1
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Barya P, Xiong Y, Shepherd S, Gupta R, Akin LD, Tibbs J, Lee HK, Singamaneni S, Cunningham BT. Photonic-Plasmonic Coupling Enhanced Fluorescence Enabling Digital-Resolution Ultrasensitive Protein Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207239. [PMID: 37104850 PMCID: PMC10603207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Assays utilizing fluorophores are common throughout life science research and diagnostics, although detection limits are generally limited by weak emission intensity, thus requiring many labeled target molecules to combine their output to achieve higher signal-to-noise. We describe how the synergistic coupling of plasmonic and photonic modes can significantly boost the emission from fluorophores. By optimally matching the resonant modes of a plasmonic fluor (PF) nanoparticle and a photonic crystal (PC) with the absorption and emission spectrum of the fluorescent dye, a 52-fold improvement in signal intensity is observed, enabling individual PFs to be observed and digitally counted, where one PF tag represents one detected target molecule. The amplification can be attributed to the strong near-field enhancement due to the cavity-induced activation of the PF, PC band structure-mediated improvement in collection efficiency, and increased rate of spontaneous emission. The applicability of the method by dose-response characterization of a sandwich immunoassay for human interleukin-6, a biomarker used to assist diagnosis of cancer, inflammation, sepsis, and autoimmune disease is demonstrated. A limit of detection of 10 fg mL-1 and 100 fg mL-1 in buffer and human plasma respectively, is achieved, representing a capability nearly three orders of magnitude lower than standard immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyash Barya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Ilinois, 61801, USA
| | - Yanyu Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Ilinois, 61801, USA
| | - Skye Shepherd
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Ilinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Lucas D. Akin
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Ilinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Tibbs
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Ilinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Han Keun Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Ilinois, 61801, USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Ilinois, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Ilinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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2
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Angelini M, Manobianco E, Pellacani P, Floris F, Marabelli F. Refractive Index Dependence of Fluorescence Enhancement in a Nanostructured Plasmonic Grating. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1289. [PMID: 36770293 PMCID: PMC9920896 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gratings are attracting huge interest in the context of realizing sensors based on surface-enhanced fluorescence. The grating features control the plasmonic modes and consequently have a strong effect on the fluorescence response. Within this framework, we focused on the use of a buffer solution flowing across the grating active surface to mimic a real measurement. The refractive index of the surrounding medium is therefore altered, with a consequent modification of the resonance conditions. The result is a shift in the spectral features of the fluorescence emission accompanied by a reshaping of the fluorescence emission in terms of spectral weight and direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Pellacani
- Plasmore S.r.l, Via Vittorio Emanuele II 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Floris
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Franco Marabelli
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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3
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Mahata T, Mohan Das G, Ramanaiah Dantham V. Study of surface enhanced fluorescence of CdSeS/ZnS alloyed quantum dots using cytop layer as a dielectric spacer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 283:121739. [PMID: 35985224 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the surface enhanced fluorescence technique has been helpful for several biological applications. Some researchers have reported the SEF of fluorophores such as dye molecules and QDs using dielectric spacers formed by several approaches. Herein, for the first time, we report the SEF spectra of CdSeS/ZnS alloyed quantum dots (QDs) that have high photostability, less toxicity, and high biocompatibility. Interestingly, the thin cytop layers formed by a simple approach are used as "dielectric spacers" between Au nanoparticles in the plasmon-active substrate (PAS) and the QDs. For comparison, the spectra of QDs dispersed directly on (i) bare PAS, (ii) bare glass substrate, and (iii) cytop coated glass substrate are also recorded. The enhancement factor is found to vary from one to two orders of magnitude. Since the SEF enhancement depends on the electric field intensity enhancement (EFIE) in the PASs, Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations are performed to estimate the EFIE and its dependence on the thickness of the cytop layer and size of the nanogap between nanoparticles in the PASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Mahata
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801103, India
| | - Gour Mohan Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801103, India
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4
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Priya S, Mandal A, Dantham VR. Indium nanoparticle-based surface enhanced fluorescence from deep ultraviolet to near-infrared: A theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120603. [PMID: 34844854 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, for the first time, we report a theoretical investigation on Indium nanoparticle-based surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) from deep ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR). In the beginning, the far- and near-field plasmonic properties of the Indium nanospheres of different sizes are studied to extract the wavelengths of lower and higher-order localized surface plasmon modes and the corresponding local electric field enhancement (EFE) values. Later, the dependence of the SEF enhancement with the separation between the fluorophore and nanoparticle (d), fluorescence, and excitation wavelengths is studied systematically. The role of the surrounding medium on plasmon mode wavelength and the SEF enhancement is also shown. Moreover, the effect of d and fluorescence wavelength on the average SEF enhancement is investigated. Finally, the variation in the plasmonic properties after thin dielectric coating on the surface of single Indium nanospheres is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandh Priya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801103, India
| | - Amartya Mandal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801103, India
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5
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Liu L, Jiang H, Wang X. Functionalized gold nanomaterials as biomimetic nanozymes and biosensing actuators. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Koya A, Zhu X, Ohannesian N, Yanik AA, Alabastri A, Proietti Zaccaria R, Krahne R, Shih WC, Garoli D. Nanoporous Metals: From Plasmonic Properties to Applications in Enhanced Spectroscopy and Photocatalysis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6038-6060. [PMID: 33797880 PMCID: PMC8155319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The field of plasmonics is capable of enabling interesting applications in different wavelength ranges, spanning from the ultraviolet up to the infrared. The choice of plasmonic material and how the material is nanostructured has significant implications for ultimate performance of any plasmonic device. Artificially designed nanoporous metals (NPMs) have interesting material properties including large specific surface area, distinctive optical properties, high electrical conductivity, and reduced stiffness, implying their potentials for many applications. This paper reviews the wide range of available nanoporous metals (such as Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Mg, and Pt), mainly focusing on their properties as plasmonic materials. While extensive reports on the use and characterization of NPMs exist, a detailed discussion on their connection with surface plasmons and enhanced spectroscopies as well as photocatalysis is missing. Here, we report on different metals investigated, from the most used nanoporous gold to mixed metal compounds, and discuss each of these plasmonic materials' suitability for a range of structural design and applications. Finally, we discuss the potentials and limitations of the traditional and alternative plasmonic materials for applications in enhanced spectroscopy and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangchao Zhu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nareg Ohannesian
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston Texas 77204, United States
| | - A. Ali Yanik
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Remo Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Cixi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Faculty of
Science and Technology, Free University
of Bozen, Piazza Università
5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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7
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Ohannesian N, Li J, Misbah I, Zhao F, Shih WC. Directed Concentrating of Micro-/Nanoparticles via Near-Infrared Laser Generated Plasmonic Microbubbles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32481-32489. [PMID: 33376885 PMCID: PMC7758966 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Directed concentrating of micro- and nanoparticles via laser-generated plasmonic microbubbles in a liquid environment is an emerging technology. For effective heating, visible light has been primarily employed in existing demonstrations. In this paper, we demonstrate a new plasmonic platform based on nanoporous gold disk (NPGD) array. Thanks to the highly tunable localized surface plasmon resonance of the NPGD array, microbubbles of controlled size can be generated by near-infrared (NIR) light. Using NIR light provides several key advantages over visible light in less interference with standard microscopy and fluorescence imaging, preventing fluorescence photobleaching, less susceptible to absorption and scattering in turbid biological media, and much reduced photochemistry, phototoxicity, and so forth. The large surface-to-volume ratio of NPGD further facilitates the heat transfer from these gold nanoheaters to the surroundings. While the microbubble is formed, the surrounding liquid circulates and direct microparticles randomly dispersed in the liquid to the bottom NPGD surface, which can be made to yield a unique collection of 3D hollow dome microstructures with bubbles larger than 5 μm. Such capability can also be employed in concentrating suspended colloidal nanoparticles at desirable sites and with the preferred configuration enhancing the sensor performance. Specifically, the interaction among concentrated nanoparticles and their interactions with the underlying substrate have been investigated for the first time. These collections have been characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hyperspectral localized surface plasmon resonance imaging, and hyperspectral Raman imaging. In addition to various micro- and nanoparticles, the plasmonic microbubbles are also shown to collect biological cells and extracellular nanovesicles such as exosomes. By using a spatial light modulator to project the laser in arbitrary patterns, parallel concentrating can be achieved to fabricate an array of clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareg Ohannesian
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Jingting Li
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Ibrahim Misbah
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Houston, 4800 Calhoun
Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Program
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Houston, 4800 Calhoun
Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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8
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Sultangaziyev A, Bukasov R. Review: Applications of surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) spectroscopy in bio-detection and biosensing. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020; 30:100382. [PMID: 33101976 PMCID: PMC7566769 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) is rapidly becoming one of the main spectroscopic techniques for the detection of a variety of biomolecules and biomarkers. The main reasons for this trend are the high sensitivity and selectivity, robustness, and speed of this analytical method. Each year, the number of applications that utilize this phenomenon increases and with each such work, the complexity and novelty of the used substrates, procedures, and analytes rises. To obtain a clearer view of this phenomenon and research area, we decided to combine 76 valuable research articles from a variety of different research groups into this mini-review. We present and describe these works concisely and clearly, with a particular interest in the quantitative parameters of the experiment. These sources are classified according to the nature of the analyte, on the contrary to most reviews, which sort them by substrate nature. This point of view gives us insight into the development of this research area and the consequent increase in the complexity of the analyte nature. Moreover, this type of sorting can show possible future routes for the expansion of this research area. Along with the analytes, we can also pay attention to the substrates used for each situation and how the development of substrates affects the direction of research and subsequently, the choice of an analyte. About 108 sources and several interesting trends in the SEF research area over the past 25 years are discussed in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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9
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Abstract
In recent years, the field of nanoporous metals has undergone accelerated developments as these materials possess high specific surface areas, well-defined pore sizes, functional sites, and a wide range of functional properties. Nanoporous gold (NPG) is, surely, the most attractive system in the class of nanoporous metals: it combines several desired characteristics as occurrence of surface plasmon resonances, enormous surface area, electrochemical activity, biocompatibility, in addition to feasibility in preparation. All these properties concur in the exploitatiton of NPG as an efficient and versatile sensong platform. In this regard, NPG-based sensors have shown exceptional sensitivity and selectivity to a wide range of analytes ranging from molecules to biomolecules (and until the single molecule detection) and the enormous surface/volume ratio was shown to be crucial in determining these performances. Thanks to these characteristics, NPG-based sensors are finding applications in medical, biological, and safety fields so as in medical diagnostics and monitoring processes. So, a rapidly growing literature is currently investigating the properties of NPG systems toward the detection of a multitude of classes of analytes highlighting strengths and limits. Due to the extension, complexity, and importance of this research field, in the present review we attempt, starting from the discussion of specific cases, to focus our attention on the basic properties of NPG in connection to the main sensing applications, i.e., surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based and electrochemical-based sensing. Owing to the nano-sized pore channels and Au ligaments, which are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light (400–700 nm), surface plasmon resonances of NPG can be effectively excited by visible light and presents unique features compared with other nanostructured metals, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanowires. This characteristics leads to optical sensors exploiting NPG through unique surface plasmon resonance properties that can be monitored by UV-Vis, Raman, or fluorescence spectroscopy. On the other hand, the catalytic properties of NPG are exploited electrochemical sensors are on the electrical signal produced by a specific analyte adsorbed of the NPG surface. In this regard, the enourmous NPG surface area is crucial in determining the sensitivity enhancement. Due to the extension, complexity, and importance of the NPG-based sensing field, in the present review we attempt, starting from the discussion of specific cases, to focus our attention on the basic properties of NPG in connection to the main sensing applications, i.e., surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based and electrochemical-based sensing. Starting from the discussion of the basic morphological/structural characteristics of NPG as obtained during the fabrication step and post-fabrication processes, the review aims to a comprehensive schematization of the main classes of sensing applications highlighting the basic involved physico-chemical properties and mechanisms. In each discussed specific example, the main involved parameters and processes governing the sensing mechanism are elucidated. In this way, the review aims at establishing a general framework connecting the processes parameters to the characteristics (pore size, etc.) of the NPG. Some examples are discussed concerning surface plasmon enhanced Uv-Vis, Raman, fluorescence spectroscopy in order to realize efficient NPG-based optical sesnors: in this regard, the underlaying connections between NPG structural/morphological properties and the optical response and, hence, the optical-based sensing performances are described and analyzed. Some other examples are discussed concerning the exploitation of the electrochemical characteristics of NPG for ultra-high sensitivity detection of analytes: in this regard, the key parameters determing the NPG activity and selectivity selectivity toward a variety of reactants are discussed, as high surface-to-volume ratio and the low coordination of surface atoms. In addition to the use of standard NPG films and leafs as sensing platforms, also the role of hybrid NPG-based nanocomposites and of nanoporous Au nanostructures is discussed due to the additional increase of the electrocatalytic acticvity and of exposed surface area resulting in the possible further sensitivity increase.
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Ohannesian N, Gunawardhana L, Misbah I, Rakhshandehroo M, Lin SH, Shih WC. Commercial and emerging technologies for cancer diagnosis and prognosis based on circulating tumor exosomes. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ab8699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles excreted by mammalian cells that circulate freely in the bloodstream of living organisms. Exosomes have a lipid bilayer that encloses genetic material used in intracellular communication (e.g. double-stranded DNA, micro-RNAs, and messenger RNA). Recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of this genetic content within exosomes has a major role in tumor progression in the surrounding microenvironment. Motivated by this discovery, we focused here on using exosomal biomarkers as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for cancer. In this review, we discuss recently discovered exosome-derived proteomic and genetic biomarkers used in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Although several genetic biomarkers have been validated for their diagnostic values, proteomic biomarkers are still being actively pursued. We discuss both commercial technologies and emerging technologies for exosome isolation and analysis. Emerging technologies can be classified into optical and non-optical methods. The working principle of each method is briefly discussed as well as advantages and limitations.
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11
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Yang W, Wu K, Yang W, Wang H, Lv X, Qian L, Yu T, Li Z, Zhou X, Okumu Barasa G, Yuan S, Jiang Y, Yang Z. Nanoporous Au-Ag shell with fast kinetics: integrating chemical and plasmonic catalysis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:425704. [PMID: 28782732 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous noble metals and alloys are widely utilized as efficient catalysts, because they have high surface-to-volume ratios for sufficient active sites and induce molecule polarization through plasmon excitation as well. Herein, we demonstrate one approach to fabricate nanoporous Au-Ag shell. Such material represents the dual functions serving as efficient catalysts and high-performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate. In situ spectrum acquisition can track the conversion of p-nitrothiophenol to 4, 4'-dimercapto-azobenzene at ambient temperature. In particular, as a result of chemical catalysis of Ag elements and strong plasmon-molecule coupling, catalytic kinetics of nanoporous Au-Ag shell is 79.2-123.8 times faster than Au nanoparticles (NPs), and 2.2-3.3 times faster than Ag NPs. This investigation offers a route to design superior catalysts to integrate chemical and plasmonic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Yang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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12
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Parvez Arnob MM, Shih WC. 3D plasmonic nanoarchitecture as an emerging biosensing platform. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2577-2580. [PMID: 28994340 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md Masud Parvez Arnob
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.,Program of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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13
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Zhao F, Arnob MMP, Zenasni O, Li J, Shih WC. Far-field plasmonic coupling in 2-dimensional polycrystalline plasmonic arrays enables wide tunability with low-cost nanofabrication. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:267-276. [PMID: 32260682 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental observation and numerical modeling study of far-field plasmonic coupling (FFPC) in 2-dimensional polycrystalline plasmonic arrays consisting of "single crystalline" domains of a random size and orientation. Even though polycrystalline plasmonic arrays are routine products of low-cost nanosphere lithography (NSL), their FFPC behavior has not been well understood. Herein, FFPC observed from gold nanodisk (AuND) arrays fabricated using NSL appears, qualitatively, to be in keeping with that of highly regular nanoparticle arrays, where they induced cyclic modulations on the peak position and linewidth of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Remarkable blue shifts as large as 1000 nm with nearly doubled linewidth were observed experimentally. Numerical modeling was systematically carried out and showed quantitative agreement with the experimental results. Using the modeling approach, the influences of array randomness and particle size on FFPC have been studied independently for the first time. Finally, two potential applications have been developed for FFPC-based LSPR tuning. Firstly, when AuND arrays are fabricated on flexible substrates, a novel transduction mechanism can be established between the LSPR peak position and the substrate strain. Owing to the far-field propagating nature, FFPC-based transduction can effectively extend the strain-tuning displacement range by an order of magnitude compared with those based on near-field coupling. Secondly, we show that FFPC leads to an LSPR peak within 1 μm for nanoporous gold disk arrays, which otherwise have a single particle LSPR peak beyond 1.5 μm. Such a significant FFPC-induced blue shift is critically important for compatibility with the use of silicon-based detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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14
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Qiu S, Zhao F, Zenasni O, Li J, Shih WC. Catalytic assembly of DNA nanostructures on a nanoporous gold array as 3D architectures for label-free telomerase activity sensing. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:217-224. [PMID: 32260643 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase, an enzyme known to catalyze telomere elongation by adding TTAGGG [thymine (T), adenine (A), and guanine (G)] repeats to the end of telomeres, is vital for cell proliferation. Overexpression of telomerase has been found in most tumor cells, resulting in telomere dysfunction and uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Thus, telomerase has been considered as a potential cancer biomarker, as well as a potential target in cancer therapy. In this study, telomerase-catalyzed growth of tandem G-quadruplex (G4) assembled on a nanoporous gold array (NPGA) resulted in the formation of three-dimensional hybrid nanoarchitectures. The generated nanostructure then captured malachite green (MG) (reporter molecule) without the need of a complicated labeling process. Upon laser irradiation, the captured MG molecules produced a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal that was generated by an abundant amount of plasmonic hot spots in the NPGA substrates. A limit of detection (LOD) of 10-10 IU along with a linear range, which was 3 orders of magnitude, was achieved, which was equivalent to the telomerase amount extracted from 20 HeLa cells. The LOD is 2 orders of magnitude better than that of the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and it approaches that of the most sensitive technique, telomeric repeat amplification protocols (TRAP), which require a laborious and equipment-intensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to chemically identify and quantify the telomerase activity on the sensitized NPGA surface. Furthermore, the sensor was applied to screen the effectiveness of anti-telomerase drugs such as zidovudine, thus demonstrating the potential use of the sensor in telomerase-based diagnosis and drug development. Moreover, the framework represents a novel paradigm of collaborative plasmonic intensification and catalytic multiplication (c-PI/CM) for label-free biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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15
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Nanoporous Gold Nanocomposites as a Versatile Platform for Plasmonic Engineering and Sensing. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071519. [PMID: 28657586 PMCID: PMC5539714 DOI: 10.3390/s17071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanostructures have shown great potential in sensing applications. Among various materials and structures, monolithic nanoporous gold disks (NPGD) have several unique features such as three-dimensional (3D) porous network, large surface area, tunable plasmonic resonance, high-density hot-spots, and excellent architectural integrity and environmental stability. They exhibit a great potential in surface-enhanced spectroscopy, photothermal conversion, and plasmonic sensing. In this work, interactions between smaller colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and individual NPGDs are studied. Specifically, colloidal gold nanoparticles with different sizes are loaded onto NPGD substrates to form NPG hybrid nanocomposites with tunable plasmonic resonance peaks in the near-infrared spectral range. Newly formed plasmonic hot-spots due to the coupling between individual nanoparticles and NPG disk have been identified in the nanocomposites, which have been experimentally studied using extinction and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Numerical modeling and simulations have been employed to further unravel various coupling scenarios between AuNP and NPGDs.
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16
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Optical trapping-assisted SERS platform for chemical and biosensing applications: Design perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Krafft C. Modern trends in biophotonics for clinical diagnosis and therapy to solve unmet clinical needs. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1362-1375. [PMID: 27943650 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This contribution covers recent original research papers in the biophotonics field. The content is organized into main techniques such as multiphoton microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic tomography, and their applications in the context of fluid, cell, tissue and skin diagnostics. Special attention is paid to vascular and blood flow diagnostics, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, tissue therapy, cell characterization, and biosensors for biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Krafft
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
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18
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Synthesis of various 3D porous gold-based alloy nanostructures with branched shapes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 483:281-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Qiu S, Zhao F, Zenasni O, Li J, Shih WC. Nanoporous Gold Disks Functionalized with Stabilized G-Quadruplex Moieties for Sensing Small Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29968-29976. [PMID: 27622472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report label-free small molecule sensing on nanoporous gold disks functionalized with stabilized Guanine-quadruplex (G4) moieties using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). By utilizing the unique G4 topological structure, target molecules can be selectively captured onto nanoporous gold (NPG) disk surfaces via π-π stacking and electrostatic attractions. Together with high-density plasmonic "hot spots" of NPG disks, the captured molecules produce a remarkable SERS signal. Our strategy represents the first example of the detection of foreign molecules conjugated to nondouble helical DNA nanostructures using SERS while providing a new technique for studying the formation and evolution of G4 moieties. The molecular specificity of G4 is known to be controlled by its unit sequence. Without losing generality, we have selected d(GGT)7GG sequence for the sensing of malachite green (MG), a known carcinogen frequently abused illegally in aquaculture. The newly developed technique achieved a lowest detectable concentration at an impressive 50 pM, two orders of magnitude lower than the European Union (EU) regulatory requirement, with high specificity against potential interferents. To demonstrate the translational potential of this technology, we achieved a lowest detectable concentration of 5.0 nM, meeting the EU regulatory requirement, using a portable probe based detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Qiu
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, P. R. China
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20
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Li J, Zhao F, Shih WC. Direct-write patterning of nanoporous gold microstructures by in situ laser-assisted dealloying. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23610-23617. [PMID: 27828422 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel patterning technique to direct-write microscale nanoporous gold (NPG) features by projecting laser patterns using a spatial light modulator (SLM) onto an Au/Ag alloy film immersed in diluted nitric acid solutions. Heat accumulation induced by the photothermal effect enables localized dealloying in such solutions, which is otherwise impotent at room temperature. Consequently, NPG micropatterns are formed at the irradiated spots while the surrounding alloy remains intact. We have studied the size of the patterned NPG microstructures with respect to laser power and irradiation time. The NPG microstructures become significantly more transparent compared to the original alloy film. The NPG microstructures also exhibit strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) which is otherwise weak in the original alloy film. Both the light transmission intensity and LSPR peak wavelength have been demonstrated to be sensitive to the local environmental refractive index as quantified by microscopy and spectroscopy.
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21
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Trace detection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with a SERS-based capillary platform prepared by the in situ microwave synthesis of AgNPs. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 939:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Shih WC, Santos GM, Zhao F, Zenasni O, Arnob MMP. Simultaneous Chemical and Refractive Index Sensing in the 1-2.5 μm Near-Infrared Wavelength Range on Nanoporous Gold Disks. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4641-7. [PMID: 27294888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy provides molecular and chemical information based on overtones and combination bands of the fundamental vibrational modes in the infrared wavelengths. However, the sensitivity of NIR absorption measurement is limited by the generally weak absorption and the relatively poor detector performance compared to other wavelength ranges. To overcome these barriers, we have developed a novel technique to simultaneously obtain chemical and refractive index sensing in 1-2.5 μm NIR wavelength range on nanoporous gold (NPG) disks, which feature high-density plasmonic hot-spots of localized electric field enhancement. For the first time, surface-enhanced near-infrared absorption (SENIRA) spectroscopy has been demonstrated for high sensitivity chemical detection. With a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of octadecanethiol (ODT), an enhancement factor (EF) of up to ∼10(4) has been demonstrated for the first C-H combination band at 2400 nm using NPG disk with 600 nm diameter. Together with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) extinction spectroscopy, simultaneous sensing of sample refractive index has been achieved for the first time. The performance of this technique has been evaluated using various hydrocarbon compounds and crude oil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Greggy M Santos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Oussama Zenasni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Md Masud Parvez Arnob
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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23
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Daggumati P, Appelt S, Matharu Z, Marco ML, Seker E. Sequence-Specific Electrical Purification of Nucleic Acids with Nanoporous Gold Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7711-7. [PMID: 27244455 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic-acid-based biosensors have enabled rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic targets; however, these devices often require purified nucleic acids for analysis since the constituents of complex biological fluids adversely affect sensor performance. This purification step is typically performed outside the device, thereby increasing sample-to-answer time and introducing contaminants. We report a novel approach using a multifunctional matrix, nanoporous gold (np-Au), which enables both detection of specific target sequences in a complex biological sample and their subsequent purification. The np-Au electrodes modified with 26-mer DNA probes (via thiol-gold chemistry) enabled sensitive detection and capture of complementary DNA targets in the presence of complex media (fetal bovine serum) and other interfering DNA fragments in the range of 50-1500 base pairs. Upon capture, the noncomplementary DNA fragments and serum constituents of varying sizes were washed away. Finally, the surface-bound DNA-DNA hybrids were released by electrochemically cleaving the thiol-gold linkage, and the hybrids were iontophoretically eluted from the nanoporous matrix. The optical and electrophoretic characterization of the analytes before and after the detection-purification process revealed that low target DNA concentrations (80 pg/μL) can be successfully detected in complex biological fluids and subsequently released to yield pure hybrids free of polydisperse digested DNA fragments and serum biomolecules. Taken together, this multifunctional platform is expected to enable seamless integration of detection and purification of nucleic acid biomarkers of pathogens and diseases in miniaturized diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Daggumati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sandra Appelt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zimple Matharu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erkin Seker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
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24
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de Jeer LTH, Ribas Gomes D, Nijholt JE, van Bremen R, Ocelík V, De Hosson JTM. Formation of Nanoporous Gold Studied by Transmission Electron Backscatter Diffraction. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:1387-1397. [PMID: 26514692 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615015329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron backscatter diffraction (t-EBSD) was used to investigate the effect of dealloying on the microstructure of 140-nm thin gold foils. Statistical and local comparisons of the microstructure between the nonetched and nanoporous gold foils were made. Analyses of crystallographic texture, misorientation distribution, and grain structure clearly prove that during the dealloying manufacturing process of nanoporous materials the crystallographic texture is enhanced significantly with a clear decrease of internal strain, whereas maintaining the grain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo T H de Jeer
- Department of Applied Physics,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4,9747 AG Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - Diego Ribas Gomes
- Department of Applied Physics,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4,9747 AG Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - Jorrit E Nijholt
- Department of Applied Physics,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4,9747 AG Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - Rik van Bremen
- Department of Applied Physics,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4,9747 AG Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - Václav Ocelík
- Department of Applied Physics,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4,9747 AG Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - Jeff Th M De Hosson
- Department of Applied Physics,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4,9747 AG Groningen,The Netherlands
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