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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Huang D, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Chen X, Cui G, Chen Q, Chen X, Ali S. Hyperspectral imaging combined with blood oxygen saturation for in vivo analysis of small intestinal necrosis tissue. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124298. [PMID: 38642522 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a clinically significant vascular and gastrointestinal condition, which is closely related to the blood supply of the small intestine. Unfortunately, it is still challenging to properly discriminate small intestinal tissues with different degrees of ischemia. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used to construct pseudo-color images of oxygen saturation about small intestinal tissues and to discriminate different degrees of ischemia. First, several small intestine tissue models of New Zealand white rabbits were prepared and collected their hyperspectral data. Then, a set of isosbestic points were used to linearly transform the measurement data twice to match the reference spectra of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, respectively. The oxygen saturation was measured at the characteristic peak band of oxyhemoglobin (560 nm). Ultimately, using the oxygenated hemoglobin reflectance spectrum as the benchmark, we obtained the relative amount of median oxygen saturation in normal tissues was 70.0 %, the IQR was 10.1 %, the relative amount of median oxygen saturation in ischemic tissues was 49.6 %, and the IQR was 14.6 %. The results demonstrate that HSI combined with the oxygen saturation computation method can efficiently differentiate between normal and ischemic regions of the small intestinal tissues. This technique provides a powerful support for internist to discriminate small bowel tissues with different degrees of ischemia, and also provides a new way of thinking for the diagnosis of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China; Zhongshan Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - LeChao Zhang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China; Zhongshan Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - DanFei Huang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China; Zhongshan Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, China; Zhongshan Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - LiBin Zhu
- Pediatric General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Pediatric General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guihua Cui
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qifan Chen
- Zhongshan Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - XiaoJing Chen
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Shujat Ali
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Saknite I, Kwun S, Zhang K, Hood A, Chen F, Kangas L, Kortteisto P, Kukkonen A, Spigulis J, Tkaczyk ER. Hyperspectral imaging to accurately segment skin erythema and hyperpigmentation in cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300009. [PMID: 36942511 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In 51 lesions from 15 patients with the inflammatory skin condition chronic graft-versus-host-disease, hyperspectral imaging accurately delineated active erythema and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The method was validated by dermatologist-approved confident delineations of only definitely affected and definitely unaffected areas in photographs. A prototype hyperspectral imaging system acquired a 2.5 × 3.5 cm2 area of skin at 120 wavelengths in the 450-850 nm range. Unsupervised extraction of unknown absorbers by endmember analysis achieved a comparable accuracy to that of supervised extraction of known absorbers (melanin, hemoglobin) by chromophore mapping: 0.78 (IQR: 0.39-0.85) vs. 0.83 (0.53-0.91) to delineate erythema and 0.74 (0.57-0.87) vs. 0.73 (0.52-0.84) to delineate hyperpigmentation. Both algorithms achieved higher specificity than sensitivity. Whereas a trained human confidently marked a median of 7% of image pixels, unsupervised and supervised algorithms delineated a median of 14% and 27% pixels. Hyperspectral imaging could overcome a fundamental practice gap of distinguishing active from inactive manifestations of inflammatory skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Saknite
- Vanderbilt Dermatology Translational Research Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Shinwho Kwun
- Vanderbilt Dermatology Translational Research Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathy Zhang
- Vanderbilt Dermatology Translational Research Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexis Hood
- Vanderbilt Dermatology Translational Research Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fuyao Chen
- Vanderbilt Dermatology Translational Research Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | - Janis Spigulis
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Eric R Tkaczyk
- Vanderbilt Dermatology Translational Research Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Dermatology Service and Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ri YU, Pyon YH, Ri HH, Sin KR. Estimation of the hemoglobin concentration and the anatomic structure of muscle by analyzing the near infrared scattering images. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Uthoff RD, Song B, Maarouf M, Shi V, Liang R. Point-of-care, multispectral, smartphone-based dermascopes for dermal lesion screening and erythema monitoring. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-21. [PMID: 32578406 PMCID: PMC7309634 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.6.066004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The rates of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer are rising across the globe. Due to a shortage of board-certified dermatologists, the burden of dermal lesion screening and erythema monitoring has fallen to primary care physicians (PCPs). An adjunctive device for lesion screening and erythema monitoring would be beneficial because PCPs are not typically extensively trained in dermatological care. AIM We aim to examine the feasibility of using a smartphone-camera-based dermascope and a USB-camera-based dermascope utilizing polarized white-light imaging (PWLI) and polarized multispectral imaging (PMSI) to map dermal chromophores and erythema. APPROACH Two dermascopes integrating LED-based PWLI and PMSI with both a smartphone-based camera and a USB-connected camera were developed to capture images of dermal lesions and erythema. Image processing algorithms were implemented to provide chromophore concentrations and redness measures. RESULTS PWLI images were successfully converted to an alternate colorspace for erythema measures, and the spectral bandwidth of the PMSI LED illumination was sufficient for mapping of deoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and melanin chromophores. Both types of dermascopes were able to achieve similar relative concentration results. CONCLUSION Chromophore mapping and erythema monitoring are feasible with PWLI and PMSI using LED illumination and smartphone-based cameras. These systems can provide a simpler, more portable geometry and reduce device costs compared with interference-filter-based or spectrometer-based clinical-grade systems. Future research should include a rigorous clinical trial to collect longitudinal data and a large enough dataset to train and implement a machine learning-based image classifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Uthoff
- The University of Arizona, James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Bofan Song
- The University of Arizona, James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Melody Maarouf
- The University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Vivian Shi
- The University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Rongguang Liang
- The University of Arizona, James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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5
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Zhang Y, Lei H, Zhu S, Li W, Lin J, Zhang J, Li Y, Jin P. In vivo monitoring of rashes caused by systemic lupus erythematosus disease using snapshot spectral imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960067. [PMID: 31868301 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is important to patient management. Blood biochemical indexes are commonly assessed but are both time demanding and traumatizing. In this study, a noninvasive and real-time spatial-spectral data tool was used to monitor SLE patients through rash spectral data. To build the relationship between the rash spectrum changes and changes in the patients' status, a snapshot hyperspectral Fourier transform imaging spectrometer was built to monitor the rash reflectance changes of hospitalized SLE patients. A simple rash activity index (RAI) which was normally distributed with the doctor's visual rating of rash severity was calculated from hyperspectral images. The sensitivity of the change in RAI is higher than complement 3/4 levels. RAI and anti-dsDNA antibodies both decreased as the patients recovered. Anti-dsDNA and complement 3/4 were important indicators of SLE activity suggesting that the RAI directly correlated with patient status. The snapshot spectrometer therefore provides an auxiliary method to monitor SLE disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hongwei Lei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhu
- Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- Institute of Optical Target Simulation and Testing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Wang Y, Li G, Yan W, He G, Lin L. Heterogeneity Detection Method for Transmission Multispectral Imaging Based on Contour and Spectral Features. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19245369. [PMID: 31817463 PMCID: PMC6960755 DOI: 10.3390/s19245369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transmission multispectral imaging (TMI) has potential value for medical applications, such as early screening for breast cancer. However, because biological tissue has strong scattering and absorption characteristics, the heterogeneity detection capability of TMI is poor. Many techniques, such as frame accumulation and shape function signal modulation/demodulation techniques, can improve detection accuracy. In this work, we develop a heterogeneity detection method by combining the contour features and spectral features of TMI. Firstly, the acquisition experiment of the phantom multispectral images was designed. Secondly, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and grayscale level were improved by combining frame accumulation with shape function signal modulation and demodulation techniques. Then, an image exponential downsampling pyramid and Laplace operator were used to roughly extract and fuse the contours of all heterogeneities in images produced by a variety of wavelengths. Finally, we used the hypothesis of invariant parameters to do heterogeneity classification. Experimental results show that these invariant parameters can effectively distinguish heterogeneities with various thicknesses. Moreover, this method may provide a reference for heterogeneity detection in TMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.W.); (G.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.W.); (G.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (W.Y.); (G.H.)
| | - Guoquan He
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (W.Y.); (G.H.)
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.W.); (G.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-022-2740-6535
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He Q, Wang RK. Analysis of skin morphological features and real-time monitoring using snapshot hyperspectral imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5625-5638. [PMID: 31799035 PMCID: PMC6865098 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system and methods for skin morphological feature analysis and real-time monitoring of skin activities. The analysis method includes a strategy using weighted subtractions between sub-channel images to extract absorption information due to specific chromophores within skin tissue, for example hemoglobin and melanin. Based on morphological analysis results, we carry out real-time monitoring of the skin features to verify the ability of this method to provide temporal responses of the skin tissue activities, which is experimentally shown to be useful in the measurement of heartrate, monitoring of the tissue recovery after a body exercise, and studying of the tissue response due to a vascular occlusion. Compared to conventional multispectral imaging system, the proposed system improves the device simplicity and is immune to motion artifacts. Coupled with the extraction algorithms, the hyperspectral imaging promises a robust skin assessment tool with abilities for qualitative visualization and potentially quantitative analysis of skin features, useful in the applications of cosmetics and clinical dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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8
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Multispectral, Fluorescent and Photoplethysmographic Imaging for Remote Skin Assessment. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17051165. [PMID: 28534815 PMCID: PMC5470910 DOI: 10.3390/s17051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Optical tissue imaging has several advantages over the routine clinical imaging methods, including non-invasiveness (it does not change the structure of tissues), remote operation (it avoids infections) and the ability to quantify the tissue condition by means of specific image parameters. Dermatologists and other skin experts need compact (preferably pocket-size), self-sustaining and easy-to-use imaging devices. The operational principles and designs of ten portable in-vivo skin imaging prototypes developed at the Biophotonics Laboratory of Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia during the recent five years are presented in this paper. Four groups of imaging devices are considered. Multi-spectral imagers offer possibilities for distant mapping of specific skin parameters, thus facilitating better diagnostics of skin malformations. Autofluorescence intensity and photobleaching rate imagers show a promising potential for skin tumor identification and margin delineation. Photoplethysmography video-imagers ensure remote detection of cutaneous blood pulsations and can provide real-time information on cardiovascular parameters and anesthesia efficiency. Multimodal skin imagers perform several of the abovementioned functions by taking a number of spectral and video images with the same image sensor. Design details of the developed prototypes and results of clinical tests illustrating their functionality are presented and discussed.
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Kikuchi K, Masuda Y, Yamashita T, Sato K, Katagiri C, Hirao T, Mizokami Y, Yaguchi H. A new quantitative evaluation method for age-related changes of individual pigmented spots in facial skin. Skin Res Technol 2016; 22:318-24. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kikuchi
- Shiseido Research Center; Yokohama Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Y. Masuda
- Shiseido Research Center; Yokohama Japan
| | | | - K. Sato
- Shiseido Research Center; Yokohama Japan
| | | | - T. Hirao
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Chiba Institute of Science; Chiba Japan
| | - Y. Mizokami
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - H. Yaguchi
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
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El Shenawy HM, Nasry SA, Zaky AA, Quriba MAA. Treatment of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Diode Laser for Esthetical Purposes. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2015; 3:447-54. [PMID: 27275269 PMCID: PMC4877838 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gingival hyperpigmentation is a common esthetical concern in patients with gummy smile or excessive gingival display. Laser ablation has been recognized recently as the most effective, pleasant and reliable technique. It has the advantage of easy handling, short treatment time, hemostasis, decontamination, and sterilization effect. AIM: In the present study we wanted to explore the efficacy of a 980 nm wavelength diode laser in gingival depigmentation clinically by using both VAS and digital imaging method as means of assessment. METHODS: Diode laser ablation was done for 15 patients who requested cosmetic therapy for melanin pigmented gums. The laser beam delivered by fiberoptic with a diameter of 320 µm, the diode laser system has 980 nm wave lengths and 3 W irradiation powers, in a continuous contact mode in all cases, the entire surface of each pigmented maxillary and mandibular gingiva that required treatment was irradiated in a single session. Clinical examination and digital image analysis were done and the patients were followed up for 3 successive months. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant change in prevalence of bleeding after treatment, as none of the cases showed any signs of bleeding 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after ablation. No statistically significant change was observed in the prevalence of swelling after treatment The VAS evaluation demonstrated that only 4 patients complained of mild pain immediately after the procedure. No pain was perceived from the patients in the rest of the follow up period. There was no statistically significant change in prevalence of pain immediately after treatment compared to pain during treatment. There was a decrease in cases with mild pain after 1 week, 1 month as well as 3 months compared to pain during treatment and immediately after treatment. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the use of diode laser was shown to be a safe and effective treatment modality that provides optimal aesthetics with minimal discomfort in patients with gingival hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherine A Nasry
- Orodental Division Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Zaky
- Medical Laser Application Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Quriba
- Medical Laser Application Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kikuchi K, Masuda Y, Yamashita T, Kawai E, Hirao T. Image analysis of skin color heterogeneity focusing on skin chromophores and the age-related changes in facial skin. Skin Res Technol 2014; 21:175-83. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Kikuchi K, Masuda Y, Hirao T. Imaging of hemoglobin oxygen saturation ratio in the face by spectral camera and its application to evaluate dark circles. Skin Res Technol 2013; 19:499-507. [PMID: 23750856 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact-type spectrophotometers have been widely used to measure skin color to determine the color values and melanin and hemoglobin contents. Recently, a spectral camera was introduced to evaluate two-dimensional color distribution. However, its application to skin color measurement has been limited. METHODS The original spectral imaging system developed for facial skin consisted of a spectral camera and an original lighting unit for uniform irradiation of the face. The distribution of skin chromophores in the face, including melanin and oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin, was calculated from the reflectance data for each pixel of the spectral images. In addition, to create a mean spectral image of the group, a face morphing technology for spectral data was proposed. Using the system, we determined the characteristics of the dark circles around the eyes and also evaluated the effects of an anti-dark circle cosmetic. RESULTS This system enabled the sensitive detection of skin chromophores in the face. Melanin content increased and hemoglobin oxygen saturation ratio decreased locally in the infraorbital areas of women with dark circles compared with those of women without dark circles. In addition, we were able to detect improvement in the dark circles after 6 weeks' use of anti-dark circle cosmetic products by visualizing the distribution of the relative concentrations of melanin and hemoglobin oxygen saturation ratio. CONCLUSION Using a spectral camera, we developed a non-contact image-processing system that was capable of capturing a wide area of the face to visualize the distribution of the relative concentrations of skin chromophores in the face.
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Välisuo P, Harju T, Alander J. Reflectance measurement using digital camera and a protecting dome with built in light source. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:559-564. [PMID: 21780302 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The reflectance of the skin reveals the chemical and physical changes of the skin as well as many metabolic changes. The reflectance measurement is an important method for medical diagnosis, follow-up and screening. This article concentrates on designing and validating an imaging system, based on a digital camera. The proposed system can measure the reflectance of the skin with high spatial and currently four channel spectral resolution, in the range of 450 nm to 980 nm. The accuracy of the system is determined by imaging a colour checker board and comparing the obtained values with both given values and spectrometer measurements. The diffuse interreflections of both, the integrating sphere and the lighting dome of the imaging system, is compensated with a correction factor. The accuracy of the proposed system is only slightly weaker than the spectrometer. The imaging system characteristics are independent of the camera characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Välisuo
- Faculty of Technology, Electrical and Energy Engineering, University of Vaasa, P.O. Box 700, 65101 Vaasa, Finland.
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Kuzmina I, Diebele I, Jakovels D, Spigulis J, Valeine L, Kapostinsh J, Berzina A. Towards noncontact skin melanoma selection by multispectral imaging analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:060502. [PMID: 21721796 DOI: 10.1117/1.3584846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A clinical trial comprising 334 pigmented and vascular lesions has been performed in three Riga clinics by means of multispectral imaging analysis. The imaging system Nuance 2.4 (CRi) and self-developed software for mapping of the main skin chromophores were used. Specific features were observed and analyzed for malignant skin melanomas: notably higher absorbance (especially as the difference of optical density relative to the healthy skin), uneven chromophore distribution over the lesion area, and the possibility to select the "melanoma areas" in the correlation graphs of chromophores. The obtained results indicate clinical potential of this technology for noncontact selection of melanoma from other pigmented and vascular skin lesions.
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Välisuo P, Kaartinen I, Tuchin V, Alander J. New closed-form approximation for skin chromophore mapping. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:046012. [PMID: 21529081 DOI: 10.1117/1.3562976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of blood and melanin in skin can be estimated based on the reflectance of light. Many models for this estimation have been built, such as Monte Carlo simulation, diffusion models, and the differential modified Beer-Lambert law. The optimization-based methods are too slow for chromophore mapping of high-resolution spectral images, and the differential modified Beer-Lambert is not often accurate enough. Optimal coefficients for the differential Beer-Lambert model are calculated by differentiating the diffusion model, optimized to the normal skin spectrum. The derivatives are then used in predicting the difference in chromophore concentrations from the difference in absorption spectra. The accuracy of the method is tested both computationally and experimentally using a Monte Carlo multilayer simulation model, and the data are measured from the palm of a hand during an Allen's test, which modulates the blood content of skin. The correlations of the given and predicted blood, melanin, and oxygen saturation levels are correspondingly r = 0.94, r = 0.99, and r = 0.73. The prediction of the concentrations for all pixels in a 1-megapixel image would take ∼ 20 min, which is orders of magnitude faster than the methods based on optimization during the prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Välisuo
- University of Vaasa, Department of Electrical and Energy Engineering, Automation Technology, Wolffintie 34, Vaasa 65101 Finland
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