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Chung T, McClain TP, Alonso-Mori R, Chollet M, Deb A, Garcia-Esparza AT, Huang Ze En J, Lamb RM, Michocki LB, Reinhard M, van Driel TB, Penner-Hahn JE, Sension RJ. Ultrafast X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Reveals Excited-State Dynamics of B 12 Coenzymes Controlled by the Axial Base. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1428-1437. [PMID: 38301132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Polarized time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Co K-edge is used to probe the excited-state dynamics and photolysis of base-off methylcobalamin and the excited-state structure of base-off adenosylcobalamin. For both molecules, the final excited-state minimum shows evidence for an expansion of the cavity around the Co ion by ca. 0.04 to 0.05 Å. The 5-coordinate base-off cob(II)alamin that is formed following photodissociation has a structure similar to that of the 5-coordinate base-on cob(II)alamin, with a ring expansion of 0.03 to 0.04 Å and a contraction of the lower axial bond length relative to that in the 6-coordinate ground state. These data provide insights into the role of the lower axial ligand in modulating the reactivity of B12 coenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481091055, United States
| | - Taylor P McClain
- Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aniruddha Deb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481091055, United States
| | - Angel T Garcia-Esparza
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, United States
| | - Joel Huang Ze En
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481091055, United States
| | - Ryan M Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481091055, United States
| | - Lindsay B Michocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481091055, United States
| | - Marco Reinhard
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, United States
| | - Tim B van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - James E Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481091055, United States
- Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Roseanne J Sension
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481091055, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States
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Gharibzahedi SMT, Moghadam M, Amft J, Tolun A, Hasabnis G, Altintas Z. Recent Advances in Dietary Sources, Health Benefits, Emerging Encapsulation Methods, Food Fortification, and New Sensor-Based Monitoring of Vitamin B 12: A Critical Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7469. [PMID: 38005191 PMCID: PMC10673454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this overview, the latest achievements in dietary origins, absorption mechanism, bioavailability assay, health advantages, cutting-edge encapsulation techniques, fortification approaches, and innovative highly sensitive sensor-based detection methods of vitamin B12 (VB12) were addressed. The cobalt-centered vitamin B is mainly found in animal products, posing challenges for strict vegetarians and vegans. Its bioavailability is highly influenced by intrinsic factor, absorption in the ileum, and liver reabsorption. VB12 mainly contributes to blood cell synthesis, cognitive function, and cardiovascular health, and potentially reduces anemia and optic neuropathy. Microencapsulation techniques improve the stability and controlled release of VB12. Co-microencapsulation of VB12 with other vitamins and bioactive compounds enhances bioavailability and controlled release, providing versatile initiatives for improving bio-functionality. Nanotechnology, including nanovesicles, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles can enhance the delivery, stability, and bioavailability of VB12 in diverse applications, ranging from antimicrobial agents to skincare and oral insulin delivery. Staple food fortification with encapsulated and free VB12 emerges as a prominent strategy to combat deficiency and promote nutritional value. Biosensing technologies, such as electrochemical and optical biosensors, offer rapid, portable, and sensitive VB12 assessment. Carbon dot-based fluorescent nanosensors, nanocluster-based fluorescent probes, and electrochemical sensors show promise for precise detection, especially in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Moghadam
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Amft
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Aysu Tolun
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gauri Hasabnis
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science-KiNSIS, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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3
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Dereven'kov IA, Osokin VS, Khodov IA, Sobornova VV, Ershov NA, Makarov SV. meso-Bromination of cyano- and aquacobalamins facilitates their processing into Co(II)-species by glutathione. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:571-581. [PMID: 37479902 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyanocobalamin (CNCbl), a medicinal form of vitamin B12, is resistant to glutathione (GSH), and undergoes intracellular processing via reductive decyanation producing the Co(II)-form of Cbl (Cbl(II)) mediated by the CblC-protein. Alteration of the CblC-protein structure might inhibit CNCbl processing. Here, we showed that introducing a bromine atom to the C10-position of the CNCbl corrin ring facilitates its reaction with GSH leading to the formation of Cbl(II) and cyanide dissociation. In a neutral medium, the reaction between C10-Br-CNCbl and GSH proceeds via the complexation of the reactants further leading to dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBI) substitution and electron transfer from GSH to the Co(III)-ion. The reaction is accelerated upon the GSH thiol group deprotonation. The key factors explaining the higher reactivity of C10-Br-CNCbl compared with unmodified CNCbl towards GSH are increasing the electrode potential of CNCbl two-electron reduction upon meso-bromination and the substantial labilization of DMBI, which was shown by comparing their reactions with cyanide and the pKa values of DMBI protonation (pKa base-off). Aquacobalamin (H2OCbl) brominated at the C10-position of the corrin reacts with GSH to give Cbl(II) via GSH complexation and subsequent reaction of this complex with a second GSH molecule, whereas unmodified H2OCbl generates glutathionyl-Cbl, which is resistant to further reduction by GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Dereven'kov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Vladimir S Osokin
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Ilya A Khodov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Valentina V Sobornova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Nikita A Ershov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Sergei V Makarov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia
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4
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Elmendorf LD, Brunold TC. Vibronic Coupling in Vitamin B 12: A Combined Spectroscopic and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12762-12772. [PMID: 37463115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the diverse reactivities of vitamin B12 and its derivatives, collectively called cobalamins, requires detailed knowledge of their geometric and electronic structures. Electronic absorption (Abs) and resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopies have proven invaluable in this area, particularly when used in concert with computational techniques such as density functional theory (DFT). There remain, however, lingering uncertainties in the computational description of electronic excited states of cobalamins, particularly surrounding the vibronic coupling that impacts the Abs bandshapes and gives rise to rR enhancement of vibrational modes. Past computational analyses of the vibrational spectra of cobalamins have either neglected rR enhancement or calculated rR enhancement for only a small number of modes. In the present study, we used the recently developed ORCA_ASA computational tool in conjunction with the popular B3LYP and BP86 functionals to predict Abs bandshapes and rR spectra for vitamin B12. The ORCA_ASA/B3LYP-computed Abs envelope in the visible spectral region and rR spectra of vitamin B12 agree remarkably well with our experimental data, while BP86 fails to reproduce both. This finding represents a significant advance in our understanding of how these two commonly used density functionals differently model the electronic properties of cobalamins. Guided by the computed frequencies for the Co-C stretching and Co-C-N bending modes, we identified, for the first time, isotope-sensitive features in our rR spectra of 12CNCbl and 13CNCbl that can be assigned to these modes. A normal coordinate analysis of the experimentally determined Co-C stretching and Co-C-N bending frequencies indicates that the Co-C force constant for vitamin B12 is 2.67 mdyn/Å, considerably larger than the Co-C force constants reported for alkylcobalamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Elmendorf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas C Brunold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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5
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Abstract
The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids, derivatives of vitamin B12, is reviewed, with particular emphasis on equilibrium constants for, and kinetics of, their axial ligand substitution reactions. The role the corrin ligand plays in controlling and modifying the properties of the metal ion is emphasised. Other aspects of the chemistry of these compounds, including their structure, corrinoid complexes with metals other than cobalt, the redox chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids and their chemical redox reactions, and their photochemistry are discussed. Their role as catalysts in non-biological reactions and aspects of their organometallic chemistry are briefly mentioned. Particular mention is made of the role that computational methods - and especially DFT calculations - have played in developing our understanding of the inorganic chemistry of these compounds. A brief overview of the biological chemistry of the B12-dependent enzymes is also given for the reader's convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder M Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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6
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Temova Rakuša Ž, Roškar R, Hickey N, Geremia S. Vitamin B 12 in Foods, Food Supplements, and Medicines-A Review of Its Role and Properties with a Focus on Its Stability. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010240. [PMID: 36615431 PMCID: PMC9822362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12, also known as the anti-pernicious anemia factor, is an essential micronutrient totally dependent on dietary sources that is commonly integrated with food supplements. Four vitamin B12 forms-cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, and methylcobalamin-are currently used for supplementation and, here, we provide an overview of their biochemical role, bioavailability, and efficacy in different dosage forms. Since the effective quantity of vitamin B12 depends on the stability of the different forms, we further provide a review of their main reactivity and stability under exposure to various environmental factors (e.g., temperature, pH, light) and the presence of some typical interacting compounds (oxidants, reductants, and other water-soluble vitamins). Further, we explore how the manufacturing process and storage affect B12 stability in foods, food supplements, and medicines and provide a summary of the data published to date on the content-related quality of vitamin B12 products on the market. We also provide an overview of the approaches toward their stabilization, including minimization of the destabilizing factors, addition of proper stabilizers, or application of some (innovative) technological processes that could be implemented and contribute to the production of high-quality vitamin B12 products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Roškar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neal Hickey
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Dereven’kov IA, Sakharova ES, Osokin VS, Makarov SV. Aquacobalamin Accelerates Orange II Destruction by Peroxymonosulfate Via the Transient Formation of Secocorrinoid: A Mechanistic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911907. [PMID: 36233209 PMCID: PMC9569875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its use in medicine, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and its derivatives have found in numerous applications as catalysts. However, studies related to the activation of oxidants via cobalamin are scant. In this work, we showed how the addition of aquacobalamin (H2OCbl) accelerates the destruction of azo-dye Orange II by peroxymonosulfate (HSO5−) in aqueous solutions. In neutral and weakly alkaline media, the process is initiated by the modification of the corrin macrocycle with HSO5−, which requires the preliminary deprotonation of the aqua-ligand in H2OCbl to give hydroxocobalamin, producing 5,6-dioxo-5,6-secocobalamin or its isomer (14,15-dioxo-14,15-secocobalamin). In acidic solutions, where the concentration of hydroxocobalamin is negligible, the formation of dioxo-seco-species is not observed, and the reaction between H2OCbl and HSO5− results in slow chromophore bleaching. Using terephthalic acid, we demonstrated the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the mixture of H2OCbl with HSO5−, whereas the generation of sulfate radicals was proved by comparing the effects of ethanol and nitrobenzene on Orange II destruction using the H2OCbl/HSO5− system. The reaction mechanism includes the binding of HSO5− to the Co(III) ion of dioxo-secocobalamin, which results in its deprotonation and the labilization of the O-O bond, leading to the formation of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals which further react with Orange II.
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8
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Sinner EK, Li R, Marous DR, Townsend CA. ThnL, a B12-dependent radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme, catalyzes thioether bond formation in carbapenem biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206494119. [PMID: 35969793 PMCID: PMC9407657 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206494119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex carbapenems are important clinical antibiotics used to treat recalcitrant infections. Their biosynthetic gene clusters contain three essential B12-dependent radical S-adenosylmethionine (rSAM) enzymes. The majority of characterized enzymes in this subfamily catalyze methyl transfer, but only one is required to sequentially install all methionine-derived carbons in complex carbapenems. Therefore, it is probable that the other two rSAM enzymes have noncanonical functions. Through a series of fermentation and in vitro experiments, we show that ThnL uses radical SAM chemistry to catalyze thioether bond formation between C2 of a carbapenam precursor and pantetheine, uniting initial bicycle assembly common to all carbapenems with later tailoring events unique to complex carbapenems. ThnL also catalyzes reversible thiol/disulfide redox on pantetheine. Neither of these functions has been observed previously in a B12-dependent radical SAM enzyme. ThnL expands the known activity of this subclass of enzymes beyond carbon-carbon bond formation or rearrangement. It is also the only radical SAM enzyme currently known to catalyze carbon-sulfur bond formation with only an rSAM Fe-S cluster and no additional auxiliary clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica K. Sinner
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Daniel R. Marous
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Craig A. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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Ibrahim H, Yin S, Moru S, Zhu Y, Castellano MJ, Dong L. In Planta Nitrate Sensor Using a Photosensitive Epoxy Bioresin. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:25949-25961. [PMID: 35638646 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen management through monitoring of crop nitrate status can improve agricultural productivity, profitability, and environmental performance. Current plant nitrate test methods require expensive instruments, time-intensive labor, and trained personnel. Frequent monitoring of in planta nitrate levels of the stalks in living plants can help to better understand the nitrogen cycle and the physiological responses to environmental variations. Although existing enzymatic electrochemical sensors provide high selectivity, they suffer from short shelf life, high cost, low-temperature storage requirement, and potential degradation over time. To overcome these issues, an artificial enzyme (vitamin B12 or VB12) and a two-dimensional material (graphene oxide or GO) are introduced into a conventional photoresist (SU8) to form a bioresin SU8-GO-VB12 that can be patterned with photolithography and laser-pyrolyzed into a carbon-based nanocomposite C-GO-VB12. The electrocatalytic activity of the cobalt factor in VB12, the surface enhancement properties of GO, and the porous feature of pyrolytic carbon are synergized through design to provide C-GO-VB12 with a superior ability to detect nitrate ions through redox reactions. In addition, laser writing-based selective pyrolysis allows applying thermal energy to target only SU8-GO-VB12 for selective pyrolysis of the bioresin into C-GO-VB12, thus reducing the total energy input and avoiding the thermal influence on the materials and structures in other areas of the substrate. The C-GO-VB12 nitrate sensor demonstrates a year-long shelf lifetime, high selectivity, and a wide dynamic range that enables a direct nitrate test for the extracted sap of maize stalk. For in situ monitoring of the nitrate level and dynamic changes in living maize plants, a microelectromechanical system-based needle sensor is formed with C-GO-VB12. The needle sensor allows direct insertion into the plant for in situ measurement of nitrate ions under different growth environments over time. The needle sensor represents a new method for monitoring in planta nitrate dynamics with no need for sample preparation, thus making a significant impact in plant sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Ibrahim
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Shihao Yin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Satyanarayana Moru
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yunjiao Zhu
- Agronomy Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Liang Dong
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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10
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Soualmia F, Guillot A, Sabat N, Brewee C, Kubiak X, Haumann M, Guinchard X, Benjdia A, Berteau O. Exploring the Biosynthetic Potential of TsrM, a B 12 -dependent Radical SAM Methyltransferase Catalyzing Non-radical Reactions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200627. [PMID: 35253932 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
B12 -dependent radical SAM enzymes are an emerging enzyme family with approximately 200,000 proteins. These enzymes have been shown to catalyze chemically challenging reactions such as methyl transfer to sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon atoms. However, to date we have little information regarding their complex mechanisms and their biosynthetic potential. Here we show, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, mutagenesis and synthetic probes that the vitamin B12 -dependent radical SAM enzyme TsrM catalyzes not only C- but also N-methyl transfer reactions further expanding its synthetic versatility. We also demonstrate that TsrM has the unique ability to directly transfer a methyl group to the benzyl core of tryptophan, including the least reactive position C4. Collectively, our study supports that TsrM catalyzes non-radical reactions and establishes the usefulness of radical SAM enzymes for novel biosynthetic schemes including serial alkylation reactions at particularly inert C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feryel Soualmia
- Micalis Institute, ChemSyBio, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alain Guillot
- Micalis Institute, ChemSyBio, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nazarii Sabat
- UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clémence Brewee
- Micalis Institute, ChemSyBio, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xavier Kubiak
- Micalis Institute, ChemSyBio, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michael Haumann
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xavier Guinchard
- UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alhosna Benjdia
- Micalis Institute, ChemSyBio, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Berteau
- Micalis Institute, ChemSyBio, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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11
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Costa FG, Villa EA, Escalante-Semerena JC. A method for the efficient adenosylation of corrinoids. Methods Enzymol 2022; 668:87-108. [PMID: 35589203 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosylcobamides (AdoCbas) are coenzymes required by organisms from all domains of life to perform challenging chemical reactions. AdoCbas are characterized by a cobalt-containing tetrapyrrole ring, where an adenosyl group is covalently attached to the cobalt ion via a unique Co-C organometallic bond. During catalysis, this bond is homolytically cleaved by AdoCba-dependent enzymes to form an adenosyl radical that is critical for intra-molecular rearrangements. The formation of the Co-C bond is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as ATP:Co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferases (ACATs). ACATs adenosylate Cbas in two steps: (I) they generate a planar, Co(II) four-coordinate Cba to facilitate the reduction of Co(II) to Co(I), and (II) they transfer the adenosyl group from ATP to the Co(I) ion. To synthesize adenosylated corrinoids in vitro, it is imperative that anoxic conditions are maintained to avoid oxidation of Co(II) or Co(I) ions. Here we describe a method for the enzymatic synthesis and quantification of specific AdoCbas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia G Costa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Villa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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12
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Ruetz M, Koutmos M, Kräutler B. Antivitamins B 12: Synthesis and application as inhibitory ligand of the B 12-tailoring enzyme CblC. Methods Enzymol 2022; 668:157-178. [PMID: 35589193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antivitamins B12 are non-natural corrinoids that have been designed to counteract the metabolic effects of vitamin B12 and related cobalamins (Cbls) in humans and other mammals. A basic structure- and reactivity-based concept typifies antivitamins B12 as close structural mimics of vitamin B12 that are not transformed by the cellular metabolism into organometallic B12-cofactors. Antivitamins B12 have the correct structure for efficient take-up and transport via the natural mammalian pathway for cobalamin assimilation. Thus they can be delivered to every cell in the body, where they are proposed to target and inhibit the Cbl tailoring enzyme CblC. Antivitamins B12 may be specifically inert Cbls or isostructural Cbl-analogues that carry a metal centre other than a cobalt-ion. The syntheses of two antivitamins B12 are detailed here, as are biochemical and crystallographic studies that provide insights into the crucial binding interactions of Cbl-based antivitamins B12 with the human B12-tailoring enzyme CblC. This key enzyme binds genuine antivitamins B12 as inert substrate mimics and enzyme inhibitors, effectively repressing the metabolic generation of the B12-cofactors. Hence, antivitamins B12 induce the diagnostic symptoms of (functional) B12-deficiency, as observed in healthy laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ruetz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Chemistry, Program in Biophysics, Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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13
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Afoullouss S, Sanchez AR, Jennings LK, Kee Y, Allcock AL, Thomas OP. Unveiling the Chemical Diversity of the Deep-Sea Sponge Characella pachastrelloides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010052. [PMID: 35049906 PMCID: PMC8779493 DOI: 10.3390/md20010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges are at the forefront of marine natural product research. In the deep sea, extreme conditions have driven secondary metabolite pathway evolution such that we might expect deep-sea sponges to yield a broad range of unique natural products. Here, we investigate the chemodiversity of a deep-sea tetractinellid sponge, Characella pachastrelloides, collected from ~800 m depth in Irish waters. First, we analyzed the MS/MS data obtained from fractions of this sponge on the GNPS public online platform to guide our exploration of its chemodiversity. Novel glycolipopeptides named characellides were previously isolated from the sponge and herein cyanocobalamin, a manufactured form of vitamin B12, not previously found in nature, was isolated in a large amount. We also identified several poecillastrins from the molecular network, a class of polyketide known to exhibit cytotoxicity. Light sensitivity prevented the isolation and characterization of these polyketides, but their presence was confirmed by characteristic NMR and MS signals. Finally, we isolated the new betaine 6-methylhercynine, which contains a unique methylation at C-2 of the imidazole ring. This compound showed potent cytotoxicity towards against HeLa (cervical cancer) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Afoullouss
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.A.); (L.K.J.)
- School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Anthony R. Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (A.R.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Laurence K. Jennings
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.A.); (L.K.J.)
| | - Younghoon Kee
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (A.R.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - A. Louise Allcock
- School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Olivier P. Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.A.); (L.K.J.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Toda MJ, Lodowski P, Mamun AA, Kozlowski PM. Electronic and photolytic properties of hydridocobalamin. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 224:112295. [PMID: 34548209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydridocobalamin (HCbl), is a known member of the B12 family of molecules (cobalamins, Cbls) yet unlike other well-studied Cbls, little is known of the electronic and photolytic properties of this species. Interest in HCbl has increased significantly in recent years when at least three experimentally proposed mechanisms implicate HCbl as an intermediary in the photoreaction of coenzyme B12-dependent photoreceptor CarH. Specifically, cleavage of the Co-C5' bond of coenzyme B12 could lead to a β-hydride or β‑hydrogen elimination reaction to form HCbl. HCbl is known to be a transient species where the oxidation state of the Co is variable; Co(I)-H+ ↔ Co(II)-H ↔ Co(III)-H-. Further, HCbl is a very unstable with a pKa of ~1. This complicates experimental studies and to the best of our knowledge there are no available crystal structures of HCbl - either for the isolated molecule or bound to an enzyme. In this study, the electronic structure, photolytic properties, and reactivity of HCbl were explored to determine the preferred oxidation state as well as its potential role in the formation of the photoproduct in CarH. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed to determine the oxidation state of Co in isolated HCbl. Based on the NBO analysis of HCbl, Co clearly had excess negative charge, which is in stark contrast to other alkylCbls where the Co ion is marked by significant positive charge. In sum, NBO results indicate that the CoH bond is strongly polarized and almost ionic. It can be described as protonated Co(I). In addition, DFT was used to explore the bond dissociation energy of HCbl based on homolytic cleavage of the CoH bond. TD-DFT calculations were used to compare computed electronic transitions to the experimentally determined absorption spectrum. The photoreaction of CarH was explored using an isolated model system and a pathway for hydrogen transfer was found. Finally, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations were employed to investigate the formation of HCbl in CarH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Toda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Piotr Lodowski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, PL-40 006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Pawel M Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
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15
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Fan D, Zhang Y, Wu H. Development of a simple and sensitive HPLC-DAD method for quantification of vitamin B12 fortified in infant food. Anal Methods 2021; 13:4920-4925. [PMID: 34609384 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To prevent infants from vitamin B12 deficiency, infant food is designed based on cow's milk or cereal with the fortification of vitamin B12. A method for quantitative determination of vitamin B12 in infant food was developed with hydrophilic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD). The sensitivity of the detector was enhanced by implementing a 60 mm high-sensitivity LightPipe flow cell, and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were improved as low as 0.006 μg 100 g-1 and 0.02 μg 100 g-1 respectively. The effect of sample extraction and enrichment, chromatography separation parameters on the analyte, were studied in detail and optimized. Under these conditions, the method performed a good linear analytical range of 0.3-50 μg L-1, and a good repeatability with % RSD below 2.8% and recovery of 90.2-96.5% (n = 6). To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, 60 mm high-sensitivity LightPipe flow cell was included in the HPLC-DAD method for determination of the trace amount of vitamin B12 in infant food. The proposed method was further validated by analysis of FAPAS QC samples (T21120 and T21118), and it was specific and precise for the intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyan Fan
- Research and Development Department, GRA (Shanghai) Standard Technology Service Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China.
| | - Yingzhou Zhang
- Research and Development Department, GRA (Shanghai) Standard Technology Service Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China.
| | - Haiping Wu
- Research and Development Department, GRA (Shanghai) Standard Technology Service Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China.
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16
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Porębska D, Orzeł Ł, Rutkowska-Zbik D, Stochel G, van Eldik R. Ligand-Tuning of the Stability of Pd(II) Conjugates with Cyanocobalamin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157973. [PMID: 34360738 PMCID: PMC8347314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the well-known functions performed by vitamin B12 (CblCN) in biochemical processes of the human body, an increasing interest has been raised by the possibility of its use as a transmembrane drug carrier, capable, among others, of enhancing the accumulation of inorganic cytostatics in cancer cells. The present study was aimed at determining the possibility of the formation of CblCN conjugates with Pd(II) complexes. A key aspect was their stability, which we attempted to tune by appropriate choice of ligands. Syntheses, spectroscopic analysis of postreaction systems and kinetic investigations of conjugate formation reactions, have been complemented by DFT modelling. The obtained results showed that ligand charge, geometry and electron affinity may have a significant impact on carrier binding and release leading to the activation of the Pd(II) complex. This provides a rationale to expect that with appropriate composition of the coordination sphere, it will be possible to extend the spectrum of less toxic inorganic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Porębska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Łukasz Orzeł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.P.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (Ł.O.); (R.v.E.); Tel.: +48-126862486 (Ł.O.); +48-667772932 (R.v.E.)
| | - Dorota Rutkowska-Zbik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.P.); (G.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstr 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: (Ł.O.); (R.v.E.); Tel.: +48-126862486 (Ł.O.); +48-667772932 (R.v.E.)
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17
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McLaughlin M, Pallitsch K, Wallner G, van der Donk WA, Hammerschmidt F. Overall Retention of Methyl Stereochemistry during B 12-Dependent Radical SAM Methyl Transfer in Fosfomycin Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1587-1596. [PMID: 33942609 PMCID: PMC8158854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methylcobalamin-dependent radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes methylate non-nucleophilic atoms in a range of substrates. The mechanism of the methyl transfer from cobalt to the receiving atom is still mostly unresolved. Here we determine the stereochemical course of this process at the methyl group during the biosynthesis of the clinically used antibiotic fosfomycin. In vitro reaction of the methyltransferase Fom3 using SAM labeled with 1H, 2H, and 3H in a stereochemically defined manner, followed by chemoenzymatic conversion of the Fom3 product to acetate and subsequent stereochemical analysis, shows that the overall reaction occurs with retention of configuration. This outcome is consistent with a double-inversion process, first in the SN2 reaction of cob(I)alamin with SAM to form methylcobalamin and again in a radical transfer of the methyl group from methylcobalamin to the substrate. The methods developed during this study allow high-yield in situ generation of labeled SAM and recombinant expression and purification of the malate synthase needed for chiral methyl analysis. These methods facilitate the broader use of in vitro chiral methyl analysis techniques to investigate the mechanisms of other novel enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin
I. McLaughlin
- Department
of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Gabriele Wallner
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department
of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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18
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Blue TC, Davis KM. Computational Approaches: An Underutilized Tool in the Quest to Elucidate Radical SAM Dynamics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092590. [PMID: 33946806 PMCID: PMC8124187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are biological catalysts whose dynamics enable their reactivity. Visualizing conformational changes, in particular, is technically challenging, and little is known about these crucial atomic motions. This is especially problematic for understanding the functional diversity associated with the radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) superfamily whose members share a common radical mechanism but ultimately catalyze a broad range of challenging reactions. Computational chemistry approaches provide a readily accessible alternative to exploring the time-resolved behavior of these enzymes that is not limited by experimental logistics. Here, we review the application of molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and density functional theory, as well as hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods to the study of these enzymes, with a focus on understanding the mechanistic dynamics associated with turnover.
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19
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Loedin AK, Speijer D. Is There a Carcinogenic Risk Attached to Vitamin B 12 Deficient Diets and What Should We Do About It? Reviewing the Facts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000945. [PMID: 33548097 PMCID: PMC8126961 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The number of individuals partaking in veganism has increased sharply in the last decade. Therefore, it is critical to look at the implications of vegan diets for public health. Although there are multiple health benefits of a vegan diet, studies have also linked the diet with deficiencies in various micronutrients. This study focuses on vitamin B12, because of its critical role in DNA synthesis and methylation. In light of these connections, a critical review of recent scientific literature is conducted to understand the effects of a B12 deficient diet on the genome and epigenome, and whether it can give rise to cancer. It is observed that a B12 deficiency leads to increased uracil misincorporation, leading to impaired DNA synthesis and genomic instability. The deficiency also leads to global hypomethylation of DNA, a hallmark of early carcinogenesis. The findings of this study highlight the need for increased awareness among vegans to ensure adequate B12 intake through supplementation or consumption of fortified products as a preventative measure. Additionally, the biofortification of staple crops and an improved version of fermented products with increased B12 content can be developed when inadequate intake seems otherwise inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Speijer
- Amsterdam UMC, Medical BiochemistryUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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20
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Hosseini-Ashtiani N, Tadjarodi A, Zare-Dorabei R. Low molecular weight chitosan-cyanocobalamin nanoparticles for controlled delivery of ciprofloxacin: Preparation and evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:459-467. [PMID: 33607143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to project a safe nano-drug carrier composed of chitosan and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) to improve oral delivery of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP). CIP is classified in class IV of the biopharmaceutical classification system with low solubility and permeabilityA, so it has some problems if given orally. Novel conjugate of low molecular weight chitosan, as a natural biopolymer, and CNCbl was synthesized, and then drug loading and in-vitro drug release were assessed. The loading of CIP was optimized by the Design-Expert software and the central composite design method, and that the optimal drug loading efficiency (57%) was obtained via analysis of variance (ANOVA). In-vitro drug release studies showed controlled release patterns in two various conditions, namely phosphate buffer saline (pH = 7.4) and 0.1 N HCl. Functionalized nano-drug-loaded carrier showed cytotoxicity as much as that of free drug, particle size less than 100 nm as well as positive zeta potential. Due to the beneficial properties of the chitosan-based drug carrier and the suitable features of the CIP-loaded carrier, this chitosan-based nano-drug delivery system can be regarded as an ideal candidate for oral delivery of the CIP as a drug model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Hosseini-Ashtiani
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Tadjarodi
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Rouholah Zare-Dorabei
- Research Laboratory of Spectrometry & Micro and Nano Extraction, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
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21
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Abstract
Although most organisms synthesize methionine from homocysteine and methyl folates, some have “core” methionine synthases that lack folate-binding domains and use other methyl donors. In vitro, the characterized core synthases use methylcobalamin as a methyl donor, but in vivo, they probably rely on corrinoid (vitamin B12-binding) proteins. We identified four families of core methionine synthases that are distantly related to each other (under 30% pairwise amino acid identity). From the characterized enzymes, we identified the families MesA, which is found in methanogens, and MesB, which is found in anaerobic bacteria and archaea with the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. A third uncharacterized family, MesC, is found in anaerobic archaea that have the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and lack known forms of methionine synthase. We predict that most members of the MesB and MesC families accept methyl groups from the iron-sulfur corrinoid protein of that pathway. The fourth family, MesD, is found only in aerobic bacteria. Using transposon mutants and complementation, we show that MesD does not require 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or cobalamin. Instead, MesD requires an uncharacterized protein family (DUF1852) and oxygen for activity. Methionine is one of the amino acids that make up proteins, and the final step in methionine synthesis is the transfer of a methyl group. In most organisms, the methyl group is obtained from methyl folates, but some anaerobic bacteria and archaea are thought to use corrinoid (vitamin B12-binding) proteins instead. By analyzing the sequences of the potential methionine synthases across the genomes of diverse bacteria and archaea, we identified four families of folate-independent methionine synthases. For three of these families, we can use co-occurrence with corrinoid proteins to predict their likely partners. We show that the fourth family does not require vitamin B12; instead, it obtains methyl groups from an oxygen-dependent partner protein. Our results will help us understand the growth requirements of diverse bacteria and archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N. Price
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MNP); (APA)
| | - Adam M. Deutschbauer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MNP); (APA)
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22
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Osman D, Cooke A, Young TR, Deery E, Robinson NJ, Warren MJ. The requirement for cobalt in vitamin B 12: A paradigm for protein metalation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2021; 1868:118896. [PMID: 33096143 PMCID: PMC7689651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12, cobalamin, is a cobalt-containing ring-contracted modified tetrapyrrole that represents one of the most complex small molecules made by nature. In prokaryotes it is utilised as a cofactor, coenzyme, light sensor and gene regulator yet has a restricted role in assisting only two enzymes within specific eukaryotes including mammals. This deployment disparity is reflected in another unique attribute of vitamin B12 in that its biosynthesis is limited to only certain prokaryotes, with synthesisers pivotal in establishing mutualistic microbial communities. The core component of cobalamin is the corrin macrocycle that acts as the main ligand for the cobalt. Within this review we investigate why cobalt is paired specifically with the corrin ring, how cobalt is inserted during the biosynthetic process, how cobalt is made available within the cell and explore the cellular control of cobalt and cobalamin levels. The partitioning of cobalt for cobalamin biosynthesis exemplifies how cells assist metalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deenah Osman
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Anastasia Cooke
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Tessa R Young
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Evelyne Deery
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Nigel J Robinson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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23
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Halliwell T, Fisher K, Payne KAP, Rigby SEJ, Leys D. Heterologous expression of cobalamin dependent class-III enzymes. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 177:105743. [PMID: 32871253 PMCID: PMC7585037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The family of cobalamin class-III dependent enzymes is composed of the reductive dehalogenases (RDases) and related epoxyqueuosine reductases. RDases are crucial for the energy conserving process of organohalide respiration. These enzymes have the ability to reductively cleave carbon-halogen bonds, present in a number of environmentally hazardous pollutants, making them of significant interest for bioremediation applications. Unfortunately, it is difficult to obtain sufficient yields of pure RDase isolated from organohalide respiring bacteria for biochemical studies. Hence, robust heterologous expression systems are required that yield the active holo-enzyme which requires both iron-sulphur cluster and cobalamin incorporation. We present a comparative study of the heterologous expression strains Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli HMS174(DE3), Shimwellia blattae and a commercial strain of Vibrio natrigenes, for cobalamin class-III dependent enzymes expression. The Nitratireductor pacificus pht-3B reductive dehalogenase (NpRdhA) and the epoxyqueuosine reductase from Streptococcus thermophilus (StoQ) were used as model enzymes. We also analysed whether co-expression of the cobalamin transporter BtuB, supports increased cobalamin incorporation into these enzymes in E. coli. We conclude that while expression in Bacillus megaterium resulted in the highest levels of cofactor incorporation, co-expression of BtuB in E. coli presents an appropriate balance between cofactor incorporation and protein yield in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Halliwell
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Karl Fisher
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Karl A P Payne
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub (FutureBRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Stephen E J Rigby
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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24
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Mendes AC, Saldarini E, Chronakis IS. Electrohydrodynamic Processing of Potato Protein into Particles and Fibers. Molecules 2020; 25:E5968. [PMID: 33339397 PMCID: PMC7766494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato protein particles and fibers were produced using electrohydrodynamic processing (electrospray and electrospinning). The effect of different solvents and protein concentration on the morphology of the potato protein particles and fibers was investigated. Electrosprayed particles with average diameters ranging from 0.3 to 1.4 µm could be obtained using water and mixtures of water: ethanol (9:1) and water:glycerol (9:1). Electrosprayed particles were also obtained using the solvent hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) at a protein concentration of 5% wt/v. For protein concentrations above 10% wt/v, using HFIP, electrospun fibers were produced. The release of vitamin B12, as a model bioactive compound, from potato protein electrospun fibers, was also investigated, demonstrating their potential to be utilized as encapsulation and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Mendes
- DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | | | - Ioannis S. Chronakis
- DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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25
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Ventura G, Calvano CD, Losito I, Viola A, Cinquepalmi V, Cataldi TRI. In vitro reactions of a cyanocobalamin-cisplatin conjugate with nucleoside monophosphates. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8945. [PMID: 32910479 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cisplatin (CP) is a widely used anticancer drug characterized by toxic side effects that could be alleviated using novel delivery systems including CP prodrugs. The in vitro incubation of a putative prodrug, obtained from cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) and cis-diamminemonochloroplatinum(II) (mCP), with nucleoside monophosphates (NMPs) was investigated. METHODS The in vitro reactions between the putative prodrug CNCbl-mCP and the NMPs of adenosine (AMP), guanosine (GMP), cytidine (CMP) and uridine (UMP) were carried out in slightly acidic water-methanol solutions at 37°C for 24 h. Each sample was examined using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode and tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC/ESI-MS/MS) by collision-induced dissociation in a linear ion-trap mass spectrometer. RESULTS Seven adducts were recognized as formed by substitution reactions of the chloride ligand in planar CP. Comparison between observed and theoretical isotopic patterns together with MS/MS fragmentation pathways revealed the presence of single or multiple binding sites depending on the NMP involved. The CNCbl-mCP conjugate was found to interact with N7 or O4 atoms of GMP and UMP, respectively, generating single adducts, while two isomeric adducts were observed for CMP. Finally, AMP gave rise to three isomeric adducts. CONCLUSIONS In agreement with literature data relevant to the interaction between CP and NMPs, the most reactive nucleotides were AMP and GMP. The present RPLC/ESI-MS/MS approach is very promising for investigation of the reactions of CP conjugates with ribonucleotides not only in vitro but also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Andrea Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Valeria Cinquepalmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
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Abstract
The recently delineated structure- and reactivity-based concept of antivitamins B12 has begun to bear fruit by the generation, and study, of a range of such B12 -dummies, either vitamin B12 -derived, or transition metal analogues that also represent potential antivitamins B12 or specific B12 -antimetabolites. As reviewed here, this has opened up new research avenues in organometallic B12 -chemistry and bioinorganic coordination chemistry. Exploratory studies with antivitamins B12 have, furthermore, revealed some of their potential, as pharmacologically interesting compounds, for inducing B12 -deficiency in a range of organisms, from hospital resistant bacteria to laboratory mice. The derived capacity of antivitamins B12 to induce functional B12 -deficiency in mammalian cells and organs also suggest their valuable potential as growth inhibitors of cancerous human and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
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Kieninger C, Wurst K, Podewitz M, Stanley M, Deery E, Lawrence AD, Liedl KR, Warren MJ, Kräutler B. Replacement of the Cobalt Center of Vitamin B 12 by Nickel: Nibalamin and Nibyric Acid Prepared from Metal-Free B 12 Ligands Hydrogenobalamin and Hydrogenobyric Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20129-20136. [PMID: 32686888 PMCID: PMC7693184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The (formal) replacement of Co in cobalamin (Cbl) by NiII generates nibalamin (Nibl), a new transition-metal analogue of vitamin B12 . Described here is Nibl, synthesized by incorporation of a NiII ion into the metal-free B12 ligand hydrogenobalamin (Hbl), itself prepared from hydrogenobyric acid (Hby). The related NiII corrin nibyric acid (Niby) was similarly synthesized from Hby, the metal-free cobyric acid ligand. The solution structures of Hbl, and Niby and Nibl, were characterized by spectroscopic studies. Hbl features two inner protons bound at N2 and N4 of the corrin ligand, as discovered in Hby. X-ray analysis of Niby shows the structural adaptation of the corrin ligand to NiII ions and the coordination behavior of NiII . The diamagnetic Niby and Nibl, and corresponding isoelectronic CoI corrins, were deduced to be isostructural. Nibl is a structural mimic of four-coordinate base-off Cbls, as verified by its ability to act as a strong inhibitor of bacterial adenosyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Maria Stanley
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJUK
| | - Evelyne Deery
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJUK
| | | | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Martin J. Warren
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJUK
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Science ParkNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
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28
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Li F, Yang N, Yang Z, Cao W, Zhou Z, Liao X, Sun W, Yuan B. Biomimetic degradability of linear perfluorooctanesulfonate (L-PFOS): Degradation products and pathways. Chemosphere 2020; 259:127502. [PMID: 32650169 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reductive degradability and decomposition pathways of linear perfluorooctanesulfonate (L-PFOS) were investigated in a biomimetic system consisting of Ti(III)-citrate and Vitamin B12. Biomimetic degradation of L-PFOS could well be described by a first-order exponential decay model. Accompanied by the release of fluoride ion, technical PFOS could not only be transformed to perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFSAs) with perfluoroalkyl carbon chain length < C8 (thereafter referred as carbon-chain-shortened degradation products), but also be transformed to PFCAs with perfluoroalkyl carbon chain length ≥ C8 (thereafter referred as carbon-chain-lengthened degradation products). Perfluorohexanesulfonate and perfluorotetradecanoate were the most abundant carbon-chain-shortened and -lengthened degradation products of technical PFOS, respectively. Based on the various degradation products detected during biomimetic reduction of linear [1,2,3,4-13C4]-PFOS, the degradation pathways of L-PFOS were proposed as follows: L-PFOS was first reduced to C8F17• radical by cleavage of C-S bond, and then transformed to PFOA through hydrolysis. However, the carbon-chain-shortened products were not generated through the sequential chain-shortening via C8F17• radicals and/or L-PFOS, while the carbon-chain-lengthened products were not formed via C8F17• radicals by stepwise addition of CF2 moiety. In fact, C8F17• radical and/or L-PFOS were further reduced to form CnF2n+1• (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) radicals, and these radicals were chain-lengthened by stepwise addition of C4F8 moiety and eventually transformed to various degradation products via hydrolysis (PFCAs) or combination reaction with sulfonyl hydroxide (PFSAs). All carbon-chain-lengthened chemicals were first reported as the degradation products during the decomposition of L-PFOS, while carbon-chain-shortened compounds were first identified as the biomimetic reduction products of L-PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Analytical and Testing Center of Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiaobin Liao
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA.
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Wingert V, Mukherjee S, Esser AJ, Behringer S, Tanimowo S, Klenzendorf M, Derevenkov IA, Makarov SV, Jacobsen DW, Spiekerkoetter U, Hannibal L. Thiolatocobalamins repair the activity of pathogenic variants of the human cobalamin processing enzyme CblC. Biochimie 2020; 183:108-125. [PMID: 33190793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiolatocobalamins are a class of cobalamins comprised of naturally occurring and synthetic ligands. Glutathionylcobalamin (GSCbl) occurs naturally in mammalian cells, and also as an intermediate in the glutathione-dependent dealkylation of methylcobalamin (MeCbl) to form cob(I)alamin by pure recombinant CblC from C. elegans. Glutathione-driven deglutathionylation of GSCbl was demonstrated both in mammalian as well as in C. elegans CblC. Dethiolation is orders of magnitude faster than dealkylation of Co-C bonded cobalamins, which motivated us to investigate two synthetic thiolatocobalamins as substrates to repair the enzymatic activity of pathogenic CblC variants in humans. We report the synthesis and kinetic characterization of cysteaminylcobalamin (CyaCbl) and 2-mercaptopropionylglycinocobalamin (MpgCbl). Both CyaCbl and MpgCbl were obtained in high purity (90-95%) and yield (78-85%). UV-visible spectral properties agreed with those reported for other thiolatocobalamins with absorbance maxima observed at 372 nm and 532 nm. Both CyaCbl and MpgCbl bound to wild type human recombinant CblC inducing spectral blue-shifts characteristic of the respective base-on to base-off transitions. Addition of excess glutathione (GSH) resulted in rapid elimination of the β-ligand to give aquacobalamin (H2OCbl) as the reaction product under aerobic conditions. Further, CyaCbl and MpgCbl underwent spontaneous dethiolation thereby repairing the loss of activity of pathogenic variants of human CblC, namely R161G and R161Q. We posit that thiolatocobalamins could be exploited therapeutically for the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism that impair processing of dietary and supplemental cobalamin forms. While these disorders are targets for newborn screening in some countries, there is currently no effective treatment available to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wingert
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Srijan Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna J Esser
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sidney Behringer
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Segun Tanimowo
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melissa Klenzendorf
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilia A Derevenkov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei V Makarov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Donald W Jacobsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Jia C, Ching K, Kumar PV, Zhao C, Kumar N, Chen X, Das B. Vitamin B 12 on Graphene for Highly Efficient CO 2 Electroreduction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:41288-41293. [PMID: 32809795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combining the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems has emerged as a promising strategy for electrochemical CO2 reduction although developing robust, active, product-selective, and easily available, catalysts remains a major challenge. Herein, we report the electroreduction of CO2 catalyzed by cobalt and benzimidazole containing Vitamin B12 immobilized on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This hybrid system with a naturally abundant molecular catalyst produces CO with high selectivity and a constant current density in an aqueous buffer solution (pH 7.2) for over 10 h. A Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94.5% was obtained for converting CO2 to CO at an overpotential of 690 mV with a CO partial current density (jCO) of 6.24 mA cm-2 and a turnover frequency (TOF) of up to 28.6 s-1. A higher jCO (13.6 mA cm-2) and TOF (52.4 s-1) can be achieved with this system at a higher overpotential (790 mV) without affecting the product selectivity (∼94%) for CO formation. Our experimental findings are corroborated with density functional theory (DFT) studies to understand the influence of the covalently attached and redox-active benzimidazole unit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of naturally abundant vitamin being immobilized on a conductive surface for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Karin Ching
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Xianjue Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Biswanath Das
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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31
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Bodur S, Erarpat S, Balçık U, Bakırdere S. A rapid, sensitive and accurate determination of cobalamin with double monitoring system: HPLC-UV and HPLC-ICP-OES. Food Chem 2020; 340:127945. [PMID: 32889200 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed a novel analytical method for the separation and determination of cobalamin and cobalt in kefir samples by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-OES) in addition to determination of cobalamin in HPLC system. Chromatographic parameters such as column type, buffer solution, mobile phase flow rate and sample injection volume were individually studied and optimized. In addition, cobalamin was simultaneously determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). LOD values of cobalt in cobalamin and cobalt for HPLC-ICP-OES system were calculated as 0.07 mg/kg (as Co) and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively. Recovery studies were conducted to evaluate the accuracy/applicability of the method. Recovery results for cobalt in cobalamin and cobalt detected by the HPLC-ICP-OES system were calculated in the range of 87.4-100.1 and 98.8-115.0%, respectively while recovery results for cobalamin were found to be between 89.2 and 98.3% for HPLC-UV system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Bodur
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 Davutpasa, Esenler, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezin Erarpat
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 Davutpasa, Esenler, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Balçık
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 Davutpasa, Esenler, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 Davutpasa, Esenler, İstanbul, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Piyade Sokak No: 27, Çankaya, 06690 Ankara, Turkey.
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32
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Chen X, Xu J, Wong NK, Zhong S, Yang M, Liu Z, Lu Y, Li W, Zhou Y. Chemoproteomic Profiling of Cobalamin-Independent Methionine Synthases in Plants with a Covalent Probe. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8050-8056. [PMID: 32618189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cobalamin-independent methionine synthases (MS) are zinc-binding methyltransferases that catalyze de novo methionine biosynthesis in higher plants, which are enzymes critically involved in seed germination and plant growth. Here, we report a highly selective sulfonyl fluoride-based probe for chemoproteomic profiling of MS enzymes in living systems of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, as implemented in in-gel-, mass spectrometry-, and imaging-based platforms. This probe holds promise for facilitating and accelerating fundamental research and industrial application of MS enzymes, particularly in the contexts of MS1/2-targeting herbicide screening and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyuan Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Suyun Zhong
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Mengquan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Weichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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33
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Chan CW, Mondragón A. Crystal structure of an atypical cobalamin riboswitch reveals RNA structural adaptability as basis for promiscuous ligand binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7569-7583. [PMID: 32544228 PMCID: PMC7367189 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin riboswitches encompass a structurally diverse group of cis-acting, gene regulatory elements found mostly in bacterial messenger RNA and are classified into subtypes based on secondary and tertiary characteristics. An unusual variant of the cobalamin riboswitch with predicted structural features was identified in Bacillus subtilis over a decade ago, but its structure and mechanisms of cobalamin selectivity and translational control have remained unsolved. We present the crystal structure of the aptamer domain of this atypical cobalamin riboswitch and a model for the complete riboswitch, including its expression platform domain. We demonstrate that this riboswitch binds to multiple cobalamin derivatives and correlate its promiscuous behavior to its structure and unique arrangement of peripheral elements. Comparative structural analyses between conventional cobalamin riboswitches and the B. subtilis cobalamin riboswitch reveal that the likely basis for this promiscuous ligand binding is intrinsic structural adaptability encoded in the RNA structure. It suggests that cobalamin selectivity might ultimately be viewed as existing on a spectrum of affinity for each derivative rather than as belonging to distinct types based on ligand specificities. Our work provides an interesting and notable example of functional coupling of ligand-sensing and adaptive folding by a structured RNA molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarence W Chan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3500, USA
| | - Alfonso Mondragón
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3500, USA
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34
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Assis DAD, Matte C, Aschidamini B, Rodrigues E, Záchia Ayub MA. Biosynthesis of vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii ATCC 13673 using liquid acid protein residue of soybean as culture medium. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3011. [PMID: 32356411 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency still persists, mainly caused by low intake of animal food products affecting vegetarians, vegans, and populations of underdeveloped countries. In this study, we investigate the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 by potential probiotic bacterium using an agroindustry residue, the liquid acid protein residue of soybean (LAPRS), as a low-cost, animal derivate-free alternative culture medium. Cultures of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii ATCC 13673 growing in LAPRS for vitamin B12 biosynthesis were studied using the Plackett-Burman experimental approach, followed by a central composite design 22 to optimize the concentration of significant variables. We also performed a proteolytic treatment of LAPRS and evaluated the optimized-hydrolyzed medium influence on the microbial growth and metabolism in shaker flask and bioreactor experiments. In this all-plant source medium, P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii produced high concentrations of cells and high amounts of vitamin B12 (0.6 mg/g cells) after process optimization. These results suggest the possibility of producing vitamin B12 by a potential probiotic bacterium in a very cheap, animal derivate-free medium to address the needs of specific population groups, at the same time reducing the production costs of this essential vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dener Acosta de Assis
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Matte
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Aschidamini
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Rodrigues
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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35
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El-Athman F, Adrian L, Jekel M, Putschew A. Deiodination in the presence of Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain CBDB1: comparison of the native enzyme and co-factor vitamin B 12. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:32636-32644. [PMID: 31631234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triiodinated benzoic acid derivatives are widely used as contrast media for medical examinations and are found at high concentrations in urban aquatic environments. During bank filtration, deiodination of iodinated contrast media has been observed under anoxic/anaerobic conditions. While several bacterial strains capable of dechlorination and debromination have been isolated and characterized, deiodination has not yet been shown for an isolated strain. Here, we investigate dehalogenation of iodinated contrast media (ICM), triiodobenzoic acids (TIBA), and analogous chlorinated compounds by Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain CBDB1 and its corrinoid co-factor vitamin B12. No cell growth of CBDB1 was observed using iodinated compounds as electron acceptor. Only negligible deiodination occurred for ICM, whereas 2,3,5-TIBA was nearly completely deiodinated by CBDB1 without showing cell growth. Furthermore, TIBA inhibited growth with hexachlorobenzene which is usually a well-suited electron acceptor for strain CBDB1, indicating that TIBA is toxic for CBDB1. The involvement of CBDB1 enzymes in the deiodination of TIBA was verified by the absence of deiodination activity after heat inactivation. Adding iodopropane also inhibited the deiodination of TIBA by CBDB1 cells, indicating the involvement of a corrinoid-enzyme in the reductive TIBA deiodination. The results further suggest that the involved electron transport is decoupled from proton translocation and therefore growth. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El-Athman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Kieninger C, Baker JA, Podewitz M, Wurst K, Jockusch S, Lawrence AD, Deery E, Gruber K, Liedl KR, Warren MJ, Kräutler B. Zinc Substitution of Cobalt in Vitamin B 12 : Zincobyric acid and Zincobalamin as Luminescent Structural B 12 -Mimics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14568-14572. [PMID: 31420932 PMCID: PMC6790578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Replacing the central cobalt ion of vitamin B12 by other metals has been a long-held aspiration within the B12 -field. Herein, we describe the synthesis from hydrogenobyric acid of zincobyric acid (Znby) and zincobalamin (Znbl), the Zn-analogues of the natural cobalt-corrins cobyric acid and vitamin B12 , respectively. The solution structures of Znby and Znbl were studied by NMR-spectroscopy. Single crystals of Znby were produced, providing the first X-ray crystallographic structure of a zinc corrin. The structures of Znby and of computationally generated Znbl were found to resemble the corresponding CoII -corrins, making such Zn-corrins potentially useful for investigations of B12 -dependent processes. The singlet excited state of Znby had a short life-time, limited by rapid intersystem crossing to the triplet state. Znby allowed the unprecedented observation of a corrin triplet (ET =190 kJ mol-1 ) and was found to be an excellent photo-sensitizer for 1 O2 (ΦΔ =0.70).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | | | | | - Evelyne Deery
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJUK
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute for Molecular BiosciencesUniversity ofGrazAustria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
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Marvin CM, Ding S, White RE, Orlova N, Wang Q, Zywot EM, Vickerman BM, Harr L, Tarrant TK, Dayton PA, Lawrence DS. On Command Drug Delivery via Cell-Conveyed Phototherapeutics. Small 2019; 15:e1901442. [PMID: 31353802 PMCID: PMC6739139 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the use of red blood cells (RBCs) as carriers of cytoplasmically interned phototherapeutic agents is described. Photolysis promotes drug release from the RBC carrier thereby providing the means to target specific diseased sites. This strategy is realized with a vitamin B12-taxane conjugate (B12-TAX), in which the drug is linked to the vitamin via a photolabile CoC bond. The conjugate is introduced into mouse RBCs (mRBCs) via a pore-forming/pore-resealing procedure and is cytoplasmically retained due to the membrane impermeability of B12. Photolysis separates the taxane from the B12 cytoplasmic anchor, enabling the drug to exit the RBC carrier. A covalently appended Cy5 antenna sensitizes the conjugate (Cy5-B12-TAX) to far red light, thereby circumventing the intense light absorbing properties of hemoglobin (350-600 nm). Microscopy and imaging flow cytometry reveal that Cy5-B12-TAX-loaded mRBCs act as drug carriers. Furthermore, intravital imaging of mice furnish a real time assessment of circulating phototherapeutic-loaded mRBCs as well as evidence of the targeted photorelease of the taxane upon photolysis. Histopathology confirms that drug release occurs in a well resolved spatiotemporal fashion. Finally, acoustic angiography is employed to assess the consequences of taxane release at the tumor site in Nu/Nu-tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Marvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Song Ding
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rachel E White
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Natalia Orlova
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Qunzhao Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Emilia M Zywot
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brianna M Vickerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lauren Harr
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Teresa K Tarrant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David S Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Liu Y, Jiang Z, Hou X, Xie X, Shi J, Shen J, He Y, Wang Z, Feng N. Functional lipid polymeric nanoparticles for oral drug delivery: Rapid mucus penetration and improved cell entry and cellular transport. Nanomedicine 2019; 21:102075. [PMID: 31377378 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To improve Biopharmaceutics Classification System class IV drug bioavailability, mucus and underlying intestinal epithelial barriers must be overcome. Hydrophilic nanoparticle coatings may hinder cellular uptake and transport. We integrated hydrophilic, detachable poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) with vitamin B12-modified chitosan into lipid polymeric nanoparticles (H/VC-LPNs) to enhance mucus penetration, intracellular uptake, and transepithelial absorption. Multiple particle tracking revealed accelerated mucus diffusion into porcine mucus in vitro. The nanoparticles increased uptake and intracellular distribution in Caco-2 cells, which may involve intrinsic factor receptor-mediated endocytosis and intercellular tight junctions. Integration of improved mucus penetration and intracellular absorption was confirmed by in vitro internalization kinetics in HT29-MTX/Caco-2 co-cultures and in vivo distribution, transport, and mouse Peyer's patch absorption. H/VC-LPNs substantially increased curcumin bioavailability in rats. A nanocarrier with a dissociable shell, receptor-mediated intracellular penetration, and paracellular transport may be promising for oral curcumin delivery. This study identified the key factors involved in oral bioavailability enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai, China
| | - Zifei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai, China
| | - Xingmei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangpei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhi He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai, China.
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Maiorova LA, Erokhina SI, Pisani M, Barucca G, Marcaccio M, Koifman OI, Salnikov DS, Gromova OA, Astolfi P, Ricci V, Erokhin V. Encapsulation of vitamin B 12 into nanoengineered capsules and soft matter nanosystems for targeted delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110366. [PMID: 31351273 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of vitamins to a desirable area is an active branch in a modern pharmacology. The most important and difficult delivery of vitamin B12 is that to bone marrow and nerve cells. Herein we present a first step towards the development of two types of smart carriers, polymer capsules and lyotropic liquid-crystalline nanosystems, for vitamin B12 targeted delivery and induced release. A vitamin B12 encapsulation technique into nanoengineered polymeric capsules produced by layer-by-layer assembling of polymeric shells on CaCO3 templates has been developed. The effectiveness of the process was demonstrated by optical absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small-angle X-ray diffraction. TEM and AFM analyses performed on capsules after their drying, confirmed the presence of the vitamin B12 inside the capsules in the form of crystalline nanoaggregates, 50-300 nm in diameter. Soft lipid nanovectors consisting of amphiphilic phytantriol molecules, which in water excess spontaneously self-assembly in 3D well-ordered inverse bicontinuous cubic bulk phase, were used as alternative carriers for vitamin B12. It was shown that about 30% of the vitamin added in the preparation of the soft lipid system was actually encapsulated in cubosomes and that no structural changes occurred upon loading. The Vitamin stabilizes the lipid system playing the role of its structure-forming element. The biocompatible nature, the stability and the feasibility of these systems make them good candidates as carriers for hydrophilic vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Maiorova
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr., 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Svetlana I Erokhina
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, CNR-IMEM, Parma, 43124, Italy; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Michela Pisani
- Department SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Gianni Barucca
- Department SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Oscar I Koifman
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr., 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 ul. Akademicheskaya, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Denis S Salnikov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr., 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Olga A Gromova
- Institute of Pharmacoinformatics, Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia
| | - Paola Astolfi
- Department SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricci
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, CNR-IMEM, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Victor Erokhin
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, CNR-IMEM, Parma, 43124, Italy; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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40
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Zhang L, Wang H, Hu Q, Guo X, Li L, Shuang S, Gong X, Dong C. Carbon quantum dots doped with phosphorus and nitrogen are a viable fluorescent nanoprobe for determination and cellular imaging of vitamin B 12 and cobalt(II). Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:506. [PMID: 31270632 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus and nitrogen dually-doped carbon quantum dots (PN-CQDs) were prepared from sucrose, 85% phosphoric acid and 1,2-ethylenediamine as the sources for carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively. The PN-CQDs possess good water solubility and favorable biocompatibility. The excitation/emission peaks are at 365/451 nm, but bright blue, green, or red emissions are found depending on whether the excitation wavelengths of the laser are set to 408 nm, 488 nm, or 543 nm, respectively. Fluorescence is quenched by both vitamin B12 (VB12) and Co(II) by a combination of inner filter effect and static quenching. The PN-CQDs are shown to be useful nanoprobes for determination of VB12 and Co(II). Response to VB12 is linear in the range of 2.0-31 μM. The response to Co(II) is linear in two ranges, viz. from 1.7-12 μM and from 28 to 141 μM. The limit of detection of VB12 and Co(II) are 3.0 nM and 29.4 nM, respectively. The nanoprobe was successfully applied to the analyses of VB12 in drug samples and of Co(II) in spiked water samples, and it gave satisfactory results. The nanoprobe was also applied to the determination of VB12 and Co(II) in human hepatocarcinoma cells (type SMMC7721), human pulmonary epithelial cells (type BEAS-2B), human adenocarcinoma cells (type A549), and human pheochromocytoma cells (type PC12), respectively. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the quenching of the fluorescence of phosphorus and nitrogen dually-doped carbon quantum dots (PN-CQDs) by vitamin B12 (VB12) and Co(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Guo
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
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Rossier J, Nasiri Sovari S, Pavic A, Vojnovic S, Stringer T, Bättig S, Smith GS, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Zobi F. Antiplasmodial Activity and In Vivo Bio-Distribution of Chloroquine Molecules Released with a 4-(4-Ethynylphenyl)-Triazole Moiety from Organometallo-Cobalamins. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122310. [PMID: 31234469 PMCID: PMC6630517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have explored the possibility of using organometallic derivatives of cobalamin as a scaffold for the delivery of the same antimalarial drug to both erythro- and hepatocytes. This hybrid molecule approach, intended as a possible tool for the development of multi-stage antimalarial agents, pivots on the preparation of azide-functionalized drugs which, after coupling to the vitamin, are released with a 4-(4-ethynylphenyl)-triazole functionality. Three chloroquine and one imidazolopiperazine derivative (based on the KAF156 structure) were selected as model drugs. One hybrid chloroquine conjugate was extensively studied via fluorescent labelling for in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution studies and gave proof-of-concept for the design. It showed no toxicity in vivo (zebrafish model) as well as no hepatotoxicity, no cardiotoxicity or developmental toxicity of the embryos. All 4-(4-ethynylphenyl)-triazole derivatives of chloroquine were equally active against chloroquine-resistant (CQR) and chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) Plasmodium falciparum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Rossier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Nasiri Sovari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Tameryn Stringer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Sarah Bättig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Martín-Del-Campo M, Sampedro JG, Flores-Cedillo ML, Rosales-Ibañez R, Rojo L. Bone Regeneration Induced by Strontium Folate Loaded Biohybrid Scaffolds. Molecules 2019; 24:E1660. [PMID: 31035627 PMCID: PMC6539601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, regenerative medicine has paid special attention to research (in vitro and in vivo) related to bone regeneration, specifically in the treatment of bone fractures or skeletal defects, which is rising worldwide and is continually demanding new developments in the use of stem cells, growth factors, membranes and scaffolds based on novel nanomaterials, and their applications in patients by using advanced tools from molecular biology and tissue engineering. Strontium (Sr) is an element that has been investigated in recent years for its participation in the process of remodeling and bone formation. Based on these antecedents, this is a review about the Strontium Folate (SrFO), a recently developed non-protein based bone-promoting agent with interest in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to its improved features in comparison to current therapies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Martín-Del-Campo
- Departamento de Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José G Sampedro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78290, S.L.P., Mexico.
| | - María Lisseth Flores-Cedillo
- División de Ingeniería Industrial, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de San Luis Potosí, Capital, Carretera 57 Tramo Qro-SLP Km 189+100 No. 6501, Deleg, Villa de Pozos, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78421, S.L.P., Mexico.
| | - Raul Rosales-Ibañez
- Escuela de Etudios Superiores, Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico.
| | - Luis Rojo
- Departamento de Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomedica en red, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Peinado RDS, Olivier DS, Eberle RJ, de Moraes FR, Amaral MS, Arni RK, Coronado MA. Binding studies of a putative C. pseudotuberculosis target protein from Vitamin B 12 Metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6350. [PMID: 31015525 PMCID: PMC6478909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for various metabolic reactions important in living organisms. The Vitamin B12 biosynthesis is restricted to prokaryotes, which means, all eukaryotic organisms must acquire this molecule through diet. This study presents the investigation of Vitamin B12 metabolism and the characterization of precorrin-4 C(11)-methyltransferase (CobM), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of Vitamin B12 in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The analysis of the C. pseudotuberculosis genome identified two Vitamin B12-dependent pathways, which can be strongly affected by a disrupted vitamin metabolism. Molecular dynamics, circular dichroism, and NMR-STD experiments identified regions in CobM that undergo conformational changes after s-adenosyl-L-methionine binding to promote the interaction of precorrin-4, a Vitamin B12 precursor. The binding of s-adenosyl-L-methionine was examined along with the competitive binding of adenine, dATP, and suramin. Based on fluorescence spectroscopy experiments the dissociation constant for the four ligands and the target protein could be determined; SAM (1.4 ± 0.7 µM), adenine (17.8 ± 1.5 µM), dATP (15.8 ± 2.0 µM), and Suramin (6.3 ± 1.1 µM). The results provide rich information for future investigations of potential drug targets within the C. pseudotuberculosis's Vitamin B12 metabolism and related pathways to reduce the pathogen's virulence in its hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Dos S Peinado
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Departament of Physics, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Jose do Rio Preto-SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Danilo S Olivier
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Departament of Physics, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Jose do Rio Preto-SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Raphael J Eberle
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Departament of Physics, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Jose do Rio Preto-SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio R de Moraes
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Departament of Physics, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Jose do Rio Preto-SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Amaral
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79090-700, Brazil
| | - Raghuvir K Arni
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Departament of Physics, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Jose do Rio Preto-SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Monika A Coronado
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Departament of Physics, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Jose do Rio Preto-SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
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Ip K, Banov D, Bassani G, Morgan L. Physicochemical Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Methylcobalamin Injections in the Presence and Absence of Preservative and the Impact of Light Exposure. Int J Pharm Compd 2019; 23:167-175. [PMID: 31085783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylcobalamin, one of the two active forms of vitamin B12, is the most effective analog in permeation and in transportation of neurons in subcellular organelles. Formulations of methylcobalamin are only commercially available in a few countries, which make them inaccessible for most patients. Extemporaneously prepared injections become the only option for those patients. The objective of this work is to study the physical and chemical (ultrahigh- performance liquid chromatography stability-indicating method) stabilities of methylcobalamin injections in the presence and absence of preservative during 181 days (considering the stability limit as 90% of initial concentration of methylcobalamin). The light exposure stability of injections in amber serum vials or clear syringes, solution in amber or clear glassware under typical pharmacy, clinical, and laboratory settings are also presented. Methylcobalamin injections, regardless of the concentrations and inactive ingredients, remained stable for at least 181 days at room temperature when stored in amber serum vials and protected from light. These experimental data suggested that the methylcobalamin injection solutions should be protected from light completely and light exposure in pharmacy, clinical, and laboratory setting should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendice Ip
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America, Houston, Texas.
| | - Daniel Banov
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America, Houston, Texas
| | - Gus Bassani
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America, Houston, Texas
| | - Latisha Morgan
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America, Houston, Texas
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Bielytskyi P, Gräsing D, Zahn S, Mote KR, Alia A, Madhu PK, Matysik J. Assignment of NMR resonances of protons covalently bound to photochemically active cofactors in photosynthetic reaction centers by 13C- 1H photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HMQC experiment. J Magn Reson 2019; 298:64-76. [PMID: 30529893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modified versions of through-bond heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments are presented to take advantage of the light-induced hyperpolarization that occurs on 13C nuclei due to the solid-state photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) effect. Such 13C-1H photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HMQC and photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HSQC experiments are applied to acquire the 2D 13C-1H correlation spectra of selectively 13C-labeled photochemically active cofactors in the frozen quinone-blocked photosynthetic reaction center (RC) of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter (R.) sphaeroides wild-type (WT). Resulting spectra contain no correlation peaks arising from the protein backbone, which greatly simplifies the assignment of aliphatic region. Based on the photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HMQC NMR experiment, we obtained assignment of selective 1H NMR resonances of the cofactors involved in the electron transfer process in the RC and compared them with values theoretically predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculation as well as with the chemical shifts obtained from monomeric cofactors in the solution. We also compared proton chemical shifts obtained by photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HMQC experiment under continuous illumination with the ones obtained in dark by classical cross-polarization (CP) HETCOR. We expect that the proposed approach will become a method of choice for obtaining 1H chemical shift maps of the active cofactors in photosynthetic RCs and will aid the interpretation of heteronuclear spin-torch experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Bielytskyi
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Gräsing
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - A Alia
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2301 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - P K Madhu
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Benoit CR, Stanton AE, Tartanian AC, Motzer AR, McGaughey DM, Bond SR, Brody LC. Functional and phylogenetic characterization of noncanonical vitamin B 12-binding proteins in zebrafish suggests involvement in cobalamin transport. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17606-17621. [PMID: 30237171 PMCID: PMC6231144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, transport of food-derived cobalamin (vitamin B12) from the digestive system into the bloodstream involves three paralogous proteins: transcobalamin (TC), haptocorrin (HC), and intrinsic factor (IF). Each of these proteins contains two domains, an α-domain and a β-domain, which together form a cleft in which cobalamin binds. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are thought to possess only a single cobalamin transport protein, referred to as Tcn2, which is a transcobalamin homolog. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to create null alleles of tcn2 in zebrafish. Fish homozygous for tcn2-null alleles were viable and exhibited no obvious developmentally or behaviorally abnormal phenotypes. For this reason, we hypothesized that previously unidentified cobalamin-carrier proteins encoded in the zebrafish genome may provide an additional pathway for cobalamin transport. We identified genes predicted to code for two such proteins, Tcn-beta-a (Tcnba) and Tcn-beta-b (Tcnbb), which differ from all previously characterized cobalamin transport proteins as they lack the α-domain. These β-domain-only proteins are representative of an undescribed class of cobalamin-carrier proteins that are highly conserved throughout the ray-finned fishes. We observed that the genes encoding the three cobalamin transport homologs, tcn2, tcnba, and tcnbb, are expressed in unique spatial and temporal patterns in the developing zebrafish. Moreover, exogenously expressed recombinant Tcnba and Tcnbb bound cobalamin with high affinity, comparable with binding by full-length Tcn2. Taken together, our results suggest that this noncanonical protein structure has evolved to fully function as a cobalamin-carrier protein, thereby allowing for a compensatory cobalamin transport mechanism in the tcn2-/- zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Benoit
- From the Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Abigail E Stanton
- From the Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Aileen C Tartanian
- From the Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Andrew R Motzer
- From the Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - David M McGaughey
- From the Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Stephen R Bond
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Lawrence C Brody
- From the Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
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Wang B, Blaszczyk A, Knox HL, Zhou S, Blaesi EJ, Krebs C, Wang RX, Booker SJ. Stereochemical and Mechanistic Investigation of the Reaction Catalyzed by Fom3 from Streptomyces fradiae, a Cobalamin-Dependent Radical S-Adenosylmethionine Methylase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4972-4984. [PMID: 30036047 PMCID: PMC6554712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fom3, a cobalamin-dependent radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methylase, has recently been shown to catalyze the methylation of carbon 2″ of cytidylyl-2-hydroxyethylphosphonate (HEP-CMP) to form cytidylyl-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate (HPP-CMP) during the biosynthesis of fosfomycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It has been hypothesized that a 5'-deoxyadenosyl 5'-radical (5'-dA•) generated from the reductive cleavage of SAM abstracts a hydrogen atom from HEP-CMP to prime the substrate for addition of a methyl group from methylcobalamin (MeCbl); however, the mechanistic details of this reaction remain elusive. Moreover, it has been reported that Fom3 catalyzes the methylation of HEP-CMP to give a mixture of the ( S)-HPP and ( R)-HPP stereoisomers, which is rare for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Herein, we describe a detailed biochemical investigation of a Fom3 that is purified with 1 equiv of its cobalamin cofactor bound, which is almost exclusively in the form of MeCbl. Electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopies confirm that Fom3 contains one [4Fe-4S] cluster. Using deuterated enantiomers of HEP-CMP, we demonstrate that the 5'-dA• generated by Fom3 abstracts the C2″- pro-R hydrogen of HEP-CMP and that methyl addition takes place with inversion of configuration to yield solely ( S)-HPP-CMP. Fom3 also sluggishly converts cytidylyl-ethylphosphonate to the corresponding methylated product but more readily acts on cytidylyl-2-fluoroethylphosphonate, which exhibits a lower C2″ homolytic bond-dissociation energy. Our studies suggest a mechanism in which the substrate C2″ radical, generated upon hydrogen atom abstraction by the 5'-dA•, directly attacks MeCbl to transfer a methyl radical (CH3•) rather than a methyl cation (CH3+), directly forming cob(II)alamin in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Anthony Blaszczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Hayley L. Knox
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shengbin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Blaesi
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Carsten Krebs
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Roy X. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Squire J. Booker
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Abstract
Fom3, the antepenultimate enzyme in the fosfomycin biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces spp., is a class B cobalamin-dependent radical SAM methyltransferase that catalyzes methylation of (5'-cytidylyl)-2-hydroxyethylphosphonate (2-HEP-CMP) to form (5'-cytidylyl)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate (2-HPP-CMP). Previously, the reaction of Fom3 with 2-HEP-CMP produced 2-HPP-CMP with mixed stereochemistry at C2. Mechanistic characterization has been challenging because of insoluble expression and poor cobalamin (B12) incorporation in Escherichia coli. Recently, soluble E. coli expression and incorporation of cobalamin into Fom3 were achieved by overexpression of the BtuCEDFB cobalamin uptake system. Herein, we use this new method to obtain Fom3 from Streptomyces wedmorensis. We show that the initiator 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical stereospecifically abstracts the pro- R hydrogen atom from the C2 position of 2-HEP-CMP and use the downstream enzymes FomD and Fom4 to demonstrate that our preparation of Fom3 produces only (2 S)-2-HPP-CMP. Additionally, we show that the added methyl group originates from SAM under multiple-turnover conditions, but the first turnover uses a methyl donor already present on the enzyme; furthermore, cobalamin isolated from Fom3 reaction mixtures contains methyl groups derived from SAM. These results are consistent with a model in which Fom3 catalyzes methyl transfer from SAM to cobalamin and the resulting methylcobalamin (MeCbl) is the ultimate methyl source for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin I. McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Carl W. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry and Carl W. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Heal KR, Qin W, Amin SA, Devol AH, Moffett JW, Armbrust EV, Stahl DA, Ingalls AE. Accumulation of NO 2 -cobalamin in nutrient-stressed ammonia-oxidizing archaea and in the oxygen deficient zone of the eastern tropical North Pacific. Environ Microbiol Rep 2018; 10:453-457. [PMID: 30022612 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobalamin (vitamin B12 ) is a precious resource in natural systems that is produced by select prokaryotes and required by a broad range of organisms. In this way, the production of cobalamin reinforces numerous microbial interdependencies. Here we report the accumulation of an unusual form of cobalamin, nitrocobalamin (NO2 -cobalamin), in a marine oxygen deficient zone (ODZ), isolates of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria enriched bioreactor. Low oxygen waters were enriched in NO2 -cobalamin, and AOA isolates experiencing ammonia or copper stress produced more NO2 -cobalamin, though there is wide strain-to-strain and batch-to-batch variability. NO2 -cobalamin has no known biochemical role. We hypothesize that AOA and anammox bacteria are a source of marine NO2 -cobalamin in the environment via a reactive nitrogen intermediate. These findings suggest connections between cobalamin forms and nitrogen transformations, physiological stress and ocean deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Heal
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shady A Amin
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Allan H Devol
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James W Moffett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - David A Stahl
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anitra E Ingalls
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zhu J, Gao Y, Sun D, Wei Y. Serum folate and cobalamin levels and urinary dimethylarsinic acid in US children and adults. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:17168-17175. [PMID: 29651724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status could affect arsenic metabolism and toxicity in the general population chronically exposed to low levels of inorganic arsenic. In this study, we examined the association of serum folate and cobalamin with urinary concentrations of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), the most abundant metabolite of inorganic arsenic measured in urine, in children and adults who participated in the 2003-2006 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. A total of 1161 children (aged 6-19 years) and 1938 adults (aged 20-85 years) were analyzed for the association using multivariate general linear models, adjusting for potential confounders. We observed a positive association between serum levels of folate and cobalamin and creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of DMA in both children and adults. Furthermore, serum levels of folate and cobalamin were inversely associated with homocysteine (Hcy). These results suggest that dietary intake of folate and cobalamin may exhibit protective functions against arsenic toxicity by increasing arsenic metabolism to the less toxic metabolite DMA and decreasing serum levels of Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yudan Wei
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St, Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
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