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Merrick M, Mimlitz MJ, Weeder C, Akhter H, Bray A, Walther A, Nwakama C, Bamesberger J, Djam H, Abid K, Ekpenyong A. In vitro radiotherapy and chemotherapy alter migration of brain cancer cells before cell death. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101071. [PMID: 34286111 PMCID: PMC8280507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiotherapy and most cancer drugs target the proliferation of cancer cells, it is metastasis, the complex process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to other tissues and organs of the body where they form new tumors, that leads to over 90% of all cancer deaths. Thus, there is an urgent need for anti-metastasis strategies alongside chemotherapy and radiotherapy. An important step in the metastatic cascade is migration. It is the first step in metastasis via local invasion. Here we address the question whether ionizing radiation and/or chemotherapy might inadvertently promote metastasis and/or invasiveness by enhancing cell migration. We used a standard laboratory irradiator, Faxitron CellRad, to irradiate both non-cancer (HCN2 neurons) and cancer cells (T98G glioblastoma) with 2 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy of X-rays. Paclitaxel (5 μM) was used for chemotherapy. We then measured the attachment and migration of the cells using an electric cell substrate impedance sensing device. Both the irradiated HCN2 cells and T98G cells showed significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced migration compared to non-irradiated cells, within the first 20–40 h following irradiation with 20 Gy. Our results suggest that cell migration should be a therapeutic target in anti-metastasis/anti-invasion strategies for improved radiotherapy and chemotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Merrick
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | | | - Catherine Weeder
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Haris Akhter
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Allie Bray
- Department of Mathematics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Andrew Walther
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Chisom Nwakama
- Department of Chemistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Joe Bamesberger
- HCB Pre-health Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Honour Djam
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Kaamil Abid
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Andrew Ekpenyong
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
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Sekar A, Yadav R, Basavaraj N. Fluorescence quenching mechanism and the application of green carbon nanodots in the detection of heavy metal ions: a review. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04878j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review article highlights the quenching mechanism and applications of green CNDs for the detection of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Sekar
- Department of Chemistry
- Madras Christian College
- Affiliated to the University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Rakhi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Madras Christian College
- Affiliated to the University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Nivetha Basavaraj
- Department of Chemistry
- Madras Christian College
- Affiliated to the University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
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3
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Application of PEG-CdSe@ZnS quantum dots for ROS imaging and evaluation of deoxynivalenol-mediated oxidative stress in living cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Early diagnosis of diseases is of great importance because it increases the chance of a cure and significantly reduces treatment costs. Thus, development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable biosensing techniques is essential for the benefits of human life and health. As such, various nanomaterials have been explored to improve performance of biosensors, among which, carbon dots (CDs) have received enormous attention due to their excellent performance. In this Review, the recent advancements of CD-based biosensors have been carefully summarized. First, biosensors are classified according to their sensing strategies, and the role of CDs in these sensors is elaborated in detail. Next, several typical CD-based biosensors (including CD-only, enzymatic, antigen-antibody, and nucleic acid biosensors) and their applications are fully discussed. Last, advantages, challenges, and perspectives on the future trends of CD-based biosensors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Ji
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Zhili Peng
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of China
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Prasanth D, Suresh S, Prathivadhi-Bhayankaram S, Mimlitz M, Zetocha N, Lee B, Ekpenyong A. Microgravity Modulates Effects of Chemotherapeutic Drugs on Cancer Cell Migration. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E162. [PMID: 32846924 PMCID: PMC7555236 DOI: 10.3390/life10090162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity or the condition of apparent weightlessness causes bone, muscular and immune system dysfunctions in astronauts following spaceflights. These organ and system-level dysfunctions correlate with changes induced at the single cell level both by simulated microgravity on earth as well as microgravity conditions in outer space (as in the international space station). Reported changes in single bone cells, muscle cells and white blood cells include structural/morphological abnormalities, changes in gene expression, protein expression, metabolic pathways and signaling pathways, suggesting that cells mount some response or adjustment to microgravity. However, the implications of such adjustments on many cellular functions and responses are not clear largely because the primary mechanism of gravity sensing in animal cells is unknown. Here, we used a rotary cell culture system developed by NASA to subject leukemic and erythroleukemic cancer cells to microgravity for 48 h and then quantified their innate immune response to common anti-cancer drugs using biophysical parameters and our recently developed quantum-dot-based fluorescence spectroscopy. We found that leukemic cancer cells treated with daunorubicin show increased chemotactic migration (p < 0.01) following simulated microgravity (µg) compared to normal gravity on earth (1 g). However, cells treated with doxorubicin showed enhanced migration both in 1 g and following µg. Our results show that microgravity modulates cancer cell response to chemotherapy in a drug-dependent manner. These results suggest using simulated microgravity as an immunomodulatory tool for the development of new immunotherapies for both space and terrestrial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Prasanth
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Sindhuja Suresh
- Computer Science Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68187, USA;
| | | | - Michael Mimlitz
- Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.P.-B.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Noah Zetocha
- Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.P.-B.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Bong Lee
- Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.P.-B.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Andrew Ekpenyong
- Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.P.-B.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (B.L.)
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Goryacheva OA, Guhrenz C, Schneider K, Beloglazova NV, Goryacheva IY, De Saeger S, Gaponik N. Silanized Luminescent Quantum Dots for the Simultaneous Multicolor Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Two Mycotoxins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24575-24584. [PMID: 32372638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A critical point for the successful development of a fluorescent quantum dot (QD)-based immunoassay is maintaining the high fluorescence quantum yield of QDs during hydrophilization and bioconjugation. In this paper, we carefully designed CdSe/CdS and CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell heterostructures and extended them with silica coating of different surface composition allowing preservation of fluorescence quantum yield as high as 70% in aqueous media. The silanized QDs containing epoxy and carboxy surface groups were bioconjugated with monoclonal antibodies. The synthesized fluorescent conjugates were used in a multicolor lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous determination of two mycotoxins. Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol were chosen as a proof of concept. Cutoff levels for the zearalenone and deoxynivalenol detection were adjusted to be at 40 and 400 μg kg-1, respectively, complying with the European Commission regulation. Validation of the developed test was performed by analysis of 34 naturally contaminated maize and wheat samples; as a confirmatory method, LC-MS/MS was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Goryacheva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Chemistry Institute, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Chris Guhrenz
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Kristian Schneider
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Natalia V Beloglazova
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Goryacheva
- Chemistry Institute, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
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Quantum Dots for Assessment of Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation During Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32246344 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0463-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles ranging in size from 2 to 10 nm. QDs are increasingly being developed for biomedical imaging, targeted drug delivery, and green energy technology. Here we describe the novel utilization of biocompatible CdSe-ZnS core-shell semiconductor nanoparticles for assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the context of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, both of which are important modalities in the treatment of cancer.
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