1
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Highly efficient and bifunctional Cd(II)-Organic Framework platform towards Pb(II), Cr(VI) detection and Cr(VI) photoreduction. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Anbu Durai W, Ramu A, Dhakshinamoorthy A. A Visual and Ratiometric Chemosensor Using Thiophene Functionalized Hydrazone for the Selective Sensing of Pb 2+ and F - Ions. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:465-474. [PMID: 33417109 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a simple, efficient ratiometric chemosensor was reported for the selective sensing of Pb2+ and F- ions using thiophene functionalized hydrazone as a chemical probe. Hydrazone moiety was developed by utilizing thiophene/naphthalene as a platform for the particular recognition of cation and anion. The structures of the precursor (Z)-(1-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine (ABTH) and the final probe 1-((Z)-(((Z)-1-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazono)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (NAPABTH) were confirmed by 1H, 13C-NMR and LC-MS spectroscopic methods. The interaction of NAPABTH with Pb2+ and F- ions was visually observed by the formation of pink and dark yellow solutions, respectively. The detection limits were found to be very low for Pb2+ as 1.06 ppm and for F- ions as 3.72 nM. This visual detection of Pb2+/F- ions with satisfactory outcomes obtained from UV-Vis titrations. The sensing mechanistic pathways and stoichiometric ratios were obtained from DFT and Job's plot, respectively. The observed results are highly promising as highly selective chemosensor with lower detection limits for Pb2+ and F- ions. This strategy could exhibit tremendous applications for the selective sensing of heavy metal cations with rapid sensitivity for the design of new devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willsingh Anbu Durai
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India
| | - Andy Ramu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India.
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3
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Julinta RB, Abraham TJ, Roy A, Singha J, Bardhan A, Sar TK, Patil PK, Kumar KA. Safety of emamectin benzoate administered in feed to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103348. [PMID: 32032933 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EB) premix top-coated onto feed is extensively used to treat ectoparasitic crustacean infestations in aquaculture. This study evaluated the safety of EB-dosing in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at the recommended dose and dosage of 50 μg/kg biomass/day for 7 consecutive days (1X) and compared with control and 10 times the recommended dose (10X). Depletion of EB-residues in the edible muscle of 1X-dosed Nile tilapia was also studied. Mortality, behavioural changes, feed consumption, biomass, EB-residue depletion, and histopathological alterations in the kidney, liver and intestine were determined at slated intervals. Significant dose-dependent reduction in feed intake and biomass and insignificant mortalities were noted in 1X and 10X EB-dosed fish. In 1X EB-dosed fish muscle, the residues peaked on day 7 EB-dosing (9.72 ng/g) and decreased subsequently. Nevertheless, the residue levels were within the acceptable limit of the European Commission and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency even during the EB-dosing period. Histologically, tubule degeneration in the kidney, mild glycogen vacuolation in the liver, and loss of absorptive vacuoles, inflammation and disintegration of the epithelial layer in the intestine of Nile tilapia fed the 1X EB-diet were observed. The fish reverted back to their normal functions with time upon termination of oral-EB-dosing. This work contributed scientific data on the safety of EB particularly on the feed intake, growth reduction, mortality, histopathological alterations, and EB-residue levels in the edible tissues of Nile tilapia fed at the recommended dose and dosage, which suggested that EB-therapy might be reasonably risky in a tropical climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Beryl Julinta
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Jasmine Singha
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Bardhan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Sar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, 700 037, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Patil
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai, 600 028, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Ashok Kumar
- Fish Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willington Island, Cochin, 682 029, Kerala, India
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Zhao Q, Gong GF, Yang HL, Zhang QP, Yao H, Zhang YM, Lin Q, Qu WJ, Wei TB. Pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular AIE hydrogel with white light emission for ultrasensitive detection and effective separation of multianalytes. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular AIE hydrogel (PDG) with white light emission was constructed. The PDG could be used for ultrasensitive detection and effective separation of multianalytes, and as fluorescent display materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Guan-Fei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Hai-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Qin-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Wen-Juan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
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5
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Wang H, Yang L, Chu S, Liu B, Zhang Q, Zou L, Yu S, Jiang C. Semiquantitative Visual Detection of Lead Ions with a Smartphone via a Colorimetric Paper-Based Analytical Device. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9292-9299. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suyun Chu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanmei Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoming Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changlong Jiang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Karimfar MH, Bargahi A, Moshtaghi D, Farzadinia P. Long-Term Exposure of Lead Acetate on Rabbit Renal Tissue. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e22157. [PMID: 27195142 PMCID: PMC4867333 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Lead has been widely used in different industries for ages. It is one of the heavy metals, highly poisonous even at low doses, and has biochemical, physiological and behavioral side effects on human and animals. It has been shown that lead has toxic effects on different tissues such as neural and genitourinary tissues, cardiovascular systems and blood. Therefore, high attention has been paid to its environmental pollutions. Objectives: Although many histological and biochemical studies have reported about the effects of lead on the renal tissue, there are a few studies about the ultrastructure and morphometric effects of lead on the kidney. Hence, the aim of this study was the evaluation of morphology and morphometrics of rabbit renal urinary barrier ultrastructure following long-term exposure to lead acetate. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into control and test groups (10 in each). The test group was injected intraperitoneally with chronic dose (8.5 mg/kg of body weight) of lead acetate and for the control group the same volume of normal saline was used, every other day for 10 weeks. After anesthetizing, the biopsies of renal tissues were taken for light and electron microscopic morphometric and morphologic analyses. Results: Long-term exposure to lead acetate caused histopathology effects including dilatation, congestion, nuclei heterochromatic effects, increase in diameter of renal tubules and urinary barrier thickness in rabbit renal tissue. Conclusions: Quantitative and qualitative results of long-term lead acetate exposure showed many histopathology side-effects, especially in the urinary barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Karimfar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
| | - Darab Moshtaghi
- Departments of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
| | - Parviz Farzadinia
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Parviz Farzadinia, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 3631, Bushehr, IR Iran. Tel /Fax: +98-7733450692, E-mail:
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7
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Abdel-Moneim AM, El-Toweissy MY, Ali AM, Awad Allah AAM, Darwish HS, Sadek IA. Curcumin Ameliorates Lead (Pb(2+))-Induced Hemato-Biochemical Alterations and Renal Oxidative Damage in a Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:206-20. [PMID: 25947936 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the protective role of curcumin (Curc) against hematological and biochemical changes, as well as renal pathologies induced by lead acetate [Pb (CH3COO)2·3H2O] treatment. Male albino rats were intraperitoneally treated with Pb(2+) (25 mg of lead acetate/kg b.w., once a day) alone or in combination with Curc (30 mg of Curc/kg b.w., twice a day) for 7 days. Exposure of rats to Pb(2+) caused significant decreases in hemoglobin (Hb) content, hematocrit (Ht) value, and platelet (Plt) count, while Pb(2+)-related leukocytosis was accompanied by absolute neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia. A significant rise in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and a marked drop of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evident in the kidney, liver, and serum of Pb(2+) group compared to that of control. Furthermore, significantly high levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and a sharp drop in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level were also seen in blood after injection of Pb(2+). Additionally, hepatorenal function tests were enhanced. Meanwhile, Pb(2+) produced marked histo-cytological alterations in the renal cortex. Co-administration of Curc to the Pb(2+)-treated animals restored most of the parameters mentioned above to near-normal levels/features. In conclusion, Curc appeared to be a promising agent for protection against Pb(2+)-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, PO box 380, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mona Y El-Toweissy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Preparatory Year Program, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatef M Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abd Allah M Awad Allah
- Biology and Geology Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Darwish
- Biology and Geology Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ismail A Sadek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Perez Aguilar RC, Honoré SM, Genta SB, Sánchez SS. Hepatic fibrogenesis and transforming growth factor/Smad signaling activation in rats chronically exposed to low doses of lead. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 34:1320-31. [PMID: 25493318 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead is an important heavy metal pollutant in the environment. The nervous system, kidney and liver are the most susceptible organs to lead deposition, showing that this pollutant has no single target system. To examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in their pathobiology of chronic lead at low-dose exposure in the liver, male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.06% lead acetate in drinking water every day for 4 months. At the end of the study, hepatic metal accumulation, morphology and function were examined. Immunochemical staining and Western blot analysis were performed to detect extracellular matrix proteins, α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor (TGF)β1/Smad pathway expression. Results showed increased laminin, collagen IV and fibronectin, located at the perisinusoidal space. Phenotypic transformation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblast-like cells was evidenced at the ultrastructural level and a significant expression of α-smooth muscle actin in Disse’s space was observed. These findings were associated with a marked increase in TGFβ1/Smad2/3 signaling. Our data suggest that, chronically, exposure to low levels of lead could trigger the onset of a hepatic fibrogenic process through upregulated TGFβ1/Smad signaling.
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9
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Azadbakht R, Veisi H, Mohamadvand H, Khanabadi J. A new fluorescent chemosensor for Pb²⁺ ions based on naphthalene derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 145:575-579. [PMID: 25812943 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new naphthalene derivative receptor (L) was synthesized and characterized with common spectroscopic methods. L exhibited a strong fluorescence enhancement in the presence of trace amounts of Pb(2+), attributable to photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect, which also displayed high selectivity over a series of other metal cations (Na(+), K(+), Cs(+), Mg(2+), Ba(2+), Cr(3+), Mn(2+), Fe(3+), Fe(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Ag(+)) in acetonitrile/H2O (9:1, v/v) mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Azadbakht
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Iran.
| | - Hojat Veisi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Iran
| | | | - Javad Khanabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Iran
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10
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A glassy carbon electrode modified with antimony and poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) for sensing lead(II) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fenoglio C, Albicini F, Milanesi G, Barni S. Response of renal parenchyma and interstitium of Rana snk. esculenta to environmental pollution. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1381-1390. [PMID: 21497903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mesonephroi of two groups of Rana esculenta collected from two rice fields near Pavia, one relatively unpolluted and one polluted, were morphologically and histochemically investigated. Light and electron microscopy analyses were performed and certain enzyme activities studied (succinic dehydrogenase, SDH, alkaline phosphatase, AlkPase, acid phosphatase, AcPase, catalase, CAT, and NOS-related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase, NOS/NADPHd). The expression of the inducible NOS (iNOS) was evaluated through immunohistochemistry. In the renal parenchyma of the polluted group some structural modifications, mainly in the glomeruli and the proximal tubule epithelium, were observed. Peritubular inflammatory foci in most polluted samples were often found to be in combination with parasitic cysts. However, no necrotic processes were found in the renal parenchyma. Compared to controls, the histochemical studies on contaminated frogs evidenced an increase of the AcPase, NOS and CAT activities, and of the iNOS immunoexpression as well. All the results showed a good correspondence between the biomarkers responses and the environmental stress conditions. Overall, we can state that studying the sub-lethal effects of contamination in amphibians naturally exposed to toxicants has shown to be significant for the assessment of site-specific risk and potential hazards behind the phenomenon of progressive amphibian decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fenoglio
- Lab. Anatomia Comparata, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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12
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Aguilar RP, Genta S, Oliveros L, Anzulovich A, Giménez MS, Sánchez SS. Vitamin A deficiency injures liver parenchyma and alters the expression of hepatic extracellular matrix. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:214-22. [PMID: 18989869 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential lipid-soluble nutrient that is crucial for morphogenesis and adult tissue maintenance. The retinoid homeostasis in the liver depends on a regular supply of vitamin A from an adequate dietary intake to preserve the normal organ structure and functions. This study focuses on the effect of vitamin A deficiency on the morphology and extracellular proteins expression of the liver in adult Wistar rats. Animals were fed with a normal (control group) or deficient vitamin A diet for 3 months. At the end of the experimental period, histological examination of the livers under light and electron microscopy revealed that vitamin A deficiency produced a loss of hepatocyte cord disposition with an irregular parenchymal organization. Abundant fat droplets were present in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. Elongated myofibroblastic-like cells with an irregular cytoplasmic process and without lipid droplets could be seen at the perisinusoidal space, where an elevated intensity of alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was observed. These results suggest that an activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) occurred. Moreover, immunochemical methods revealed that vitamin A deficiency led to an increased expression of hepatic fibronectin, laminin and collagen type IV. We propose that vitamin A deprivation caused liver injury and that HSCs underwent a process of activation in which they produced alpha-SMA and synthesized extracellular components. These changes may be a factor predisposing to liver fibrosis. In consequence, vitamin A deprivation could affect human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Pérez Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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13
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Abstract
The biological effects of lead are well defined; however, neither the risk exposure level nor the subcellular mechanism of its action is completely clear. The present work was undertaken to investigate the effects of low level and long term lead exposure on the composition and expression of rat renal gangliosides. In order to identify ganglioside expression, frozen sections of kidneys were stained with monoclonal antibodies GMB16 (GM1 specific), GM28 (GM2 specific), AMR-10 (GM4 specific) and CDW 60 (9-O-Ac-GD3 specific). Strong reactivity was observed for GMB28, AMR-10 and CDW 60, while GMB16 developed only weak labelling in treated kidney compared with the control. The alterations in the expression of renal gangliosides observed by immunohistochemistry were accompanied by quantitative and qualitative changes in the thin layer chromatography of total gangliosides isolated from kidney tissues. Lead treatment produced a significant increase in 9-O-Ac GD3, a ganglioside involved in apoptotic processes. In agreement with this result, a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic glomerular cells was observed with the TUNEL assay. These findings lead us to suggest that alterations in renal gangliosides produced by low level lead exposure are associated with the apoptotic processes that take place in the kidney. These findings provide evidence that low level and long term lead exposure produces renal ganglioside alterations with urinary microalbumin excretion. The results suggest that lead levels within the limits of biological tolerance already cause molecular renal damage without clinical signs of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Pérez Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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14
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Zhang LF, Peng SQ, Wang S, Li BL, Han G, Dong YS. Direct effects of lead (Pb2+) on the relaxation of in vitro cultured rat aorta to acetylcholine. Toxicol Lett 2007; 170:104-10. [PMID: 17403586 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 02/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb(2+)) exposure is related to increased blood pressure or hypertension of human or animals. Abnormal vascular relaxant responses of low level Pb(2+) exposed animals were reported by several studies. However, it is difficult to tell whether these effects were induced directly by Pb(2+) or not. In this study we hypothesized that Pb(2+) can directly affect the relaxation of vessels. Male Wistar rat aortae were removed and cultured in PMRI 1640 with 1 ppm Pb(2+) (4.8 microM lead acetate) for 0.5, 6, 12 and 24h, and then their responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were examined. After incubated for 24h, the relaxation induced by ACh was significantly decreased in Pb(2+) exposed aortic rings. However, there was not significant difference in relaxation induced by SNP between Pb(2+) exposed and control group. The nitrite in the culture media of aortic rings cultured for 24h, measured with Griess method, was significantly decreased in the Pb(2+) exposed group. The expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and isoform NOS (iNOS) in the homogenate of aortic rings cultured for 24h was measured by Western blot. The expression of eNOS of the Pb(2+) exposed group was significantly upregulated compared with that of the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of iNOS in control and Pb(2+) exposed group. In conclusion, Pb(2+) was able to directly affect the relaxation of rat aorta. This effect may have some relation with the lower level of NO in the media, though the expression of eNOS was upregulated.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Drug Combinations
- Male
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Nitrites/metabolism
- Nitroprusside/pharmacology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Feng Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Engin AB, Tuzun D, Sahin G. Evaluation of pteridine metabolism in battery workers chronically exposed to lead. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006; 25:353-9. [PMID: 16898163 DOI: 10.1191/0960327106ht634oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Occupationally-exposed lead affects the neuromuscular junction and might cause disturbances in the locomotor activity. This study was undertaken to evaluate pteridine metabolism, in which neurotransmitters are synthesized in battery workers. Urinary neopterin, biopterin and creatinine were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Serum neopterin concentrations were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Blood dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) activities and deltaaminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) were measured spectrophotometrically. Blood and urinary lead were detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Significantly increased blood and urinary lead levels, urinary neopterin, biopterin and delta-ALA were found in workers, while DHPR activities were indifferent compared to control group. Urinary creatinine decreased. This is the first study to demonstrate that increased activity of the pteridine pathway results in the accumulation of the neurotransmitters that may be responsible for the neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Engin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Hacettepe, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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