussolia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
| | - Angelo Capodici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health Science, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Scognamiglio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
| | - Zeno Di Valerio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
| | - Giusy La Fauci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
| | - Giorgia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
| | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Julie Leask
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Heidi J. Larson
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Institute of Health Metrics, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (D.G.)
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Kushwah AS, Masood S, Mishra R, Banerjee M. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in DNA repair genes and treatment outcome of chemoradiotherapy in cervical cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 194:104240. [PMID: 38122918 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) is the deadliest malignancy among women which is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and anthro-demographical/clinicopathological factors. HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 target p53 and RB (retinoblastoma) protein degradation, Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM-RAD3-related (ATR) inactivation and subsequent impairment of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination, and base excision repair pathways. There is also an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in Tumor Growth Suppressors (TGS), oncogenes, and DNA repair genes leading to increased genome instability and CaCx development. These alterations might be responsible for differential clinical response to Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients. This review explores HPV-mediated DNA damage as a risk factor in CaCx development, the mechanistic role of genetic and epigenetic alterations in DNA repair genes and their association with CRT and outcome, It also explores new possibilities for the development of genetic and epigenetic-based biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and molecular therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atar Singh Kushwah
- Department of Urology and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, New York 10029, NY, USA; Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shireen Masood
- Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnikant Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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O'Leary SC, Frost HM. Does HPV vaccination initiation at age 9, improve HPV initiation and vaccine series completion rates by age 13? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2180971. [PMID: 36892245 PMCID: PMC10026893 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2180971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is important to reduce rates of cervical and oropharyngeal cancer. We aimed to evaluate if a program to initiate HPV vaccination at 9 years improved initiation and completion rates by 13 years of age. Data on empaneled patients aged 9-13 years from January 1, 2021 to August 30, 2022 were abstracted from the electronic health record. Primary outcome measures included HPV vaccination initiation and series completion by 13 years of age. The secondary outcome measure was missed opportunities for HPV vaccination. In total, 25,888 patients were included (12,433 pre-intervention, and 13,455 post-intervention). The percentage of patients aged 9-13 with an in-person visit who received at least 1 dose of HPV vaccine increased from 30% pre-intervention to 43% post-intervention. The percentage of patients who received 2 doses of vaccine increased from 19.3% pre-intervention to 42.7% post-intervention. For the overall population seen in-person, initiation of HPV vaccination by age 13 years increased from 42% to 54%. HPV completion increased as well (13% to 18%). HPV vaccination initiation at 9 years of age may be an acceptable and effective approach to improving vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C O'Leary
- Department of General Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Holly M Frost
- Department of General Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Health Systems Research, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Kuan I, Tian K, Grabosch S, Sehn J, Hoff J. HPV-associated vulvar carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2023; 50:101298. [PMID: 37965381 PMCID: PMC10641161 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2023.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
•Sebaceous carcinoma is rare on the vulva and uncommonly associated with HPV.•Pregnancy may play a role in onset or exacerbation of HPV-associated vulvar cancers.•Treatment of vulvar sebaceous carcinoma is local excision and sentinel lymph node dissection with close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kuan
- Saint Louis University Graduate Medical Education, Saint Louis MO, USA
| | - Katherine Tian
- Saint Louis University Graduate Medical Education, Saint Louis MO, USA
| | - Shannon Grabosch
- SLUCare Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Saint Louis MO, USA
- SSM Health St. Mary’s Hospital, Saint Louis MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Sehn
- SLUCare Department of Pathology, Saint Louis MO, USA
- SSM Health St. Mary’s Hospital, Saint Louis MO, USA
| | - John Hoff
- SLUCare Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Saint Louis MO, USA
- SSM Health St. Mary’s Hospital, Saint Louis MO, USA
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García YL, Ruiz LA, Calo WA, Vadaparampil ST, Mendoza A, Cintrón RV. Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes among Young Women in Puerto Rico; a retrospective longitudinal study. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3591893. [PMID: 38076882 PMCID: PMC10705711 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3591893/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. High-risk HPV types are the main cause of cervical cancer. Annually, cervical cancer is among the top 10 cancers in Puerto Rican women, with 22% of these cases ending in death. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes in a large cohort of young women living in Puerto Rico. Methods A retrospective longitudinal analysis was performed with a sample of 5,749 HPV results obtained from a clinical database of women ages 21 to 29 from 2014-2016. Results Outcomes indicate that among those with a positive HPV result, about one-third (35.2%) had a high-risk HPV infection. Women between the ages of 21 to 23 showed the highest prevalence (40.6%) of high-risk HPV. Among genotypes HPV 16 and 18, genotype 16 was the most prevalent. Interestingly, 85.4% of results were positive for other high-risk HPV types other than 16 or 18. Of the 458 women who had at least two tests completed, 217 had an initial positive result for HPV and only 108 (49.7%) resolved the infection. Conclusions This study confirms the high prevalence of several genotypes of high-risk HPV in young women in a large Puerto Rican sample.
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Ailloud J, Branchereau M, Fall E, Juneau C, Partouche H, Bonnay S, Oudin-Doglioni D, Michel M, Gagneux-Brunon A, Bruel S, Thilly N, Gauchet A. How can we improve the acceptability of vaccination against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in France? An original qualitative study with focus groups comprising parents and school staff, interviewed separately. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00656-4. [PMID: 37344259 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proven that vaccination is effective against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections, genital warts, and pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. Nevertheless, the HPV vaccine coverage of 37.4 % in 2021 in France is one of the lowest in Europe. To explore and understand the reason why French population is so late compared to its neighbours, we carried out focus groups with mothers and with National Education school staff. We aimed to identify knowledge and perceptions of HPV in both study populations, as well as factors influencing HPV vaccination. METHODS Between January 2020 and March 2021, we performed a qualitative study using an inductive approach with a thematic content analysis (TCA). We conducted semi-structured focus groups with 29 people including 15 mothers of adolescents in middle schools and 14 school staff from the national education system. RESULTS Different factors influenced the decision-making process of parents and school staff: knowledge and perceptions of HPV and its vaccine, sources of information about HPV and vaccination. Mothers' discourses differed from those of school staff. They mentioned the importance of gynaecological monitoring and the negative image of pharmaceutical companies, and questioned internet as a reliable source of information. For their part, school staff mentioned cultural and/or religious affiliation, municipalities' role to inform the population, and ethical dilemma or logistical challenges regarding HPV vaccination in schools. CONCLUSION The results of these focus groups provided information on which elements may harm or help HPV vaccination. Identified perceptions, beliefs, knowledge, barriers, and facilitators will help us to build an intervention program focus on general practitioners (GP), school staff, parents, and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ailloud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LIP/PC2S, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Branchereau
- Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des cancers-Pays de la Loire, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Fall
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Catherine Juneau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LIP/PC2S, 38000 Grenoble, France; Health Psychology Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Henri Partouche
- Département de Médecine générale, Université Paris Cité, France
| | | | - Damien Oudin-Doglioni
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Global Health Department, Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, France
| | - Morgane Michel
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMR 1123, Inserm, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Gagneux-Brunon
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC INSERM 1408 Vaccinologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sébastien Bruel
- Health, Systemic, Process UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of General Practice, Jacques Lisfranc Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne-Lyon University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nathalie Thilly
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Département Méthodologie, Promotion, Investigation, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Aurélie Gauchet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LIP/PC2S, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Olusanya OA, Tomar A, Thomas J, Alonge K, Wigfall LT. Application of the theoretical domains framework to identify factors influencing catch-up HPV vaccinations among male college students in the United States: A review of evidence and recommendations. Vaccine 2023; 41:3564-3576. [PMID: 37164820 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection among young adults ages 15-25 years in the United States (US). Although HPV vaccines are recommended for individuals ages through 26 years, vaccine completion rates remain substantially low. METHODS Accordingly, our study utilized a comprehensive - Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) of behavior change to systematically identify facilitators and barriers to catch-up HPV vaccinations. Five databases - Medline, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, and PsycINFO were searched from January 2009 to July 2019 for empirical studies using quantitative and qualitative methods to assess HPV vaccine uptake among males ages 18-26 years within US college and university settings. The TDF analytic process included a content analysis using the mixed deductive-inductive approach to extract, analyze and categorize data into TDF domains/themes and sub-themes. RESULTS Overall, 17 studies were selected for data extraction. We identified eleven key TDF domains that influenced HPV vaccination behavior among college male students: 'knowledge' (82% of included studies), 'environmental context and resources' (53%), 'beliefs about consequences' (53%), 'unrealistic optimism' (50%) and 'pessimism' (6%), 'emotion' (50%), 'social influences' (50%), 'beliefs about capabilities' (41%), 'intention' (24%), 'reinforcement' (18%), 'social professional role and identity'(12%), and 'behavioral regulation' (12%). Barriers influencing HPV vaccine uptake included lack of knowledge and awareness regarding HPV infections, HPV vaccine safety, effectiveness, side effects, and costs; absence of health providers' recommendations; lack of healthcare and health insurance; low levels of perceived susceptibility and severity for HPV infections; HPV vaccine misinformation; as well as social stigma and peer influences regarding HPV vaccinations. Enablers for HPV vaccine uptake included high levels of perceived benefits for HPV vaccines. DISCUSSION Our study theoretically identified factors influencing HPV vaccinations. This could inform the efficient planning, support, and implementation of interventions that facilitate catch-up HPV vaccination practices among high-risk males within college/university settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunto A Olusanya
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), UTHSC-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Research Center, 50 N Dunlap, Memphis, TN 38103, United States.
| | - Aditi Tomar
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 107 Gilchrist Building (Reception Area), Mail Stop 4243, College Station, TX 77842-4243, United States.
| | - Jonathan Thomas
- Department of Public Health Studies, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 212 Adriance Lab Rd, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| | - Kemi Alonge
- Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI 54449, United States.
| | - Lisa T Wigfall
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention Research Training Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1150 Pressler Street, Cancer Prevention Research Building (CPB7.3556), Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Karamveer K, Tiwary BK. CarcinoHPVPred: An ensemble of machine learning models for HPV carcinogenicity prediction using genomic data. Carcinogenesis 2022:bgac079. [PMID: 36170064 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections often show no symptoms but sometimes lead to either warts or carcinoma based on the HPV genotype. The relationship between HPV infections and cervical cancer have been well studied in the past two decades. However, distinguishing carcinogenic HPV variants from non-carcinogenic ones remains a major challenge in clinical genetic testing of HPV-induced cancer samples. All of the published HPV carcinogenicity prediction methods are neither publically available nor tested with two-thirds of available HPV variants. The nucleotide composition-based studies are the simplest and most precise methods of characterizing new genomes. Hence, there is a need for machine learning models which can predict the carcinogenic nature of newly discovered HPV based on their genomic composition. We developed a standalone and web tool, CarcinoHPVPred (h t t p :// test5.bicpu.edu.in/CarcinoHPVPred.php), for predicting the phenotype of HPV with a range of a high accuracy between 94% - 100%. This tool consists of machine learning models build upon genomic features of two genes namely E2 and E6. Overall, the accurate and early prediction of carcinogenic nature of HPV can be performed with this only available tool of its kind till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamveer Karamveer
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605 014, India
| | - Basant K Tiwary
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605 014, India
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Giubbi C, Martinelli M, Vallini I, Paganoni S, Dafa'alla T, Perdoni F, Musumeci R, Wu W, Castriciano S, Romano P, Cocuzza CE. Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in vaginal self-samples: evaluation of eNat® as an alternative suspension medium to ThinPrep®PreservCyt® for vaginal swabs. Open Res Eur 2022; 2:35. [PMID: 37645291 PMCID: PMC10446064 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14344.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing on self-collected samples allows for improved coverage rates of cervical cancer (CC) screening programs. ThinPrep®PreservCyt® (HOLOGIC®, USA) medium is widely used for the suspension of cervical and vaginal self-samples. However, this medium is costly, toxic, and flammable, involving special handling procedures which make its use difficult in screening programs, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of eNat ® (Copan SpA), an alternative non-alcohol-based suspension medium, compared to ThinPrep®PreservCyt® (HOLOGIC®) for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) detection in vaginal self-collected swabs using three different real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) HPV assays: Anyplex™II HPV28 (Seegene, Korea), Papilloplex® High Risk HPV (GeneFirst, UK), and HPV OncoPredict (Hiantis, Italy). 30 women, referred to colposcopy, were enrolled in this observational, prospective pilot study and asked to collect two vaginal self-taken samples, which were suspended in 5 mL of ThinPrep®PreservCyt® or eNat®. Nucleic acids were extracted from 200 μL using Microlab Nimbus platform (Seegene, Korea) and tested with the three different RT-PCR full-genotyping high-risk HPV assays. The HPV results of vaginal samples resuspended in the two different media were compared to those obtained from the reference clinician-collected cervical sample from the same woman. hrHPV detection in vaginal self-samples suspended in both media demonstrated a substantial agreement with cervical samples with the three assays under-investigation (0.667
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giubbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marianna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Federica Perdoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Rosario Musumeci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Winnie Wu
- GeneFirst Ltd., Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK
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Asensio-Puig L, Alemany L, Pavón MA. A Straightforward HPV16 Lineage Classification Based on Machine Learning. Front Artif Intell 2022; 5:851841. [PMID: 35814487 PMCID: PMC9260188 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2022.851841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the causal agent of 5% of cancers worldwide and the main cause of cervical cancer and it is also associated with a significant percentage of oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. More than 60% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV16 genotype, which has been classified into lineages (A, B, C, and D). Lineages are related to the progression of cervical cancer and the current method to assess lineages is by building a Maximum Likelihood Tree (MLT); which is slow, it cannot assess poor sequenced samples, and annotation is done manually. In this study, we have developed a new model to assess HPV16 lineage using machine learning tools. A total of 645 HPV16 genomes were analyzed using Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), which identified 56 lineage-specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). From the SNPs found, training-test models were constructed using different algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN). A distinct set of HPV16 sequences (n = 1,028), whose lineage was previously determined by MLT, was used for validation. The RF-based model allowed a precise assignment of HPV16 lineage, showing an accuracy of 99.5% in the known lineage samples. Moreover, the RF model could assess lineage to 273 samples that MLT could not determine. In terms of computer consuming time, the RF-based model was almost 40 times faster than MLT. Having a fast and efficient method for assigning HPV16 lineages, could facilitate the implementation of lineage classification as a triage or prognostic marker in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Asensio-Puig
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Angel Pavón
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Ghiani L, Chiocca S. High Risk-Human Papillomavirus in HNSCC: Present and Future Challenges for Epigenetic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3483. [PMID: 35408843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by an incidence of 650,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths per year worldwide and a male to female ratio of 3:1. The main risk factors are alcohol and tobacco consumption and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections. HNSCC cases are divided into two subgroups, the HPV-negative (HPV−) and the HPV-positive (HPV+) which have different clinicopathological and molecular profiles. However, patients are still treated with the same therapeutic regimens. It is thus of utmost importance to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences to find new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets towards personalized therapies. Epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of cancer and can be exploited as both promising biomarkers and potential new targets. E6 and E7 HPV oncoviral proteins besides targeting p53 and pRb, impair the expression and the activity of several epigenetic regulators. While alterations in DNA methylation patterns have been well described in HPV+ and HPV− HNSCC, accurate histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) characterization is still missing. Herein, we aim to provide an updated overview on the impact of HPV on the hPTMs landscape in HNSCC. Moreover, we will also discuss the sex and gender bias in HNSCC and how the epigenetic machinery could be involved in this process, and the importance of taking into account sex and/or gender also in this field.
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Carse S, Lang D, Katz AA, Schäfer G. Exogenous Vimentin Supplementation Transiently Affects Early Steps during HPV16 Pseudovirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122471. [PMID: 34960740 PMCID: PMC8703489 DOI: 10.3390/v13122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and modulating the early steps in oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has great cancer-preventative potential, as this virus is the etiological agent of virtually all cervical cancer cases and is associated with many other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Previous work from our laboratory has identified cell-surface-expressed vimentin as a novel HPV16 pseudovirus (HPV16-PsVs)-binding molecule modulating its infectious potential. To further explore its mode of inhibiting HPV16-PsVs internalisation, we supplemented it with exogenous recombinant human vimentin and show that only the globular form of the molecule (as opposed to the filamentous form) inhibited HPV16-PsVs internalisation in vitro. Further, this inhibitory effect was only transient and not sustained over prolonged incubation times, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, possibly due to full-entry molecule engagement by the virions once saturation levels have been reached. The vimentin-mediated delay of HPV16-PsVs internalisation could be narrowed down to affecting multiple steps during the virus’ interaction with the host cell and was found to affect both heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding as well as the subsequent entry receptor complex engagement. Interestingly, decreased pseudovirus internalisation (but not infection) in the presence of vimentin was also demonstrated for oncogenic HPV types 18, 31 and 45. Together, these data demonstrate the potential of vimentin as a modulator of HPV infection which can be used as a tool to study early mechanisms in infectious internalisation. However, further refinement is needed with regard to vimentin’s stabilisation and formulation before its development as an alternative prophylactic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Carse
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Dirk Lang
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Arieh A. Katz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- SA-MRC-UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-404-7688
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Brewczyński A, Jabłońska B, Mazurek AM, Mrochem-Kwarciak J, Mrowiec S, Śnietura M, Kentnowski M, Kołosza Z, Składowski K, Rutkowski T. Comparison of Selected Immune and Hematological Parameters and Their Impact on Survival in Patients with HPV-Related and HPV-Unrelated Oropharyngeal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133256. [PMID: 34209764 PMCID: PMC8268778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This is a research article on oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). The aim of the study was to assess and compare basic immune parameters and ratios in patients with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)+ and HPV− OPC, before and after radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and to investigate their impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune inflammation (SII) are significant adverse prognostic factors for HPV+ OPC patients, because they are significantly associated with both inferior OS and DFS in this group, whereas the higher platelet cells (PLT) count is significant adverse prognostic factor for HPV− OPC patients, because it is significantly associated with inferior OS and DFS in this group. This study confirmed that determination of HPV etiology as well as analysis of various hematological and immune parameters should be a standard management in OPC patients in order to properly treat them for improved prognosis. Abstract Several immune and hematological parameters are associated with survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). The aim of the study was to analyze selected immune and hematological parameters of patients with HPV-related (HPV+) and HPV-unrelated (HPV−) OPC, before and after radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT) and to assess the impact of these parameters on survival. One hundred twenty seven patients with HPV+ and HPV− OPC, treated with RT alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), were included. Patients were divided according to HPV status. Confirmation of HPV etiology was obtained from FFPE (Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded) tissue samples and/or extracellular circulating HPV DNA was determined. The pre-treatment and post-treatment laboratory blood parameters were compared in both groups. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune inflammation (SII) index were calculated. The impact of these parameters on overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival was analyzed. In HPV+ patients, a high pre-treatment white blood cells (WBC) count (>8.33 /mm3), NLR (>2.13), SII (>448.60) significantly correlated with reduced OS, whereas high NLR (>2.29), SII (>462.58) significantly correlated with reduced DFS. A higher pre-treatment NLR and SII were significant poor prognostic factors for both OS and DFS in the HPV+ group. These associations were not apparent in HPV− patients. There are different pre-treatment and post-treatment immune and hematological prognostic factors for OS and DFS in HPV+ and HPV− patients. The immune ratios could be considered valuable biomarkers for risk stratification and differentiation for HPV− and HPV+ OPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Brewczyński
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department of Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice Branch, Poland; (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Beata Jabłońska
- Department of Digestive Tract Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Maria Mazurek
- Centre for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer of Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice Branch, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak
- The Analytics and Clinical Biochemistry Department of Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice Branch, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Mrowiec
- Department of Digestive Tract Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Śnietura
- Tumor Pathology Department of Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice Branch, Poland;
| | - Marek Kentnowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department of Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice Branch, Poland; (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Zofia Kołosza
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics of Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice Branch, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Składowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department of Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice Branch, Poland; (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Tomasz Rutkowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department of Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice Branch, Poland; (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.R.)
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Cunningham-Erves J, Campbell L, Barlow C, Barajas C, Mayo-Gamble T, Perry M, Johnson G. Reducing HPV Associated Cancers and Disparities: Engaging African American Men to Develop a Culturally-Appropriate Program that Addresses their Needs. Am J Health Educ 2021; 52:194-206. [PMID: 34239655 DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1930614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The Healthy Men, Health Communities program aims to improve preventive behaviors among African American men to reduce HPV-related cancer disparities. Purpose We describe the development of an educational intervention using cultural-targeting strategies (i.e., linguistics, peripherals, evidence, socio-culture, and constituent-involving). Methods After building capacity of community-based organization (CBO) leaders as research team members, we conducted 3 focus groups, 30 surveys, and a community review and program evaluation with African American men. Results Focus group themes were: 1) The Known and Unknown of Cancer, HPV, and the vaccine; (2) Personal experiences with cancer were commonplace; (3) Barriers to Engaging HPV Cancer Preventive Behaviors; (4) Multi-Modal Strategies are needed to improve preventive behaviors; and (5) Actual versus Preferred Sources of Information. Survey data indicated men desired information on penile (52%) and oral cancers (48%). The preferred education format was a summit with speakers on various topics (96%). Post-summit evaluation indicated majority of males intended to get screened (73%), eat healthier (77%), and exercise more (64%). About 40% reported getting themselves, children, or grandchildren the HPV vaccine. Discussion Our program demonstrated acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy. This work warrants further study as a potential program to improve HPV preventive behaviors among African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cunningham-Erves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208-3599, United States
| | - Lanese Campbell
- Second Missionary Baptist Cooperative Ministries, 1000 Halcyon Ave, Nashville, Tennessee, 37204, United States
| | - Calvin Barlow
- Second Missionary Baptist Cooperative Ministries, 1000 Halcyon Ave, Nashville, Tennessee, 37204, United States
| | - Claudia Barajas
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, 1301 Medical Center Dr #1710, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Tilicia Mayo-Gamble
- Department Community Health Behavior and Education, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8015, 501 Forest Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460, United States
| | - Michel Perry
- Tennessee Department of Health, 665 Mainstream Drive, Nashville, Tennessee 37243, United States
| | - George Johnson
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208-3599, United States
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Deignan C, Swartz A, Cooper S, Colvin CJ. Stakeholders' Understandings of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Rapid Qualitative Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050496. [PMID: 34065961 PMCID: PMC8150903 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are amongst the highest worldwide. All three of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (9-valent, quadrivalent and bivalent HPV vaccine) provide primary protection against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that are known to cause 70% of cervical cancers. Over the last five years, there has been an increase in Sub-Saharan African countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine. The majority of research has been conducted on supply-side barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination uptake in SSA, yet little research has been conducted on demand-side or end-user perspectives of, and decisions around, HPV vaccination. In order to complement existing research, and inform current and future HPV vaccination implementation approaches, this qualitative systematic review explored Stakeholders' understandings of HPV vaccination in SSA. This review searched the following databases: Embase (via Scopus), Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PubMed, EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and found a total of 259 articles. Thirty-one studies were found eligible for inclusion and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke's methods for conducting a thematic analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Three major themes emerged from this analysis; knowledge of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer is intertwined with misinformation; fear has shaped contradictory perceptions about HPV vaccination and gender dynamics are relevant in how stakeholders understand HPV vaccination in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Deignan
- The Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (A.S.); (C.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)66-422-3846
| | - Alison Swartz
- The Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (A.S.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Sara Cooper
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa;
| | - Christopher J. Colvin
- The Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (A.S.); (C.J.C.)
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17
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Fiorito TM, Krilov LR, Nonaillada J. Human Papillomavirus Knowledge and Communication Skills: A Role-Play Activity for Providers. MedEdPORTAL 2021; 17:11150. [PMID: 33907710 PMCID: PMC8063629 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related cancers are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Routine vaccination against HPV is recommended for patients starting at age 9-12 years. Discussing this vaccine with parents of young children can be challenging for clinicians. Barriers include parental beliefs, strength and quality of clinician recommendations, physician knowledge of HPV disease and vaccines, and provider comfort levels with discussing sexuality. METHODS Our interactive workshop began with a predidactic role-play session addressing common concerns about the HPV vaccine where participants took turns playing a concerned parent or provider. We then gave a 30-minute didactic lecture and conducted a postdidactic role-play session to practice communication skills in promoting the HPV vaccine. All participants completed pre- and postintervention knowledge and skill self-assessments. RESULTS Twenty-eight pediatric residents and medical students participated. We observed significant improvement in their ability to appropriately recommend the HPV vaccine in the postdidactic role-play (all ps < .02). Learner knowledge improved from pre- to postintervention (from 34% to 100%, p < .0025, based on average score), as did self-perceived comfort and confidence levels (from 3.6 to 4.3, p < .0001, average score based on a 5-point Likert scale). DISCUSSION An interactive workshop utilizing role-play supplemented by a didactic lecture was effective in improving participants' knowledge, communication skills, comfort levels, and confidence levels regarding HPV disease and vaccines. The workshop offers a practical and interpersonal approach to improving learners' skills in discussing the HPV vaccine with parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Fiorito
- Attending Physician, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, NYU Langone Long Island Hospital; Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Long Island School of Medicine
| | - Leonard R. Krilov
- Chief, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, NYU Langone Long Island Hospital; Professor, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Long Island School of Medicine; Chair, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Long Island Hospital
| | - Jeannine Nonaillada
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine; Assistant Dean, Faculty Development and Mentoring, NYU Long Island School of Medicine
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Ikeda Y, Adachi K, Tomio K, Eguchi-Kojima S, Tsuruga T, Uchino-Mori M, Taguchi A, Komatsu A, Nagamatsu T, Oda K, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Uemura Y, Igimi S, Osuga Y, Fujii T, Kawana K. A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Randomized (Phase IIB) Trial of Oral Administration with HPV16 E7-Expressing Lactobacillus, GLBL101c, for the Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 (CIN2). Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040329. [PMID: 33915901 PMCID: PMC8066592 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a precursor lesion to cervical cancer, is caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV); high-grade CIN lesions (CIN2-3) are precancerous and require treatment. No globally approved therapy is available for CIN2-3 treatment. This study is a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of GLBL101c treatment for CIN2 in 40 patients with HPV16-positive CIN2 who were 1:1 randomized to receive GLBL101c (1 g/daily) or placebo for 5 days at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. No differences were noted between the GLBL101c and placebo groups for patient background and adverse events. Moreover, no statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups at the primary endpoint, pathological regression after 16 weeks of the first oral dose; however, only in the GLBL101c group, two patients had complete regression (CR; regression to normal within 16 weeks). IFNγ production was significantly correlated with the number of spots identified by the interferon gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (IFNγ-ELISPOT) assay using cervical lymphocytes (CxLs) or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In the two cases of CR, E7-specific Th1 immune responses were observed at week 16. Therefore, we concluded as a novel Lactobacillus-based vaccine with stronger immunogenicity than GLBL101c should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Katsuyuki Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Kensuke Tomio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Satoko Eguchi-Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Tetsushi Tsuruga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Mayuyo Uchino-Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Atsushi Komatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.I.); (A.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Ai Kawana-Tachikawa
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Shizunobu Igimi
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.I.); (A.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (K.A.); (K.T.); (S.E.-K.); (T.T.); (M.U.-M.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (K.O.); (Y.O.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3972-8111
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19
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Karani LW, Musyoki S, Orina R, Khayeka-Wandabwa C, Nyagaka B. Cytological physiognomies and genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses among HPV/HIV co-infected and HPV mono-infected women. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:254-262. [PMID: 34394305 PMCID: PMC8356618 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-infection of High Risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and HIV is thought to favour initiation of intraepithelial squamous cell lesion and subsequent progression to cervical carcinoma. OBJECTIVES Evaluation of cytological physiognomies in relation to possible age influence and the genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses among HPV/HIV co-infected and HPV monoinfected women in Kisii, Kenya. METHODS The case-control study enrolled 42 HPV/HIV co-infected and 42 HPV monoinfected women. Cervical swabs were collected in ThinPrep vials for HPV tying and cytological analysis. HPV subtypes were assayed by Xpert® HPV system (GXHPV-CE-10). RESULTS Mono-infected women aged 30-39 years had the highest proportion of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) at 14 (16.67%) while the co-infected aged 50-59 years had the highest proportion of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) at 9 (10.71%). HPV-16 genotype was the most predominant and it increased with age rise. Older coinfected and mono-infected women (>40 years) had HSIL and LSIL as the most predominant cytological grade respectively. CONCLUSION The predominance of HPV-16 and HPV-18/45 genotypes in the study setting is a consideration that would benefit targeted prophylactic vaccination programs. HPV testing and cervical cancer screening for young and older women on a regular basis ought to be reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Orina
- School of Health Science, Kisii University, Kenya
| | - Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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20
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Bauwens L, Baltres A, Fiani DJ, Zrounba P, Buiret G, Fleury B, Benzerdjeb N, Grégoire V. Prevalence and distribution of cervical lymph node metastases in HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2021; 157:122-129. [PMID: 33545255 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OP-SCC), the prevalence and distribution of clinical and pathological lymph node metastasis in the neck have been extensively reported. It served as the basis for consensus recommendations on the selection of the lymph node levels in the neck requiring a treatment. The objective of the study is to compare the prevalence and distribution of neck node metastases in HPV+ and HPV- OP-SCC from a large series of patients with OP-SCC who underwent a cervical lymph-node dissection (LND) as part of their treatment. METHODS The study concentrated on OP-SCC patients treated by various neck node dissection (LND) procedures from January 2014 to December 2018 in 3 French institutions. Patients with prior head and neck cancer, prior neck surgery, the use of induction chemotherapy, or patients with carcinoma of unknown primary were excluded. HPV-status was assessed by p16 immunohistochemistry. For each patient, the clinical and the pathological nodal status, as well as the distribution of the positive nodes in each neck level (from Ia to V) were reported. RESULTS Two-hundred and sixty-three patients were included (126 p16-negative (p16-), and 137 p16-positive (p16+). The rate of clinical positive node (cN+) reached 54% and 88.3% in the p16- and p16+ groups, respectively (p < 0.001); the corresponding rate of pathological positive node (pN+) reached 61.9% and 91.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). Regarding the clinical lymph node distribution, in p16+ patients, more positive nodes were observed in the ipsilateral level IV (p = 0.003), and less positive nodes were observed in the contralateral levels III and IV (p = 0.003 and p = 0.045, respectively). Regarding the pathologic lymph node distribution in the ipsilateral neck, in the cN0 patients, no significant difference was observed between p16- and p16+ patients (p = 0.33 to 1); in the cN+ patients, the nodes were distributed in levels Ib, II, III, IV and V without differences between the p16- and the p16+ patients. In the contralateral neck of p16- patients, nodes metastases were mainly observed in levels II, III and IV, whereas for the p16+ patients, positive nodes were only observed in level II (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the higher prevalence of cN+ and pN+ in p16+ OP-SCC patients, but without meaningful difference in the distribution of the lymph node drainage between p16- and p16+ OP-SCC. It indicates that no difference should be made between p16- and p16+ patients regarding the extend of neck treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Baltres
- Pathology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Buiret
- Surgical Department, Centre Hospitalier de Valence, Valence, France
| | - Bertrand Fleury
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Marie Curie, Valence, France
| | - Nazim Benzerdjeb
- Pathology Department, Centre Hopsitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Vincent Grégoire
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
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21
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Tomar A, Balcezak HC, Wigfall LT. HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: Knowledge and attitude/beliefs among non-clinical staff at community-based HIV/AIDS Service Organizations (ASO) in the south United States (U.S.) census region. Health Soc Care Community 2020; 28:2265-2272. [PMID: 32468729 PMCID: PMC7704538 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study describes knowledge and attitude/beliefs about HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer among non-clinical staff, at community-based HIV/AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) located in the Southern U.S. states of South Carolina and Texas. It also explores the difference in knowledge and attitude/beliefs between Texas-based (n = 21) and South Carolina-based (n = 30) ASO staff. The ASOs in our study provide comprehensive HIV prevention, supportive and care services to individuals living with HIV/AIDS or at risk for HIV/AIDS, through partnerships and collaborations. We collected data from the two Texas-based ASOs in 2018 and the three South Carolina-based ASOs in 2016 via a 118-item, self-administered needs assessment survey. Data were analysed using Stata/SE 15.1. Over half the study participants were females (59%), black (78%), heterosexual (61%) and mean age (years) 44.2 ± 12.8 SD. Most participants (73%) believed that quitting smoking positively impacts health. Alarmingly though, only 32% were aware about HPV as a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer, and over half (53%) were unsure about the success of the HPV vaccine in preventing oropharyngeal cancer. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences observed in the oropharyngeal cancer-related knowledge and attitudes/beliefs, between ASOs in Texas and South Carolina. ASO staff work closely with people living with HIV (PLWH), who are disproportionately affected by HPV-associated cancers. The low/poor knowledge and attitudes/beliefs regarding the role of HPV in causing oropharyngeal cancer ascertain the need for equipping community health workers with adequate education/training that improves their knowledge and attitudes/beliefs about the role of HPV in causing various forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Tomar
- College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hannah C Balcezak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lisa T Wigfall
- College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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22
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Prilepskaya VN, Gomberg M, Kothari S, Yee K, Kulkarni A, Garland SM, Giuliano AR. Estimating the Burden of Illness Related to Genital Warts in Russia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Health Econ Outcomes Res 2020; 7:182-188. [PMID: 33088844 PMCID: PMC7549541 DOI: 10.36469/jheor.2020.17246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the etiologic agents of genital warts (GW). HPV is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted viral infections, and nearly 65% of individuals with partners who have GW also develop GW. In Russia, as in many other countries, overall GW prevalence data are scarce. Given the lack of Russian data, our study estimated GW prevalence in physician practices and GW-related health care resource use in Russia among male and female patients aged 18-60 years. METHODS Russian physicians recorded daily patient logs for a two-week period and conducted a 30-minute survey to estimate GW prevalence and related resource use between January and June 2012. Age, gender, and GW diagnosis status was recorded. Prevalence was obtained for each physician and calculated into a single estimate across all physician types. Overall prevalence estimate and 95% confidence interval were weighted by the estimated number of physicians in each specialty and the proportion of total patients visiting each specialist type. Health care resource use was reported and compared among different physician specialties. RESULTS The overall GW prevalence estimate was 9162 cases per 100 000 for male and female patients aged 18-60 years, with 9917 for obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYN), 8298 for urologists (URO), and 7833 for dermatologists (DERM). For males, GW prevalence was 8769 cases per 100 000, with the highest prevalence in the 30-34 age group. In females, GW prevalence was 9304 cases per 100 000, with the highest prevalence in the 18-24 age group. Among overall existing GW cases, 63.1% were recurrent and 34.2% were resistant. For all patients in our study, GW prevalence was higher in females. Male patients had the highest prevalence for those aged 30-34 years, and female patients for those aged 18-24 years. These results are consistent with data reported in other countries. Study limitations include estimates and results representative of the urban population of Russia. Despite its limitations, this study provides a GW prevalence estimate in Russia not previously available. CONCLUSIONS GW is a significant public health concern in Russia, and the GW prevalence was higher in female patients compared to male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera N. Prilepskaya
- Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow,
Russia
| | - Mikhail Gomberg
- Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, Moscow,
Russia
| | | | - Karen Yee
- Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA,
USA
| | | | - Suzanne M. Garland
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria,
Australia
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC) at Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL,
USA
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23
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Miguel Haddad Kury C, Santos KCDS, Carestiato FN, Rapozo G, Leandro CG, Fernandes LA, Silva PRT, Passos MRL, Cruz OG, Cavalcanti SMB. Human papillomavirus prevalence, genomic diversity and related risk factors in HIV-positive women from a countryside city in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:838-844. [PMID: 32961070 PMCID: PMC7993155 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1799666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause genital warts and HPV-related cancer.People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)are more symptomatic for HPV infections.Campos dos Goytacazes,a municipality of Rio de Janeiro,introduced the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV)for HIV-positive women four years before initiation of a public vaccination program.This study analyzed the prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-positive women and the variables associated with infectionTwo groups were evaluated:group 1,with Pap smear and HPV-negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR);group 2, individuals with at least one positive result for HPV in PCR or pap smear.PCR was performed in endocervical samples using generic primers, and the LCD-Array Kit was used for genotyping.Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed.Results in 109 women (Group 1 n = 70; group 2 n = 39)showed an overall HPV prevalence of 36%.Results also showed that 88% (n = 23) and 96% (n = 25)of typed viruses (total of typed viruses n = 26)were included in 4vHPV and 9vHPV (nonavalent HPV),respectively.In univariate analysis,age less than 45 years, a high number of sexual partners,and HIV-viral load were risk factors for infection.However, a CD4 indicator was associated with protection.Although HIV infection is generally related to multiple and rare types of HPV,this study showed that a vast majority of the HPV types found are included in 4vHPV.Considering that age less than 45 years is a risk factor, the use of 4vHPV in Brazil should be extended in the public vaccination program to HIV seropositive women up to age 45 years
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbell Miguel Haddad Kury
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade De Medicina De Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Biomedical Institute (LAA, TIC, FNC, SMBC), Universidade Federal Fluminense, State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Cristina Da Silva Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Biomedical Institute (LAA, TIC, FNC, SMBC), Universidade Federal Fluminense, State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nahoum Carestiato
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Biomedical Institute (LAA, TIC, FNC, SMBC), Universidade Federal Fluminense, State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rapozo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Biomedical Institute (LAA, TIC, FNC, SMBC), Universidade Federal Fluminense, State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Abreu Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Biomedical Institute (LAA, TIC, FNC, SMBC), Universidade Federal Fluminense, State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Telles Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Biomedical Institute (LAA, TIC, FNC, SMBC), Universidade Federal Fluminense, State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro Romero Leal Passos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Biomedical Institute (LAA, TIC, FNC, SMBC), Universidade Federal Fluminense, State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz
- Scientific Computing Program (PROCC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Baeta Cavalcanti
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Biomedical Institute (LAA, TIC, FNC, SMBC), Universidade Federal Fluminense, State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Mousavi AS, Pouryasin A, Yarandi F, Pirzadeh L, Alipour A, Khodadad S, Pouryasin M. Assessment of Cervical Cancer Molecular-Based Screening Tools; HPV-DNA Detection versus E6/E7 mRNA Testing; First Report of a Prospective Cohort Study among Iranian Women. Iran J Public Health 2020; 49:1734-1742. [PMID: 33643949 PMCID: PMC7898099 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i9.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been found as the most considerable causes of cervical cancer. Recently, several molecular methods have been introduced to increase the accuracy of the screening programs and decrease the mortality rate. Among these methods, mRNA-based methods have more advantages as they assess the expression level of HPV E6 and E7 oncogenic mRNAs. This study aimed to evaluate the results of HPV RNA- and DNA-based methods among Iranian women population with normal cytology results. Methods: Overall, 4640 women were enrolled referred to the Gynecology Oncology Ward of Vali-e-Asr Hospital, private and academic clinics, Tehran, Iran from Jan 2016 to Apr 2018. To assess the HPV-DNA infection INNO-LiPA® HPV Genotyping Extra-II kit was used. For HPV-RNA assessment, Aptima HPV Assay and in house HPV-RNA genotyping methods were applied. Results: The positivity rates of HPV infection according to DNA- and RNA-based methods were 18.0% and 11.2%, respectively (P<0.001). The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, specificity and sensitivity of DNA-based method in contrast with RNA-based method were 59.2% (56.6–61.6), 99.4% (99.0–99.6), 91.7% (90.8–92.6) and 95.2% (93.0–96.9) respectively. Conclusion: At the present study for prognosis of cervical cancer, RNA-based method seemed to be more specific in contrast to DNA-based method. Patient follow up and further studies will be conducted in order to clarify the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam-Sadat Mousavi
- Department of Gynecology-Oncology, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,National Association of Iranian Gynecologists and Obstetricians, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pouryasin
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Armin Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Fariba Yarandi
- National Association of Iranian Gynecologists and Obstetricians, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Gynecology-Oncology, Yas Women Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Pirzadeh
- Department of Gynecology-Oncology, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,National Association of Iranian Gynecologists and Obstetricians, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Alipour
- Thalassemia Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shakiba Khodadad
- National Association of Iranian Gynecologists and Obstetricians, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Gynecology-Oncology, Erfan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Negahdaripour M, Nezafat N, Heidari R, Erfani N, Hajighahramani N, Ghoshoon MB, Shoolian E, Rahbar MR, Najafipour S, Dehshahri A, Morowvat MH, Ghasemi Y. Production and Preliminary In Vivo Evaluations of a Novel in silico-designed L2-based Potential HPV Vaccine. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:316-324. [PMID: 31729940 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191114104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L2-based Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccines, containing epitopes from HPV minor capsid proteins, are under investigation as second-generation HPV vaccines. No such vaccine has passed clinical trials yet, mainly due to the low immunogenicity of peptide vaccines; so efforts are being continued. A candidate vaccine composed of two HPV16 L2 epitopes, flagellin and a Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4 agonist (RS09) as adjuvants, and two universal T-helper epitopes was designed in silico in our previous researches. METHODS The designed vaccine construct was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified through metal affinity chromatography. Following mice vaccination, blood samples underwent ELISA and flow cytometry analyses for the detection of IgG and seven Th1 and Th2 cytokines. RESULTS Following immunization, Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) type cytokines, as well as IgG, were induced significantly compared with the PBS group. Significant increases in IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-5 levels were observed in the vaccinated group versus Freund's adjuvant group. CONCLUSION The obtained cytokine induction profile implied both cellular and humoral responses, with a more Th-1 favored trend. However, an analysis of specific antibodies against L2 is required to confirm humoral responses. No significant elevation in inflammatory cytokines, (IL-6 and TNF-α), suggested a lack of unwanted inflammatory side effects despite using a combination of two TLR agonists. The designed construct might be capable of inducing adaptive and innate immunity; nevertheless, comprehensive immune tests were not conducted at this stage and will be a matter of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Cancer Immunology Group, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasim Hajighahramani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad B Ghoshoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Eskandar Shoolian
- Charité University of Medicine, Campus Research House of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Biotechnology incubator center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Rahbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sohrab Najafipour
- Microbiology Department, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Morowvat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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26
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Vashisht S, Mishra H, Mishra PK, Ekielski A, Talegaonkar S. Structure, Genome, Infection Cycle and Clinical Manifestations Associated with Human Papillomavirus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 20:1260-1280. [PMID: 31376818 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190802115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A small, non-enveloped, obligatory parasite, Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be the cause of a range of malignancies. These entail benign infections like genital warts as well as malignant, life-threatening conditions such as cervical cancer. Since a very high mortality rate is associated with HPV caused cancers (cervical cancer is a 2nd leading cause of death caused due to cancer among women globally), there is an escalating need to understand and search for ways to combat such medical conditions. Under the same light, the given article provides an insight into the world of this versatile pathogen. Distinct aspects related to HPV have been discussed here. Emphasis has been laid upon the composition, function and assembly of capsid proteins (structural studies) and various genetic elements and their gene products (genomic studies). The essence of the mechanism behind the development of persistent infection and modes responsible for the transmission of the infectious particles has been briefly covered. Finally, the review outlines various infections and diseases caused by HPV with a major focus on their clinical and histological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Vashisht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshita Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan K Mishra
- Department of Wood Processing, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Ekielski
- Department of Production Management and Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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27
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Bedell SL, Goldstein LS, Goldstein AR, Goldstein AT. Cervical Cancer Screening: Past, Present, and Future. Sex Med Rev 2020; 8:28-37. [PMID: 31791846 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the developing world. New technologies have been developed to allow for more rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive cervical cancer screening and treatment. AIM The aim of this study was to describe methods for detection and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical dysplasia (CD), and cervical cancer. New technologies and updated screening strategies will be emphasized. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify publications relevant to the subject. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Sensitivity and cost-effectiveness of new cervical cancer screening methods were the main outcome measures. RESULTS HPV and cervical cancer have a significant global impact. Research and innovations related to detection and treatment are key in reducing their burden worldwide. CONCLUSION Screening a woman for HPV and CD can dramatically decrease her risk of dying from cervical cancer. New, rapid, low-cost, HPV testing can allow for high-volume screening for the approximately 1.5 billion women who have never been screened. HPV screening can then be combined with high resolution digital colposcopy to detect CD. In the near future, these colposcopic images will be interpreted by artificial intelligence software. Detected lesions can then be treated easily and effectively with thermocoagulation. This see-and-treat model is a sensitive, efficient, and low-cost vision for the future. Bedell SL, Goldstein LS, Goldstein AR, et al. Cervical Cancer Screening: Past, Present, and Future. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:28-37.
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De Carolis S, Storci G, Ceccarelli C, Savini C, Gallucci L, Sansone P, Santini D, Seracchioli R, Taffurelli M, Fabbri F, Romani F, Compagnone G, Giuliani C, Garagnani P, Bonafè M, Cricca M. HPV DNA Associates With Breast Cancer Malignancy and It Is Transferred to Breast Cancer Stromal Cells by Extracellular Vesicles. Front Oncol 2019; 9:860. [PMID: 31608222 PMCID: PMC6756191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A causal link between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and breast cancer (BC) remains controversial. In spite of this, the observation that HPV DNA is over-represented in the Triple Negative (TN) BC has been reported. Here we remark the high prevalence of HPV DNA (44.4%) in aggressive BC subtypes (TN and HER2+) in a population of 273 Italian women and we convey the presence of HPV DNA in the epithelial and stromal compartments by in situ hybridization. As previously reported, we also found that serum derived-extracellular vesicles (EVs) from BC affected patients contain HPV DNA. Interestingly, in one TNBC patient, the same HPV DNA type was detected in the serum-derived EVs, cervical and BC tissue samples. Then, we report that HPV DNA can be transferred by EVs to recipient BC stromal cells that show an activated phenotype (e.g., CD44, IL6 expression) and an enhanced capability to sustain mammospheres (MS) formation. These data suggest that HPV DNA vehiculated by EVs is a potential trigger for BC niche aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina De Carolis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center of Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Storci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center of Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Savini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lara Gallucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, CIID, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pasquale Sansone
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donatella Santini
- Operative Unit of Pathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Seracchioli
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Taffurelli
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Romani
- Department of Medical Physics, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano Compagnone
- Department of Medical Physics, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartimental Centre L. Galvani (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartimental Centre L. Galvani (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center of Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Cricca
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Sarr EHM, Mayrand MH, Coutlée F, Niyibizi J, Laporte L, Monnier P, Carceller AM, Lacroix J, Audibert F, Bédard MJ, Girard I, Brassard P, Fraser WD, Trottier H. Exploration of the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in a cohort of pregnant women in Montreal, 2010-2016. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02150. [PMID: 31453391 PMCID: PMC6704337 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV vaccination efficacy has been shown in clinical trials but it is important to verify population level vaccine effectiveness (VE). We aimed to explore VE and herd effect using HPV infection data from a cohort study of Canadian pregnant women. We analyzed the baseline data of the HERITAGE study, which includes pregnant women recruited in Montreal between 2010-2012 and 2015–2016. Cervicovaginal samples self-collected in the first trimester were tested for 36 HPV types. Vaccination status was self-reported. VE and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by comparing the prevalence of HPV between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Herd effect was explored by comparing HPV prevalence in unvaccinated women between the 2 recruitment periods. Adjusted ORs (95%CI) were estimated using exact logistic regression. The proportion of vaccinated women with at least one dose of 4vHPV was 7.5%. Although most of them were vaccinated after the onset of sexual activity, a high VE was found for HPV-16/18 (86.1% (95%CI: 15.0–99.7)). For HPV-6/11/16/18 and for HPV-31/33/45, VE was 61.9% (-23.5–92.6) and 57.0% (-47.7–92.0%), respectively. We also observed a non-statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of HPV-6/11/16/18 and HPV-31/33/45 among unvaccinated women recruited during the second recruitment period (adjusted OR: 0.8 (0.4–1.8) and 0.8 (0.3–1.7), respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- El Hadji Malick Sarr
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Mayrand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joseph Niyibizi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louise Laporte
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patricia Monnier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre [RI-MUHC), McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Carceller
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric, Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - François Audibert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bédard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Girard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St-Mary's Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Paul Brassard
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - William D Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du CHUS
| | - Helen Trottier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada
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Yao Y, Xu H, Li M, Qi Z, Liao B. Recent Advances on Prediction of Human Papillomaviruses Risk Types. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:236-243. [PMID: 30657038 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190118110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with cervical cancer. As we all know, cervical cancer still remains the fourth most common cancer, affecting women worldwide. Thus, it is both challenging and essential to detect risk types of human papillomaviruses. METHODS In order to discriminate whether HPV type is highly risky or not, many epidemiological and experimental methods have been proposed recently. For HPV risk type prediction, there also have been a few computational studies which are all based on Machine Learning (ML) techniques, but adopt different feature extraction methods. Therefore, we conclude and discuss several classical approaches which have got a better result for the risk type prediction of HPV. RESULTS This review summarizes the common methods to detect human papillomavirus. The main methods are sequence- derived features, text-based classification, gap-kernel method, ensemble SVM, Word statistical model, position- specific statistical model and mismatch kernel method (SVM). Among these methods, position-specific statistical model get a relatively high accuracy rate (accuracy=97.18%). Word statistical model is also a novel approach, which extracted the information of HPV from the protein "sequence space" with word statistical model to predict high-risk types of HPVs (accuracy=95.59%). These methods could potentially be used to improve prediction of highrisk types of HPVs. CONCLUSION From the prediction accuracy, we get that the classification results are more accurate by establishing mathematical models. Thus, adopting mathematical methods to predict risk type of HPV will be the main goal of research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Yao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Academic Affairs Division,Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Manzhi Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zhaohui Qi
- College of Information Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
| | - Bo Liao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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31
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Schnaith AM, Evans EM, Vogt C, Tinsay AM, Schmidt TE, Tessier KM, Erickson BK. An innovative medical school curriculum to address human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine 2018; 36:3830-3835. [PMID: 29778518 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination rates against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the US remain alarmingly low. Physicians can significantly influence a parent's decision to vaccinate their children. However, medical education often lacks training on specific strategies for communicating with vaccine hesitant parents. METHODS We created an innovative curriculum designed to teach medical students how to address HPV vaccine hesitancy. The curriculum consisted of (1) a presentation on the epidemiology, biology, and disease morbidity associated with HPV, (2) a video that teaches specific communication strategies and (3) role-playing simulations. This curriculum was delivered to medical students at two separate sites. Medical students were surveyed before and after completing the educational curriculum. The surveys assessed student comfort talking to HPV vaccine hesitant parents and their likelihood to recommend the HPV vaccine. RESULTS Pre- and post-intervention surveys were completed by 101 of the 132 participants (77% response rate). After the intervention, student awareness of the benefits of the HPV vaccine increased by a mean of 0.82 points (Likert scale 1-5, p < 0.01) and student comfort talking to vaccine hesitant parents increased by a mean of 1.37 points (p < 0.01). Prior to the intervention, students more strongly recommended the HPV vaccine to females compared to males, but this gender disparity was eliminated after the intervention (p < 0.01). Personal vaccination status was independately associated with a higher likelihood of recommending the HPV vaccine both before and after the intervention. CONCLUSION Our innovative curriculum improved medical student comfort level discussing HPV vaccination with hesitant parents and increased the perceived likelihood of recommending HPV vaccination. The intervention is easy to implement, scalable, and requires minimal resources. Educating future providers on this important topic has the potential to improve vaccination rates nationwide and thus should be considered for all medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Schnaith
- University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Erica M Evans
- University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Caleb Vogt
- University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Andrea M Tinsay
- University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Thomas E Schmidt
- University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Katelyn M Tessier
- Masonic Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Britt K Erickson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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32
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Long W, Yang Z, Li X, Chen M, Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun X. HPV-16, HPV-58, and HPV-33 are the most carcinogenic HPV genotypes in Southwestern China and their viral loads are associated with severity of premalignant lesions in the cervix. Virol J 2018; 15:94. [PMID: 29801461 PMCID: PMC5970451 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV)-58 in southwestern China has been unexplored. Although there is some controversy, it is proposed that the viral load of HPV correlates with the severity of intraepithelial lesions. Methods We identified 7747 patients from south Sichuan and adjacent regions who were diagnosed with HPV between 2013 and 2017. The HR-HPV subtype distribution was analyzed and the patient’s viral loads were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. Results Among all 7747 patients screened for HPV genotypes, 1728 patients (22.31%) were identified as having HR-HPV subtypes. In patients without intraepithelial lesions (12.41%), HPV-52, HPV-16, and HPV-58 were the three most prevalent HR-HPV subtypes. Moreover, HPV-16, HPV-58, and HPV-33 were the most prevalent subtypes in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II (CINII) (42.86%) and grade III (CINIII) (59.81%), and accounted for the majority of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) (69.34%). Thus, viral loads of HPV-58, HPV-16, and HPV-33 positively correlated with the severity of cervical lesions (P < 0.001, P = 0.016, P = 0.026, respectively). Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimum thresholds for predicting severe intraepithelial lesions of cases (CINI, CINIII and ICC) with HPV-16, HPV-58, and HPV-33, respectively, were obtained, which were 1, 0.93, and 0.25, respectively. Conclusion In our study, we showed that HPV-16 was the most common carcinogenic HPV subtype in southwestern China followed by HPV-58 and HPV-33. Viral loads of these subtypes are associated with the severity of premalignant lesions in the cervix. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1003-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Long
- Pathology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street No.25, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixi Yang
- Pathology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street No.25, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiabin Li
- Pathology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street No.25, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Pathology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street No.25, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Pathology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street No.25, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanxue Zhang
- Pathology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street No.25, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingwang Sun
- Pathology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Taiping Street No.25, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China.
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Fowler B, Bodson J, Warner EL, Dyer J, Kepka D. Poor HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge among Utah Latinas overdue for recommended cancer screenings. J Community Health 2018; 41:825-37. [PMID: 26860277 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Individuals overdue for recommended cancer screenings may not be receiving adequate cancer prevention education. Since Latinas have the highest incidence of cervical cancer among all racial/ethnic groups, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination education is especially important for this population. The correlates of HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge were assessed among Latinas who were overdue for recommended cancer screenings. N = 206 Latinas who were overdue for recommended cancer screenings were recruited by health educators from local community groups. Bivariate analyses and multivariable regression models were used to investigate factors associated with HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge among participants as well as to assess correlates of HPV vaccine receipt for eligible children of participants. In multivariable regression analyses, years living in the U.S. (p = 0.05) and health insurance status (p = 0.03) were significantly related to HPV vaccine-related knowledge measures. Age (p < 0.01), birthplace (p = 0.02), years living in the U.S. (p = 0.05), annual household income (p = 0.05), cervical cancer screening status (p = 0.03), and HPV vaccine-related knowledge measures (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with HPV vaccination outcomes for eligible daughters of participants. Cervical cancer screening status (p = 0.02) and HPV vaccine-related knowledge measures (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with HPV vaccination outcomes for eligible sons of participants. Results indicate poor HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge among Latinas. Interventions to improve HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge in Utah's growing Latino population should target vulnerable individuals (e.g., not employed outside the home, less educated, less acculturated, poor, uninsured, overdue for cervical cancer screening) by using materials that are culturally sensitive, linguistically appropriate, and easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn Fowler
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Room 4125, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Julia Bodson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Room 4125, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Echo L Warner
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Room 4125, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jane Dyer
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Deanna Kepka
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Room 4125, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Biryukov J, Myers JC, McLaughlin-Drubin ME, Griffin HM, Milici J, Doorbar J, Meyers C. Mutations in HPV18 E1^E4 Impact Virus Capsid Assembly, Infectivity Competence, and Maturation. Viruses 2017; 9:v9120385. [PMID: 29257050 PMCID: PMC5744159 DOI: 10.3390/v9120385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The most highly expressed protein during the productive phase of the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle is E1^E4. Its full role during infection remains to be established. HPV E1^E4 is expressed during both the early and late stages of the virus life cycle and contributes to viral genome amplification. In an attempt to further outline the functions of E1^E4, and determine whether it plays a role in viral capsid assembly and viral infectivity, we examined wild-type E1^E4 as well as four E1^E4 truncation mutants. Our study revealed that HPV18 genomes containing the shortest truncated form of E1^E4, the 17/18 mutant, produced viral titers that were similar to wild-type virus and significantly higher compared to virions containing the three longer E1^E4 mutants. Additionally, the infectivity of virus containing the shortest E1^E4 mutation was equivalent to wild-type and significantly higher than the other three mutants. In contrast, infectivity was completely abrogated for virus containing the longer E1^E4 mutants, regardless of virion maturity. Taken together, our results indicate for the first time that HPV18 E1^E4 impacts capsid assembly and viral infectivity as well as virus maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Biryukov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (J.B.); (J.C.M.); (M.E.M.-D.); (J.M.)
| | - Jocelyn C. Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (J.B.); (J.C.M.); (M.E.M.-D.); (J.M.)
| | - Margaret E. McLaughlin-Drubin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (J.B.); (J.C.M.); (M.E.M.-D.); (J.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Heather M. Griffin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; (H.M.G.); (J.D.)
| | - Janice Milici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (J.B.); (J.C.M.); (M.E.M.-D.); (J.M.)
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; (H.M.G.); (J.D.)
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (J.B.); (J.C.M.); (M.E.M.-D.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-717-531-6240
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Ismail H, Rafiq S, Shakoor S, Karim MT, Raheel R. Assessing The Role Of Education In Adult Women's Knowledge And Awareness Of Human Papillomavirus And Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2017; 29:128-131. [PMID: 28712191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awareness and knowledge of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine among women are not satisfactory in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the role of education in adult women about knowledge and awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in women aged 19- 50 years attending the out-patient waiting area of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi from August 2014 to August 2015. Convenience sampling was applied. After their written consent, a selfadministered questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding role of education and awareness, knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine. A total of 600 women completed the questionnaire. RESULTS Mean age of the study participants was 39±10.7 years. About 68% (n=405) had an education level intermediate or less, while 33% (n=195) had a bachelors or higher degree. A total of 56.3% (n=338) women were aged less than 40 years. CONCLUSIONS Awareness among women varies with the level of education acquired. As shown by results, a lesser proportion of undergraduate women were aware about HPV and its related diseases as compared women at graduate level. Moreover, our study identifies significant gaps in knowledge about sexually transmitted infections, HPV, cervical cancer and its prevention. There is an urgent need to develop public awareness programs targeting the adolescent and young adult women of our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humera Ismail
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Rafiq
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Shakoor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rabia Raheel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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36
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Rivera-Peña B, Ruíz-Fullana FJ, Vélez-Reyes GL, Rodriguez-Benitez RJ, Marcos-Martínez MJ, Trinidad-Pinedo J, Báez A. HPV-16 infection modifies overall survival of Puerto Rican HNSCC patients. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27559359 PMCID: PMC4995614 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPV-16 modifies the overall survival (OS) of patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC). HPV-16 has been established as risk factor for OPSCC, but HPV-16 infection may also reside in the larynx and oral cavity. We evaluated HPV-16 status on OS of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. METHODS HPV-16 infection was confirmed by amplification of E6 and E7 viral oncogenes through PCR assay and E6 IHC in 185 HNSCC samples. Associations between HPV-16 status and clinicopathological parameters were performed using Fisher's exact test and x(2). Survival analysis was completed using Kaplan-Meier estimator and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS OS of HPV-16 positive patients was longer compared to HPV-16 negative patients (P = 0.002). HPV-16 positive tumors of the larynx (LSCC) and pharynx (PSCC) showed improved OS compared to HPV-16 negative tumors. Also, HPV-16 positive patients exposed to radiotherapy presented a better survival. CONCLUSIONS HPV-16 status has a positive prognostic value in HNSCC. Addition of HPV-16 status to the TNM staging can provide better assessment in prognosis and guide treatment for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rivera-Peña
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Francisco J Ruíz-Fullana
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936 Puerto Rico
| | - Germán L Vélez-Reyes
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rosa J Rodriguez-Benitez
- Department of General Social Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - María J Marcos-Martínez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.,Medical Services Administration, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan Trinidad-Pinedo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936 Puerto Rico
| | - Adriana Báez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936 Puerto Rico.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Giuliani M, Vescio MF, Donà MG, Latini A, Frasca M, Colafigli M, Farinella M, Rezza G, Cristaudo A. Perceptions of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and acceptability of HPV vaccine among men attending a sexual health clinic differ according to sexual orientation. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1542-50. [PMID: 26752151 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to gain a better understanding of the knowledge about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and attitudes toward the HPV vaccine among men at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI). A self-administered questionnaire was completed by attendees of the largest STI Center in Rome, Italy, from April to June 2013. Determinants of vaccine acceptability were investigated using a Structured Equation Model. A total of 423 males participated in the survey: 296 (70.0%) men who have sex with men (MSM) and 127 (30.0%) men who have sex with women (MSW). Only one half of the participants knew that HPV is the cause of genital warts (56.9% of MSM vs. 49.5% of MSW, p=0.28). Even less were aware that HPV causes cancer in men (37.2% vs. 27.3%, p=0.08). MSW were more likely to indicate HPV as a cause of cervical cancer (80.8% vs. 69.3%, p=0.03) and to have heard about the vaccine (58.3 vs. 43.6%, p=0.01). Moreover, 72.1% of MSM and 70.3% of MSW were willing to be vaccinated. A rise of one-unit in the HPV awareness score increased the OR of vaccine acceptability among MSM by 25% (OR 1.25, 95%CI: 1.05-1.49; p=0.013). Differently, only attitudes had a relevant effect on willingness to be vaccinated among MSW (OR 3.32, 95%CI: 1.53-7.17; p=0.002). Efforts should be made to maximize awareness of HPV, especially as a causative agent of genital warts and male cancers, and to reinforce positive attitudes toward vaccination among men visiting STI centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Giuliani
- a STI/HIV Unit, UOC Dermatologia Infettiva e Allergologica, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Fenicia Vescio
- b Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases Department , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- a STI/HIV Unit, UOC Dermatologia Infettiva e Allergologica, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- a STI/HIV Unit, UOC Dermatologia Infettiva e Allergologica, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
| | - Mirko Frasca
- a STI/HIV Unit, UOC Dermatologia Infettiva e Allergologica, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
| | - Manuela Colafigli
- a STI/HIV Unit, UOC Dermatologia Infettiva e Allergologica, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Rezza
- b Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases Department , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- a STI/HIV Unit, UOC Dermatologia Infettiva e Allergologica, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
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Mahoney MC, Saad-Harfouche FG, Widman CA, Twarozek AM, Erwin DO, Rodriguez EM. Clinician Misperceptions about the Importance of Adolescent HPV Vaccination. World J Vaccines 2016; 6. [PMID: 29795800 PMCID: PMC5962284 DOI: 10.4236/wjv.2016.61002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Adolescent HPV vaccination rates remain suboptimal. The purpose of the study was to investigate attitudes about HPV vaccine relative to other adolescent vaccines among clinical staff from primary care offices and school based clinics. Methods We interviewed clinicians in primary care offices and school-based clinics regarding their attitudes about HPV vaccine relative to Tdap and MCV4. Results Respondents (n = 36) included clinical staff in family medicine (47%), pediatrics (25%), obstetrics/gynecology (19%) and school-based health clinics (8%). Only 3% strongly agreed and 17% agreed that completion of HPV vaccine was more important than completion of pertussis vaccine (Tdap), while 6% strongly agreed and 33% agreed that completion of HPV vaccine was more important than completion of meningitis vaccine (MCV4). Discussion Providing clinicians with additional information about the cancer prevention benefits of the HPV vaccine and the greater risk for HPV infection/disease relative to other vaccine preventable adolescent diseases may help to increase HPV vaccination rates among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Mahoney
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Frances G Saad-Harfouche
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Office of Cancer Health Disparities Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christy A Widman
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Office of Cancer Health Disparities Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Deborah O Erwin
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Office of Cancer Health Disparities Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elisa M Rodriguez
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Office of Cancer Health Disparities Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Colón-López V, Ortiz AP, Del Toro-Mejías L, Clatts M, Durán-Guzmán G, Pérez N, DaCosta M, Palefsky J. Prevalence and Correlates of Penile HPV Infection in a Clinic-Based Sample of Hispanic Males. P R Health Sci J 2015; 34:128-134. [PMID: 26356736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this manuscript is to describe the prevalence, genotypic distribution of penile HPV infection and the behavioral risk factors associated with penile HPV infection (any HPV type, high-oncogenic-risk [HR] types, low-oncogenic-risk [LR] types, and of multiple HPV types) in a group of sexually active males who went to an STI clinic in San Juan, Puerto Rico. METHODS After providing informed consent, the participants, underwent a detailed behavioral interview and a clinical examination. Frequency distributions and descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study samples. Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for any type of HPV, HR types, LR types, or multiple types. Logistic regression analyses was performed to determine factors associated with each of the HPV types. RESULTS Two hundred and six participants were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the participants was 37.8±13.1 years. Close to 80% of the sample were infected with at least one HPV type; 73.5% were infected with one or more LR-HPV types; 32.4%, with one or more HR-HPV types; and 46.0%, with multiple HPV types. The most prevalent HR types were HPV-35, -31, and -16; the most prevalent LR types were HPV 6/11, and -84. After adjusting for age, having a high number of lifetime female sexual partners was highly associated with having multiple types of HPV infection (estimated OR=2.86; 95% CI=1.41, 5.80). CONCLUSION HPV infection is common among sexually active males frequenting this STI clinic. HPV types not covered by the current quadrivalent HPV vaccine were identified. Multiple HPV types in the penis are significantly related to the lifetime number of female sexual partners. The high prevalence of HPV at this particular STI clinic evidences that males need to be targeted in primary care settings if the available vaccine is to be effectively promoted. In addition, opportunities for secondary prevention of HPV in STI settings are recommended, because of the burden of anal and penile cancer documented in the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Colón-López
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR; Department of Health Services Administration, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
| | - Ana Patricia Ortiz
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
| | | | - Michael Clatts
- Center for Research on Global Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
| | | | - Naydi Pérez
- Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR
| | - Maria DaCosta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joel Palefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Khanal S, Ferraris ED, Zahin M, Joh J, Ghim SJ, Jenson AB. Targeting synthetic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) L2 disulfide-induced N-terminus conformational epitopes for pan-HPV vaccine development. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:330-4. [PMID: 26134615 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current vaccines against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are highly effective and based on recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) of the major capsid protein L1. Since these vaccines are HPV type-specific and expensive for global implementation, an alternative, broader-spectrum immunogen would be the N-terminus of the minor capsid protein L2 that induces low titered broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies. Here we analyzed the reactivity of different synthetic L2 peptides containing N-terminus amino acids 17-36 in order to test their antigenicity. METHODS Different synthetic peptides were designed to target the 17-36 amino acid sequences, present in highly antigenic amino-terminus of L2 protein. Six different peptides including Cys22-Cys28 disulfide bonded cyclized L2 peptide were examined for their antigenicity against mouse monoclonal antibody RG-1 and rabbit polyclonal antisera to HPV L2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Here we report that the cyclized form of synthetic L2 peptide, which is formed through Cys22-Cys28 disulfide bridges, has the highest reactivity to antibodies than other synthetic L2 peptides. CONCLUSION A cyclized L2 peptide has potential to be an excellent candidate to formulate a low-cost, broadly protective pan-oncogenic HPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Khanal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Eric Daniel Ferraris
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Emergency Medicine Associate, Vancouver, WA, USA.
| | - Maryam Zahin
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Joongho Joh
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Shin-je Ghim
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Alfred Bennett Jenson
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Wang LDL, Lam WWT, Wu J, Fielding R. Psychosocial determinants of Chinese parental HPV vaccination intention for adolescent girls: preventing cervical cancer. Psychooncology 2015; 24:1233-1240. [PMID: 26042656 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intention is an important precursor of decisions to undergo vaccination. Using an extensively modified theory of planned behaviour, we explored psychosocial determinants of vaccination intention against human papillomavirus (HPV) among Hong Kong Chinese parents. METHODS A random sample of 368 (response rate 54.6%) Chinese parents who had at least one daughter aged 12-17 years, had heard of HPV vaccine before but had not vaccinated daughters against HPV and had completed telephone interviews between February and April 2014. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis examined the additive effect of theoretical constructs. Stepwise multiple regression analysis determined which variables contributed the most to the prediction of vaccination intention. RESULTS Principal determinants of parental HPV vaccination intention were anticipated worry if not vaccinated (β = 0.23, p = 0.001), anticipated anxiety reduction after HPV vaccination (β = 0.19, p = 0.005), proneness to peer influence (β = 0.17, p = 0.002), private health insurance for children (β = 0.14, p = 0.009), perceiving daughter's susceptibility to cervical cancer (β = 0.17, p = 0.003), number of daughters (β = -0.13, p = 0.011), descriptive norms of HPV vaccination (β = 0.13, p = 0.021), perceiving cervical cancer as behaviour-preventable disease (β = -0.11, p = 0.031) and anticipated regret if not vaccinated (β = 0.14, p = 0.046). Cervical cancer-related worry/anxiety explained 32.8% of the variance in parental HPV vaccination intention. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that cervical cancer-related worry/anxiety is the most important predictor of parental HPV vaccination intention in Hong Kong Chinese and possibly other populations. Social influences also play an important role affecting parental vaccination intention, particularly peer influence and descriptive norm beliefs. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of future HPV vaccination promotion and cervical cancer prevention programme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Dong-Ling Wang
- Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy Wing Tak Lam
- Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Fielding
- Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Salehpour M, Tayyebi Meibodi N, Teimourpour R, Ghorani-Azam A, Sepahi S, Rostami S, Meshkat Z. Frequency of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18 And 31 in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Invasive Breast Carcinoma, North- East of Iran. Iran J Pathol 2015; 10:192-198. [PMID: 26351484 PMCID: PMC4539770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND &OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy. Detection of DNA of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in breast carcinomas suggests that the virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HPVs genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31 in paraffin-embedded tissue samples of invasive breast carcinomas. METHODS Three hundred and twenty six paraffin-embedded tissue samples of breast cancer were studied. PCR was performed using specific primers for HPV genotypes. RESULTS Of total 206 (63.2%) samples positive for Beta-globin gene, 54 (26.2%) were HPV-positive and 152 (73.8%) were negative for HPV. Distribution of HPV genotypes were as follows: 19 (25.7%) were positive for genotype 11, 5 (6.8%) were positive for genotype 6; and 2 cases (2.7%) were positive for both genotypes 6 and 11. Samples were also screened for HPV genotypes 16, 18 and 31 but none was positive. CONCLUSION The current study confirmed the association of HPV and breast cancer. However, all samples were negative for high-risk HPV types 16, 18 and 31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Salehpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Tayyebi Meibodi
- Skin Diseases and Cutaneous Leishmanaisis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Teimourpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sepahi
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Rostami
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Eslamifar A, Ramezani A, Azadmanesh K, Bidari-Zerehpoosh F, Banifazl M, Aghakhani A. Assessment of the Association between Human Papillomavirus Infection and Breast Carcinoma. Iran J Pathol 2015; 10:41-46. [PMID: 26516324 PMCID: PMC4539779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women throughout the world. There are controversial reports on the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in breast carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of HPV-DNA in invasive breast carcinoma to determine the association between HPV infection and breast carcinoma. METHODS The study included formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 100 cases with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast and 50 control tissues of mammoplasty specimens. HPV-DNA was purified and amplified through GP5+/GP6+ and MY09/MY11 primers. RESULTS All tested carcinomas as well as normal tissues were negative for all types of HPV in PCR assay. CONCLUSION Our results do not support the association between HPV infection and breast carcinoma. Further studies involving larger number of cases are required to elucidate the role of HPV infection in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eslamifar
- Dept. of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amitis Ramezani
- Dept. of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Banifazl
- Iranian Society for Support of Patients with Infectious Diseases, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Aghakhani
- Dept. of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Blioumi E, Chatzidimitriou D, Pazartzi C, Katopodi T, Tzimagiorgis G, Emmanouil-Nikoloussi EN, Markopoulos A, Kalekou C, Lazaridis N, Diza E, Antoniades D. Detection and typing of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in malignant, dysplastic, nondysplastic and normal oral epithelium by nested polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and transitional electron microscopy in patients of northern Greece. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:840-7. [PMID: 25043883 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of HPV in oral carcinogenesis, we examined the prevalence of HPV in malignant, potentially malignant and normal oral epithelium and studied the relation of HPV prevalence with other factors obtained from the patient's records. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our material consisted of 291 tissue specimens from 258 individuals. From every individual formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues were examined by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (NPCR) for the detection of HPV DNA and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the in situ detection of HPV L1 protein. Positive PCR products were sequenced in order to type HPVs. Also 33 fresh tissues were obtained, fixed and used to detect HPV particles by transitional electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS HPV was detected in 32.9% of the tissue specimens by NPCR, in 4.7% by immunohistochemistry and in 28.1% by TEM. In detail, by nested PCR HPV L1 DNA was detected in 40% of normal tissues, 40% of fibromas, 35.8% of non-dysplastic leukoplakias, 31.6% of dysplastic leukoplakias and 22.2% of oral squamous cell carcinomas. The HPV viral load of 96.5% of the samples was very low (1 viral copy per 10(2)-10(4) cells). HPV16 prevails in all histological groups in 89-100%. CONCLUSION We conclude that HPV does not seem, from the specific sample examined, to play a substantial role in oral carcinogenesis. However, it cannot be excluded that HPV could be involved in oral carcinogenesis only in cases with high viral load or at early stages of carcinogenesis possibly through the hit-and-run mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blioumi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - D Chatzidimitriou
- B' Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ch Pazartzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Th Katopodi
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Tzimagiorgis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E-N Emmanouil-Nikoloussi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Markopoulos
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Kalekou
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Lazaridis
- Department of Orofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Diza
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Antoniades
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chagas BS, Gurgel AP, da Cruz HL, Amaral CM, Cardoso MV, Silva Neto Jda C, da Silva LA, de Albuquerque EM, Muniz MT, de Freitas AC. An interleukin-10 gene polymorphism associated with the development of cervical lesions in women infected with Human Papillomavirus and using oral contraceptives. Infect Genet Evol 2013; 19:32-7. [PMID: 23800422 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays a crucial role in the development of cervical lesions and tumors, however most lesions containing high-risk HPVs do not progress to cervical tumors. Some studies suggest that the use of oral contraceptives may increase the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, but this has not been confirmed by all the studies. Cytokines are important molecules that act in the defense of an organism against viral infections. Several genetic studies have attempted to correlate cytokine polymorphisms with human diseases, including cancer. The significance of IL10 polymorphisms for cancer is that they have both immunosuppressive and antiangiogenic properties. We aimed to investigate the role of promoter polymorphisms in the IL10 gene in women with cervical lesions associated with HPV infection, in the presence of the use of oral contraceptives. Using High Resolution Melt analysis (HRM), we analyzed an SNP -1082A/G and -819C/T in interleukin-10 promoter region in 364 Brazilian women: 171 with cervical lesions and HPV infection, and 193 with normal cytological results and HPV-negative. We observed no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies in the two loci between patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, in the haplotype analysis of IL10, we found that CA haplotype was significantly more frequent in patients infected with HPV than in the control group (p = 0.0188). We did not find any genotype and allelic association of the IL10 gene polymorphisms between cases and controls. However, in this study, when the HPV-positive patients were stratified according to their use of contraceptives, we found a significant association between the -1082G allele (p = 0.0162) and -1082GG genotype (p = 0.0332) among HPV-infected patients who used oral contraceptives. Our findings suggest that -1082A/G gene polymorphism represents a greater susceptibility to progressive cervical lesions in HPV- infected women who use oral contraceptives.
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Lee SL, Tameru AM. A Mathematical Model of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the United States and its Impact on Cervical Cancer. J Cancer 2012; 3:262-8. [PMID: 22773930 PMCID: PMC3376777 DOI: 10.7150/jca.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mathematical models can be useful tools in exploring disease trends and health consequences of interventions in a population over time. Most cancers, in particular cervical cancer, have long incubation periods. The time from acquisition of HPV infection to development of invasive cancer can be up to two decades or more. Mathematical models can be used to translate short-term findings from prevention and mitigations trials into predictions of long-term health outcomes. The main objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model of HPV for African American women (AAW) in the United States and give quantitative insight into current U.S. prevention and mitigations against cervical cancer. METHODS A compartmental mathematical model of the cycle of HPV that includes the choices individuals make once they become infected; treatment versus no treatment, was developed. Using this mathematical model we evaluated the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) on a given population and determined what could decrease the rate at which AAW become infected. All state equations in the model were approximated using the Runge-Kutta 4(th) order numerical approximation method using MatLab software. RESULTS In this paper we found that the basic reproductive number R(OU) is directly proportional to the rate of infectivity of HPV and the contact rate in which a human infects another human with HPV. The R(OU) was indirectly proportional to the recovery rate plus the mortality by natural causes and the disease. The second R(OT) is also directly proportional to the rate of infectivity of HPV and contact rate in which humans infect another human with HPV and indirectly proportional to the recovery rate plus the mortality from HPV related cause and natural causes. Based on the data of AAW for the parameters; we found that R(OU) and R(OT)were 0.519798 and 0.070249 respectively. As both of these basic reproductive numbers are less than one, infection cannot therefore get started in a fully susceptible population, however, if mitigation is to be implemented effectively it should focus on the HPV untreated population as R(OT)is greater than 0.5. CONCLUSION Mathematical models, from individual and population perspectives, will help decision makers to evaluate different prevention and mitigation measures of HPV and deploy synergistically to improve cancer outcomes. Integrating the best-available epidemiologic data, computer-based mathematical models used in a decision-analytic framework can identify those factors most likely to influence outcomes and can help in formulating decisions that need to be made amidst considerable lack of data and uncertainty. Specifically, the model provides a tool that can accommodate new information, and can be modified as needed, to iteratively assess the expected benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of different policies in the United States. This model can help show the direct relationship between HPV and cervical cancer. If any of the rates change it will greatly impact the graphs. These graphs can be used to discover new methods of treatment that will decrease the rate of infectivity of HPV and Cervical cancer with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shernita L Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Alabama State University, 915 S. Jackson St., Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
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