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Lin W, Wang P, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Wei X. Progress and challenges of in vivo flow cytometry and its applications in circulating cells of eyes. Cytometry A 2024; 105:437-445. [PMID: 38549391 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Circulating inflammatory cells in eyes have emerged as early indicators of numerous major diseases, yet the monitoring of these cells remains an underdeveloped field. In vivo flow cytometry (IVFC), a noninvasive technique, offers the promise of real-time, dynamic quantification of circulating cells. However, IVFC has not seen extensive applications in the detection of circulating cells in eyes, possibly due to the eye's unique physiological structure and fundus imaging limitations. This study reviews the current research progress in retinal flow cytometry and other fundus examination techniques, such as adaptive optics, ultra-widefield retinal imaging, multispectral imaging, and optical coherence tomography, to propose novel ideas for circulating cell monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Public Scientific Research Platform, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Public Scientific Research Platform, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingxin Qi
- Department of Public Scientific Research Platform, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Department of Public Scientific Research Platform, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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2
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Vora N, Shekar P, Hanulia T, Esmail M, Patra A, Georgakoudi I. Deep learning-enabled detection of rare circulating tumor cell clusters in whole blood using label-free, flow cytometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2237-2252. [PMID: 38456773 PMCID: PMC11019838 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic tumors have poor prognoses for progression-free and overall survival for all cancer patients. Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and rarer circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are potential biomarkers of metastatic growth, with CTCCs representing an increased risk factor for metastasis. Current detection platforms are optimized for ex vivo detection of CTCs only. Microfluidic chips and size exclusion methods have been proposed for CTCC detection; however, they lack in vivo utility and real-time monitoring capability. Confocal backscatter and fluorescence flow cytometry (BSFC) has been used for label-free detection of CTCCs in whole blood based on machine learning (ML) enabled peak classification. Here, we expand to a deep-learning (DL)-based, peak detection and classification model to detect CTCCs in whole blood data. We demonstrate that DL-based BSFC has a low false alarm rate of 0.78 events per min with a high Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.943 between detected events and expected events. DL-based BSFC of whole blood maintains a detection purity of 72% and a sensitivity of 35.3% for both homotypic and heterotypic CTCCs starting at a minimum size of two cells. We also demonstrate through artificial spiking studies that DL-based BSFC is sensitive to changes in the number of CTCCs present in the samples and does not add variability in detection beyond the expected variability from Poisson statistics. The performance established by DL-based BSFC motivates its use for in vivo detection of CTCCs. Using transfer learning, we additionally validate DL-based BSFC on blood samples from different species and cancer cell types. Further developments of label-free BSFC to enhance throughput could lead to critical applications in the clinical detection of CTCCs and ex vivo isolation of CTCC from whole blood with minimal disruption and processing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Vora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Prashant Shekar
- Department of Mathematics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Taras Hanulia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Michael Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Abani Patra
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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3
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Fakhoury JW, Lara JB, Manwar R, Zafar M, Xu Q, Engel R, Tsoukas MM, Daveluy S, Mehregan D, Avanaki K. Photoacoustic imaging for cutaneous melanoma assessment: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11518. [PMID: 38223680 PMCID: PMC10785699 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Significance Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has a high morbidity and mortality rate, but it can be cured if the primary lesion is detected and treated at an early stage. Imaging techniques such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) have been studied and implemented to aid in the detection and diagnosis of CM. Aim Provide an overview of different PAI systems and applications for the study of CM, including the determination of tumor depth/thickness, cancer-related angiogenesis, metastases to lymph nodes, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), virtual histology, and studies using exogenous contrast agents. Approach A systematic review and classification of different PAI configurations was conducted based on their specific applications for melanoma detection. This review encompasses animal and preclinical studies, offering insights into the future potential of PAI in melanoma diagnosis in the clinic. Results PAI holds great clinical potential as a noninvasive technique for melanoma detection and disease management. PA microscopy has predominantly been used to image and study angiogenesis surrounding tumors and provide information on tumor characteristics. Additionally, PA tomography, with its increased penetration depth, has demonstrated its ability to assess melanoma thickness. Both modalities have shown promise in detecting metastases to lymph nodes and CTCs, and an all-optical implementation has been developed to perform virtual histology analyses. Animal and human studies have successfully shown the capability of PAI to detect, visualize, classify, and stage CM. Conclusions PAI is a promising technique for assessing the status of the skin without a surgical procedure. The capability of the modality to image microvasculature, visualize tumor boundaries, detect metastases in lymph nodes, perform fast and label-free histology, and identify CTCs could aid in the early diagnosis and classification of CM, including determination of metastatic status. In addition, it could be useful for monitoring treatment efficacy noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Fakhoury
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Juliana Benavides Lara
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Ricardo Engel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Maria M. Tsoukas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Steven Daveluy
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Vora N, Shekar P, Esmail M, Patra A, Georgakoudi I. Deep Learning-Enabled, Detection of Rare Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters in Whole Blood Using Label-free, Flow Cytometry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551485. [PMID: 37577660 PMCID: PMC10418242 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic tumors have poor prognoses for progression-free and overall survival for all cancer patients. Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and rarer circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are potential biomarkers of metastatic growth, with CTCCs representing an increased risk factor for metastasis. Current detection platforms are optimized for ex vivo detection of CTCs only. Microfluidic chips and size exclusion methods have been proposed for CTCC detection; however, they lack in vivo utility and real-time monitoring capability. Confocal backscatter and fluorescence flow cytometry (BSFC) has been used for label-free detection of CTCCs in whole blood based on machine learning (ML) enabled peak classification. Here, we expand to a deep-learning (DL) -based, peak detection and classification model to detect CTCCs in whole blood data. We demonstrate that DL-based BSFC has a low false alarm rate of 0.78 events/min with a high Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.943 between detected events and expected events. DL-based BSFC of whole blood maintains a detection purity of 72% and a sensitivity of 35.3% for both homotypic and heterotypic CTCCs starting at a minimum size of two cells. We also demonstrate through artificial spiking studies that DL-based BSFC is sensitive to changes in the number of CTCCs present in the samples and does not add variability in detection beyond the expected variability from Poisson statistics. The performance established by DL-based BSFC motivates its use for in vivo detection of CTCCs. Further developments of label-free BSFC to enhance throughput could lead to critical applications in the clinical detection of CTCCs and ex vivo isolation of CTCC from whole blood with minimal disruption and processing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Vora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Prashant Shekar
- Department of Mathematics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Michael Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- # Current Affiliation: University of Massachusetts Amherst Animal Care Services, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Abani Patra
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Li Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Ling W, Zhang X, Zhou M, Onses MS, Zhou P, Mao S, Huo W, Fan Z, Yang H, Wang H, Huang X. A flexible wearable device coupled with injectable Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles for capturing circulating tumor cells and triggering their deaths. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 235:115367. [PMID: 37187061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood can be an effective therapeutic approach to disrupt metastasis. Here, a strategy is proposed to implement flexible wearable electronics and injectable nanomaterials to disrupt the hematogenous transport of CTCs. A flexible device containing an origami magnetic membrane is used to attract Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles (NPs) that are surface modified with specific aptamers and intravenously injected into blood vessels, forming an invisible hand and fishing line/bait configuration to specifically capture CTCs through bonding with aptamers. Thereafter, thinned flexible AlGaAs LEDs in the device offer an average fluence of 15.75 mW mm-2 at a skin penetration depth of 1.5 mm, causing a rapid rise of temperature to 48 °C in the NPs and triggering CTC death in 10 min. The flexible device has been demonstrated for intravascular isolation and enrichment of CTCs with a capture efficiency of 72.31% after 10 cycles in a simulated blood circulation system based on a prosthetic upper limb. The fusion of nanomaterials and flexible electronics reveals an emerging field that utilizes wearable and flexible stimulators to activate biological effects offered by nanomaterials, leading to improved therapeutical effects and postoperative outcomes of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ziyue Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Wei Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mingxing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Talas Yolu Melikgazi, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Sui Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Wenxing Huo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hanjie Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China; Institute of Wearable Technology and Bioelectronics, Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, 1002 23rd Street, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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6
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Vora N, Shekhar P, Esmail M, Patra A, Georgakoudi I. Label-free flow cytometry of rare circulating tumor cell clusters in whole blood. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10721. [PMID: 35750889 PMCID: PMC9232518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are rare cellular events found in the blood stream of metastatic tumor patients. Despite their scarcity, they represent an increased risk for metastasis. Label-free detection methods of these events remain primarily limited to in vitro microfluidic platforms. Here, we expand on the use of confocal backscatter and fluorescence flow cytometry (BSFC) for label-free detection of CTCCs in whole blood using machine learning for peak detection/classification. BSFC uses a custom-built flow cytometer with three excitation wavelengths (405 nm, 488 nm, and 633 nm) and five detectors to detect CTCCs in whole blood based on corresponding scattering and fluorescence signals. In this study, detection of CTCC-associated GFP fluorescence is used as the ground truth to assess the accuracy of endogenous back-scattered light-based CTCC detection in whole blood. Using a machine learning model for peak detection/classification, we demonstrated that the combined use of backscattered signals at the three wavelengths enable detection of ~ 93% of all CTCCs larger than two cells with a purity of > 82% and an overall accuracy of > 95%. The high level of performance established through BSFC and machine learning demonstrates the potential for label-free detection and monitoring of CTCCs in whole blood. Further developments of label-free BSFC to enhance throughput could lead to important applications in the isolation of CTCCs in whole blood with minimal disruption and ultimately their detection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Vora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Prashant Shekhar
- Department of Mathematics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Michael Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Abani Patra
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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7
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Hu M, Li C, Wang Z, Ding P, Pei R, Wang Q, Xu H, Xing C. Development of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Dual Antibody Nanoparticles for the Highly Specific Capture and Gradual Release of Circulating Tumor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:806238. [PMID: 35198544 PMCID: PMC8859420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.806238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been well-established as promising biomarkers that can be leveraged to gauge the prognosis of patients with cancers and to guide patient treatment efforts. Although the scarcity of CTCs within peripheral circulation and the associated phenotypic changes that they exhibit owing to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process make the reliable isolation of these cells very challenging. Recently, several studies have discussed platforms capable of mediating the efficient and sensitive isolation of CTCs, but these approaches are nonetheless subject to certain limitations that preclude their clinical application. For example, these platforms are poorly-suited to minimizing damage in the context of cellular capture and release or the in vitro culture of captured cells for subsequent molecular analyses, which would better enable clinicians to select appropriate precision treatments on an individualized basis. In this study, we report the layer-by-layer assembly approach to synthesize a novel composite nanomaterial consisting of modified zirconium-based metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) on the surface of magnetic beads with dual antibody surface modifications capable of capturing CTCs without being hampered by the state of cellular EMT process. Our analyses indicated that these dual antibody-modified nanomaterials exhibited greater capture efficiency than that observed for single antibody. Importantly, captured cells can be gradually released following capture and undergo subsequent in vitro proliferation following water molecule-induced MOF structural collapse. This release mechanism, which does not require operator intervention, may be effective as a means of minimizing damage and preserving cellular viability such that cells can be more reliably utilized for downstream molecular analyses and associated treatment planning. To further confirm the potential clinical applicability of the developed nanomaterial, it was successfully utilized for capturing CTCs from peripheral blood samples collected from cases diagnosed with gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pi Ding
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Pei, ; Hua Xu, ; Chungen Xing,
| | | | - Hua Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Pei, ; Hua Xu, ; Chungen Xing,
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Pei, ; Hua Xu, ; Chungen Xing,
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8
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Pang W, Ding S, Lin L, Wang C, Lei M, Xu J, Wang X, Qu J, Wei X, Gu B. Noninvasive and real-time monitoring of Au nanoparticle promoted cancer metastasis using in vivo flow cytometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1846-1857. [PMID: 33996202 PMCID: PMC8086442 DOI: 10.1364/boe.420123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality globally, while cancer metastasis, which accounts for about 90% of cancer-related mortality, presents an extremely poor prognosis. Thus, various nanomedicines were designed and synthesized for cancer treatment, but nanomaterials could lead to endothelial leakiness and consequently facilitate intravasation and extravasation of cancer cells to form circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which were regarded as the potential metastatic seeds, possibly accelerating cancer metastasis. Neither possible metastatic sites were observed nor rare CTCs could be measured using common methods at the early stage of cancer metastasis, it is urgent to explore new technology to dynamically monitor nanomedicine promoted cancer metastasis with high sensitivity, which would be beneficial for cancer treatment as well as design and synthesis of nanomedicine. Herein, a novel optical biopsy tool i.e. in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) was constructed to noninvasively and real-time monitor CTCs of tumor-bearing mice treated with various concentrations of Au nanoparticles. The in vivo experimental results demonstrated the promoted CTCs were Au nanoparticles dose-dependent consistent with the in vitro results, which showed Au nanoparticles induced dose-dependent gaps in the blood vessel endothelial walls to accelerate CTCs formation, making IVFC a promising biopsy tool in fundamental, pre-clinical and clinical investigation of nanomedicine and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Shihui Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Liyun Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Man Lei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiale Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Bobo Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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9
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Seeger M, Stiel AC, Ntziachristos V. In vitro optoacoustic flow cytometry with light scattering referencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2181. [PMID: 33500461 PMCID: PMC7838204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological and functional optoacoustic imaging is enhanced by dedicated transgene reporters, in analogy to fluorescence methods. The development of optoacoustic reporters using protein engineering and directed evolution would be accelerated by high-throughput in-flow screening for intracellular, genetically encoded, optoacoustic contrast. However, accurate characterization of such contrast is impeded because the optoacoustic signals depend on the cell's size and position in the flow chamber. We report herein an optoacoustic flow cytometer (OA-FCM) capable of precise measurement of intracellular optoacoustic signals of genetically-encoded chromoproteins in flow. The novel system records light-scattering as a reference for the detected optoacoustic signals in order to account for cell size and position, as well as excitation light flux in the focal volume, which we use to reference the detected optoacoustic signals to enhance the system's precision. The OA-FCM was calibrated using micrometer-sized particles to showcase the ability to assess in-flow objects in the size range of single-cells. We demonstrate the capabilities of our OA-FCM to identify sub-populations in a mixture of two E. coli stocks expressing different reporter-proteins with a precision of over 90%. High-throughput screening of optoacoustic labels could pave the way for identifying genetically encoded optoacoustic reporters by transferring working concepts of the fluorescence field such as directed evolution and activated cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Seeger
- Chair of Biological Imaging (CBI) and Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andre C Stiel
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging (CBI) and Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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10
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Suo Y, Gu Z, Wei X. Advances of In Vivo Flow Cytometry on Cancer Studies. Cytometry A 2019; 97:15-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Suo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation CenterPeking University Beijing China
- School of Life SciencesPeking University Beijing China
| | - Zhenqin Gu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- School of PhysicsFoshan University Foshan 52800 China
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11
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Karasev MM, Stepanenko OV, Rumyantsev KA, Turoverov KK, Verkhusha VV. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins and Their Applications. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:S32-S50. [PMID: 31213194 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919140037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High transparency, low light-scattering, and low autofluorescence of mammalian tissues in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range (~650-900 nm) open a possibility for in vivo imaging of biological processes at the micro- and macroscales to address basic and applied problems in biology and biomedicine. Recently, probes that absorb and fluoresce in the NIR optical range have been engineered using bacterial phytochromes - natural NIR light-absorbing photoreceptors that regulate metabolism in bacteria. Since the chromophore in all these proteins is biliverdin, a natural product of heme catabolism in mammalian cells, they can be used as genetically encoded fluorescent probes, similarly to GFP-like fluorescent proteins. In this review, we discuss photophysical and biochemical properties of NIR fluorescent proteins, reporters, and biosensors and analyze their characteristics required for expression of these molecules in mammalian cells. Structural features and molecular engineering of NIR fluorescent probes are discussed. Applications of NIR fluorescent proteins and biosensors for studies of molecular processes in cells, as well as for tissue and organ visualization in whole-body imaging in vivo, are described. We specifically focus on the use of NIR fluorescent probes in advanced imaging technologies that combine fluorescence and bioluminescence methods with photoacoustic tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Karasev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia. .,Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - O V Stepanenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
| | - K A Rumyantsev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia. .,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, 111123, Russia
| | - K K Turoverov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia. .,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - V V Verkhusha
- Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland. .,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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12
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Nolan J, Nedosekin DA, Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. Detection of Apoptotic Circulating Tumor Cells Using in vivo Fluorescence Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2018; 95:664-671. [PMID: 30508273 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer patients die from metastatic disease as a result of a circulating tumor cell (CTC) spreading from a primary tumor through the blood circulation to distant organs. Many studies have demonstrated the tremendous potential of using CTC counts as prognostic markers of metastatic development and therapeutic efficacy. However, it is only the viable CTCs capable of surviving in the blood circulation that can create distant metastasis. To date, little progress has been made in understanding what proportion of CTCs is viable and what proportion is in an apoptotic state. Here, we introduce a novel approach toward in situ characterization of CTC apoptosis status using a multicolor in vivo flow cytometry platform with fluorescent detection for the real-time identification and enumeration of such cells directly in blood flow. The proof of concept was demonstrated with two-color fluorescence flow cytometry (FFC) using breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 expressing green fluorescein protein (GFP), staurosporine as an activator of apoptosis, Annexin-V apoptotic kit with orange dye color, and a mouse model. The future application of this new platform for real-time monitoring of antitumor drug efficiency is discussed. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Nolan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Dmitry A Nedosekin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
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13
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Usoltseva LO, Volkov DS, Nedosekin DA, Korobov MV, Proskurnin MA, Zharov VP. Absorption spectra of nanodiamond aqueous dispersions by optical absorption and optoacoustic spectroscopies. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2018; 12:55-66. [PMID: 30450280 PMCID: PMC6222039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The multispectral modality and technique for optically dense samples of optoacoustic spectroscopy were applied to measure spectra and high absorbances of concentrated aqueous dispersions of undoped nanodiamonds. The data from optoacoustic and optical transmission measurements and DSC data of the mean particle size by the Gibbs-Kelvin equation are compared to estimate the difference in composition of various nanodiamond trademarks. Optoacoustic spectra confirm the contribution of surface dimer chains into the absorption of nanodiamonds in the long wavelength range. Optoacoustic and conventional absorption spectra of aqueous solutions of nanodiamond fractions after centrifugation (15300g) and ultracentrifugation (130000g) revealed a separation of a highly absorbing non-diamond sp2 phase. The two-step separation by ultracentrifugation followed by extra centrifugation made it possible to isolate a highly absorbing and soluble nanodiamond phase with the particle size of 3.6 nm, showing a change in spectra compared to the starting nanodiamond material.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Usoltseva
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D S Volkov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D A Nedosekin
- Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - M V Korobov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M A Proskurnin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V P Zharov
- Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
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14
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Zhang P, Zhang M, Yu D, Liu W, Hu L, Zhang B, Zhou Q, Cao Z. Lycorine inhibits melanoma cell migration and metastasis mainly through reducing intracellular levels of β-catenin and matrix metallopeptidase 9. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10566-10575. [PMID: 30565685 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma accounts for 60% of death for skin cancer. Although great efforts have been made to treat the disease, effective drugs against metastatic melanoma still lack at the clinical setting. In the current study, we found that lycorine, a small molecule of isoquinoline alkaloid, significantly suppressed melanoma cell migration and invasion in vitro, and decreased the metastasis of melanoma cells to lung tissues in tumor-bearing mice, resulting in significant prolongation of the survival of the mice without obvious toxicity. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that lycorine significantly reduced intracellular levels of β-catenin protein through degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and decreased the expression of β-catenin downstream prometastatic matrix metallopeptidase 9 and Axin2 genes. Collectively, our findings support the notion that targeting the oncogenic β-catenin by lycorine is a new option to inhibit melanoma cell metastasis, providing a good drug candidate potential for development novel therapeutics against metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Di Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Cao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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15
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Jawad HJ, Sarimollaoglu M, Biris AS, Zharov VP. Dynamic blood flow phantom with negative and positive photoacoustic contrasts. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4702-4713. [PMID: 30319897 PMCID: PMC6179420 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) has great clinical potential for early, noninvasive diagnosis of cancer, infections (e.g., malaria and bacteremia), sickle anemia, and cardiovascular disorders, including stroke prevention through detection of circulating white clots with negative PA contrast. For clinical applications, this diagnostic platform still requires optimization and calibration. We have already demonstrated that this need can be partially addressed by in vivo examination of large mouse blood vessels, which are similar to human vessels used. Here, we present an alternative method for PAFC optimization that utilizes novel, clinically relevant phantoms resembling pigmented skin, tissue, vessels, and flowing blood. This phantom consists of a scattering-absorbing medium with a melanin layer and plastic tube with flowing beads to model light-absorbing red blood cells (RBCs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as well as transparent beads to model white blood cells and clots. Using a laser diode, we demonstrated the extraordinary ability of PAFC to dynamically detect fast-moving mimic CTCs with positive PA contrast and white clots with negative PA contrast in an RBC background. Time-resolved detection of the delayed PA signals from blood vessels demonstrated complete suppression of the PA background from the modeled pigmented skin. This novel, medically relevant, dynamic blood flow phantom can be used to calibrate and maintain PAFC parameters for routine clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind J. Jawad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Alexandru S. Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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16
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Hartmann C, Patil R, Lin CP, Niedre M. Fluorescence detection, enumeration and characterization of single circulating cells in vivo: technology, applications and future prospects. Phys Med Biol 2017; 63:01TR01. [PMID: 29240559 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa98f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are many diseases and biological processes that involve circulating cells in the bloodstream, such as cancer metastasis, immunology, reproductive medicine, and stem cell therapies. This has driven significant interest in new technologies for the study of circulating cells in small animal research models and clinically. Most currently used methods require drawing and enriching blood samples from the body, but these suffer from a number of limitations. In contrast, 'in vivo flow cytometry' (IVFC) refers to set of technologies that allow study of cells directly in the bloodstream of the organism in vivo. In recent years the IVFC field has grown significantly and new techniques have been developed, including fluorescence microscopy, multi-photon, photo-acoustic, and diffuse fluorescence IVFC. In this paper we review recent technical advances in IVFC, with emphasis on instrumentation, contrast mechanisms, and detection sensitivity. We also describe key applications in biomedical research, including cancer research and immunology. Last, we discuss future directions for IVFC, as well as prospects for broader adoption by the biomedical research community and translation to humans clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hartmann
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America. Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Koonce NA, Juratli MA, Cai C, Sarimollaoglu M, Menyaev YA, Dent J, Quick CM, Dings RPM, Nedosekin D, Zharov V, Griffin RJ. Real-time monitoring of circulating tumor cell (CTC) release after nanodrug or tumor radiotherapy using in vivo flow cytometry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:507-512. [PMID: 28822765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive biological readouts of tumor metastatic risk and therapeutic efficacy are needed as healthcare costs rise. CTCs are the source of metastasis in distant organs that are responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Here we demonstrate the acute and long-term effect of vascular disrupting therapies (high-dose radiotherapy and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)) on CTCs released from the primary tumor with a non-invasive real-time in vivo flow cytometry system. Using our innovative flow cytometry platform, we show here that radiation and nanodrug treatment can lead to short term release of CTC from the primary tumor. There was no increase in metastasis frequency or extent between control and TNF-treated mice; however, a significant reduction in lung metastasis was noted in the radiotherapy alone group. Mice treated with both TNF and radiotherapy had a slightly elevated metastatic profile between that of radiation alone and control (untreated) tumors. Possible mechanisms based on therapy specific vessel disruption and cell death are discussed. Overall, CTCs correlated with tumor progression and suggest CTC enumeration described herein may be useful in clinical management of solid tumor malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Koonce
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, Little Rock, AR, USA; National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Mazen A Juratli
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Frankfurt University Hospitals, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Chengzhong Cai
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yulian A Menyaev
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Judith Dent
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Charles M Quick
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Dmitry Nedosekin
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vladimir Zharov
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Robert J Griffin
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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18
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Brunker J, Yao J, Laufer J, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustic imaging using genetically encoded reporters: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:2645343. [PMID: 28717818 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.7.070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded contrast in photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is complementary to the intrinsic contrast provided by endogenous absorbing chromophores such as hemoglobin. The use of reporter genes expressing absorbing proteins opens the possibility of visualizing dynamic cellular and molecular processes. This is an enticing prospect but brings with it challenges and limitations associated with generating and detecting different types of reporters. The purpose of this review is to compare existing PAI reporters and signal detection strategies, thereby offering a practical guide, particularly for the nonbiologist, to choosing the most appropriate reporter for maximum sensitivity in the biological and technological system of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brunker
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Junjie Yao
- Duke University, Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jan Laufer
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Physik, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Nedosekin DA, Fahmi T, Nima ZA, Nolan J, Cai C, Sarimollaoglu M, Dervishi E, Basnakian A, Biris AS, Zharov VP. Photoacoustic in vitro flow cytometry for nanomaterial research. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2017; 6:16-25. [PMID: 28417068 PMCID: PMC5387917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional flow cytometry is a versatile tool for drug research and cell characterization. However, it is poorly suited for quantification of non-fluorescent proteins and artificial nanomaterials without the use of additional labeling. The rapid growth of biomedical applications for small non-fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery and contrast and therapy enhancement, as well as research focused on natural cell pigments and chromophores, demands high-throughput quantification methods for the non-fluorescent components. In this work, we present a novel photoacoustic (PA) fluorescence flow cytometry (PAFFC) platform that combines NP quantification though PA detection with conventional in vitro flow cytometry sample characterization using fluorescence labeling. PAFFC simplifies high-throughput analysis of cell-NP interactions, optimization of targeted nanodrugs, and NP toxicity assessment, providing a direct correlation between NP uptake and characterization of toxicity markers for every cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Tariq Fahmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
- National Toxicology Research Center, U.S. Foods and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72132, United States
| | - Zeid A. Nima
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States
| | - Jacqueline Nolan
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Chengzhong Cai
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
- National Toxicology Research Center, U.S. Foods and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72132, United States
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Enkeleda Dervishi
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, United States
| | - Alexei Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Alexandru S. Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
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20
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Nedosekin DA, Nolan J, Cai C, Bourdo SE, Nima Z, Biris AS, Zharov VP. In vivo noninvasive analysis of graphene nanomaterial pharmacokinetics using photoacoustic flow cytometry. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1297-1304. [PMID: 28524252 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) are quickly revolutionizing modern electronics, energy generation and storage, clothing and biomedical devices. Due to GBN's variety of physical and chemical parameters that define their toxicity and their aggregation in suspension, interpreting its toxicology without accurate information on graphene's distribution and behavior in live organisms is challenging. In this work, we present a laser-based optical detection methodology for noninvasive detection and pharmacokinetics analysis of GBNs directly in blood flow in mice using in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC). PAFC provides unique insight on how chemical modifications of GBNs affect their distribution in blood circulation and how quickly they are eliminated from the flow. Overall, PAFC provided unique data crucial for understanding GBN toxicity through real-time detection of GBNs using their intrinsic light absorption contrast. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jacqueline Nolan
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Chengzhong Cai
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.,National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72132, USA
| | - Shawn E Bourdo
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
| | - Zeid Nima
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
| | - Alexandru S Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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21
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Chernov KG, Redchuk TA, Omelina ES, Verkhusha VV. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins, Biosensors, and Optogenetic Tools Engineered from Phytochromes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6423-6446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G. Chernov
- Department
of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Taras A. Redchuk
- Department
of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Evgeniya S. Omelina
- Department
of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Vladislav V. Verkhusha
- Department
of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Department
of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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22
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Maceiczyk R, Shimizu H, Müller D, Kitamori T, deMello A. A Photothermal Spectrometer for Fast and Background-Free Detection of Individual Nanoparticles in Flow. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1994-1999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Maceiczyk
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hisashi Shimizu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - David Müller
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Takehiko Kitamori
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Andrew deMello
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Huang X, O'Connor R, Kwizera EA. Gold Nanoparticle Based Platforms for Circulating Cancer Marker Detection. Nanotheranostics 2017; 1:80-102. [PMID: 28217434 PMCID: PMC5313055 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.18216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of cancer-related circulating biomarkers in body fluids has become a cutting-edge technology that has the potential to noninvasively screen cancer, diagnose cancer at early stage, monitor tumor progression, and evaluate therapy responses. Traditional molecular and cellular detection methods are either insensitive for early cancer intervention or technically costly and complicated making them impractical for typical clinical settings. Due to their exceptional structural and functional properties that are not available from bulk materials or discrete molecules, nanotechnology is opening new horizons for low cost, rapid, highly sensitive, and highly specific detection of circulating cancer markers. Gold nanoparticles have emerged as a unique nanoplatform for circulating biomarker detection owning to their advantages of easy synthesis, facile surface chemistry, excellent biocompatibility, and remarkable structure and environment sensitive optical properties. In this review, we introduce current gold nanoparticle-based technology platforms for the detection of four major classes of circulating cancer markers - circulating tumor cells, vesicles, nucleic acids, and proteins. The techniques will be summarized in terms of signal detection strategies. Distinctive examples are provided to highlight the state-of-the-art technologies that significantly advance basic and clinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152
| | - Ryan O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152
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24
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In Vivo Flow Cytometry of Circulating Tumor-Associated Exosomes. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2016; 2016:1628057. [PMID: 27965916 PMCID: PMC5124641 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1628057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) demonstrated the potential as prognostic markers of metastatic development. However, the incurable metastasis can already be developed at the time of initial diagnosis with the existing CTC assays. Alternatively, tumor-associated particles (CTPs) including exosomes can be a more valuable prognostic marker because they can be released from the primary tumor long before CTCs and in larger amount. However, little progress has been made in high sensitivity detection of CTPs, especially in vivo. We show here that in vivo integrated photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence flow cytometry (PAFFC) platform can provide the detection of melanoma and breast-cancer-associated single CTPs with endogenously expressed melanin and genetically engineered proteins or exogenous dyes as PA and fluorescent contrast agents. The two-beam, time-of-light PAFFC can measure the sizes of CTCs and CTPs and identify bulk and rolling CTCs and CTC clusters, with no influence on blood flow instability. This technique revealed a higher concentration of CTPs than CTCs at an early cancer stage. Because a single tumor cell can release many CTPs and in vivo PAFFC can examine the whole blood volume, PAFFC diagnostic platform has the potential to dramatically improve (up to 105-fold) the sensitivity of cancer diagnosis.
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Lee H, Kim H, Nguyen TP, Chang JH, Kim SY, Kim H, Kang E. Nanocomposites of Molybdenum Disulfide/Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-co-Polypyrrole for Amplified Photoacoustic Signal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29213-29219. [PMID: 27753478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic activity is the generation of an ultrasonic signal via thermal expansion or bubble formation, stimulated by laser irradiation. Photoacoustic nanoplatforms have recently gained focus for application in bioelectric interfaces. Various photoacoustic material types have been evaluated, including gold nanoparticles, semiconductive π-conjugating polymers (SP), etc. In this study, surfactant-free methoxy-polyethylene glycol-co-polypyrrole copolymer (mPEG-co-PPyr) nanoparticles (NPs) and mPEG-co-PPyr NP/molybdenum disulfide (mPEG-co-PPyr/MoS2) nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared and their photoacoustic activity was demonstrated. The mPEG-co-PPyr NPs and mPEG-co-PPyr/MoS2 NCs both showed photoacoustic signal activity. The mPEG-co-PPyr/MoS2 NCs presented a higher photoacoustic signal amplitude at 700 nm than the mPEG-co-PPyr NPs. The enhanced photoacoustic activity of the mPEG-co-PPyr/MoS2 NCs might be attributed to heterogeneous interfacial contact between mPEG-co-PPyr and the MoS2 nanosheets due to complex formation. Laser ablation of MoS2 might elevate the local temperature and facilitate the thermal conductive transfer in the mPEG-co-PPyr/MoS2 NCs, amplifying PA signal. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates enhanced PA activity in SP/transition metal disulfide (TMD) composites as photoacoustic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thang Phan Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University , 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Soo Young Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University , 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Eunah Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University , 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry for Single Sickle Cell Detection In Vitro and In Vivo. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2016; 2016:2642361. [PMID: 27699143 PMCID: PMC5028878 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2642361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of sickle cell disease (SCD) stage and treatment efficiency are still time-consuming which makes well-timed prevention of SCD crisis difficult. We show here that in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) has a potential for real-time monitoring of circulating sickled cells in mouse model. In vivo data were verified by in vitro PAFC and photothermal (PT) and PA spectral imaging of sickle red blood cells (sRBCs) expressing SCD-associated hemoglobin (HbS) compared to normal red blood cells (nRBCs). We discovered that PT and PA signal amplitudes from sRBCs in linear mode were 2–4-fold lower than those from nRBCs. PT and PA imaging revealed more profound spatial hemoglobin heterogeneity in sRBCs than in nRBCs, which can be associated with the presence of HbS clusters with high local absorption. This hypothesis was confirmed in nonlinear mode through nanobubble formation around overheated HbS clusters accompanied by spatially selective signal amplification. More profound differences in absorption of sRBCs than in nRBCs led to notable increase in PA signal fluctuation (fluctuation PAFC mode) as an indicator of SCD. The obtained data suggest that noninvasive label-free fluctuation PAFC has a potential for real-time enumeration of sRBCs both in vitro and in vivo.
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Cai C, Carey KA, Nedosekin DA, Menyaev YA, Sarimollaoglu M, Galanzha EI, Stumhofer JS, Zharov VP. In vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry for early malaria diagnosis. Cytometry A 2016; 89:531-42. [PMID: 27078044 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) has already demonstrated a great potential for the diagnosis of deadly diseases through ultrasensitive detection of rare disease-associated circulating markers in whole blood volume. Here, we demonstrate the first application of this powerful technique for early diagnosis of malaria through label-free detection of malaria parasite-produced hemozoin in infected red blood cells (iRBCs) as high-contrast PA agent. The existing malaria tests using blood smears can detect the disease at 0.001-0.1% of parasitemia. On the contrary, linear PAFC showed a potential for noninvasive malaria diagnosis at an extremely low level of parasitemia of 0.0000001%, which is ∼10(3) times better than the existing tests. Multicolor time-of-flight PAFC with high-pulse repetition rate lasers at wavelengths of 532, 671, and 820 nm demonstrated rapid spectral and spatial identification and quantitative enumeration of individual iRBCs. Integration of PAFC with fluorescence flow cytometry (FFC) provided real-time simultaneous detection of single iRBCs and parasites expressing green fluorescence proteins, respectively. A combination of linear and nonlinear nanobubble-based multicolor PAFC showed capability to real-time control therapy efficiency by counting of iRBCs before, during, and after treatment. Our results suggest that high-sensitivity, high-resolution ultrafast PAFC-FFC platform represents a powerful research tool to provide the insight on malaria progression through dynamic study of parasite-cell interactions directly in bloodstream, whereas portable hand-worn PAFC device could be broadly used in humans for early malaria diagnosis. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhong Cai
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079
| | - Kai A Carey
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Dmitry A Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Yulian A Menyaev
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Jason S Stumhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
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Bhana S, Wang Y, Huang X. Nanotechnology for enrichment and detection of circulating tumor cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1973-90. [PMID: 26139129 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a hallmark of invasive behavior of cancer, responsible for the development of metastasis. Their detection and analysis have significant impacts in cancer biology and clinical practice. However, CTCs are rare events and contain heterogeneous subpopulations, requiring highly sensitive and specific techniques to identify and capture CTCs with high efficiency. Nanotechnology shows strong promises for CTC enrichment and detection owning to the unique structural and functional properties of nanoscale materials. In this review, we discuss the CTC enrichment and detection technologies based on a variety of functional nanosystems and nanostructured substrates, with the goal to highlight the role of nanotechnology in the advancement of basic and clinical CTC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheel Bhana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Gottschalk S, Estrada H, Degtyaruk O, Rebling J, Klymenko O, Rosemann M, Razansky D. Short and long-term phototoxicity in cells expressing genetic reporters under nanosecond laser exposure. Biomaterials 2015; 69:38-44. [PMID: 26280948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond-duration laser pulses are exploited in a plethora of therapeutic and diagnostic applications, such as optoacoustic imaging. However, phototoxicity effects of pulsed radiation in living cells, in particular those expressing genetic reporters, are not well understood. We established a three-dimensional fluorescent protein expressing cellular model in order to reliably investigate the extent and major exposure parameters responsible for both photobleaching and phototoxicity under pulsed laser exposure, unveiling a variety of possible effects on living cells, from reversible photobleaching to cytotoxicity and cell death. Significant losses of fluorescence levels were identified when exposing the cells to illumination conditions considered safe under common standards for skin exposure in diagnostic imaging applications. Thus, the use of photolabile fluorescent proteins and their in vivo exposure parameters have to be designed carefully for all applications using pulsed nanosecond radiation. In particular, loss of signal due to bleaching may significantly alter signals in longitudinal measurements, making data quantification challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Héctor Estrada
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Oleksiy Degtyaruk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Johannes Rebling
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München 81675, Germany
| | - Olena Klymenko
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München 81675, Germany.
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Abstract
Circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) represent critical mediators of metastatic melanoma progression. However, isolation and characterization of CMCs has been challenging due to the low frequency of these cells and the paucity of melanoma-specific cell surface markers. Herein, we describe a method for the isolation of CMCs that employs two independent markers, displays high sensitivity for CMC enrichment, and can be readily adapted to include additional molecular melanoma markers of interest. CMCs isolated by this method are enriched for ABCB5-positive melanoma stem cells, are tumorigenic in xenotransplantation assays, and can be used for phenotypical, genetic, and functional investigations of CMC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Transplantation Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Transplantation Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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31
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Juratli MA, Siegel ER, Nedosekin DA, Sarimollaoglu M, Jamshidi-Parsian A, Cai C, Menyaev YA, Suen JY, Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. In Vivo Long-Term Monitoring of Circulating Tumor Cells Fluctuation during Medical Interventions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137613. [PMID: 26367280 PMCID: PMC4569172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to study the long-term impact of medical interventions on circulating tumor cell (CTC) dynamics. We have explored whether tumor compression, punch biopsy or tumor resection cause dissemination of CTCs into peripheral blood circulation using in vivo fluorescent flow cytometry and breast cancer-bearing mouse model inoculated with MDA-MB-231-Luc2-GFP cells in the mammary gland. Two weeks after tumor inoculation, three groups of mice were the subject of the following interventions: (1) tumor compression for 15 minutes using 400 g weight to approximate the pressure during mammography; (2) punch biopsy; or (3) surgery. The CTC dynamics were determined before, during and six weeks after these interventions. An additional group of tumor-bearing mice was used as control and did not receive an intervention. The CTC dynamics in all mice were monitored weekly for eight weeks after tumor inoculation. We determined that tumor compression did not significantly affect CTC dynamics, either during the procedure itself (P = 0.28), or during the 6-week follow-up. In the punch biopsy group, we observed a significant increase in CTC immediately after the biopsy (P = 0.02), and the rate stayed elevated up to six weeks after the procedure in comparison to the tumor control group. The CTCs in the group of mice that received a tumor resection disappeared immediately after the surgery (P = 0.03). However, CTC recurrence in small numbers was detected during six weeks after the surgery. In the future, to prevent these side effects of medical interventions, the defined dynamics of intervention-induced CTCs may be used as a basis for initiation of aggressive anti-CTC therapy at time-points of increasing CTC number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen A. Juratli
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric R. Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Chengzhong Cai
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Yulian A. Menyaev
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - James Y. Suen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
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Nedosekin DA, Foster S, Nima ZA, Biris AS, Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. Photothermal confocal multicolor microscopy of nanoparticles and nanodrugs in live cells. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:346-55. [PMID: 26133539 PMCID: PMC5841921 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1058818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing biomedical applications of non-fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for molecular imaging, disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and theranostics require new tools for real-time detection of nanomaterials, drug nano-carriers, and NP-drug conjugates (nanodrugs) in complex biological environments without additional labeling. Photothermal (PT) microscopy (PTM) has enormous potential for absorption-based identification and quantification of non-fluorescent molecules and NPs at a single molecule and 1.4 nm gold NP level. Recently, we have developed confocal PTM providing three-dimensional (3D) mapping and spectral identification of multiple chromophores and fluorophores in live cells. Here, we summarize recent advances in the application of confocal multicolor PTM for 3D visualization of single and clustered NPs, alone and in individual cells. In particular, we demonstrate identification of functionalized magnetic and gold-silver NPs, as well as graphene and carbon nanotubes in cancer cells and among blood cells. The potential to use PTM for super-resolution imaging (down to 50 nm), real-time NP tracking, guidance of PT nanotherapy, and multiplex cancer markers targeting, as well as analysis of non-linear PT phenomena and amplification of nanodrug efficacy through NP clustering and nano-bubble formation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Stephen Foster
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Zeid A. Nima
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, USA
| | - Alexandru S. Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, USA
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR 72205
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Suo Y, Liu T, Xie C, Wei D, Tan X, Wu L, Wang X, He H, Shi G, Wei X, Shi C. Near infrared in vivo flow cytometry for tracking fluorescent circulating cells. Cytometry A 2015; 87:878-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Suo
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Chengying Xie
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Dan Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Liao Wu
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Hao He
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Guohua Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics; Chengdu 610209 China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Optics and Electronics, The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics; Chengdu 610209 China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
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Shcherbakova DM, Baloban M, Verkhusha VV. Near-infrared fluorescent proteins engineered from bacterial phytochromes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 27:52-63. [PMID: 26115447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescent proteins (NIR FPs), photoactivatable NIR FPs and NIR reporters of protein-protein interactions developed from bacterial phytochrome photoreceptors (BphPs) have advanced non-invasive deep-tissue imaging. Here we provide a brief guide to the BphP-derived NIR probes with an emphasis on their in vivo applications. We describe phenotypes of NIR FPs and their photochemical and intracellular properties. We discuss NIR FP applications for imaging of various cell types, tissues and animal models in basic and translational research. In this discussion, we focus on NIR FPs that efficiently incorporate endogenous biliverdin chromophore and therefore can be used as straightforward as GFP-like proteins. We also overview a usage of NIR FPs in different imaging platforms, from planar epifluorescence to tomographic and photoacoustic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M Shcherbakova
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mikhail Baloban
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
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35
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Proskurnin MA, Volkov DS, Gor’kova TA, Bendrysheva SN, Smirnova AP, Nedosekin DA. Advances in thermal lens spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Saha RK. Computational modeling of photoacoustic signals from mixtures of melanoma and red blood cells. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 136:2039-2049. [PMID: 25324102 DOI: 10.1121/1.4894794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical approach to model photoacoustic (PA) signals from mixtures of melanoma cells (MCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) is discussed. The PA signal from a cell approximated as a fluid sphere was evaluated using a frequency domain method. The tiny signals from individual cells were summed up obtaining the resultant PA signal. The local signal to noise ratio for a MC was about 5.32 and 5.40 for 639 and 822 nm illuminations, respectively. The PA amplitude exhibited a monotonic rise with increasing number of MCs for each incident radiation. The power spectral lines also demonstrated similar variations over a large frequency range (5-200 MHz). For instance, spectral intensity was observed to be 5.5 and 4.0 dB greater at 7.5 MHz for a diseased sample containing 1 MC and 22,952 RBCs than a normal sample composed of 22,958 RBCs at those irradiations, respectively. The envelope histograms generated from PA signals for mixtures of small numbers of MCs and large numbers of RBCs seemed to obey pre-Rayleigh statistics. The generalized gamma distribution found to facilitate better fits to the histograms than the Rayleigh and Nakagami distributions. The model provides a means to study PAs from mixtures of different populations of absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan K Saha
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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37
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Wide-field imaging and flow cytometric analysis of cancer cells in blood by fluorescent nanodiamond labeling and time gating. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5574. [PMID: 24994610 PMCID: PMC4081895 DOI: 10.1038/srep05574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds containing high density ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers are promising fluorescent biomarkers due to their excellent photostability and biocompatibility. The NV− centers in the particles have a fluorescence lifetime of up to 20 ns, which distinctly differs from those (<10 ns) of cell and tissue autofluorescence, making it possible to achieve background-free detection in vivo by time gating. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of using fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) as optical labels for wide-field time-gated fluorescence imaging and flow cytometric analysis of cancer cells with a nanosecond intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) as the detector. The combined technique has allowed us to acquire fluorescence images of FND-labeled HeLa cells in whole blood covered with a chicken breast of ~0.1-mm thickness at the single cell level, and to detect individual FND-labeled HeLa cells in blood flowing through a microfluidic device at a frame rate of 23 Hz, as well as to locate and trace FND-labeled lung cancer cells in the blood vessels of a mouse ear. It opens a new window for real-time imaging and tracking of transplanted cells (such as stem cells) in vivo.
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Nedosekin DA, Verkhusha VV, Melerzanov AV, Zharov VP, Galanzha EI. In vivo photoswitchable flow cytometry for direct tracking of single circulating tumor cells. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:792-801. [PMID: 24816228 PMCID: PMC4174400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (PSFPs) that change their color in response to light have led to breakthroughs in studying static cells. However, using PSFPs to study cells in dynamic conditions is challenging. Here we introduce a method for in vivo ultrafast photoswitching of PSFPs that provides labeling and tracking of single circulating cells. Using in vivo multicolor flow cytometry, this method demonstrated the capability for studying recirculation, migration, and distribution of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) during metastasis progression. In tumor-bearing mice, it enabled monitoring of real-time dynamics of CTCs released from primary tumor, identifying dormant cells, and imaging of CTCs colonizing a primary tumor (self-seeding) or existing metastasis (reseeding). Integration of genetically encoded PSFPs, fast photoswitching, flow cytometry, and imaging makes in vivo single cell analysis in the circulation feasible to provide insights into the behavior of CTCs and potentially immune-related and bacterial cells in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Nedosekin
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alexander V Melerzanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Inststitutskii pereulok, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Inststitutskii pereulok, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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39
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Krumholz A, Shcherbakova DM, Xia J, Wang LV, Verkhusha VV. Multicontrast photoacoustic in vivo imaging using near-infrared fluorescent proteins. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3939. [PMID: 24487319 PMCID: PMC3909896 DOI: 10.1038/srep03939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging of biological processes in vivo is invaluable in advancing biology. Photoacoustic tomography is a scalable imaging technique that provides higher resolution at greater depths in tissue than achievable by purely optical methods. Here we report the application of two spectrally distinct near-infrared fluorescent proteins, iRFP670 and iRFP720, engineered from bacterial phytochromes, as photoacoustic contrast agents. iRFPs provide tissue-specific contrast without the need for delivery of any additional substances. Compared to conventional GFP-like red-shifted fluorescent proteins, iRFP670 and iRFP720 demonstrate stronger photoacoustic signals at longer wavelengths, and can be spectrally resolved from each other and hemoglobin. We simultaneously visualized two differently labeled tumors, one with iRFP670 and the other with iRFP720, as well as blood vessels. We acquired images of a mouse as 2D sections of a whole animal, and as localized 3D volumetric images with high contrast and sub-millimeter resolution at depths up to 8 mm. Our results suggest iRFPs are genetically-encoded probes of choice for simultaneous photoacoustic imaging of several tissues or processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Krumholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Daria M. Shcherbakova
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Vladislav V. Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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40
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Juratli MA, Sarimollaoglu M, Nedosekin DA, Melerzanov AV, Zharov VP, Galanzha EI. Dynamic Fluctuation of Circulating Tumor Cells during Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:128-42. [PMID: 24434542 PMCID: PMC3980600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for metastatic tumors. We demonstrate that CTCs' diagnostic value might be increased through real-time monitoring of CTC dynamics. Using preclinical animal models of breast cancer and melanoma and in vivo flow cytometry with photoacoustic and fluorescence detection schematics, we show that CTC count does not always correlate with the primary tumor size. Individual analysis elucidated many cases where the highest level of CTCs was detected before the primary tumor starts progressing. This phenomenon could be attributed to aggressive tumors developing from cancer stem cells. Furthermore, real-time continuous monitoring of CTCs reveals that they occur at highly variable rates in a detection point over a period of time (e.g., a range of 0-54 CTCs per 5 min). These same fluctuations in CTC numbers were observed in vivo in epithelial and non-epithelial metastatic tumors, in different stages of tumor progression, and in different vessels. These temporal CTC fluctuations can explain false negative results of a one-time snapshot test in humans. Indeed, we observed wide variations in the number of CTCs in subsequent blood samples taken from the same metastatic melanoma patient, with some samples being CTC-free. If these phenomena are confirmed in our ongoing in vivo clinical trials, this could support a personalized strategy of CTC monitoring for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen A Juratli
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Dmitry A Nedosekin
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Alexander V Melerzanov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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41
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Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. Circulating Tumor Cell Detection and Capture by Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry in Vivo and ex Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1691-738. [PMID: 24335964 PMCID: PMC3875961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs), existing assays still have low sensitivity (1-10 CTC/mL) due to the small volume of blood samples (5-10 mL). Consequently, they can miss up to 103-104 CTCs, resulting in the development of barely treatable metastasis. Here we analyze a new concept of in vivo CTC detection with enhanced sensitivity (up to 102-103 times) by the examination of the entire blood volume in vivo (5 L in adults). We focus on in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) of CTCs using label-free or targeted detection, photoswitchable nanoparticles with ultrasharp PA resonances, magnetic trapping with fiber-magnetic-PA probes, optical clearance, real-time spectral identification, nonlinear signal amplification, and the integration with PAFC in vitro. We demonstrate PAFC's capability to detect rare leukemia, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and bulk and stem breast CTCs and its clusters in preclinical animal models in blood, lymph, bone, and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the release of CTCs from primary tumors triggered by palpation, biopsy or surgery, increasing the risk of metastasis. CTC lifetime as a balance between intravasation and extravasation rates was in the range of 0.5-4 h depending on a CTC metastatic potential. We introduced theranostics of CTCs as an integration of nanobubble-enhanced PA diagnosis, photothermal therapy, and feedback through CTC counting. In vivo data were verified with in vitro PAFC demonstrating a higher sensitivity (1 CTC/40 mL) and throughput (up to 10 mL/min) than conventional assays. Further developments include detection of circulating cancer-associated microparticles, and super-rsesolution PAFC beyond the diffraction and spectral limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; E-Mail:
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
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Juratli MA, Sarimollaoglu M, Siegel ER, Nedosekin DA, Galanzha EI, Suen JY, Zharov VP. Real-time monitoring of circulating tumor cell release during tumor manipulation using in vivo photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry. Head Neck 2013; 36:1207-15. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen A. Juratli
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories at the Arkansas Nanomedicine Center; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Philipps University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories at the Arkansas Nanomedicine Center; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Eric R. Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories at the Arkansas Nanomedicine Center; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories at the Arkansas Nanomedicine Center; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - James Y. Suen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories at the Arkansas Nanomedicine Center; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
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43
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Nedosekin DA, Juratli MA, Sarimollaoglu M, Moore CL, Rusch NJ, Smeltzer MS, Zharov VP, Galanzha EI. Photoacoustic and photothermal detection of circulating tumor cells, bacteria and nanoparticles in cerebrospinal fluid in vivo and ex vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:523-33. [PMID: 23681943 PMCID: PMC3954749 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cells, bacteria, proteins, microparticles, and DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are excellent biomarkers of many diseases, including cancer and infections. However, the sensitivity of existing methods is limited in their ability to detect rare CSF biomarkers at the treatable, early-stage of diseases. Here, we introduce novel CSF tests based on in vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC) and ex vivo photothermal scanning cytometry. In the CSF of tumor-bearing mice, we molecularly detected in vivo circulating tumor cells (CTCs) before the development of breast cancer brain metastasis with 20-times higher sensitivity than with current assays. For the first time, we demonstrated assessing three pathways (i.e., blood, lymphatic, and CSF) of CTC dissemination, tracking nanoparticles in CSF in vivo and their imaging ex vivo. In label-free CSF samples, we counted leukocytes, erythrocytes, melanoma cells, and bacteria and imaged intracellular cytochromes, hemoglobin, melanin, and carotenoids, respectively. Taking into account the safety of PAFC, its translation for use in humans is expected to improve disease diagnosis beyond conventional detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Mazen A. Juratli
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Christopher L. Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Nancy J. Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Mark S. Smeltzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
- Correspondence to: Dr. Ekaterina I. Galanzha, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot #543, Little Rock, AR 72205, Phone: (501) 603-1213
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Kim JW, Galanzha EI, Zaharoff DA, Griffin RJ, Zharov VP. Nanotheranostics of circulating tumor cells, infections and other pathological features in vivo. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:813-30. [PMID: 23379366 DOI: 10.1021/mp300577s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many life-threatening diseases are disseminated through biological fluids, such as blood, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid. The migration of tumor cells through the vascular circulation is a mandatory step in metastasis, which is responsible for ∼90% of cancer-associated mortality. Circulating pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or blood clots lead to other serious conditions including bacteremia, sepsis, viremia, infarction, and stroke. Therefore, technologies capable of detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating bacterial cells (CBCs), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulating blood clots, cancer biomarkers such as microparticles and exosomes, which contain important microRNA signatures, and other abnormal features such as malaria parasites in biological fluids may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of metastatic cancers, infections, and adverse cardiovascular events. Unfortunately, even in a disease setting, circulating abnormal cells are rare events that are easily obscured by the overwhelming background material in whole blood. Existing detection methods mostly rely on ex vivo analyses of limited volumes (a few milliliters) of blood samples. These small volumes limit the probability of detecting CTCs, CECs, CBCs and other rare phenomena. In vivo detection platforms capable of continuously monitoring the entire blood volume may substantially increase the probability of detecting circulating abnormal cells and, in particular, increase the opportunity to identify exceedingly rare and potentially dangerous subsets of these cells, such as circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs). In addition, in vivo detection technologies capable of destroying and/or capturing circulating abnormal cells may inhibit disease progression. This review focuses on novel therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) platforms integrating in vivo real-time early diagnosis and nano-bubble based targeted therapy of CTCs, CECs, CBCs and other abnormal objects in circulation. This critical review particularly focuses on nanotechnology-based theranostic (nanotheranostic) approaches, especially in vivo photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) nanotheranostic platforms. We emphasize an urgent need for in vivo platforms composed of multifunctional contrast nanoagents, which utilize diverse modalities to realize a breakthrough for early detection and treatment of harmful diseases disseminated through the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Kim
- Bio/Nano Technology Laboratory, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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