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Roy A, Trigun SK. The restoration of hippocampal nerve de-myelination by methylcobalamin relates with the enzymatic regulation of homocysteine level in a rat model of moderate grade hepatic encephalopathy. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23695. [PMID: 38511258 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This article describes how methylcobalamin (MeCbl) restores nerve myelination in a moderate- grade hepatic encephalopathy (MoHE) model of ammonia neurotoxicity. The comparative profiles of myelin basic protein (MBP), homocysteine (Hcy) and methionine synthase (MS: a MeCbl- dependent enzyme) activity versus nerve myelination status were studied in the hippocampus of the control, the MoHE (developed by administering 100 mg/kg bw thioacetamide i.p. for 10 days) and the MoHE rats treated with MeCbl (500 µg/kg BW i.p.) for 7 days. Compared to those of control rats, the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions of the MoHE rats showed significantly lower myelinated areas and MBP immunostaining. This coincided with the deranged myelin layering in TEM images, decreased MBP protein and its transcript levels in hippocampus of MoHE rats. However, all these parameters recovered to normal levels after MeCbl treatment. MeCbl is a cofactor of MS that catalyzes the conversion of Hcy to methionine as a feeder step of methylation reactions. We observed significantly increased serum and hippocampal Hcy levels in MoHE rats, however, these levels were restored to control values with a concordant activation of MS due to MeCbl treatment. A significant recovery in neurobehavioral impairments in the MoHE rats due to MeCbl treatment was also observed. These findings suggest that MoHE pathogenesis is associated with deranged nerve myelination in the hippocampus and that MeCbl treatment is able to restore it mainly by activating MS, a MeCbl-dependent Hcy-metabolizing enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anima Roy
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Andoh T, Kikukawa T, Kotani A, Kurokawa Y, Asakura W, Houmoto K, Fukutomi D, Uta D, Okai H, Koike K. Combined effect of Neurotropin® and methylcobalamin on postherpetic neuralgia in mice infected with herpes simplex virus type-1. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:138-147. [PMID: 38429137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postherpetic pain (PHP) is difficult to control. Although Neurotropin® (NTP) and methylcobalamin (MCB) are often prescribed to treat the pain, the efficacy of combined treatment for PHP remains imcompletely understood. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigate the combined effects of NTP and MCB on PHP in mice. METHODS NTP and MCB were administered from day 10-29 after herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection. The pain-related responses were evaluated using a paint brush. The expression of neuropathy-related factor (ATF3) and nerve repair factors (GAP-43 and SPRR1A) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and neurons in the skin were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) mRNA expression levels were evaluated using real-time PCR. RESULTS Repeated treatment with NTP and MCB after the acute phase inhibited PHP. Combined treatment with these drugs inhibited PHP at an earlier stage than either treatment alone. In the DRG of HSV-1-infected mice, MCB, but not NTP, decreased the number of cells expressing ATF3 and increased the number of cells expressing GAP-43- and SPRR1A. In addition, MCB, but not NTP, also increased and recovered non-myelinated neurons decreased in the lesional skin. NTP increased the mRNA levels of NTF3 in keratinocytes, while MCB increased that of NGF in Schwann cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that combined treatment with NTP and MCB is useful for the treatment of PHP. The combined effect may be attributed to the different analgesic mechanisms of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsugunobu Andoh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kotani
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoko Kurokawa
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Wakana Asakura
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kengo Houmoto
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukutomi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Okai
- Department of Pharmacological Research, Institute of Bio-active Science, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Koike
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Bio-active Science, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hyogo, Japan
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Kobayashi M, Miwa T, Mori E, Shiga H, Tsuzuki K, Okutani F, Hayama M, Akazawa H, Nakamura Y, Suzuki M, Matsuwaki Y, Ogino E, Shikina T, Ikeda K, Hyo Y, Kashiwagi T, Kondo K, Shibata M, Ueno T. Efficacy of tokishakuyakusan and mecobalamin on post-infectious olfactory dysfunction: A prospective multicenter study. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:99-105. [PMID: 37120318 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if tokishakuyakusan (TSS) is effective for treating post-infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) compared with vitamin B12 (mecobalamin). METHODS We conducted a randomized, nonblinded clinical trial. Patients with PIOD enrolled in 17 hospitals and clinics from 2016 to 2020 were randomly divided into two groups, and we administered TSS or mecobalamin for 24 weeks. Their olfactory function was examined using interviews and T&T olfactometry. The improvement of olfactory dysfunction was assessed following the criteria of the Japanese Rhinologic Society. RESULTS Overall, 82 patients with PIOD were enrolled in this study. In the TSS and mecobalamin groups, 39 patients completed the medication regimen. In the TSS and mecobalamin groups, olfactory dysfunction was significantly improved based on self-reports and olfactory test results. The improvement rate of olfactory dysfunction was 56% in the TSS group and 59% in the mecobalamin group. Early intervention within 3 months produced a better prognosis than the treatment initiated after 4 months. Furthermore, age and sex differences were not observed. Both medications produced no severe adverse events. CONCLUSION The present study showed that TSS and mecobalamin might be useful for treating PIOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan.
| | - Eri Mori
- Dpartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shiga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Kenzo Tsuzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Fumino Okutani
- Department of Occupational Health and Otolaryngology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Nishinomiya City, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Akazawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Motohiko Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Katsuhisa Ikeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiyoshi Hyo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kashiwagi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minori Shibata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Dereven’kov IA, Sakharova ES, Osokin VS, Makarov SV. Aquacobalamin Accelerates Orange II Destruction by Peroxymonosulfate Via the Transient Formation of Secocorrinoid: A Mechanistic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911907. [PMID: 36233209 PMCID: PMC9569875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its use in medicine, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and its derivatives have found in numerous applications as catalysts. However, studies related to the activation of oxidants via cobalamin are scant. In this work, we showed how the addition of aquacobalamin (H2OCbl) accelerates the destruction of azo-dye Orange II by peroxymonosulfate (HSO5−) in aqueous solutions. In neutral and weakly alkaline media, the process is initiated by the modification of the corrin macrocycle with HSO5−, which requires the preliminary deprotonation of the aqua-ligand in H2OCbl to give hydroxocobalamin, producing 5,6-dioxo-5,6-secocobalamin or its isomer (14,15-dioxo-14,15-secocobalamin). In acidic solutions, where the concentration of hydroxocobalamin is negligible, the formation of dioxo-seco-species is not observed, and the reaction between H2OCbl and HSO5− results in slow chromophore bleaching. Using terephthalic acid, we demonstrated the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the mixture of H2OCbl with HSO5−, whereas the generation of sulfate radicals was proved by comparing the effects of ethanol and nitrobenzene on Orange II destruction using the H2OCbl/HSO5− system. The reaction mechanism includes the binding of HSO5− to the Co(III) ion of dioxo-secocobalamin, which results in its deprotonation and the labilization of the O-O bond, leading to the formation of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals which further react with Orange II.
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Kuwasako K, Suzuki S, Nameki N, Takizawa M, Takahashi M, Tsuda K, Nagata T, Watanabe S, Tanaka A, Kobayashi N, Kigawa T, Güntert P, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S, Muto Y. 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments and solution structures of the KH domain of human ribosome binding factor A, mtRbfA, involved in mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis. Biomol NMR Assign 2022; 16:297-303. [PMID: 35666428 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-022-10094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a complicated, multistage process coordinated by ribosome assembly factors. Ribosome binding factor A (RbfA) is a bacterial one, which possesses a single structural type-II KH domain. By this domain, RbfA binds to a 16S rRNA precursor in small ribosomal subunits to promote its 5'-end processing. The human RbfA homolog, mtRbfA, binds to 12S rRNAs in the mitoribosomal small subunits and promotes its critical maturation process, the dimethylation of two highly conserved consecutive adenines, which differs from that of RbfA. However, the structural basis of the mtRbfA-mediated maturation process is poorly understood. Herein, we report the 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments of the KH domain of mtRbfA and its solution structure. The mtRbfA domain adopts essentially the same α1-β1-β2-α2(kinked)-β3 topology as the type-II KH domain. Comparison with the RbfA counterpart showed structural differences in specific regions that function as a putative RNA-binding site. Particularly, the α2 helix of mtRbfA forms a single helix with a moderate kink at the Ser-Ala-Ala sequence, whereas the corresponding α2 helix of RbfA is interrupted by a distinct kink at the Ala-x-Gly sequence, characteristic of bacterial RbfA proteins, to adopt an α2-kink-α3 conformation. Additionally, the region linking α1 and β1 differs considerably in the sequence and structure between RbfA and mtRbfA. These findings suggest some variations of the RNA-binding mode between them and provide a structural basis for mtRbfA function in mitoribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Kuwasako
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN, Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sakura Suzuki
- RIKEN, Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Nameki
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu-shi, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takizawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Mari Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN, Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kengo Tsuda
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN, Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Energy and Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Yokohama NMR Facility, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Yokohama NMR Facility, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takanori Kigawa
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Peter Güntert
- Tatsuo Miyazawa Memorial Program, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN, Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- RIKEN, Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Muto
- RIKEN Center for Life Science and Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- RIKEN, Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.
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Ren X, Chou Y, Wang Y, Jing D, Chen Y, Li X. The Utility of Oral Vitamin B1 and Mecobalamin to Improve Corneal Nerves in Dry Eye Disease: An In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183750. [PMID: 36145126 PMCID: PMC9504679 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our purpose is to demonstrate the changes in cornea nerve parameters and symptoms and signs in dry eye disease (DED) patients after oral vitamin B1 and mecobalamin treatment. In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, DED patients were randomly assigned to either the treatment group (oral vitamin B1 and mecobalamin, artificial tears) or the control group (artificial tears). Corneal nerve parameters via in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), DED symptoms, and signs were assessed at baseline and 1 and 3 months post-treatment. In total, 398 eyes from 199 patients were included. In the treatment group, there were significant improvements in corneal nerve length, width, and neuromas, the sign of conjunctival congestion score (CCS), symptoms of dryness, pain, photophobia, blurred vision, total symptom score, and OSDI (OSDI) at 1/3 months post-treatment (all p < 0.05). Patients who received vitamin B1 and mecobalamin showed greater improvement in CCS, dryness scores at 1 month (p < 0.05), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) (p = 0.012), photophobia (p = 0.032), total symptom scores (p = 0.041), and OSDI (p = 0.029) at 3 months. Greater continuous improvement in CFS (p = 0.045), dryness (p = 0.033), blurred vision (p = 0.031) and total symptom scores (p = 0.023) was demonstrated at 3 months than at 1 month post-treatment in the treatment group. We found that oral vitamin B1 and mecobalamin can improve corneal nerve length, width, reflectivity and the number of neuromas in IVCM, thereby repairing epithelial cells and alleviating some ocular symptoms. Thus, vitamin B1 and mecobalamin are potential treatment options for patients with DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yilin Chou
- Department of Ophthalmology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dalan Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163311, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15611908409
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Čorejová A, Fazekaš T, Jánošíková D, Repiský J, Pospíšilová V, Miková M, Rauová D, Ostatníková D, Kyselovič J, Hrabovská A. Improvement of the Clinical and Psychological Profile of Patients with Autism after Methylcobalamin Syrup Administration. Nutrients 2022; 14:2035. [PMID: 35631176 PMCID: PMC9144375 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Autism, also known as autism-spectrum disorder, is a pervasive developmental disorder affecting social skills and psychological status in particular. The complex etiopathogenesis of autism limits efficient therapy, which leads to problems with the normal social integration of the individual and causes severe family distress. Injectable methylcobalamin was shown to improve the clinical status of patients via enhanced cell oxidative status and/or methylation capacity. Here we tested the efficiency of a syrup form of methylcobalamin in treating autism. (2) Methods: Methylcobalamin was administered daily at 500 µg dose to autistic children and young adults (n = 25) during a 200-day period. Clinical and psychological status was evaluated by parents and psychologists and plasma levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and cysteine were determined before the treatment, and at day 100 and day 200 of the treatment. (3) Results: Good patient compliance was reported. Methylcobalamin treatment gradually improved the overall clinical and psychological status, with the highest impact in the social domain, followed by the cognitive, behavioral and communication characteristics. Changes in the clinical and psychological status were strongly associated with the changes in the level of reduced glutathione and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio. (4) Conclusion: A high dose of methylcobalamin administered in syrup form ameliorates the clinical and psychological status of autistic individuals, probably due to the improved oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Čorejová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Fazekaš
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Jánošíková
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, Trnava University, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia; (D.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Juraj Repiský
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, Trnava University, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia; (D.J.); (J.R.)
| | | | - Maria Miková
- Autism Center FRANCESCO in Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia;
| | - Drahomíra Rauová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Ostatníková
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ján Kyselovič
- Clinical Research Unit, 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Anna Hrabovská
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Good L, Lieu Y, Banov F, Harger B, Banov D. The Potential Effects of a Compounded Methylcobalamin Nasal Spray on Short-term Memory Loss After Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Case Report. Int J Pharm Compd 2022; 26:110-115. [PMID: 35413009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Short-term memory loss is a common complication after intracranial hemorrhage or traumatic brain injury. FDA-approved cholinesterase inhibitors for memory symptoms of Alzheimer's disease have not been proven effective for improving memory impairment resulting from a hemorrhagic event. The purpose of this case study was to present the potential effectiveness of a compounded nasal spray containing methylcobalamin in improving short-term memory function in a patient post-intracranial hemorrhage. The patient started to administer the methylcobalamin nasal spray once daily after suffering from short-term memory loss for four years. His verbal memory, visual memory, and quality of life were assessed by the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Benton Visual Retention Test, and the 36-Item Short Form Survey, respectively, at baseline and 30 days after treatment. The delayed recall test was repeated after 60 days. After 30 days of treatment, the patient received improved scores in both verbal and visual memory tests, as well as improved self-reported quality of life. The patient became less dependent on phone reminders in daily life. The improvement in delayed recall remained significant after 60 days of treatment. This case report suggests a potentially safe and effective therapy for attenuating short-term memory impairment after intracranial hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Good
- Ruston Wellness and Compounding Pharmacy, Ruston, Louisiana
| | - Yi Lieu
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA), Houston, Texas.
| | | | | | - Daniel Banov
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA), Houston, Texas
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Toda MJ, Lodowski P, Mamun AA, Kozlowski PM. Electronic and photolytic properties of hydridocobalamin. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 224:112295. [PMID: 34548209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydridocobalamin (HCbl), is a known member of the B12 family of molecules (cobalamins, Cbls) yet unlike other well-studied Cbls, little is known of the electronic and photolytic properties of this species. Interest in HCbl has increased significantly in recent years when at least three experimentally proposed mechanisms implicate HCbl as an intermediary in the photoreaction of coenzyme B12-dependent photoreceptor CarH. Specifically, cleavage of the Co-C5' bond of coenzyme B12 could lead to a β-hydride or β‑hydrogen elimination reaction to form HCbl. HCbl is known to be a transient species where the oxidation state of the Co is variable; Co(I)-H+ ↔ Co(II)-H ↔ Co(III)-H-. Further, HCbl is a very unstable with a pKa of ~1. This complicates experimental studies and to the best of our knowledge there are no available crystal structures of HCbl - either for the isolated molecule or bound to an enzyme. In this study, the electronic structure, photolytic properties, and reactivity of HCbl were explored to determine the preferred oxidation state as well as its potential role in the formation of the photoproduct in CarH. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed to determine the oxidation state of Co in isolated HCbl. Based on the NBO analysis of HCbl, Co clearly had excess negative charge, which is in stark contrast to other alkylCbls where the Co ion is marked by significant positive charge. In sum, NBO results indicate that the CoH bond is strongly polarized and almost ionic. It can be described as protonated Co(I). In addition, DFT was used to explore the bond dissociation energy of HCbl based on homolytic cleavage of the CoH bond. TD-DFT calculations were used to compare computed electronic transitions to the experimentally determined absorption spectrum. The photoreaction of CarH was explored using an isolated model system and a pathway for hydrogen transfer was found. Finally, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations were employed to investigate the formation of HCbl in CarH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Toda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Piotr Lodowski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, PL-40 006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Pawel M Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
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10
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Eteghadi MR, Nasehi M, Vaseghi S, Hesami-Tackallou S. The effect of Crocin on TFAM and PGC-1α expression and Catalase and Superoxide dismutase activities following cholestasis-induced neuroinflammation in the striatum of male Wistar rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1791-1801. [PMID: 34019207 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bile secretion is a physiological function that is disrupted following Bile Duct Ligation (BDL) and induces cholestasis. Cholestasis is a bile flow reduction that induces apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and alters the expression of genes. Evidence shows the relationship between cholestasis and neuroinflammation. Cholestasis via attenuating mitochondrial biogenesis and anti-oxidant activity can induce neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (TFAM) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, and TFAM, PGC-1α, Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) have a role in upregulating antioxidant pathways. On the other hand, many studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of Crocin, the water-soluble carotenoid of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Crocin on the level of TFAM, PGC-1α, CAT, and SOD following cholestasis-induced neuroinflammation in the rat's striatum. Cholestasis was induced by BDL surgery and administration of Crocin was intraperitoneal, at the dose of 30 mg/kg every day, 24 h after BDL surgery up to thirty days. The results showed that TFAM, PGC-1α, and SOD were decreased following cholestasis; while, CAT was increased. In addition, Crocin restored the effects of cholestasis on the level of TFAM, PGC-1α, and SOD. In conclusion, Crocin may have improvement effects on cholestasis-induced neuroinflammation in the rat's striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Eteghadi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hesami-Tackallou
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Zhang Y, Fan D, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wang H. Using corneal confocal microscopy to compare Mecobalamin intramuscular injections vs oral tablets in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a RCT. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14697. [PMID: 34282267 PMCID: PMC8290034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This randomized controlled study used corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to compare the efficacy of Mecobalamin intramuscular injections vs oral tablets in treating mild to moderate diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by detecting early nerve fiber repair. Enrolled patients were randomized approximately 1:1 to receive Mecobalamin intramuscular injections (0.5 mg/day, 3 times/week) or Mecobalamin oral tablets (1.5 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Primary outcome was change of inferior whorl length (IWL) from baseline. Secondary outcomes included changes of corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL), corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) and the Survey of Autonomic Symptoms (SAS). 15 (93.75%) patients in the injection group and 17 (89.47%) patients in the tablet group completed the study. The injection treatment significantly improved patients' IWL from baseline (21.64 ± 3.00 mm/mm2 vs 17.64 ± 4.83 mm/mm2, P < 0.01) while the tablet treatment didn't. Additionally, the injection treatment led to significantly improved CNFL, CNBD and SAS from baseline (all P < 0.05) while the tablet treatment did not. No patient experienced any adverse events. In conclusion, CCM is sensitive enough to detect the superior efficacy of 8-week Mecobalamin intramuscular injection treatment for DPN compared to the oral tablet treatment.ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT04372316 (30/04/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Zhang
- Neurology Department, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Neurology Department, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Neurology Department, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Neurology Department, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Neurology Department, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
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12
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He Q, Chen B, Chen S, Zhang M, Duan L, Feng X, Chen J, Zhou L, Chen L, Duan Y. MBP-activated autoimmunity plays a role in arsenic-induced peripheral neuropathy and the potential protective effect of mecobalamin. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:1243-1253. [PMID: 33739591 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intake excessive arsenic (As) is related to the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy. However, both the underlying mechanism and the preventive approach remain largely unknown. In the present study, As treatment significantly decreased the mechanical withdrawal threshold and increased the titer of anti-myelin basic protein antibody in rats, accompanied with damaged BNB. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes were also significantly upregulated. However, administration of MeCbl in As-treated rats significantly reversed the decline in hindfoot mechanical withdrawal threshold, as well as BNB failure and sciatic nerve inflammation. Repeated As treatment in athymic nude mice indicated that sciatic nerve inflammation and mechanical hyperalgesia were T cell-dependent. These data implicated that MBP-activated autoimmunity and the related neuroinflammation probably contributed to As-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and MeCbl exerted a protective role probably via maintenance the integrity of BNB and inhibition of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qican He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lidan Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Experimental Center for Preventive Medicine, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lezhou Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lv Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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McLaughlin M, Pallitsch K, Wallner G, van der Donk WA, Hammerschmidt F. Overall Retention of Methyl Stereochemistry during B 12-Dependent Radical SAM Methyl Transfer in Fosfomycin Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1587-1596. [PMID: 33942609 PMCID: PMC8158854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methylcobalamin-dependent radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes methylate non-nucleophilic atoms in a range of substrates. The mechanism of the methyl transfer from cobalt to the receiving atom is still mostly unresolved. Here we determine the stereochemical course of this process at the methyl group during the biosynthesis of the clinically used antibiotic fosfomycin. In vitro reaction of the methyltransferase Fom3 using SAM labeled with 1H, 2H, and 3H in a stereochemically defined manner, followed by chemoenzymatic conversion of the Fom3 product to acetate and subsequent stereochemical analysis, shows that the overall reaction occurs with retention of configuration. This outcome is consistent with a double-inversion process, first in the SN2 reaction of cob(I)alamin with SAM to form methylcobalamin and again in a radical transfer of the methyl group from methylcobalamin to the substrate. The methods developed during this study allow high-yield in situ generation of labeled SAM and recombinant expression and purification of the malate synthase needed for chiral methyl analysis. These methods facilitate the broader use of in vitro chiral methyl analysis techniques to investigate the mechanisms of other novel enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin
I. McLaughlin
- Department
of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Gabriele Wallner
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department
of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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14
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Gong Y, Zhan Y, Yuan T, Liao Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Zheng Y, Bao Y. Association of HTRA1 and CFH gene polymorphisms with age-related macular degeneration in Ningbo, China. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:995-1002. [PMID: 33387109 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of blindness, and the incidence of this disease has been increasing in recent years. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the high temperature requirement factor A-1 (HTRA1) and complement factor H (CFH) genes and susceptibility to AMD in Ningbo, China. METHODS Ninety-eight patients with AMD and seventy-three controls were recruited at the Sixth Hospital of Ningbo from August 2017 to April 2019 in China. Genomic DNA was extracted from the venous blood provided by the hospital, and the genotypes of the AMD susceptibility genes CFH and HTAR1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced directly. The SNPs rs11200638 on the HTRA1 gene and rs3753394 on the CFH gene were selected for genotype and association analysis. The correlations between the different genotypes of HTRA1 and CFH and AMD were analysed by the Chi-squared test. RESULTS All the genotypes adhered to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were three genotypes (AA, AG and GG) in HTRA1 (rs11200638). The differences in genotypes and allele frequency between the AMD group and the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The A allele was a risk allele (OR: 4.19, 95% Cl: 2.28 ~ 7.70, P < 0.05), with a frequency of 61.7% in patients versus 43.8% in controls. However, the rs3753394 SNP in CFH was not associated with AMD in our study (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The rs11200638 SNP of the HTRA1 gene is associated with AMD, and the AA genotype is a risk factor for AMD in the Ningbo population. There is no significant correlation between the rs3753394 SNP of the CFH gene and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Department of Eyes, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Eyes, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yanhong Liao
- Department of Eyes, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Eyes, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Eyes, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yuanhao Zheng
- Department of Eyes, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yongbo Bao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
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15
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Corkery DP, Nadeem A, Aung KM, Hassan A, Liu T, Cervantes-Rivera R, Lystad AH, Wang H, Persson K, Puhar A, Simonsen A, Uhlin BE, Wai SN, Wu YW. Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin MakA induces noncanonical autophagy resulting in the spatial inhibition of canonical autophagy. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252015. [PMID: 33106317 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an essential role in the defense against many microbial pathogens as a regulator of both innate and adaptive immunity. Some pathogens have evolved sophisticated mechanisms that promote their ability to evade or subvert host autophagy. Here, we describe a novel mechanism of autophagy modulation mediated by the recently discovered Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin, motility-associated killing factor A (MakA). pH-dependent endocytosis of MakA by host cells resulted in the formation of a cholesterol-rich endolysosomal membrane aggregate in the perinuclear region. Aggregate formation induced the noncanonical autophagy pathway driving unconventional LC3 (herein referring to MAP1LC3B) lipidation on endolysosomal membranes. Subsequent sequestration of the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 E3-like enzyme complex, required for LC3 lipidation at the membranous aggregate, resulted in an inhibition of both canonical autophagy and autophagy-related processes, including the unconventional secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). These findings identify a novel mechanism of host autophagy modulation and immune modulation employed by V. cholerae during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale P Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aftab Nadeem
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kyaw Min Aung
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Ramón Cervantes-Rivera
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alf Håkon Lystad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Karina Persson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Puhar
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernt Eric Uhlin
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
Although most organisms synthesize methionine from homocysteine and methyl folates, some have “core” methionine synthases that lack folate-binding domains and use other methyl donors. In vitro, the characterized core synthases use methylcobalamin as a methyl donor, but in vivo, they probably rely on corrinoid (vitamin B12-binding) proteins. We identified four families of core methionine synthases that are distantly related to each other (under 30% pairwise amino acid identity). From the characterized enzymes, we identified the families MesA, which is found in methanogens, and MesB, which is found in anaerobic bacteria and archaea with the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. A third uncharacterized family, MesC, is found in anaerobic archaea that have the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and lack known forms of methionine synthase. We predict that most members of the MesB and MesC families accept methyl groups from the iron-sulfur corrinoid protein of that pathway. The fourth family, MesD, is found only in aerobic bacteria. Using transposon mutants and complementation, we show that MesD does not require 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or cobalamin. Instead, MesD requires an uncharacterized protein family (DUF1852) and oxygen for activity. Methionine is one of the amino acids that make up proteins, and the final step in methionine synthesis is the transfer of a methyl group. In most organisms, the methyl group is obtained from methyl folates, but some anaerobic bacteria and archaea are thought to use corrinoid (vitamin B12-binding) proteins instead. By analyzing the sequences of the potential methionine synthases across the genomes of diverse bacteria and archaea, we identified four families of folate-independent methionine synthases. For three of these families, we can use co-occurrence with corrinoid proteins to predict their likely partners. We show that the fourth family does not require vitamin B12; instead, it obtains methyl groups from an oxygen-dependent partner protein. Our results will help us understand the growth requirements of diverse bacteria and archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N. Price
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MNP); (APA)
| | - Adam M. Deutschbauer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MNP); (APA)
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17
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Didangelos T, Karlafti E, Kotzakioulafi E, Margariti E, Giannoulaki P, Batanis G, Tesfaye S, Kantartzis K. Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Diabetic Neuropathy: A 1-Year, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:395. [PMID: 33513879 PMCID: PMC7912007 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of normalizing vitamin B12 (B12) levels with oral B12 (methylcobalamin) 1000 μg/day for one year in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 90 patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin for at least four years and both peripheral and autonomic DN were randomized to an active treatment group (n = 44) receiving B12 and a control group (n = 46) receiving a placebo. All patients had B12 levels less than 400 pmol/L. Subjects underwent measurements of sural nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), sural nerve action potential (amplitude) (SNAP), and vibration perception threshold (VPT), and they performed cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs: mean circular resultant (MCR), Valsalva test, postural index, and orthostatic hypotension). Sudomotor function was assessed with the SUDOSCAN that measures electrochemical skin conductance in hands and feet (ESCH and ESCF, respectively). We also used the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire and Examination (MNSIQ and MNSIE, respectively) and questionnaires to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and level of pain (pain score). RESULTS B12 levels increased from 232.0 ± 71.8 at baseline to 776.7 ± 242.3 pmol/L at follow-up, p < 0.0001, in the active group but not in the control group. VPT, MNSIQ, QoL, pain score, SNCV, SNAP, and ESCF significantly improved in the active group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p < 0.0001, p < 0.000, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.014, respectively), whereas CARTS and MNSIE improved but not significantly. MCR, MNSIQ, SNCV, SNAP, and pain score significantly deteriorated in the control group (p = 0.025, p = 0.017, p = 0.045, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The treatment of patients with DN with 1 mg of oral methylcobalamin for twelve months increased plasma B12 levels and improved all neurophysiological parameters, sudomotor function, pain score, and QoL, but it did not improve CARTS and MNSIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Didangelos
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, “AHEPA” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (E.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Eleni Karlafti
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, “AHEPA” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (E.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Evangelia Kotzakioulafi
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, “AHEPA” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (E.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Eleni Margariti
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, “AHEPA” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (E.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Parthena Giannoulaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki ‘’AHEPA’’, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgios Batanis
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, “AHEPA” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (E.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Kοnstantinos Kantartzis
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Deng Z, Wang M, Fan Y, Liu M. Salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with mecobalamin for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24103. [PMID: 33546016 PMCID: PMC7837888 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, it is unclear whether the salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen Salvia) and ligustrazine hydrochloride (Chuanxiong Chuanxiong) (SMLH) injection combined with mecobalamin can improve diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). We conducted a systematic analysis to evaluate the clinical effects of SMLH injection combined with mecobalamin for treating DPN. METHODS Seven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Database (Wang Fang), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) were searched for systematic literature retrieval. Each database was searched up to 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials on DPN treated with SMLH injection combined with mecobalamin. We used the RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software to assess the risk of bias in the included trials. RESULTS A total of 15 publications, including 1349 samples, were reviewed. The total effective rate of SMLH injection combined with mecobalamin was 31% higher than that of mecobalamin alone (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-1.38; P < .00001). The experimental group showed a significant increase in the motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the peroneal nerve (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 4.81, 95% CI 3.53-6.09; P < .00001). In addition, SMLH injection combined with mecobalamin showed a statistical significant effect on the sensory conduction velocity (SCV) of the peroneal nerve (WMD = 5.03, 95% CI = 4.16-5.90; P < .00001), and MCV of the median nerve (WMD = 5.38, 95% CI = 4.05-6.72; P < .00001). The WMD for the change in SCV in the median nerve was 4.89 m/s (95% CI = 3.88-5.89; P < .00001). The P-values of the Egger and Begg tests were 0.967 and 0.961, respectively, indicating no publication bias. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses indicated that the results for MCV and SCV of the peroneal nerve and the median nerve were stable. CONCLUSION SMLH injection combined with mecobalamin can improve DPN, compared with mecobalamin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Deng
- Gaozhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Gaozhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Manjia Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen
| | - Min Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Mai W, Wei A, Lin X, Wang F, Ye J, Chen P. Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine injection with mecobalamin in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23702. [PMID: 33429738 PMCID: PMC7793311 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes and the main cause of disability. At present, there is no specific therapeutic regimen. Mecobalamin is often used as a neurotrophic drug, and its long-term effects are not satisfactory when used alone. Clinical practice indicates that traditional Chinese medicine injection with mecobalamin has a therapeutic advantage in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy while it lacks evidence-based medicine. In this scheme, the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine injection with mecobalamin in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy has been studied. METHODS Computers were used to search the English database (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science), and Chinese database (CNKI, Wanfang, CBMDISC, VIP). Besides, manual searching was conducted to search for Baidu Scholar, CHICTR, Google Scholar. During the establishment of the database to November 2020, a randomized controlled trial on traditional Chinese medicine injection with mecobalamin in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy was conducted. There were 2 researchers independently conducting data extraction and quality evaluation of literature on the included studies, RevMan5.3 was performed for meta-analysis on the included literature. RESULTS In this study, the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine injection with mecobalamin in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy was evaluated by the total effective rate, motor nerve conduction velocity, sensory nerve conduction velocity, adverse reactions, and glucose metabolism level. CONCLUSION This study can provide an evidence-based basis on the clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicine injection with mecobalamin in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study does not involve patient privacy or rights and does not require approval from an ethics committee. The results may be published in peer-reviewed journals or disseminated at relevant conferences. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/KPW5E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Mai
- Department of Endocrinology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Aisheng Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaoxuan Lin
- Department of Medicine, Zhangcha Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Funeng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jianhong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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20
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Hu HQ, Huang H, Huang J, Leng JC, Li M, Tang C, Li Y, Wu S. Case Report: Successful Outcome for Refractory Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Ultrasound-Guided Injection Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:735132. [PMID: 34777245 PMCID: PMC8581352 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the most prevalent chronic complication of diabetes and is based on sensory and autonomic nerve symptoms. Generally, intensive glucose control and nerve nourishment are the main treatments. However, it is difficult to improve the symptoms for some patients; such cases are defined as refractory diabetic peripheral neuropathy (RDPN). In this paper, we present five patients treated with saline and mecobalamin by ultrasound-guided injection. The Visual Analog Scale and Toronto Clinical Scoring System were used to evaluate the symptoms, and the neuro-ultrasound scoring system and electrophysiological severity scale were evaluated by ultrasound and electrophysiological examination. In brief, ultrasound-guided hydrodissection may be a safe way to treat RDPN.
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21
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Peng HY, Gong YY. Analysis of the effect of probucol-mecobalamin tablets combination on oxidative stress in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Neurosci Lett 2020; 741:135484. [PMID: 33161105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to observe the effect of probucol combined with mecobalamin tablets on oxidative stress in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). METHODS In this prospective study, 104 patients with DPN who were treated in our hospital were included, from August 2018 to January 2020. They were divided into groups of combination (n = 52) and control (n = 52) by using a random number table. All patients took mecobalamin tablets after meals for 3 months (1 tablet/time, 3 times/d). On this basis, patients in the combination group took probucol for 3 months (4 tablets/time, 2 times/d). The observation indicators were the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS)(symptom, sensory, and reflex scores), nerve conduction velocity[sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV) of the common peroneal nerve and median nerve], oxidative stress indicators[superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and catalase(CAT)], clinical efficacy and adverse reactions. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the symptom scores, sensory scores, reflex scores, and total scores between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05), while these four indicators of the combination group were significantly lower than that in the control group after treatment (p < 0.05). These four indicators of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the SNCV and NMCV of the common peroneal nerve and median nerve between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05), while the indicators of the combination group were significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05) after treatment, and these indicators of the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than that before treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, and CAT between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). After treatment, the SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in the combination group were significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05), while the MDA in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). After treatment, the SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in the two groups were significantly higher than that before treatment (p < 0.05), while the MDA was lower (p < 0.05). The clinical efficacy of the combination group was significantly better than that of the control group (94.23 % vs 78.85 %, p<0.05) after treatment. There was no significant difference in the incidence of total adverse reactions between the two groups (3.85 % vs 5.77 %, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of probucol combined with mecobalamin tablets for patients with DPN was significant, which could effectively improve the oxidative stress response of patients and was worthy of clinical promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Peng
- Department of Special Examination, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, China.
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22
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Kieninger C, Wurst K, Podewitz M, Stanley M, Deery E, Lawrence AD, Liedl KR, Warren MJ, Kräutler B. Replacement of the Cobalt Center of Vitamin B 12 by Nickel: Nibalamin and Nibyric Acid Prepared from Metal-Free B 12 Ligands Hydrogenobalamin and Hydrogenobyric Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20129-20136. [PMID: 32686888 PMCID: PMC7693184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The (formal) replacement of Co in cobalamin (Cbl) by NiII generates nibalamin (Nibl), a new transition-metal analogue of vitamin B12 . Described here is Nibl, synthesized by incorporation of a NiII ion into the metal-free B12 ligand hydrogenobalamin (Hbl), itself prepared from hydrogenobyric acid (Hby). The related NiII corrin nibyric acid (Niby) was similarly synthesized from Hby, the metal-free cobyric acid ligand. The solution structures of Hbl, and Niby and Nibl, were characterized by spectroscopic studies. Hbl features two inner protons bound at N2 and N4 of the corrin ligand, as discovered in Hby. X-ray analysis of Niby shows the structural adaptation of the corrin ligand to NiII ions and the coordination behavior of NiII . The diamagnetic Niby and Nibl, and corresponding isoelectronic CoI corrins, were deduced to be isostructural. Nibl is a structural mimic of four-coordinate base-off Cbls, as verified by its ability to act as a strong inhibitor of bacterial adenosyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Maria Stanley
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJUK
| | - Evelyne Deery
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJUK
| | | | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Martin J. Warren
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJUK
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Science ParkNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
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23
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Jha N. Bullous fixed drug eruption related to multivitamins. Dermatol Online J 2020; 26:13030/qt3150z9d2. [PMID: 33054952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multivitamins are commonly consumed over-the-counter supplements. Drug reactions related to multivitamins are rare and very few cases have been reported. This is a case of a young woman who developed bullous fixed drug eruption to multivitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Jha
- Department of Dermatology, Acharya Shree Bhikshu Hospital, Delhi.
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24
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McCully KS. Chemical Pathology of Homocysteine VIII. Effects of Tocotrienol, Geranylgeraniol, and Squalene on Thioretinaco Ozonide, Mitochondrial Permeability, and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Arteriosclerosis, Cancer, Neurodegeneration and Aging. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:567-577. [PMID: 33067202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A century ago a fat-soluble vitamin from leafy vegetables, later named vitamin E, was discovered to enhance fertility in animals. Vitamin E consists of 8 isomers of tocopherols and tocotrienols, each containing chromanol groups that confer antioxidant properties and differ only in the 15-carbon saturated phytyl poly-isoprenoid side chain of tocopherols and the 15-carbon unsaturated farnesyl poly-isoprenoid side chain of tocotrienols. Although tocotrienol was first isolated from rubber plants in 1964, its importance in multiple disease processes was not recognized until two decades later, when the cholesterol-lowering and anti-cancer effects were first reported. Tocotrienol (T3) protects against radiation injury and mitochondrial dysfunction by preventing opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby inhibiting loss of the active site for oxidative phosphorylation, thioretinaco ozonide oxygen ATP, from mitochondria by complex formation with the active site, TR2CoO3O2NAD+H2PO4 -T3. The preventive effects of tocotrienol on vascular disease, cancer, neurodegeneration and aging are attributed to its effects on cellular apoptosis and senescence. Geranylgeraniol is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, and cholesterol auxotrophy of lymphoma cell lines and primary tumors is attributed to loss of squalene monooxygenase and accumulation of intracellular squalene. Geranylgeraniol and tocotrienol have synergistic inhibitory effects on growth and HMG CoA reductase activity, accompanied by reduction of membrane KRAS protein of cultured human prostate carcinoma cells. Since cholesterol inhibits opening of the mPTP pore of mitochondria, inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by these effects of tocotrienol and geranylgeraniol produces increased mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis from loss of the active site of oxidative phosphorylation from mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilmer S McCully
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Sloan JL, Achilly NP, Arnold ML, Catlett JL, Blake T, Bishop K, Jones M, Harper U, English MA, Anderson S, Trivedi NS, Elkahloun A, Hoffmann V, Brooks BP, Sood R, Venditti CP. The vitamin B12 processing enzyme, mmachc, is essential for zebrafish survival, growth and retinal morphology. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2109-2123. [PMID: 32186706 PMCID: PMC7399538 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency, the most common inborn error of intracellular cobalamin metabolism, is caused by mutations in MMACHC, a gene responsible for the processing and intracellular trafficking of vitamin B12. This recessive disorder is characterized by a failure to metabolize cobalamin into adenosyl- and methylcobalamin, which results in the biochemical perturbations of methylmalonic acidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and hypomethioninemia caused by the impaired activity of the downstream enzymes, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase. Cobalamin C deficiency can be accompanied by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including progressive blindness, and, in mice, manifests with very early embryonic lethality. Because zebrafish harbor a full complement of cobalamin metabolic enzymes, we used genome editing to study the loss of mmachc function and to develop the first viable animal model of cblC deficiency. mmachc mutants survived the embryonic period but perished in early juvenile life. The mutants displayed the metabolic and clinical features of cblC deficiency including methylmalonic acidemia, severe growth retardation and lethality. Morphologic and metabolic parameters improved when the mutants were raised in water supplemented with small molecules used to treat patients, including hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, methionine and betaine. Furthermore, mmachc mutants bred to express rod and/or cone fluorescent reporters, manifested a retinopathy and thin optic nerves (ON). Expression analysis using whole eye mRNA revealed the dysregulation of genes involved in phototransduction and cholesterol metabolism. Zebrafish with mmachc deficiency recapitulate the several of the phenotypic and biochemical features of the human disorder, including ocular pathology, and show a response to established treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Sloan
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Nathan P Achilly
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Madeline L Arnold
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Jerrel L Catlett
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Trevor Blake
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Marypat Jones
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Ursula Harper
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Milton A English
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Stacie Anderson
- Flow Cytometry, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Niraj S Trivedi
- Social Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Charles P Venditti
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
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Bito T, Bito M, Hirooka T, Okamoto N, Harada N, Yamaji R, Nakano Y, Inui H, Watanabe F. Biological Activity of Pseudovitamin B 12 on Cobalamin-Dependent Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase and Methionine Synthase in Mammalian Cultured COS-7 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143268. [PMID: 32709013 PMCID: PMC7396987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenyl cobamide (commonly known as pseudovitamin B12) is synthesized by intestinal bacteria or ingested from edible cyanobacteria. The effect of pseudovitamin B12 on the activities of cobalamin-dependent enzymes in mammalian cells has not been studied well. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pseudovitamin B12 on the activities of the mammalian vitamin B12-dependent enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in cultured mammalian COS-7 cells to determine whether pseudovitamin B12 functions as an inhibitor or a cofactor of these enzymes. Although the hydoroxo form of pseudovitamin B12 functions as a coenzyme for methionine synthase in cultured cells, pseudovitamin B12 does not activate the translation of methionine synthase, unlike the hydroxo form of vitamin B12 does. In the second enzymatic reaction, the adenosyl form of pseudovitamin B12 did not function as a coenzyme or an inhibitor of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Experiments on the cellular uptake were conducted with human transcobalamin II and suggested that treatment with a substantial amount of pseudovitamin B12 might inhibit transcobalamin II-mediated absorption of a physiological trace concentration of vitamin B12 present in the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-857-31-5443
| | - Mariko Bito
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.H.); (R.Y.); (Y.N.)
| | - Tomomi Hirooka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.H.); (R.Y.); (Y.N.)
| | - Naho Okamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.H.); (R.Y.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.H.); (R.Y.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshihisa Nakano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.H.); (R.Y.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka 583-8555, Japan;
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
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Duan YH, Liu AX, Su HX, Lv JH, Gong XY, Wang L. Effectiveness of acupuncture combined mecobalamin in the treatment of elderly diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20366. [PMID: 32501981 PMCID: PMC7306285 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have reported the effectiveness of acupuncture combined mecobalamin (AM) in the treatment of elderly diabetic peripheral neuropathy (EDPN), no systematic study has assessed its effectiveness and safety. Thus, this study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AM for the treatment of patients with EDPN. METHODS Bibliographic electronic databases will be searched as follows: Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All of them will be searched from each database initial to March 1, 2020 without language restrictions. All study selection, information extracted, and study quality evaluation will be performed by 2 independent authors. Any disagreements between 2 authors will be resolved by a third author via discussion. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for data pooling and meta-analysis performance if it is possible. RESULTS This study will provide synthesis of current evidence of AM for patients with EDPN through primary outcome of glycemic profile, and secondary of neuropathic pain intensity, plantar tactile sensitivity, sensory nerve conduction velocity and motor nerve conduction velocity, health-related quality of life, and adverse events. CONCLUSION This study will provide helpful reference for the efficacy and safety of AM for the treatment of patients with EDPN to the clinicians and further studies.Study registration number: INPLASY202040094.
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McCully KS. Environmental Pollution, Oxidative Stress and Thioretinaco Ozonide: Effects of Glyphosate, Fluoride and Electromagnetic Fields on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Carcinogenesis, Atherogenesis and Aging. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:408-411. [PMID: 32581036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants, such as pesticides, herbicides, additives to food and water, and electromagnetic fields threaten public health by promotion of cancer, heart disease and chronic diseases of aging. Many of these pollutants cause adverse health outcomes by effects on mitochondrial function to produce oxidative stress through loss of the active site complex for oxidative phosphorylation, thioretinaco ozonide oxygen nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, from opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Glyphosate, fluoride, and electromagnetic fields are examples of carcinogenic pollutants that promote loss and decomposition of the active site for oxidative phosphorylation, producing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Ionizing radiation has long been known to be carcinogenic, and non-ionizing electromagnetic fields from microwaves, radar, cell phones and cathode ray screens are carcinogenic and produce deleterious effects on capillaries, nerve cells, blood brain barrier, embryonic and germ cells, lenses and cardiac function. Adverse health effects of electromagnetic fields include cataracts, infertility, congenital malformations, cancer, lymphocytosis, leukemia, hearing loss, blindness, retinal hemorrhages, cardiac arrhythmias, dermatitis, hair loss, depression, memory loss, premature aging, heart attacks, and weaponized mind control. The hyperhomocysteinemia, suppressed immunity, and altered oxidative metabolism observed in atherosclerosis and dementia are attributed to deficiency of adenosyl methionine which results from increased polyamine biosynthesis by pathogenic microbes that are demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques and cerebral plaques. Thus, environmental pollutants potentially promote diseases of aging, atherosclerosis, cancer, and premature aging by production of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilmer S McCully
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
RATIONALE Nitrous oxide (N2O), commonly known as "laughing gas," is being increasingly abused by young people as a recreational drug; this can subsequently result in myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy, however, in China, few cases of neurologic deterioration by N2O abuse have been reported. PATIENT CONCERNS Herein, we present 2 patients who developed progressive limb weakness, numbness, and ataxia. Both of them had recreationally inhaled N2O intermittently for a long time. DIAGNOSIS Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) based on myelopathy and polyneuropathy after N2O abuse. INTERVENTIONS The 2 patients were treated with cessation of N2O inhalation, methylcobalamin capsule 500 μg tid (ter in die, which means 3 times a day), and compound vitamin B 1 tablet tid p.o.(per os, which means taken orally) for 1 month. OUTCOMES The symptoms of altered sensation and the patients' gait improved significantly. LESSONS The 2 cases raise awareness of the important mechanisms of N2O neurotoxicity, and clinicians should be made fully aware of such substance-related diseases. The incidence of N2O -induced neurotoxicity is insufficiently recognized and should be considered as an important cause of SCD, especially in adolescents with undifferentiated weakness and abnormal sensation; this is essential because serious complications such as irreversible paralysis can result from the absence of early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province
| | - Lixian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province
| | - Zhixing Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Renliang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dysfunction following stroke is common but often is poorly managed. As awareness of sexual dysfunction following stroke increases as an important issue, a clearer evidence base for interventions for sexual dysfunction is needed to optimise management. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce sexual dysfunction following stroke, and to assess adverse events associated with interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke. SEARCH METHODS We conducted the search on 27 November 2019. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; from June 2014), in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE (from 1950); Embase (from 1980); the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; from 1982); the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED; from 1985); PsycINFO (from 1806); the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro; from 1999); and 10 additional bibliographic databases and ongoing trial registers. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared pharmacological treatments, mechanical devices, or complementary medicine interventions versus placebo. We also included other non-pharmacological interventions (such as education or therapy), which were compared against usual care or different forms of intervention (such as different intensities) for treating sexual dysfunction in stroke survivors. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality. We determined the risk of bias for each study and performed a 'best evidence' synthesis using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We identified three RCTs with a total of 212 participants. We noted significant heterogeneity in interventions (one pharmacological, one physiotherapy-based, and one psycho-educational), and all RCTs were small and of 'low' or 'very low' quality. Based on these RCTs, data are insufficient to provide any reliable indication of benefit or risk to guide clinical practice in terms of the use of sertraline, specific pelvic floor muscle training, or individualised sexual rehabilitation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Use of sertraline to treat premature ejaculation needs to be tested in further RCTs. The lack of benefit with structured sexual rehabilitation and pelvic floor physiotherapy should not be interpreted as proof of ineffectiveness. Well-designed, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials of long-term duration are needed to determine the effectiveness of various types of interventions for sexual dysfunction. It should be noted, however, that it may not be possible to double-blind trials of complex interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezekiah Stratton
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joshua Sansom
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anita Brown-Major
- Thrive Rehab, Melbourne, Australia
- Allied Health Department (Occupational Therapy Services), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Urology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louisa Ng
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Epworth Monash Rehabilitation Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
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Peng Q, You Q, Zhang J, Liu S. Isolated involvement of corpus callosum in metronidazole-induced encephalopathy with concomitant peripheral neuropathy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20198. [PMID: 32443341 PMCID: PMC7253656 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Metronidazole is widely used for treating infection of anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Metronidazole is generally well tolerated, although metronidazole-associated peripheral neuropathy (PN) and metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE) have been reported as rare side effects. The most common sites of MIE involve the bilateral dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. Herein, we present a rare case of MIE with isolated corpus callosum involvement, with concomitant metronidazole-associated PN. PATIENT CONCERNS A middle-aged man with ulcerative colitis was diagnosed with amoebic dysentery because of unhygienic eating. After receiving metronidazole (1.8 g/d, cumulative dose 61.2 g) for >1 month, he started to complain of continuous paresthesia of the limbs, and intermittent speech problems. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an isolated lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. DIAGNOSIS A diagnosis of reversible splenial lesion syndrome and PN was made. Given the patient's medical history, MIE and metronidazole-associated PN were considered. INTERVENTIONS Metronidazole was stopped. Mecobalamine and vitamin B1 were used for adjuvant treatment. OUTCOMES At 1.5 months after stopping metronidazole, his symptoms of numbness and hyperesthesia had not improved, although he felt less ill. The isolated lesion disappeared on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. At 6 months later, the hyperesthesia symptoms remained, and he was unable to resume his previous work. CONCLUSIONS Physicians should consider MIE in their differentials for reversible splenial lesion syndrome when encountering a patient with a history of metronidazole medication and symptoms of encephalopathy, especially with concomitant PN. Early identification of this metronidazole-related complication and early cessation of the drug are essential for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Han X, Gao Y, Wang S, Chen Q. Effect of electroacupuncture on diabetic neurogenic bladder: A randomized controlled trial protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19843. [PMID: 32332636 PMCID: PMC7220684 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common and bothersome lower urinary tract complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic neurogenic bladder (DNB). Acupuncture has certain advantages in treating bladder dysfunction including urinary retention and incontinence. Therefore, we think that electroacupuncture (EA) may be beneficial to DNB patients. However, it is not clear whether EA combined with basic western medicine could optimize the therapeutic effect for DNB. METHOD/DESIGN This is a sham-controlled, patient-blinded, pioneer randomized controlled trial (RCT). One hundred fifty eligible patients will be randomly divided into 3 groups: A. basic western medicine (BWC), B. EA with BWC, C. sham EA with BWC. EA treatment will be given twice a week for 12 weeks at bilateral BL23, BL32, BL33, and BL35. The BWC group will received Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and methylcobalamin (MC) treatment for 12 weeks, 2 treatment sessions per week. The primary outcome is scored by the 72-hour bladder diary (72h-BD). The secondary outcomes will be scored by the American Urological Association symptom index (AUA-SI), Post-void residual urine volume (PVR) and urodynamic tests. All the assessments will be conducted at baseline and the 12th weeks after the intervention starts. The follow-up assessments will be performed with 72h-BD and AUA-SI in the 4th, 12th, and 24th weeks after intervention ends. DISCUSSION This trial protocol provides an example of the clinical application acupuncture treatment in the management of DNB. This RCT will provide us information on the effect of treating DNB patients with only acupuncture, western medicine therapy (ALA + MC) as well as the combination of both. The additive effect or synergistic effect of acupuncture and basic western medicine will then be analyzed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000030421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuke Han
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shengju Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Deobald D, Hanna R, Shahryari S, Layer G, Adrian L. Identification and characterization of a bacterial core methionine synthase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2100. [PMID: 32034217 PMCID: PMC7005905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine synthases are essential enzymes for amino acid and methyl group metabolism in all domains of life. Here, we describe a putatively anciently derived type of methionine synthase yet unknown in bacteria, here referred to as core-MetE. The enzyme appears to represent a minimal MetE form and transfers methyl groups from methylcobalamin instead of methyl-tetrahydrofolate to homocysteine. Accordingly, it does not possess the tetrahydrofolate binding domain described for canonical bacterial MetE proteins. In Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain CBDB1, an obligate anaerobic, mesophilic, slowly growing organohalide-respiring bacterium, it is encoded by the locus cbdbA481. In line with the observation to not accept methyl groups from methyl-tetrahydrofolate, all known genomes of bacteria of the class Dehalococcoidia lack metF encoding for methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase synthesizing methyl-tetrahydrofolate, but all contain a core-metE gene. We heterologously expressed core-MetECBDB in E. coli and purified the 38 kDa protein. Core-MetECBDB exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to methylcob(III)alamin (KM ≈ 240 µM) and L-homocysteine (KM ≈ 50 µM). Only methylcob(III)alamin was found to be active as methyl donor with a kcat ≈ 60 s-1. Core-MetECBDB did not functionally complement metE-deficient E. coli strain DH5α (ΔmetE::kan) suggesting that core-MetECBDB and the canonical MetE enzyme from E. coli have different enzymatic specificities also in vivo. Core-MetE appears to be similar to a MetE-ancestor evolved before LUCA (last universal common ancestor) using methylated cobalamins as methyl donor whereas the canonical MetE consists of a tandem repeat and might have evolved by duplication of the core-MetE and diversification of the N-terminal part to a tetrahydrofolate-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Deobald
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rafael Hanna
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Freiburg University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Shahab Shahryari
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunhild Layer
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Freiburg University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Geobiotechnology, Ackerstraße 76, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
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Dereven'kov IA, Hannibal L, Makarov SV, Molodtsov PA. Catalytic effect of riboflavin on electron transfer from NADH to aquacobalamin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 25:125-133. [PMID: 31773269 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of cobalamin by non-dedicated cellular reductases has been reported in earlier work, however, the sources of reducing power and the mechanisms are unknown. This study reports results of kinetic and mechanistic investigation of the reaction between aquacobalamin, H2OCbl, and reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH. This interaction leads to the formation of one-electron reduced cobalamin, cob(II)alamin, and proceeds via water substitution on aquacobalamin by NADH and further decomposition of NADH-Co(III) complex to cob(II)alamin and NADH·+. Riboflavin catalyzes the reduction of aquacobalamin by NADH both in free form and with aquacobalamin bound to the cobalamin processing enzyme CblC. The rate-determining step of this catalytic reaction is the interaction between riboflavin and NADH to produce a charge transfer complex that reacts with aquacobalamin. Aquacobalamin quenches the fluorescence of NADH and riboflavin predominantly via a static mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Dereven'kov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russian Federation.
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergei V Makarov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Molodtsov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
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Kieninger C, Baker JA, Podewitz M, Wurst K, Jockusch S, Lawrence AD, Deery E, Gruber K, Liedl KR, Warren MJ, Kräutler B. Zinc Substitution of Cobalt in Vitamin B 12 : Zincobyric acid and Zincobalamin as Luminescent Structural B 12 -Mimics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14568-14572. [PMID: 31420932 PMCID: PMC6790578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Replacing the central cobalt ion of vitamin B12 by other metals has been a long-held aspiration within the B12 -field. Herein, we describe the synthesis from hydrogenobyric acid of zincobyric acid (Znby) and zincobalamin (Znbl), the Zn-analogues of the natural cobalt-corrins cobyric acid and vitamin B12 , respectively. The solution structures of Znby and Znbl were studied by NMR-spectroscopy. Single crystals of Znby were produced, providing the first X-ray crystallographic structure of a zinc corrin. The structures of Znby and of computationally generated Znbl were found to resemble the corresponding CoII -corrins, making such Zn-corrins potentially useful for investigations of B12 -dependent processes. The singlet excited state of Znby had a short life-time, limited by rapid intersystem crossing to the triplet state. Znby allowed the unprecedented observation of a corrin triplet (ET =190 kJ mol-1 ) and was found to be an excellent photo-sensitizer for 1 O2 (ΦΔ =0.70).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | | | | | - Evelyne Deery
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJUK
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute for Molecular BiosciencesUniversity ofGrazAustria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
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Naik S, Mahalle N, Greibe E, Ostenfeld MS, Heegaard CW, Nexo E, Fedosov SN. Cyano-B12 or Whey Powder with Endogenous Hydroxo-B12 for Supplementation in B12 Deficient Lactovegetarians. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102382. [PMID: 31590426 PMCID: PMC6835307 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactovegetarians (n = 35) with low vitamin B12 (B12) status were intervened for eight weeks capsules containing cyano-B12 (CN-B12), (2 × 2.8 µg/day), or equivalent doses of endogenous B12 (mainly hydroxo-B12 (HO-B12)) in whey powder. Blood samples were examined at baseline, every second week during the intervention, and two weeks post-intervention. The groups did not differ at baseline in [global median (min/max)] plasma B12 [112(61/185)] pmol/L, holotranscobalamin [20(4/99)] pmol/L, folate [13(11/16)], the metabolites total homocysteine [18(9/52)] µmol/L and methylmalonic acid [0.90(0.28/2.5)] µmol/L, and the combined indicator of B12 status (4cB12) [-1.7(-3.0/-0.33)]. Both supplements caused significant effects, though none of the biomarkers returned to normal values. Total plasma B12 showed a higher increase in the capsule group compared to the whey powder group (p = 0.02). However, the increase of plasma holotranscobalamin (p = 0.06) and the lowering of the metabolites (p > 0.07) were alike in both groups. Thereby, the high total plasma B12 in the capsule group was not mirrored in enhanced B12 metabolism, possibly because the B12 surplus was mainly accumulated on an "inert" carrier haptocorrin, considered to be of marginal importance for tissue delivery of B12. In conclusion, we demonstrate that administration of whey powder (HO-B12) or capsules (CN-B12) equivalent to 5.6 µg of B12 daily for eight weeks similarly improves B12 status but does not normalize it. We document that the results for plasma B12 should be interpreted with caution following administration of CN-B12, since the change is disproportionately high compared to the responses of complementary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanand Naik
- Department of Pathology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Pune, 411004, India.
| | - Namita Mahalle
- Department of Pathology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Pune, 411004, India.
| | - Eva Greibe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | | | - Christian W Heegaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Ebba Nexo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Sergey N Fedosov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Garrod MG, Rossow HA, Calvert CC, Miller JW, Green R, Buchholz BA, Allen LH. 14C-Cobalamin Absorption from Endogenously Labeled Chicken Eggs Assessed in Humans Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092148. [PMID: 31500393 PMCID: PMC6769442 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the bioavailability of vitamin B-12 (B12) from in vivo labeled foods was determined by labeling the vitamin with radiocobalt (57Co, 58Co or 60Co). This required use of penetrating radioactivity and sometimes used higher doses of B12 than the physiological limit of B12 absorption. The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability and absorbed B12 from chicken eggs endogenously labeled with 14C-B12 using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). 14C-B12 was injected intramuscularly into hens to produce eggs enriched in vivo with the 14C labeled vitamin. The eggs, which provided 1.4 to 2.6 μg of B12 (~1.1 kBq) per serving, were scrambled, cooked and fed to 10 human volunteers. Baseline and post-ingestion blood, urine and stool samples were collected over a one-week period and assessed for 14C-B12 content using AMS. Bioavailability ranged from 13.2 to 57.7% (mean 30.2 ± 16.4%). Difference among subjects was explained by dose of B12, with percent bioavailability from 2.6 μg only half that from 1.4 μg. The total amount of B12 absorbed was limited to 0.5–0.8 μg (mean 0.55 ± 0.19 μg B12) and was relatively unaffected by the amount consumed. The use of 14C-B12 offers the only currently available method for quantifying B12 absorption in humans, including food cobalamin absorption. An egg is confirmed as a good source of B12, supplying approximately 20% of the average adult daily requirement (RDA for adults = 2.4 μg/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie G Garrod
- USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Heidi A Rossow
- Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Ralph Green
- Department. of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Bruce A Buchholz
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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McCully KS. Chemical Pathology of Homocysteine VII. Cholesterol, Thioretinaco Ozonide, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Prevention of Mortality. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2019; 49:425-438. [PMID: 31471331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to elucidate how low blood cholesterol promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and mortality by the loss of thioretinaco ozonide from opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Mortality from infections and cancer are both inversely associated with blood cholesterol, as determined by multiple cohort studies from 10 to 30 years earlier. Moreover, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is inversely related to all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality, as determined by followup study of elderly cohorts. LDL adheres to and inactivates most microorganisms and their toxins, causing aggregation of LDL and homocysteinylated autoantibodies which obstruct vasa vasorum and produce intimal microabscesses, the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. The active site of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis is proposed to consist of thioretinaco, a complex of two molecules of thioretinamide with cobalamin, oxidized to the disulfonium thioretinaco ozonide and complexed with oxygen, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), phosphate, and ATP. Loss of the active site complex from mitochondria results from the opening of the mPTP and from decomposition of the disulfonium active site by electrophilic carcinogens, oncogenic viruses, microbes, and by reactive oxygen radicals from ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Suppression of innate immunity is caused by the depletion of adenosyl methionine because of increased polyamine biosynthesis, resulting in inhibition of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite biosynthesis. Opening of the mPTP produces a loss of thioretinaco ozonide from mitochondria. This loss impairs ATP biosynthesis and causes the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis, aging and dementia. Cholesterol inhibits the opening of the mPTP by preventing integration of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) in the outer mitochondrial membrane. This inhibition explains how elevated LDL reduces mitochondrial dysfunction by preventing loss of the active site of oxidative phosphorylation from mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilmer S McCully
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cui J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Cui X, Wang L, Zheng H. Isolated subacute combined degeneration in late-onset cobalamin C deficiency in children: Two case reports and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17334. [PMID: 31574870 PMCID: PMC6775410 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) is a disease caused by decreased vitamin B12 intake or metabolic disorders. It is more common in the elderly and rarely seen in children. Here, we report 2 pediatric cases of SCD in late-onset cobalamin C (CblC) deficiency. PATIENT CONCERNS The patients complained of unsteady gait. Their physical examination showed sensory ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed classic manifestations of SCD. The serum vitamin B12 level was normal, but urine methylmalonic acid and serum homocysteine levels were high. DIAGNOSIS The pathogenic gene was confirmed as MMACHC. The 2 patients each had 2 pathogenic mutations C.482 G>A and C.271dupA and C.365A>T and C.609G>A in this gene. They were diagnosed with combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocysteinemia-CblC subtype. INTERVENTIONS The patients were treated with methylcobalamin 500 μg intravenous injection daily after being admitted. After the diagnosis, levocarnitine, betaine, and vitamin B12 were added to the treatment. OUTCOMES Twelve days after treatment, the boy could walk normally, and his tendon reflex and sense of position returned to normal. The abnormal gait seemed to have become permanent in the girl and she walked with her legs raised higher than normal. LESSONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of 2 cases of isolated SCD in children with late-onset CblC disorder. Doctors should consider that SCD could be an isolated symptom of CblC disorder. The earlier the treatment, the lower the likelihood of sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Second Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Hebei Province
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaopu Cui
- Second Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Hebei Province
| | - Lihui Wang
- Second Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Hebei Province
| | - Huacheng Zheng
- Second Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Hebei Province
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and severe complication that affects 50% of people with diabetes. Painful DPN is reported to occur in 16% to 24% of people with diabetes. A complete and comprehensive management strategy for the prevention and treatment of DPN, whether painful or not, has not yet been defined.Research into treatment for DPN has been characterised by a series of failed clinical trials, with few noteworthy advances. Strategies that support peripheral nerve regeneration and restore neurological function in people with painful or painless DPN are needed. The amino acid acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) plays a role in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation. ALC supplementation also induces neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects in the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, ALC supplementation targets several mechanisms relevant to potential nerve repair and regeneration, and could have clinical therapeutic potential. There is a need for a systematic review of the evidence from clinical trials. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of ALC for the treatment of DPN. SEARCH METHODS On 2 July 2018, we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We checked references, searched citations, and contacted study authors to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of ALC compared with placebo, other therapy, or no intervention in the treatment of DPN. Participants could be of any sex and age, and have type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, of any severity, with painful or painless DPN. We accepted any definition of minimum criteria for DPN, in accordance with the Toronto Consensus. We imposed no language restriction.Pain was the primary outcome, measured as the proportion of participants with at least 30% (moderate) or 50% (substantial) decrease in pain over baseline, or as the score on a visual analogue scale (VAS) or Likert scale for pain. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We followed standard Cochrane methods. MAIN RESULTS We included four studies with 907 participants, which were reported in three publications. Three trials studied ALC versus placebo (675 participants); in one trial the dose of ALC was 2000 mg/day, and in the other two trials, it was 1500 mg/day or 3000 mg/day. The fourth trial studied ALC 1500 mg/day versus methylcobalamin 1.5 mg/day (232 participants). The risk of bias was high in both trials of different ALC doses and low in the other two trials.No included trial measured the proportion of participants with at least moderate (30%) or substantial (50%) pain relief. ALC reduced pain more than placebo, measured on a 0- to 100-mm VAS (MD -9.16, 95% CI -16.76 to -1.57; three studies; 540 participants; P = 0.02; I² = 56%; random-effects; very low-certainty evidence; a higher score indicating more pain). At doses of 1500 mg/day or less, the VAS score after ALC treatment was little different from placebo (MD -0.05, 95% CI -10.00 to 9.89; two studies; 159 participants; P = 0.99; I² = 0%), but at doses greater than 1500 mg/day, ALC reduced pain more than placebo (MD -14.93, 95% CI -19.16 to -10.70; three studies; 381 participants; P < 0.00001; I² = 0%). This subgroup analysis should be viewed with caution as the evidence was even less certain than the overall analysis, which was already of very low certainty.Two placebo-controlled studies reported that vibration perception improved after 12 months. We graded this evidence as very low certainty, due to inconsistency and a high risk of bias, as the trial authors did not provide any numerical data. The placebo-controlled studies did not measure functional impairment and disability scores. No study used validated symptom scales. One study performed sensory testing, but the evidence was very uncertain.The fourth included study compared ALC with methylcobalamin, but did not report effects on pain. There was a reduction from baseline to 24 weeks in functional impairment and disability, based on the change in mean Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS; scale from zero to 10), but there was no important difference between the ALC group (mean score 1.66 ± 1.90) and the methylcobalamin group (mean score 1.35 ± 1.65) groups (P = 0.23; low-certainty evidence).One placebo-controlled study reported that six of 147 participants in the ALC > 1500 mg/day group (4.1%) and two of 147 participants in the placebo group (1.4%) discontinued treatment because of adverse events (headache, facial paraesthesia, and gastrointestinal disorders) (P = 0.17). The other two placebo-controlled studies reported no dropouts due to adverse events, and more pain, paraesthesia, and hyperaesthesias in the placebo group than the 3000 mg/day ALC group, but provided no numerical data. The overall certainty of adverse event evidence for the comparison of ALC versus placebo was low.The study comparing ALC with methylcobalamin reported that 34/117 participants (29.1%) experienced adverse events in the ALC group versus 33/115 (28.7%) in the methylcobalamin group (P = 0.95). Nine participants discontinued treatment due to adverse events (ALC: 4 participants, methylcobalamin: 5 participants), which were most commonly gastrointestinal symptoms. The certainty of the adverse event evidence for ALC versus methylcobalamin was low.Two studies were funded by the manufacturer of ALC and the other two studies had at least one co-author who was a consultant for an ALC manufacturer. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are very uncertain whether ALC causes a reduction in pain after 6 to 12 months' treatment in people with DPN, when compared with placebo, as the evidence is sparse and of low certainty. Data on functional and sensory impairment and symptoms are lacking, or of very low certainty. The evidence on adverse events is too uncertain to make any judgements on safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz CSP Rolim
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDepartment of Internal MedicineRua Borges Lagoa, 1065/110São PauloSão PauloBrazil04038‐032
| | - Edina MK da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São PauloEmergency Medicine and Evidence Based MedicineRua Borges Lagoa 564 cj 64Vl. ClementinoSão PauloSão PauloBrazil04038‐000
| | - Ronald LG Flumignan
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDepartment of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryRua Borges Lagoa, 754São PauloSPBrazil04038‐001
| | - Marcio M Abreu
- Yale University School of MedicineAnaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine333 Cedar Street, TMP 3P.O. Box 208051New HavenCTUSA06520‐8051
| | - Sérgio A Dib
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDepartment of Medicine / EndocrinologyRua Pedro de Toledo, 910São PauloSão PauloBrazil04038‐000
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Ip K, Banov D, Bassani G, Morgan L. Physicochemical Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Methylcobalamin Injections in the Presence and Absence of Preservative and the Impact of Light Exposure. Int J Pharm Compd 2019; 23:167-175. [PMID: 31085783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylcobalamin, one of the two active forms of vitamin B12, is the most effective analog in permeation and in transportation of neurons in subcellular organelles. Formulations of methylcobalamin are only commercially available in a few countries, which make them inaccessible for most patients. Extemporaneously prepared injections become the only option for those patients. The objective of this work is to study the physical and chemical (ultrahigh- performance liquid chromatography stability-indicating method) stabilities of methylcobalamin injections in the presence and absence of preservative during 181 days (considering the stability limit as 90% of initial concentration of methylcobalamin). The light exposure stability of injections in amber serum vials or clear syringes, solution in amber or clear glassware under typical pharmacy, clinical, and laboratory settings are also presented. Methylcobalamin injections, regardless of the concentrations and inactive ingredients, remained stable for at least 181 days at room temperature when stored in amber serum vials and protected from light. These experimental data suggested that the methylcobalamin injection solutions should be protected from light completely and light exposure in pharmacy, clinical, and laboratory setting should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendice Ip
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America, Houston, Texas.
| | - Daniel Banov
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America, Houston, Texas
| | - Gus Bassani
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America, Houston, Texas
| | - Latisha Morgan
- Research and Development Department, Professional Compounding Centers of America, Houston, Texas
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Zhu X, Xiang S, Feng X, Wang H, Tian S, Xu Y, Shi L, Yang L, Li M, Shen Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Han J. Impact of Cyanocobalamin and Methylcobalamin on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:916-926. [PMID: 30572705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are usually advised to supplement various types of vitamin B12, because vitamin B12 is generally absorbed in the colon. Thus, in the current study, the influence of cyanocobalamin (CNCBL) or methylcobalamin (MECBL) ingestion on IBD symptoms will be investigated. Then, whether and how the application of various cobalamins would modify the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiome in mice will be examined carefully. Dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced IBD mice were treated with MECBL or CNCBL; disease activity index (DAI) scores and intestinal inflammatory conditions of mice were evaluated. Fecal samples were collected; microbiota composition was determined with a 16s rRNA analysis; functional profiles were predicted by phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt); and short-chain fatty acids were measured. The consequence of higher relative abundances of Enterobacteriaceae and isomeric short-chain fatty acids by cobalamin treatment revealed that a high concentration of CNCBL but not MECBL supplementation obviously aggravated IBD. A microbial ecosystem rich in Escherichia/ Shigella and low in Lactobacillus, Blautia, and Clostridium XVIII was observed in IBD mice after a high concentration of CNCBL supplementation. In cobalamin-dependent enzymes, CNCBL was more efficient in the adenosylcobalamin system than MECBL and vice versa in the MECBL system. The distinct effects of various cobalamins were associated with the distribution and efficiency of vitamin-B12-dependent riboswitches. CNCBL had a strong inhibitory effect on all riboswitches, especially on btuB and pocR riboswitches from Enterobacteriaceae. CNCBL aggravated IBD via enhancing the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae organisms through riboswitch and enzyme systems. The present study provides a critical reference for offering a suitable amount and type of cobalamin during a symbiotic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , 18 Xuezheng Street , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Xiang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , 18 Xuezheng Street , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Feng
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , 18 Xuezheng Street , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Tian
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , 18 Xuezheng Street , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , 18 Xuezheng Street , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Shi
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , 18 Xuezheng Street , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Li
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Company, Limited , Kaihua, Quzhou , Zhejiang 324302 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yubiao Shen
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University , Zhejiang , Jiaxing , 314000 , China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , 18 Xuezheng Street , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , 18 Xuezheng Street , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , 18 Xuezheng Street , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , People's Republic of China
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Bielytskyi P, Gräsing D, Zahn S, Mote KR, Alia A, Madhu PK, Matysik J. Assignment of NMR resonances of protons covalently bound to photochemically active cofactors in photosynthetic reaction centers by 13C- 1H photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HMQC experiment. J Magn Reson 2019; 298:64-76. [PMID: 30529893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modified versions of through-bond heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments are presented to take advantage of the light-induced hyperpolarization that occurs on 13C nuclei due to the solid-state photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) effect. Such 13C-1H photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HMQC and photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HSQC experiments are applied to acquire the 2D 13C-1H correlation spectra of selectively 13C-labeled photochemically active cofactors in the frozen quinone-blocked photosynthetic reaction center (RC) of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter (R.) sphaeroides wild-type (WT). Resulting spectra contain no correlation peaks arising from the protein backbone, which greatly simplifies the assignment of aliphatic region. Based on the photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HMQC NMR experiment, we obtained assignment of selective 1H NMR resonances of the cofactors involved in the electron transfer process in the RC and compared them with values theoretically predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculation as well as with the chemical shifts obtained from monomeric cofactors in the solution. We also compared proton chemical shifts obtained by photo-CIDNP MAS-J-HMQC experiment under continuous illumination with the ones obtained in dark by classical cross-polarization (CP) HETCOR. We expect that the proposed approach will become a method of choice for obtaining 1H chemical shift maps of the active cofactors in photosynthetic RCs and will aid the interpretation of heteronuclear spin-torch experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Bielytskyi
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Gräsing
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - A Alia
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2301 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - P K Madhu
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Zhang H, Du H, Qian M, Wang Y, Zhou S, Chen J, Wan H, Yang J. A study of affecting the recovery of Chinese patients with Bell palsy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14244. [PMID: 30681613 PMCID: PMC6358322 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the risk factors for preventing recovery of Bell palsy (BP) in Chinese inpatients. Five hundred thirteen patients were included. The two end-points of assessment were the discharge and final follow-up results. Relationship between discharge and baseline: long patients delay (unhealed 4.03 ± 1.16 d vs improved 2.24 ± 1.0 d, P < .001), combined diseases (yes 77.06% vs no 86.71%, P = .01), and early use of acupuncture (yes 47.46% vs no 97.62%, P < .001) were bad factors. Therapeutic factors and discharge: only use of steroids was a positive factor (yes 92.54% vs no 57.30%, P < .001). Binary logistic regression found that early use of steroids was a favorable factor (P = .001), while early use of acupuncture (P < .001) and long patient delay (P < .001) were adverse factors. Subgroups analysis showed early use of steroids plus antivirals (steroids + antivirals vs antivirals + mecobalamin, P < .001) and early use of steroids plus mecobalamin were good choices (steroids + antivirals vs steroids + mecobalamin, P = .745), while early use of antivirals plus mecobalamin was a bad choice (vs other 2 groups, P < .001). Effect of drug dose and treatment course on discharge: long time use of steroids didn't mean good efficacy (unhealed 10.80 ± 1.53 d vs improved 10.38 ± 1.21 d, P = .026). Final follow-up results: improved patients were better than that of unhealed at discharge (P < .001). Risk factors of discharge included long patient delay, combined diseases, and early use of acupuncture. Steroids plus antivirals or steroids plus mecobalamin were good choices for treatment. Long time use of steroids didn't mean good effect. Improved patients at discharge had better results finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Haixia Du
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Mingjing Qian
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, Huzhou
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, Huzhou
| | - Haitong Wan
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Jiang DQ, Zhao SH, Li MX, Jiang LL, Wang Y, Wang Y. Prostaglandin E1 plus methylcobalamin combination therapy versus prostaglandin E1 monotherapy for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13020. [PMID: 30383660 PMCID: PMC6221723 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E1 (P) or methylcobalamin (M) treatment has been suggested as a therapeutic approach for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in many clinical trial reports. However, the combined effects of 2 drugs still remain dubious. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report was to evaluate the efficacy of M plus P (M + P) for the treatment of DPN compared with that of P monotherapy, in order to provide a reference resource for rational drug use. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of M + P for DPN published up to September 2017 were searched. Risk ratio (RR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed with the I test. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. The outcomes measured were as follows: the clinical efficacy, median motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCV), median sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), peroneal MNCV, peroneal SNCV, and adverse effects. RESULTS Sixteen RCTs with 1136 participants were included. Clinical efficacy of M + P combination therapy was significantly better than P monotherapy (fifteen trials; RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.18-1.32, P < .00001, I = 27%). Compared with P monotherapy, the pooled effects of M + P combination therapy on nerve conduction velocity were (MD 6.29, 95% CI 4.63-7.94, P < .00001, I = 90%) for median MNCV, (MD 5.68, 95% CI 3.53-7.83, P < .00001, I = 94%) for median SNCV, (MD 5.36, 95% CI 3.86-6.87, P < .00001, I = 92%) for peroneal MNCV, (MD 4.62, 95% CI 3.48-5.75, P < .00001, I = 86%) for peroneal SNCV. There were no serious adverse events associated with drug intervention. CONCLUSIONS M + P combination therapy was superior to P monotherapy for improvement of neuropathic symptoms and NCVs in DPN patients. Moreover, no serious adverse events occur in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qi Jiang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin
| | - Shi-Hua Zhao
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Li-Lin Jiang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, China
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Abstract
RATIONALE Horner's syndrome (HS) can present as a complication of thyroid surgery, particularly after thyroid microwave ablation (MWA). HS presents clinically with eyelid ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, anhidrosis, and vascular dilatation, all of which result from a damaged oculosympathetic chain. We aimed to try to avoid such devastating symptoms in future cases by exploring reasons for the destruction of the cervical sympathetic trunk. PATIENT CONCERNS HS has previously been reported in the literature as a complication of thyroid surgery. Here, we report the case of a 44-year-old female patient who presented with miosis and eyelid ptosis following thyroid MWA. DIAGNOSES This patient was subsequently diagnosed with HS. INTERVENTIONS Mecobalamin was administered immediately. OUTCOMES After 5 months of follow up, the patient's miosis and ptosis was incompletely relieved. LESSONS Although HS is a rare complication of thyroid MWA, surgeons must be aware of the anatomic relationship of the cervical sympathetic trunk and thyroid gland with adjacent structures. Moreover, we hope this case presentation enables surgeons to take measures to minimize the possibility of oculosympathetic damage. Long-term follow up and comprehensive assessments are important for the patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Yunhao Ge
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Changchun City, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyou Ren
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University
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Heal KR, Qin W, Amin SA, Devol AH, Moffett JW, Armbrust EV, Stahl DA, Ingalls AE. Accumulation of NO 2 -cobalamin in nutrient-stressed ammonia-oxidizing archaea and in the oxygen deficient zone of the eastern tropical North Pacific. Environ Microbiol Rep 2018; 10:453-457. [PMID: 30022612 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobalamin (vitamin B12 ) is a precious resource in natural systems that is produced by select prokaryotes and required by a broad range of organisms. In this way, the production of cobalamin reinforces numerous microbial interdependencies. Here we report the accumulation of an unusual form of cobalamin, nitrocobalamin (NO2 -cobalamin), in a marine oxygen deficient zone (ODZ), isolates of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria enriched bioreactor. Low oxygen waters were enriched in NO2 -cobalamin, and AOA isolates experiencing ammonia or copper stress produced more NO2 -cobalamin, though there is wide strain-to-strain and batch-to-batch variability. NO2 -cobalamin has no known biochemical role. We hypothesize that AOA and anammox bacteria are a source of marine NO2 -cobalamin in the environment via a reactive nitrogen intermediate. These findings suggest connections between cobalamin forms and nitrogen transformations, physiological stress and ocean deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Heal
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shady A Amin
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Allan H Devol
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James W Moffett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - David A Stahl
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anitra E Ingalls
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Jiang DQ, Xu LC, Jiang LL, Li MX, Wang Y. Fasudil combined with methylcobalamin or lipoic acid can improve the nerve conduction velocity in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11390. [PMID: 29979431 PMCID: PMC6076121 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasudil (F) plus methylcobalamin (M) or lipoic acid (L) treatment has been suggested as a therapeutic approach for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in numerous studies. However, the effect of the combined use still remains dubious. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report was to evaluate the efficacy of F plus M or L (F + M or F + L) for the treatment of DPN compared with that of M or L monotherapy, respectively, in order to provide the basis and reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of F for DPN published up to September 2017 were searched. Relative risk (RR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed with the I test. Sensitivity analyses were also performed. The outcomes measured were as follows: the clinical efficacy, median motor nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) (MNCVs), median sensory NCV (SNCV), peroneal MNCV, peroneal SNCV, and adverse effects. RESULTS Thirteen RCTs with 1148 participants were included. Clinical efficacy of F + M combination therapy was significantly better than M monotherapy (8 trials; RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.17-1.35, P < .00001, I = 0%), the efficacy of F + L combination therapy was also obviously better than L monotherapy (4 trials; RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.39, P < .00001, I = 0%). Compared with monotherapy, the pooled effects of combination therapy on NCV were (MD 6.69, 95% CI 4.74-8.64, P < .00001, I = 92%) for median MNCV, (MD 6.71, 95% CI 1.77-11.65, P = .008, I = 99%) for median SNCV, (MD 4.18, 95% CI 2.37-5.99, P < .00001, I = 94%) for peroneal MNCV, (MD 5.89, 95% CI 3.57-8.20, P < .00001, I = 95%) for peroneal SNCV. Furthermore, there were no serious adverse events associated with drug intervention. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with F plus M or L was superior to M or L monotherapy for improvement of neuropathic symptoms and NCVs in DPN patients, respectively. Moreover, no serious adverse events occur in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qi Jiang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin
| | - Lan-Cheng Xu
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University
| | - Li-Lin Jiang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
RATIONALE Hansen disease is an infectious chronic disease with various clinical manifestations. Its joint performance may easily mimic rheumatoid arthritis. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a case of a 57-year-old woman diagnosed with Hansen disease 10 years ago, who suffered from joints swelling, pain and joints deformities of both hands for 19 years. The skin on the hands showed rashes, thickening, desquamation and chapping, with both thenar muscles atrophy. She also had severe hypoalgesia of the whole body, and morning stiffness for one hour. DIAGNOSES The final diagnosis was joint damage and peripheral neuropathy due to Hansen disease. INTERVENTIONS The patient received neurotrophic treatment instead of anti-rheumatic treatment. OUTCOMES At 1-year follow up, no further aggravation of joint swelling and pain was detected. LESSONS The correct diagnosis of Hansen disease involving joints depends on the combination of medical history, careful physical examination, and laboratory examination.
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Xu JY, Gao HY. Combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:945-949. [PMID: 30043582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common complication of diabetes, has a high morbidity, and currently there is no effective therapy. To investigate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine in combination with Western medicine, 88 patients with early DPN who were admitted to Binzhou City Center Hospital, Shandong, China, between November 2015 and November 2016, were selected as the research subjects and were randomly divided into a control group and an observation. Patients in the control group were treated by conventional Western medicine, while patients in the observation group were treated by traditional Chinese medicine in addition to conventional Western medicine. The clinical effect was compared between the two groups. The results demonstrated that the overall effective rate of the observation group was much higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The vibration perception threshold (VPT) of nervus peroneus communis, nervus suralis and posterior tibial nerve of the two groups significantly declined after treatment (P less than 0.05), however, the decreae in the observation group was more obvious (P less than 0.05). The improvement of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and blood glucose of the observation group was superior to that of the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, traditional Chinese medicine in combination with Western medicine has a remarkable effect in the treatment of DPN and can effectively relieve vital signs and clinical symptoms of patients and significantly improve nerve conduction velocity. The therapy is worth clinical application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - H Y Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, China
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