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Dudchenko N, Pawar S, Perelshtein I, Fixler D. Magnetite-Based Biosensors and Molecular Logic Gates: From Magnetite Synthesis to Application. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:304. [PMID: 36979516 PMCID: PMC10046048 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, point-of-care (POC) sensors have become increasingly important in the detection of various targets for the early diagnostics and treatment of diseases. Diverse nanomaterials are used as building blocks for the development of smart biosensors and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are among them. The intrinsic properties of MNPs, such as their large surface area, chemical stability, ease of functionalization, high saturation magnetization, and more, mean they have great potential for use in biosensors. Moreover, the unique characteristics of MNPs, such as their response to external magnetic fields, allow them to be easily manipulated (concentrated and redispersed) in fluidic media. As they are functionalized with biomolecules, MNPs bear high sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of target biomolecules, which means they are advantageous in biosensor development and lead to a more sensitive, rapid, and accurate identification and quantification of target analytes. Due to the abovementioned properties of functionalized MNPs and their unique magnetic characteristics, they could be employed in the creation of new POC devices, molecular logic gates, and new biomolecular-based biocomputing interfaces, which would build on new ideas and principles. The current review outlines the synthesis, surface coverage, and functionalization of MNPs, as well as recent advancements in magnetite-based biosensors for POC diagnostics and some perspectives in molecular logic, and it also contains some of our own results regarding the topic, which include synthetic MNPs, their application for sample preparation, and the design of fluorescent-based molecular logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Dudchenko
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Shweta Pawar
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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2
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Shapira C, Itshak D, Duadi H, Harel Y, Atkins A, Lipovsky A, Lavi R, Lellouche JP, Fixler D. Noninvasive Nanodiamond Skin Permeation Profiling Using a Phase Analysis Method: Ex Vivo Experiments. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15760-15769. [PMID: 36037067 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in nanotechnology. Among them, nanodiamonds (NDs) are suitable for biotechnology and are especially interesting for skin delivery and topical treatments. However, noninvasive detection of NDs within the different skin layers or analyzing their penetration ability is complicated due to the turbid nature of the tissue. The iterative multiplane optical properties extraction (IMOPE) technique detects differences in the optical properties of the measured item by a phase-image analysis method. The phase image is reconstructed by the multiplane Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. This technique, traditionally, detects differences in the reduced scattering coefficients. Here, however, due to the actual size of the NDs, the IMOPE technique's detection relies on absorption analysis rather than relying on scattering events. In this paper, we use the IMOPE technique to detect the presence of the NDs within tissue-like phantoms. In addition, we perform ex vivo pigskin experiments to estimate the penetration of the NDs to the different skin layers and show that their presence reduces at deeper layers. The significance signal of the NDs within the epidermis, dermis, and fat layers gradually reduces, with t test significance values that are smaller than 10-4, 10-3, and 10-2, respectively. The IMOPE results are corroborated by TEM results and Franz-cell experiments. These results confirm that the IMOPE profiled the skin-permeation of the NDs noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channa Shapira
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Daniel Itshak
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yifat Harel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ayelet Atkins
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Anat Lipovsky
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ronit Lavi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Jean Paul Lellouche
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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Shapira C, Yariv I, Ankri R, Duadi H, Fixler D. Effect of optical magnification on the detection of the reduced scattering coefficient in the blue regime: theory and experiments. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:22228-22239. [PMID: 34265992 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imaging turbid media is range limited. In contrast, sensing the medium's optical properties is possible in larger depths using the iterative multi-plane optical properties extraction technique. It analyzes the reconstructed reemitted light phase image. The root mean square of the phase image yields two graphs with opposite behaviors that intersect at µ's,cp. These graphs enable the extraction of a certain range of the reduced scattering coefficient, µ's. Here, we aim to extend the range of µ's detection by optical magnification. We use a modified diffusion theory and show how µ's,cp shifts with the varying magnification. The theoretical results were tested experimentally, showing that the technique can be adapted to different ranges of µ's by changing the magnification.
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Yariv I, Kannan S, Harel Y, Levy E, Duadi H, Lellouche JP, Michaeli S, Fixler D. Iterative optical technique for detecting anti-leishmania nanoparticles in mouse lesions. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4496-4509. [PMID: 34457428 PMCID: PMC8367277 DOI: 10.1364/boe.425798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) based drugs for topical administration are gaining interest in the biomedical world. However, a study tool of their penetration depth to the different tissue layers without additional markers or contrast agents is required in order to relieve safety concerns. While common diagnostic tools, e.g. X-ray, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, can provide in vivo detection of the metallic NPs, their resolution cannot determine the exact penetration depth to the thin skin layers. In this work, we propose the noninvasive nanophotonics iterative multi-plane optical property extraction (IMOPE) technique for the novel iron-based NPs detection in leishmaniasis lesions. The optical properties of the different tissue layers: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat and muscle, were examined before and after topical drug administration. The potential topical drug was detected in the epidermis (∼13µm) and dermis (∼160µm) layers in mice lesions at different stages of the disease (two or four weeks post infection). The lesion size influence on the detection was also observed, where in larger lesions the IMOPE senses a greater presence of the topical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Yariv
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar
Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and
Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University,
Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Sriram Kannan
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and
Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University,
Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of
Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yifat Harel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and
Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University,
Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Exact
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan
5290002, Israel
| | - Esthy Levy
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and
Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University,
Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Exact
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan
5290002, Israel
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar
Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and
Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University,
Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and
Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University,
Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Exact
Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan
5290002, Israel
| | - Shulamit Michaeli
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and
Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University,
Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of
Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar
Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and
Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University,
Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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Yariv I, Shapira C, Duadi H, Fixler D. Media Characterization under Scattering Conditions by Nanophotonics Iterative Multiplane Spectroscopy Measurements. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14301-14306. [PMID: 31508554 PMCID: PMC6733169 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing materials is preferably done by multiple wavelengths. In opaque materials, the scattering poses a challenge due to the additional complexity to the spectroscopic measurements. We have previously demonstrated an iterative multiplane method for characterizing materials using the reflection from turbid media. Initial studies were performed in the red wavelength regime (632.8 nm) which is optimal for biomedical applications. However, in order to differentiate between materials, it is better to use multiple wavelengths, as spectroscopy may detect the material fingerprint. In this paper, our iterative multiplane optical property extraction (IMOPE) technique is presented in the blue regime (473 nm). Agar-based solid phantom measurements were conducted and compared to our theoretical model. Compatibility between experiments in the red and blue wavelengths shows the robustness of our technique.
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Yariv I, Duadi H, Chakraborty R, Fixler D. Algorithm for in vivo detection of tissue type from multiple scattering light phase images. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2909-2917. [PMID: 31259061 PMCID: PMC6583353 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In vivo physiological assessments are typically done by either imaging techniques or by sensing changes in the attenuation coefficient. Using visible or near-infrared (NIR), imaging is mainly possible for thin tissues. On the other hand, clinical information can also be detected by examining changes in tissue optical properties. The most challenging aspect in sensing techniques is the spectral dependent scattering, which varies with the physiological state and tissue type. We have previously published our novel noninvasive nanophotonics technique for detecting tissue scattering based on reflectance measurements: the iterative multi-plane optical property extraction (IMOPE). The IMOPE reconstructs the reemitted light phase using an iterative algorithm and extracts the scattering properties based on a theoretical model. This paper presents the in vivo application of distinguishing between different mouse tissue areas. The reconstructed phase images reveal different areas in the inner thigh of a mouse, which are related to the muscle, bone, and skin. The IMOPE uses the reconstructed phases for sensing and detecting unseen components beneath the skin surface. This technique could be further applied to the diagnosis of various physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Yariv
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ruchira Chakraborty
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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Yariv I, Duadi H, Fixler D. Optical method to extract the reduced scattering coefficient from tissue: theory and experiments. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5299-5302. [PMID: 30382992 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are considered challenging in terms of structure and composition analysis due to their tendency to multiple scatter the incident light. One of the most common theories for extracting optical properties of tissue is diffusion reflection (DR). In this Letter, we propose a new paradigm for estimating the reduced scattering coefficient of a medium from the reflected light phase. The technique is a modified DR theory wherein the phase is calculated by the product of the wavenumber and the average pathlength. This theory is supported by the reconstructed phase of tissue-like phantom experiments from an iterative algorithm.
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Yariv I, Haddad M, Duadi H, Motiei M, Fixler D. New optical sensing technique of tissue viability and blood flow based on nanophotonic iterative multi-plane reflectance measurements. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5237-5244. [PMID: 27785024 PMCID: PMC5066867 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s119130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological substances pose a challenge for researchers since their optical properties change constantly according to their physiological state. Examination of those substances noninvasively can be achieved by different optical methods with high sensitivity. Our research suggests the application of a novel noninvasive nanophotonics technique, ie, iterative multi-plane optical property extraction (IMOPE) based on reflectance measurements, for tissue viability examination and gold nanorods (GNRs) and blood flow detection. The IMOPE model combines an experimental setup designed for recording light intensity images with the multi-plane iterative Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for reconstructing the reemitted light phase and calculating its standard deviation (STD). Changes in tissue composition affect its optical properties which results in changes in the light phase that can be measured by its STD. We have demonstrated this new concept of correlating the light phase STD and the optical properties of a substance, using transmission measurements only. This paper presents, for the first time, reflectance based IMOPE tissue viability examination, producing a decrease in the computed STD for older tissues, as well as investigating their organic material absorption capability. Finally, differentiation of the femoral vein from adjacent tissues using GNRs and the detection of their presence within blood circulation and tissues are also presented with high sensitivity (better than computed tomography) to low quantities of GNRs (<3 mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Yariv
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Menashe Haddad
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Benei Brak, Israel
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Menachem Motiei
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Yariv I, Lipovsky A, Gedanken A, Lubart R, Fixler D. Enhanced pharmacological activity of vitamin B₁₂ and penicillin as nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3593-601. [PMID: 26028970 PMCID: PMC4440431 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonochemistry has become a well-known technique for fabricating nanomaterials. Since one of the advantages of nanomaterials is that they have higher chemical activities compared with particles in the bulk form, efforts are being made to produce nano organic compounds with enhanced biological activities that could be exploited in the medical area. This study uses the sonication technique to prepare nano Vitamin B12 and nano Penicillin, and demonstrates their enhanced biological and pharmacological activity. The size and morphology of the nano Penicillin and nano Vitamin B12 were investigated using electron microscopy as well as dynamic light scattering techniques. The sizes of Penicillin and Vitamin B12 nanoparticles (NPs) were found to be 70 and 120-180 nm, respectively. The bactericidal effect of nano Penicillin was studied and found to be higher than that of the bulk form. Reducing the size of Vitamin B12 resulted in their enhanced antioxidative activity as observed using the electron paramagnetic spectroscopy technique. The penetration depth of these organic NPs can be detected by an optical iterative method. It is believed that nano organic drugs fabrication will have a great impact on the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Yariv
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Anat Lipovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Kanbar Laboratory for Nanomaterials, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Kanbar Laboratory for Nanomaterials, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rachel Lubart
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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