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Theranostic Properties of Crystalline Aluminum Phthalocyanine Nanoparticles as a Photosensitizer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102122. [PMID: 36297557 PMCID: PMC9611939 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of phthalocyanines, known photosensitizers, for biomedical applications has been of high research interest for several decades. Of specific interest, nanophotosensitizers are crystalline aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles (AlPc NPs). In crystalline form, they are water-insoluble and atoxic, but upon contact with tumors, immune cells, or pathogenic microflora, they change their spectroscopic properties (acquire the ability to fluoresce and become phototoxic), which makes them upcoming agents for selective phototheranostics. Aqueous colloids of crystalline AlPc NPs with a hydrodynamic size of 104 ± 54 nm were obtained using ultrasonic dispersal and centrifugation. Intracellular accumulation and localization of AlPc were studied on HeLa and THP-1 cell cultures and macrophages (M0, M1, M2) by fluorescence microscopy. Crystallinity was assessed by XRD spectroscopy. Time-resolved spectroscopy was used to obtain characteristic fluorescence kinetics of AlPc NPs upon interaction with cell cultures. The photodynamic efficiency and fluorescence quantum yield of AlPc NPs in HeLa and THP-1 cells were evaluated. After entering the cells, AlPc NPs localized in lysosomes and fluorescence corresponding to individual AlPc molecules were observed, as well as destruction of lysosomes and a rapid decrease in fluorescence intensity during photodynamic action. The photodynamic efficiency of AlPc NPs in THP-1 cells was almost 1.8-fold that of the molecular form of AlPc (Photosens). A new mechanism for the occurrence of fluorescence and phototoxicity of AlPc NPs in interaction with cells is proposed.
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Aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles activation for local fluorescence spectroscopy in dentistry. BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS 2018. [DOI: 10.24931/2413-9432-2018-7-3-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of caries and tooth enamel microcracks is of great importance for preventing the destruction of healthy tooth enamel. Inorder to detect microcracks in the enamel and pathogenic microflora foci that can cause caries, nanoform of aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) can be used as a marker. In a colloidal solution, the nanoparticles do not fluoresce, unlike their molecular form. To convert the particle into its molecular form, it is necessary to have a solvent or specific environment (bacteria, macrophages, etc.). That is why the hydrophobic nanoparticles of aluminum phthalocyanine (nAlPc) can act as markers for detecting hidden pathogenic microflora during fluorescent diagnostics. Further reduction of the diagnosis time and increase the efficiency can be achieved by using biologically compatible surfactants as additional activators of nAlPc.In order to carry out local fluorescence spectroscopy of enamel microcracks and pathogenic microflora foci on the enamel surface, a model compound containing surfactants, auxiliary components and nAlPc colloid at a concentration of 10 mg/l was prepared.Studies on the interaction of the model compound with nAlPc and Protelan MST-35 with tooth enamel ex vivo have shown this surfactant to be a promising auxiliary activator of the nanoparticles, allowing conducting local fluorescence spectroscopy of the tooth enamel surface 3 min after application. In addition, statistical processing of the results showed the effectiveness of using the model compound for local fluorescence spectroscopy of the enamel surface in order to detect the enamel microcracks and the pathogenic microflora accumulation foci that can lead to the development of a cariogenic process.
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Photodynamic activity of Temoporfin nanoparticles induces a shift to the M1-like phenotype in M2-polarized macrophages. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 185:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Scalfi-Happ C, Zhu Z, Graefe S, Wiehe A, Ryabova A, Loschenov V, Wittig R, Steiner RW. Chlorin Nanoparticles for Tissue Diagnostics and Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:106-114. [PMID: 29567384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) are not fluorescent due to the crystalline structure of the flat molecules organized in layers. In earlier experiments with Aluminum Phthalocyanine (AlPc)-derived NPs, the preferential uptake and dissolution by macrophages was demonstrated [3]. Therefore, inflamed tissue or cancer tissue with accumulated macrophages may exhibit specific fluorescence in contrast to healthy tissue which does not fluoresce. The present study addresses the photobiological effects of NP generated from Temoporfin (mTHPC), a clinically utilized photosensitizer belonging to the chlorin family. METHODS In-vitro investigations addressing uptake, dissolution and phototoxicity of mTHPC NP vs. the liposomal mTHPC formulation Foslip were performed using J774A.1 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts. For total NP uptake analysis, the cells were lysed, the nanoparticles dissolved and the fluorescence quantified. The intracellular molecular dissolution was measured by flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopy served for controlling intracellular localization of the dissolved fluorescing molecules. Reaction mechanisms after PDT (mitochondrial activity, apoptosis) were analyzed using fluorescent markers in cell-based assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS Organic crystalline NP of different size were produced from mTHPC raw material. NP were internalized more efficiently in J774A.1 macrophages when compared to L929 fibroblasts, whereas uptake and fluorescence of Foslip was similar between the cell lines. NP dissolution correlated with internalization levels for larger particles in the range of 200-500 nm. Smaller particles (45 nm in diameter) were taken up at high levels in macrophages, but were not dissolved efficiently, resulting in comparatively low intracellular fluorescence. Whereas Foslip was predominantly localized in membranes, NP-mediated fluorescence also co-localized with acidic vesicles, suggesting endocytosis/phagocytosis as a major uptake mechanism. In macrophages, phototoxicity of NPs was stronger than in fibroblasts, even exceeding Foslip when administered in identical amounts. In both cell lines, phototoxicity correlated with mitochondrial depolarization and enhanced activation of caspase 3. CONCLUSIONS Due to their preferential uptake/dissolution in macrophages, mTHPC NP may have potential for the diagnosis and photodynamic treatment of macrophage-associated disorders such as inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scalfi-Happ
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Zhenxin Zhu
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanna Graefe
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anastasia Ryabova
- Natural Science Center of A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, Vavilovstr. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Biospec JSC, Krimskiy val. 8, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Loschenov
- Natural Science Center of A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, Vavilovstr. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Biospec JSC, Krimskiy val. 8, 119049 Moscow, Russia; National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rudolf W Steiner
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany; National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
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Kavelin V, Fesenko O, Dubyna H, Vidal C, Klar TA, Hrelescu C, Dolgov L. Raman and Luminescent Spectra of Sulfonated Zn Phthalocyanine Enhanced by Gold Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:197. [PMID: 28314363 PMCID: PMC5355401 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonated Zn phthalocyanine, as a prospective photosensitizer in the photodynamic therapy of tumors, is investigated by means of Raman, infrared, and fluorescence spectroscopies. Conventional and surface-enhanced spectra from this photosensitizer are obtained and compared. Gold nano-islands attached to silica cores (Au-SiO2) are proposed as nanostructures providing plasmonically enhanced signals. Pronounced enhancement of Raman and infrared spectral bands from sulfonated Zn phthalocyanine allows their more convenient assignment with vibrational modes of sulfonated Zn phthalocyanine. In comparison to Raman and IR, the fluorescence is less enhanced by Au-SiO2 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kavelin
- Institute of Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 46, Nauky Ave, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
| | - O. Fesenko
- Institute of Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 46, Nauky Ave, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
| | - H. Dubyna
- Institute of Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 46, Nauky Ave, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
| | - C. Vidal
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4040 Austria
| | - T. A. Klar
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4040 Austria
| | - C. Hrelescu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4040 Austria
| | - L. Dolgov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 1, Ostwaldi, Tartu, 50411 Estonia
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Asem H, El-Fattah AA, Nafee N, Zhao Y, Khalil L, Muhammed M, Hassan M, Kandil S. Development and biodistribution of a theranostic aluminum phthalocyanine nanophotosensitizer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 13:48-57. [PMID: 26708297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) is an efficient second generation photosensitizer (PS) with high fluorescence ability. Its use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is hampered by hydrophobicity and poor biodistribution. METHODS AlPc was converted to a biocompatible nanostructure by incorporation into amphiphilic polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PECL) copolymer nanoparticles, allowing efficient entrapment of the PS in the hydrophobic core, water dispersibility and biodistribution enhancement by PEG-induced surface characteristics. A series of synthesized PECL copolymers were used to prepare nanophotosensitizers with an average diameter of 66.5-99.1nm and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 66.4-78.0%. One formulation with favorable colloidal properties and relatively slow release over 7 days was selected for in vitro photophysical assessment and in vivo biodistribution studies in mice. RESULTS The photophysical properties of AlPc were improved by encapsulating AlPc into PECL-NPs, which showed intense fluorescence emission at 687nm and no AlPc aggregation has been induced after entrapment into the nanoparticles. Biodistribution of AlPc loaded NPs (AlPc-NPs) and free AlPc drug in mice was monitored by in vivo whole body fluorescence imaging and ex vivo organ imaging, with in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Compared to a AlPc solution in aqueous TWEEN 80 (2 w/v%), the developed nanophotosensitizer showed targeted drug delivery to lungs, liver and spleen as monitored by the intrinsic fluorescence of AlPc at different time points (1h, 24h and 48h) post iv. administration. CONCLUSIONS The AlPc-based copolymer nanoparticles developed offer potential as a single agent-multifunctional theranostic nanophotosensitizer for PDT coupled with imaging-guided drug delivery and biodistribution, and possibly also fluorescence diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Asem
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Functional Materials Division (FNM), Department of Materials and Nanophysics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Nafee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden; Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Labiba Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mamoun Muhammed
- Functional Materials Division (FNM), Department of Materials and Nanophysics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Research Center (KFC), NOVUM, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sherif Kandil
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zhou L, Ge X, Zhou J, Wei S, Shen J. Modulating the photo-exciting process of photosensitizer to improve in vitro phototoxicity by preparing its self-assembly nanostructures. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12855a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled photosensitizer nanostructures preparation by controlling the charge property of drug and ion strength of environment to improve photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Analysis and Testing Centre
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry
| | - Xuefeng Ge
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Analysis and Testing Centre
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry
| | - Jiahong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Analysis and Testing Centre
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry
| | - Shaohua Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Analysis and Testing Centre
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry
| | - Jian Shen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Analysis and Testing Centre
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry
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Rehman FU, Zhao C, Wu C, Jiang H, Selke M, Wang X. Influence of photoactivated tetra sulphonatophenyl porphyrin and TiO2nanowhiskers on rheumatoid arthritis infected bone marrow stem cell proliferation in vitro and oxidative stress biomarkers in vivo. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23480h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the lethal effects of photodynamic therapy on neoplasms, herein we report photoactivated TSPP–TiO2nanocomposites' growth promoting effect on rheumatoid arthritis BMS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Chunqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Changyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Matthias Selke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- California State University
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
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Breymayer J, Rück A, Ryabova AV, Loschenov VB, Steiner RW. Fluorescence investigation of the detachment of aluminum phthalocyanine molecules from aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles in monocytes/macrophages and skin cells and their localization in monocytes/macrophages. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:380-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lv W, Liu Q. Tuning the morphology of self-assembled nano-structures of phthalocyaninato zinc complex bearing two binaphthyl units. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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