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Clark MG, Mohn KJ, Dong B, Campbell HC, Zhang C. Frequency-Domain Low-Wavenumber Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10341-10347. [PMID: 38863402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has experienced rapid technological advancements and has found widespread applications in chemical analysis. Hyperspectral SRS (hSRS) microscopy further enhances the chemical selectivity in imaging by providing a Raman spectrum for each pixel. Time-domain hSRS techniques often require interferometry and ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses. They are especially suited to measuring low-wavenumber Raman transitions but are susceptible to scattering-induced distortions. Frequency-domain hSRS microscopy, on the other hand, offers a simpler optical configuration and demonstrates high tolerance to sample scattering but typically operates within the spectral range of 400-4000 cm-1. Conventional frequency-domain hSRS microscopy is widely employed in biological applications but falls short in detecting chemical bonds with a weaker vibrational energy. In this work, we extend the spectral coverage of picosecond spectral-focusing hSRS microscopy to below 100 cm-1. This frequency-domain low-wavenumber hSRS approach can measure the weaker vibrational energy from the sample and has a strong tolerance to sample scattering. By expanding spectral coverage to 100-4000 cm-1, this development enhances the capability of spectral-domain SRS microscopy for chemical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University; 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Karsten J Mohn
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University; 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University; 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research; 201 S University St., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Helen C Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University; 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University; 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research; 201 S University St., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, 207 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Debnath S, Schäfer A, Ito S, Strelnikov D, Schneider R, Haupa KA, Kappes MM. Vibrationally Resolved Absorption, Fluorescence, and Preresonance Raman Spectroscopy of Isolated Pyronin Y Cation at 5 K. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10553-10560. [PMID: 37975705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploring how charge-changing affects the photoluminescence of small organic dyes presents challenges. Here, helium tagging photodissociation (PD) action spectroscopy in the gas phase and dispersed laser-induced fluorescence (DF) spectroscopy in the solid Ne matrix are used to compare the intrinsic photophysical properties of pyronin Y cation [PY]+ and its one electron-reduced neutral radical [PY]• at 5 K. Whereas the cation shows efficient visible photoluminescence, no emission from the neutral, in line with theoretical predictions, was detected. B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations based on the TD-DFT/FCHT method allow for unambiguous assignment of recorded vibrationally resolved absorption and emission spectra. Surprisingly, our experimental sensitivity was high enough to also observe electronic preresonance Raman (ePR-Raman) spectra of [PY]+, with a significant efficiency factor (EF). These characteristics of the [PY]•/[PY]+ pair suggest that appropriately functionalized derivatives may open new perspectives in the area of in vivo bioimagining microscopy and find applications in various sophisticated stimulated-Raman spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanta Debnath
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Schäfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo,7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dmitry Strelnikov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rabea Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karolina A Haupa
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Malard LM, Lafeta L, Cunha RS, Nadas R, Gadelha A, Cançado LG, Jorio A. Studying 2D materials with advanced Raman spectroscopy: CARS, SRS and TERS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23428-23444. [PMID: 34651627 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been established as a valuable tool to study and characterize two-dimensional (2D) systems, but it exhibits two drawbacks: a relatively weak signal response and a limited spatial resolution. Recently, advanced Raman spectroscopy techniques, such as coherent anti-Stokes spectroscopy (CARS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), have been shown to overcome these two limitations. In this article, we review how useful physical information can be retrieved from different 2D materials using these three advanced Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques, discussing results on graphene, hexagonal boron-nitride, and transition metal di- and mono-chalcogenides, thus providing perspectives for future work in this early-stage field of research, including similar studies on unexplored 2D systems and open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M Malard
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Lafeta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Renan S Cunha
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Nadas
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Andreij Gadelha
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Gustavo Cançado
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Ado Jorio
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
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Zhang C, Aldana-Mendoza JA. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy for chemical imaging of biological systems. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/abfd09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) processes, including both the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and stimulated Raman scattering, have been utilized in state-of-the-art microscopy platforms for chemical imaging of biological samples. The key advantage of CRS microscopy over fluorescence microscopy is label-free, which is an attractive characteristic for modern biological and medical sciences. Besides, CRS has other advantages such as higher selectivity to metabolites, no photobleaching, and narrow peak width. These features have brought fast-growing attention to CRS microscopy in biological research. In this review article, we will first briefly introduce the history of CRS microscopy, and then explain the theoretical background of the CRS processes in detail using the classical approach. Next, we will cover major instrumentation techniques of CRS microscopy. Finally, we will enumerate examples of recent applications of CRS imaging in biological and medical sciences.
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Prince RC, Potma EO. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy: capable solution in search of a larger audience. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210102-PER. [PMID: 34085436 PMCID: PMC8174578 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.6.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is an optical imaging technique with capabilities that could benefit a broad range of biomedical research studies. AIM We reflect on the birth, rapid rise, and inescapable growing pains of the technique and look back on nearly four decades of developments to examine where the CRS imaging approach might be headed in the next decade to come. APPROACH We provide a brief historical account of CRS microscopy, followed by a discussion of the challenges to disseminate the technique to a larger audience. We then highlight recent progress in expanding the capabilities of the CRS microscope and assess its current appeal as a practical imaging tool. RESULTS New developments in Raman tagging have improved the specificity and sensitivity of the CRS technique. In addition, technical advances have led to CRS microscopes that can capture hyperspectral data cubes at practical acquisition times. These improvements have broadened the application space of the technique. CONCLUSION The technical performance of the CRS microscope has improved dramatically since its inception, but these advances have not yet translated into a substantial user base beyond a strong core of enthusiasts. Nonetheless, new developments are poised to move the unique capabilities of the technique into the hands of more users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Prince
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Eric O. Potma
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Chemistry, Irvine, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to Eric O. Potma,
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Akbarzadeh A, Edjlali E, Sheehy G, Selb J, Agarwal R, Weber J, Leblond F. Experimental validation of a spectroscopic Monte Carlo light transport simulation technique and Raman scattering depth sensing analysis in biological tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200202R. [PMID: 33111509 PMCID: PMC7720906 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.10.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Raman spectroscopy (RS) applied to surgical guidance is attracting attention among scientists in biomedical optics. Offering a computational platform for studying depth-resolved RS and probing molecular specificity of different tissue layers is of crucial importance to increase the precision of these techniques and facilitate their clinical adoption. AIM The aim of this work was to present a rigorous analysis of inelastic scattering depth sampling and elucidate the relationship between sensing depth of the Raman effect and optical properties of the tissue under interrogation. APPROACH A new Monte Carlo (MC) package was developed to simulate absorption, fluorescence, elastic, and inelastic scattering of light in tissue. The validity of the MC algorithm was demonstrated by comparison with experimental Raman spectra in phantoms of known optical properties using nylon and polydimethylsiloxane as Raman-active compounds. A series of MC simulations were performed to study the effects of optical properties on Raman sensing depth for an imaging geometry consistent with single-point detection using a handheld fiber optics probe system. RESULTS The MC code was used to estimate the Raman sensing depth of a handheld fiber optics system. For absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of 0.001 and 1 mm - 1, the sensing depth varied from 105 to 225 μm for a range of Raman probabilities from 10 - 6 to 10 - 3. Further, for a realistic Raman probability of 10 - 6, the sensing depth ranged between 10 and 600 μm for the range of absorption coefficients 0.001 to 1.4 mm - 1 and reduced scattering coefficients of 0.5 to 30 mm - 1. CONCLUSIONS A spectroscopic MC light transport simulation platform was developed and validated against experimental measurements in tissue phantoms and used to predict depth sensing in tissue. It is hoped that the current package and reported results provide the research community with an effective simulating tool to improve the development of clinical applications of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Akbarzadeh
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ehsan Edjlali
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sheehy
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jessie Weber
- Institut National d’Optique, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Leblond
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Address all correspondence to Frédéric Leblond,
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7
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Li H, Cheng Y, Tang H, Bi Y, Chen Y, Yang G, Guo S, Tian S, Liao J, Lv X, Zeng S, Zhu M, Xu C, Cheng J, Wang P. Imaging Chemical Kinetics of Radical Polymerization with an Ultrafast Coherent Raman Microscope. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903644. [PMID: 32440482 PMCID: PMC7237838 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Numerous mechanisms have been proposed for polymerization to provide qualitative and quantitative prediction of how monomers spatially and temporally arrange into the polymeric chains. However, less is known about this process at the molecular level because the ultrafast chemical reaction is inaccessible for any form of microscope so far. Here, to address this unmet challenge, a stimulated Raman scattering microscope based on collinear multiple beams (COMB-SRS) is demonstrated, which allows label-free molecular imaging of polymer synthesis in action at speed of 2000 frames per second. The field of view of the developed 2 kHz SRS microscope is 30 × 28 µm2 with 50 × 46 pixels and 7 µs dwell time. By catching up the speed of chemical reaction, COMB-SRS is able to quantitatively visualize the ultrafast dynamics of molecular vibrations with submicron spatial resolution and sub-millisecond temporal resolution. The propagating polymer waves driven by reaction rate and persistent UV initiation are observed in situ. This methodology is expected to permit the development of novel functional polymers, controllable photoresists, 3D printing, and other new polymerization technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Huajun Tang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Yali Bi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Yage Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Guang Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Shoujing Guo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Sidan Tian
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Jiangshan Liao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637457Singapore
| | - Ji‐Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
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Abstract
Optical microscopy has generated great impact for modern research. While fluorescence microscopy provides the ultimate sensitivity, it generally lacks chemical information. Complementarily, vibrational imaging methods provide rich chemical-bond-specific contrasts. Nonetheless, they usually suffer from unsatisfying sensitivity or compromised biocompatibility. Recently, electronic preresonance stimulated Raman scattering (EPR-SRS) microscopy was reported, achieving simultaneous high detection sensitivity and superb vibrational specificity of chromophores. With newly synthesized Raman-active dyes, this method readily breaks the optical color barrier of fluorescence microscopy and is well-suited for supermultiplex imaging in biological samples. In this Perspective, we first review previous utilizations of electronic resonance in various Raman spectroscopy and microscopy. We then discuss the physical origin and uniqueness of the electronic preresonance region, followed by quantitative analysis of the enhancement factors involved in EPR-SRS microscopy. On this basis, we provide an outlook for future development as well as the broad applications in biophotonics.
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Simultaneous cancer and tumor microenvironment subtyping using confocal infrared microscopy for all-digital molecular histopathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5651-E5660. [PMID: 29866827 PMCID: PMC6016804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719551115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer alters both the morphological and the biochemical properties of multiple cell types in a tissue. Generally, the morphology of epithelial cells is practical for routine disease diagnoses. Here, infrared spectroscopic imaging biochemically characterizes breast cancer, both epithelial cells and the tumor-associated microenvironment. Unfortunately, conventional spectral analyses are slow. Hence, we designed and built a laser confocal microscope that demonstrates a high signal-to-noise ratio for confident diagnoses. The instrument cuts down imaging time from days to minutes, making the technology feasible for research and clinical translation. Finally, automated human breast cancer biopsy imaging is reported in ∼1 hour, paving the way for routine research into the total tumor (epithelial plus microenvironment) properties and rapid, label-free diagnoses. Histopathology based on spatial patterns of epithelial cells is the gold standard for clinical diagnoses and research in carcinomas; although known to be important, the tissue microenvironment is not readily used due to complex and subjective interpretation with existing tools. Here, we demonstrate accurate subtyping from molecular properties of epithelial cells using emerging high-definition Fourier transform infrared (HD FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging combined with machine learning algorithms. In addition to detecting four epithelial subtypes, we simultaneously delineate three stromal subtypes that characterize breast tumors. While FT-IR imaging data enable fully digital pathology with rich information content, the long spectral scanning times required for signal averaging and processing make the technology impractical for routine research or clinical use. Hence, we developed a confocal design in which refractive IR optics are designed to provide high-definition, rapid spatial scanning and discrete spectral tuning using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) source. This instrument provides simultaneously high resolving power (2-μm pixel size) and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (>1,300), providing a speed increase of ∼50-fold for obtaining classified results compared with present imaging spectrometers. We demonstrate spectral fidelity and interinstrument operability of our developed instrument by accurate analysis of a 100-case breast tissue set that was analyzed in a day, considerably speeding research. Clinical breast biopsies typical of a patients’ caseload are analyzed in ∼1 hour. This study paves the way for comprehensive tumor-microenvironment analyses in feasible time periods, presenting a critical step in practical label-free molecular histopathology.
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Naveed M, Raees M, Liaqat I, Kashif M. Clastogenic ROS and biophotonics in precancerous diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-018-1488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Georgiadis M, Müller R, Schneider P. Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0088. [PMID: 27335222 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone's remarkable mechanical properties are a result of its hierarchical structure. The mineralized collagen fibrils, made up of collagen fibrils and crystal platelets, are bone's building blocks at an ultrastructural level. The organization of bone's ultrastructure with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils has been the matter of numerous studies based on a variety of imaging techniques in the past decades. These techniques either exploit physical principles, such as polarization, diffraction or scattering to examine bone ultrastructure orientation and arrangement, or directly image the fibrils at the sub-micrometre scale. They make use of diverse probes such as visible light, X-rays and electrons at different scales, from centimetres down to nanometres. They allow imaging of bone sections or surfaces in two dimensions or investigating bone tissue truly in three dimensions, in vivo or ex vivo, and sometimes in combination with in situ mechanical experiments. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss this broad range of imaging techniques and the different modalities of their use, in order to discuss their advantages and limitations for the assessment of bone ultrastructure organization with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schneider
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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12
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Alfonso-García A, Paugh J, Farid M, Garg S, Jester JV, Potma EO. A machine learning framework to analyze hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy images of expressed human meibum. JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY : JRS 2017; 48:803-812. [PMID: 28943709 PMCID: PMC5608037 DOI: 10.1002/jrs.5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We develop and discuss a methodology for batch-level analysis of hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (hsSRS) data sets of human meibum in the CH-stretching vibrational range. The analysis consists of two steps. The first step uses a training set (n=19) to determine chemically meaningful reference spectra that jointly constitute a basis set for the sample. This procedure makes use of batch-level vertex component analysis (VCA), followed by unsupervised k-means clustering to express the data set in terms of spectra that represent lipid and protein mixtures in changing proportions. The second step uses a random forest classifier to rapidly classify hsSRS stacks in terms of the pre-determined basis set. The overall procedure allows a rapid quantitative analysis of large hsSRS data sets, enabling a direct comparison among samples using a single set of reference spectra. We apply this procedure to assess 50 specimens of expressed human meibum, rich in both protein and lipid, and show that the batch-level analysis reveals marked variation among samples that potentially correlate with meibum health quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alfonso-García
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jerry Paugh
- Southern California College of Optometry at Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton
| | - Marjan Farid
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine
| | - Sumit Garg
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine
| | - James V Jester
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine
| | - Eric O Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine
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13
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Bioorthogonal chemical imaging of metabolic activities in live mammalian hippocampal tissues with stimulated Raman scattering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39660. [PMID: 28000773 PMCID: PMC5175176 DOI: 10.1038/srep39660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain is an immensely complex system displaying dynamic and heterogeneous metabolic activities. Visualizing cellular metabolism of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids in brain with chemical specificity has been a long-standing challenge. Recent development in metabolic labeling of small biomolecules allows the study of these metabolisms at the global level. However, these techniques generally require nonphysiological sample preparation for either destructive mass spectrometry imaging or secondary labeling with relatively bulky fluorescent labels. In this study, we have demonstrated bioorthogonal chemical imaging of DNA, RNA, protein and lipid metabolism in live rat brain hippocampal tissues by coupling stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with integrated deuterium and alkyne labeling. Heterogeneous metabolic incorporations for different molecular species and neurogenesis with newly-incorporated DNA were observed in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus at the single cell level. We further applied this platform to study metabolic responses to traumatic brain injury in hippocampal slice cultures, and observed marked upregulation of protein and lipid metabolism particularly in the hilus region of the hippocampus within days of mechanical injury. Thus, our method paves the way for the study of complex metabolic profiles in live brain tissue under both physiological and pathological conditions with single-cell resolution and minimal perturbation.
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14
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Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) describes a family of techniques first discovered and developed in the 1960s. Whereas the nascent history of the technique is parallel to that of laser light sources, recent advances have spurred a resurgence in its use and development that has spanned across scientific fields and spatial scales. SRS is a nonlinear technique that probes the same vibrational modes of molecules that are seen in spontaneous Raman scattering. While spontaneous Raman scattering is an incoherent technique, SRS is a coherent process, and this fact provides several advantages over conventional Raman techniques, among which are much stronger signals and the ability to time-resolve the vibrational motions. Technological improvements in pulse generation and detection strategies have allowed SRS to probe increasingly smaller volumes and shorter time scales. This has enabled SRS research to move from its original domain, of probing bulk media, to imaging biological tissues and single cells at the micro scale, and, ultimately, to characterizing samples with subdiffraction resolution at the nanoscale. In this Review, we give an overview of the history of the technique, outline its basic properties, and present historical and current uses at multiple length scales to underline the utility of SRS to the molecular sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Prince
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine , 1436 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis , B-18, 139 Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Eric O Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , 1107 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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15
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Jermyn M, Desroches J, Aubertin K, St-Arnaud K, Madore WJ, De Montigny E, Guiot MC, Trudel D, Wilson BC, Petrecca K, Leblond F. A review of Raman spectroscopy advances with an emphasis on clinical translation challenges in oncology. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:R370-R400. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/23/r370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Wei L, Hu F, Chen Z, Shen Y, Zhang L, Min W. Live-Cell Bioorthogonal Chemical Imaging: Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy of Vibrational Probes. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1494-502. [PMID: 27486796 PMCID: PMC5704954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Innovations in light microscopy have tremendously revolutionized the way researchers study biological systems with subcellular resolution. In particular, fluorescence microscopy with the expanding choices of fluorescent probes has provided a comprehensive toolkit to tag and visualize various molecules of interest with exquisite specificity and high sensitivity. Although fluorescence microscopy is currently the method of choice for cellular imaging, it faces fundamental limitations for studying the vast number of small biomolecules. This is because common fluorescent labels, which are relatively bulky, could introduce considerable perturbation to or even completely alter the native functions of vital small biomolecules. Hence, despite their immense functional importance, these small biomolecules remain largely undetectable by fluorescence microscopy. To address this challenge, a bioorthogonal chemical imaging platform has recently been introduced. By coupling stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, an emerging nonlinear Raman microscopy technique, with tiny and Raman-active vibrational probes (e.g., alkynes and stable isotopes), bioorthogonal chemical imaging exhibits superb sensitivity, specificity, and biocompatibility for imaging small biomolecules in live systems. In this Account, we review recent technical achievements for visualizing a broad spectrum of small biomolecules, including ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides, amino acids, fatty acids, choline, glucose, cholesterol, and small-molecule drugs in live biological systems ranging from individual cells to animal tissues and model organisms. Importantly, this platform is compatible with live-cell biology, thus allowing real-time imaging of small-molecule dynamics. Moreover, we discuss further chemical and spectroscopic strategies for multicolor bioorthogonal chemical imaging, a valuable technique in the era of "omics". As a unique tool for biological discovery, this platform has been applied to studying various metabolic processes under both physiological and pathological states, including protein synthesis activity of neuronal systems, protein aggregations in Huntington disease models, glucose uptake in tumor xenografts, and drug penetration through skin tissues. We envision that the coupling of SRS microscopy with vibrational probes would do for small biomolecules what fluorescence microscopy of fluorophores has done for larger molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027
| | - Yihui Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027
| | - Luyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, 10027
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17
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Liao CS, Cheng JX. In Situ and In Vivo Molecular Analysis by Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:69-93. [PMID: 27306307 PMCID: PMC5367927 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is a high-speed vibrational imaging platform with the ability to visualize the chemical content of a living specimen by using molecular vibrational fingerprints. We review technical advances and biological applications of CRS microscopy. The basic theory of CRS and the state-of-the-art instrumentation of a CRS microscope are presented. We further summarize and compare the algorithms that are used to separate the Raman signal from the nonresonant background, to denoise a CRS image, and to decompose a hyperspectral CRS image into concentration maps of principal components. Important applications of single-frequency and hyperspectral CRS microscopy are highlighted. Potential directions of CRS microscopy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Sheng Liao
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907;
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907;
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18
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Abstract
Advancements in coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy have enabled label-free visualization and analysis of functional, endogenous biomolecules in living systems. When compared with spontaneous Raman microscopy, a key advantage of CRS microscopy is the dramatic improvement in imaging speed, which gives rise to real-time vibrational imaging of live biological samples. Using molecular vibrational signatures, recently developed hyperspectral CRS microscopy has improved the readout of chemical information available from CRS images. In this article, we review recent achievements in CRS microscopy, focusing on the theory of the CRS signal-to-noise ratio, imaging speed, technical developments, and applications of CRS imaging in bioscience and clinical settings. In addition, we present possible future directions that the use of this technology may take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907;
| | - Delong Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907;
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907;
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19
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Hu F, Wei L, Zheng C, Shen Y, Min W. Live-cell vibrational imaging of choline metabolites by stimulated Raman scattering coupled with isotope-based metabolic labeling. Analyst 2015; 139:2312-7. [PMID: 24555181 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Choline is a small molecule that occupies a key position in the biochemistry of all living organisms. Recent studies have strongly implicated choline metabolites in cancer, atherosclerosis and nervous system development. To detect choline and its metabolites, existing physical methods such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography are often limited by the poor spatial resolution and substantial radiation dose. Fluorescence imaging, although with submicrometer resolution, requires introduction of bulky fluorophores and thus is difficult in labeling the small choline molecule. By combining the emerging bond-selective stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with metabolic incorporation of deuterated choline, herein we have achieved high resolution imaging of choline-containing metabolites in living mammalian cell lines, primary hippocampal neurons and the multicellular organism C. elegans. Different subcellular distributions of choline metabolites are observed between cancer cells and non-cancer cells, which may reveal a functional difference in the choline metabolism and lipid-mediated signaling events. In neurons, choline incorporation is visualized within both soma and neurites, where choline metabolites are more evenly distributed compared to proteins. Furthermore, choline localization is also observed in the pharynx region of C. elegans larvae, consistent with its organogenesis mechanism. These applications demonstrate the potential of isotope-based stimulated Raman scattering microscopy for future choline-related disease detection and development monitoring in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Raman-Spectroscopy Based Cell Identification on a Microhole Array Chip. MICROMACHINES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/mi5020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Muir RD, Sullivan SZ, Oglesbee RA, Simpson GJ. Synchronous digitization for high dynamic range lock-in amplification in beam-scanning microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:033703. [PMID: 24689588 PMCID: PMC3987178 DOI: 10.1063/1.4865116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Digital lock-in amplification (LIA) with synchronous digitization (SD) is shown to provide significant signal to noise (S/N) and linear dynamic range advantages in beam-scanning microscopy measurements using pulsed laser sources. Direct comparisons between SD-LIA and conventional LIA in homodyne second harmonic generation measurements resulted in S/N enhancements consistent with theoretical models. SD-LIA provided notably larger S/N enhancements in the limit of low light intensities, through the smooth transition between photon counting and signal averaging developed in previous work. Rapid beam scanning instrumentation with up to video rate acquisition speeds minimized photo-induced sample damage. The corresponding increased allowance for higher laser power without sample damage is advantageous for increasing the observed signal content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Shane Z Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Robert A Oglesbee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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22
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Suhalim JL, Parfitt GJ, Xie Y, De Paiva CS, De Pavia CS, Pflugfelder SC, Shah TN, Potma EO, Brown DJ, Jester JV. Effect of desiccating stress on mouse meibomian gland function. Ocul Surf 2014; 12:59-68. [PMID: 24439047 PMCID: PMC3896889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mice exposed to standardized desiccating environmental stress to induce dry eye-like symptoms have been used as a model to study the underlying mechanisms of evaporative dry eye. While studies have shown marked inflammatory and immune changes, the effect of such stress on meibomian gland function remains largely unknown. We sought to evaluate the effects of desiccating stress on meibocyte proliferation and meibum quality. METHODS Ten mice were treated with scopolamine and subjected to a drafty low humidity environment (30-35%). Five and ten days after treatment, eyelids were harvested and cryosections stained with Ki67 antibody to identify cycling cells. Sections were also imaged using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy to characterize the gland compositional changes by detecting the vibrational signatures of methylene (lipid) and amide-I (protein). RESULTS Desiccating stress caused a 3-fold increase in basal acinar cell proliferation from 18.3 ± 11.1% in untreated mice to 64.4 ± 19.9% and 66.6 ± 13.4% after 5 and 10 days exposure, respectively (P < .001). In addition, SRS analysis showed a wider variation in the protein-to-lipid ratio throughout the gland, suggesting alterations in meibocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with a model that a desiccating environment may have a direct effect on meibomian gland function, leading to a significant increase in basal acinar cell proliferation, abnormal meibocyte differentiation, and altered lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Suhalim
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA, USA; Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Yilu Xie
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Cintia S De Pavia
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Eric O Potma
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - James V Jester
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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23
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Meyer T, Schmitt M, Dietzek B, Popp J. Accumulating advantages, reducing limitations: multimodal nonlinear imaging in biomedical sciences - the synergy of multiple contrast mechanisms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:887-904. [PMID: 24259267 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal nonlinear microscopy has matured during the past decades to one of the key imaging modalities in life science and biomedicine due to its unique capabilities of label-free visualization of tissue structure and chemical composition, high depth penetration, intrinsic 3D sectioning, diffraction limited resolution and low phototoxicity. This review briefly summarizes first recent advances in the field regarding the methodology, e.g., contrast mechanisms and signal characteristics used for contrast generation as well as novel image processing approaches. The second part deals with technologic developments emphasizing improvements in penetration depth, imaging speed, spatial resolution and nonlinear labeling strategies. The third part focuses on recent applications in life science fundamental research and biomedical diagnostics as well as future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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24
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Diem M, Mazur A, Lenau K, Schubert J, Bird B, Miljković M, Krafft C, Popp J. Molecular pathology via IR and Raman spectral imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:855-86. [PMID: 24311233 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During the last 15 years, vibrational spectroscopic methods have been developed that can be viewed as molecular pathology methods that depend on sampling the entire genome, proteome and metabolome of cells and tissues, rather than probing for the presence of selected markers. First, this review introduces the background and fundamentals of the spectroscopies underlying the new methodologies, namely infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Then, results are presented in the context of spectral histopathology of tissues for detection of metastases in lymph nodes, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinomas, brain tumors and brain metastases. Results from spectral cytopathology of cells are discussed for screening of oral and cervical mucosa, and circulating tumor cells. It is concluded that infrared and Raman spectroscopy can complement histopathology and reveal information that is available in classical methods only by costly and time-consuming steps such as immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction or gene arrays. Due to the inherent sensitivity toward changes in the bio-molecular composition of different cell and tissue types, vibrational spectroscopy can even provide information that is in some cases superior to that of any one of the conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Diem
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis LSpD, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Wei L, Yu Y, Shen Y, Wang MC, Min W. Vibrational imaging of newly synthesized proteins in live cells by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11226-31. [PMID: 23798434 PMCID: PMC3710790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303768110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of new proteins, a key step in the central dogma of molecular biology, has been a major biological process by which cells respond rapidly to environmental cues in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the selective visualization of a newly synthesized proteome in living systems with subcellular resolution has proven to be rather challenging, despite the extensive efforts along the lines of fluorescence staining, autoradiography, and mass spectrometry. Herein, we report an imaging technique to visualize nascent proteins by harnessing the emerging stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy coupled with metabolic incorporation of deuterium-labeled amino acids. As a first demonstration, we imaged newly synthesized proteins in live mammalian cells with high spatial-temporal resolution without fixation or staining. Subcellular compartments with fast protein turnover in HeLa and HEK293T cells, and newly grown neurites in differentiating neuron-like N2A cells, are clearly identified via this imaging technique. Technically, incorporation of deuterium-labeled amino acids is minimally perturbative to live cells, whereas SRS imaging of exogenous carbon-deuterium bonds (C-D) in the cell-silent Raman region is highly sensitive, specific, and compatible with living systems. Moreover, coupled with label-free SRS imaging of the total proteome, our method can readily generate spatial maps of the quantitative ratio between new and total proteomes. Thus, this technique of nonlinear vibrational imaging of stable isotope incorporation will be a valuable tool to advance our understanding of the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of newly synthesized proteome in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- Department of Chemistry and
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Meng C. Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry and
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; and
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26
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Meyer T, Chemnitz M, Baumgartl M, Gottschall T, Pascher T, Matthäus C, Romeike BFM, Brehm BR, Limpert J, Tünnermann A, Schmitt M, Dietzek B, Popp J. Expanding Multimodal Microscopy by High Spectral Resolution Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Imaging for Clinical Disease Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6703-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400570w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Meyer
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena,
Germany
| | - Mario Chemnitz
- Institute of Applied
Physics
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgartl
- Institute of Applied
Physics
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Gottschall
- Institute of Applied
Physics
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Pascher Instruments, Stora Rabybyaväg 24, 22478 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Kemicentrum, Getingevägen 60,
22241 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Matthäus
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena,
Germany
| | - Bernd F. M. Romeike
- Institute
of Pathology, Department
of Neuropathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard R. Brehm
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Catholic Clinic Koblenz, Rudolf Virchow Strasse 9,
56073 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Jens Limpert
- Institute of Applied
Physics
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Tünnermann
- Institute of Applied
Physics
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena,
Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena,
Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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27
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Meyer T, Baumgartl M, Gottschall T, Pascher T, Wuttig A, Matthäus C, Romeike BFM, Brehm BR, Limpert J, Tünnermann A, Guntinas-Lichius O, Dietzek B, Schmitt M, Popp J. A compact microscope setup for multimodal nonlinear imaging in clinics and its application to disease diagnostics. Analyst 2013; 138:4048-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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