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Hörmann M, Camargo FVA, van Hulst NF, Cerullo G, Liebel M. Ultrabroadband Optical Diffraction Tomography. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:3680-3687. [PMID: 39310293 PMCID: PMC11413850 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a powerful noninvasive 3D imaging technique, but its combination with broadband light sources is difficult. In this study, we introduce ultrabroadband ODT, covering over 150 nm of visible spectral bandwidth with a lateral spatial resolution of 150 nm. Our work addresses a critical experimental gap by enabling the measurement of broadband refractive index changes in 3D samples, crucial information that is difficult to assess with existing methodologies. We present broadband, spectrally resolved ODT images of HeLa cells, obtained via pulse-shaping-based Fourier transform spectroscopy. The spectral observations enabled by ultrabroadband ODT, combined with material-dependent refractive index responses, allow for precise three-dimensional identification of nanoparticles within cellular structures. Our work represents a crucial step toward time and spectrally resolved tomography of complex 3D structures with implications for life and materials science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hörmann
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Franco V. A. Camargo
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Niek F. van Hulst
- ICFO
− Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, Castelldefels - Barcelona 08860, Spain
- ICREA
− Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Matz Liebel
- ICFO
− Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, Castelldefels - Barcelona 08860, Spain
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan
1081, Amsterdam, HV 1081, The Netherlands
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Goswami N, Anastasio MA, Popescu G. Quantitative phase imaging techniques for measuring scattering properties of cells and tissues: a review-part II. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S22714. [PMID: 39070593 PMCID: PMC11283205 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Significance Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a non-invasive, label-free technique that provides intrinsic information about the sample under study. Such information includes the structure, function, and dynamics of the sample. QPI overcomes the limitations of conventional fluorescence microscopy in terms of phototoxicity to the sample and photobleaching of the fluorophore. As such, the application of QPI in estimating the three-dimensional (3D) structure and dynamics is well-suited for a range of samples from intracellular organelles to highly scattering multicellular samples while allowing for longer observation windows. Aim We aim to provide a comprehensive review of 3D QPI and related phase-based measurement techniques along with a discussion of methods for the estimation of sample dynamics. Approach We present information collected from 106 publications that cover the theoretical description of 3D light scattering and the implementation of related measurement techniques for the study of the structure and dynamics of the sample. We conclude with a discussion of the applications of the reviewed techniques in the biomedical field. Results QPI has been successfully applied to 3D sample imaging. The scattering-based contrast provides measurements of intrinsic quantities of the sample that are indicative of disease state, stage of growth, or overall dynamics. Conclusions We reviewed state-of-the-art QPI techniques for 3D imaging and dynamics estimation of biological samples. Both theoretical and experimental aspects of various techniques were discussed. We also presented the applications of the discussed techniques as applied to biomedicine and biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goswami
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Mark A. Anastasio
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Bianchi S, Brasili F, Saglimbeni F, Cortese B, Di Leonardo R. Optical diffraction tomography of 3D microstructures using a low coherence source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22321-22332. [PMID: 36224932 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a label-free technique for three dimensional imaging of micron-sized objects. Coherence and limited sampling of 3D Fourier space are often responsible for the appearance of artifacts. Here we present an ODT microscope that uses low temporal coherence light and spatial light modulators to retrieve reliable 3D maps of the refractive index. A common-path interferometer, based on a spatial light modulator, measures the complex fields transmitted by a sample. Measured fields, acquired while scanning the illumination direction using a digital micro-mirror device, are fed into a Rytov reconstruction algorithm to obtain refractive index maps whose accuracy is directly evaluated on microfabricated 3D test objects. Even for challenging shapes such as pyramids, bridges, and dumbbells, we obtain volumetric reconstructions that compare very well with electron microscopy images.
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Lipke W, Winnik J, Trusiak M. Numerical analysis of the effect of reduced temporal coherence in quantitative phase microscopy and tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21241-21257. [PMID: 36224847 DOI: 10.1364/oe.458167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the numerical analysis of the effect of the temporarily partially coherent illumination on the phase measurement accuracy in digital holography microscopy (DHM) and optical diffraction tomography (ODT), as reconstruction algorithms tend to assume purely monochromatic conditions. In the regime of reduced temporal coherence, we simulate the hologram formation in two different optical setups, representing classical off-axis two-beam and grating common-path configurations. We consider two ODT variants: with sample rotation and angle-scanning of illumination. Besides the coherence degree of illumination, our simulation considers the influence of the sample normal dispersion, shape of the light spectrum, and optical parameters of the imaging setup. As reconstruction algorithms we employ Fourier hologram method and first-order Rytov approximation with direct inversion and nonnegativity constraints. Quantitative evaluation of the measurement results deviations introduced by the mentioned error sources is comprehensively analyzed, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Obtained outcomes indicate low final DHM/ODT reconstruction errors for the grating-assisted common-path configuration. Nevertheless, dispersion and asymmetric spectrum introduce non-negligible overestimated refractive index values and noise, and should be thus carefully considered within experimental frameworks.
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5
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Guo Y, Guo R, Qi P, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zheng G, Zhong J. Robust multi-angle structured illumination lensless microscopy via illumination angle calibration. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1847-1850. [PMID: 35363751 DOI: 10.1364/ol.454892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multi-angle structured illumination lensless (MASIL) microscopy enables high-resolution image recovery over a large field of view. Successful image recovery of MASIL microscopy, however, relies on an accurate knowledge of the multi-angle illumination. System misalignments and slight deviations from the true illumination angle may result in image artifacts in reconstruction. Here we report a MASIL microscopy system that is robust against illumination misalignment. To calibrate the illumination angles, we design and use a double-sided mask, which is a glass wafer fabricated with a ring-array pattern on the upper surface and a disk-array pattern on the lower surface. As such, the illumination angles can be decoded from the captured images by estimating the relative displacement of the two patterns. We experimentally demonstrate that this system can achieve successful image recovery without any prior knowledge of the illumination angles. The reported approach provides a simple yet robust resolution for wide-field lensless microscopy. It can solve the LED array misalignment problem and calibrate angle-varied illumination for a variety of applications.
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Wang Z, Bianco V, Pirone D, Memmolo P, Villone MM, Maffettone PL, Ferraro P. Dehydration of plant cells shoves nuclei rotation allowing for 3D phase-contrast tomography. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:187. [PMID: 34526484 PMCID: PMC8443563 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell phase-contrast tomography promises to become decisive for studying 3D intracellular structures in biology. It involves probing cells with light at wide angles, which unfortunately requires complex systems. Here we show an intriguing concept based on an inherent natural process for plants biology, i.e., dehydration, allowing us to easily obtain 3D-tomography of onion-epidermal cells' nuclei. In fact, the loss of water reduces the turgor pressure and we recognize it induces significant rotation of cells' nuclei. Thanks to the holographic focusing flexibility and an ad-hoc angles' tracking algorithm, we combine different phase-contrast views of the nuclei to retrieve their 3D refractive index distribution. Nucleolus identification capability and a strategy for measuring morphology, dry mass, biovolume, and refractive index statistics are reported and discussed. This new concept could revolutionize the investigation in plant biology by enabling dynamic 3D quantitative and label-free analysis at sub-nuclear level using a conventional holographic setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Pirone
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Claudio 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Maria Villone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Pier Luca Maffettone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
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Zdańkowski P, Winnik J, Patorski K, Gocłowski P, Ziemczonok M, Józwik M, Kujawińska M, Trusiak M. Common-path intrinsically achromatic optical diffraction tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4219-4234. [PMID: 34457410 PMCID: PMC8367224 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work we propose an open-top like common-path intrinsically achromatic optical diffraction tomography system. It operates as a total-shear interferometer and employs Ronchi-type amplitude diffraction grating, positioned in between the camera and the tube lens without an additional 4f system, generating three-beam interferograms with achromatic second harmonic. Such configuration makes the proposed system low cost, compact and immune to vibrations. We present the results of the measurements of 3D-printed cell phantom using laser diode (coherent) and superluminescent diode (partially coherent) light sources. Broadband light sources can be naturally employed without the need for any cumbersome compensation because of the intrinsic achromaticity of the interferometric recording (holograms generated by -1st and +1st conjugated diffraction orders are not affected by the illumination wavelength). The results show that the decreased coherence offers much reduced coherent noise and higher fidelity tomographic reconstruction especially when applied nonnegativity constraint regularization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zdańkowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Julianna Winnik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Krzysztof Patorski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gocłowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ziemczonok
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Józwik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kujawińska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Trusiak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
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Chen X, Kandel ME, Popescu G. Spatial light interference microscopy: principle and applications to biomedicine. ADVANCES IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS 2021; 13:353-425. [PMID: 35494404 PMCID: PMC9048520 DOI: 10.1364/aop.417837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM), a common-path, phase-shifting interferometer, built onto a phase-contrast microscope, with white-light illumination. As one of the most sensitive quantitative phase imaging (QPI) methods, SLIM allows for speckle-free phase reconstruction with sub-nanometer path-length stability. We first review image formation in QPI, scattering, and full-field methods. Then, we outline SLIM imaging from theory and instrumentation to diffraction tomography. Zernike's phase-contrast microscopy, phase retrieval in SLIM, and halo removal algorithms are discussed. Next, we discuss the requirements for operation, with a focus on software developed in-house for SLIM that enables high-throughput acquisition, whole slide scanning, mosaic tile registration, and imaging with a color camera. We introduce two methods for solving the inverse problem using SLIM, white-light tomography, and Wolf phase tomography. Lastly, we review the applications of SLIM in basic science and clinical studies. SLIM can study cell dynamics, cell growth and proliferation, cell migration, mass transport, etc. In clinical settings, SLIM can assist with cancer studies, reproductive technology, blood testing, etc. Finally, we review an emerging trend, where SLIM imaging in conjunction with artificial intelligence brings computational specificity and, in turn, offers new solutions to outstanding challenges in cell biology and pathology.
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9
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Bouchal P, Chmelík R, Bouchal Z. Phase of white light and its compatibility to the optical path. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:12398-12412. [PMID: 33985000 DOI: 10.1364/oe.418878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phase of monochromatic light directly relates to the optical path difference (OPD), but finding this connection for spectrally broadband light is challenging. Due to a missing concept of the compatibility between the phase of randomly fluctuating fields and the OPD, demanding scanning is the only proven way for a highly accurate OPD measurement in white light. Here, we use the self-coherence function (SCF) of the spatially incoherent light to reveal the connection between the white-light phase and the OPD. Our method uses an associated field assigned to the SCF to mimic the intensity oscillation of a correlation pattern. The associated field allows restoring a cumulative OPD integrated into the SCF across all spectral constituents. The method is essential for quantitative phase microscopy, in which the SCF is available even in white light, but its processing beyond the quasi-monochromatic approach is still lacking. Improper assessment of the white-light phase may result in a loss of measurement accuracy, as we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally. Deploying our method in coherence-controlled holographic microscopy, we measured the cumulative OPD in the broadband light with a strongly asymmetric spectrum (bandwidth of 150 nm), achieving accuracy better than 5 nm in the measuring depth range of 2 µm.
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Taddese AM, Verrier N, Debailleul M, Courbot JB, Haeberlé O. Optimizing sample illumination scanning in transmission tomographic diffractive microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:1694-1704. [PMID: 33690516 DOI: 10.1364/ao.417061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the sequential nature of data acquisition, it is preferable to limit the number of illuminations to be used in tomographic diffractive microscopy experiments, especially if fast imaging is foreseen. On the other hand, for high-quality, high-resolution imaging, the Fourier space has to be optimally filled. Up to now, the problem of optimal Fourier space filling has not been investigated in itself. In this paper, we perform a comparative study to analyze the effect of sample scanning patterns on Fourier space filling for a transmission setup. Optical transfer functions for several illumination patterns are studied. Simulation as well as experiments are conducted to compare associated image reconstructions. We found that 3D uniform angular sweeping best fills the Fourier space, leading to better quality images.
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Park C, Lee K, Baek Y, Park Y. Low-coherence optical diffraction tomography using a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:39649-39659. [PMID: 33379510 DOI: 10.1364/oe.405418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a three-dimensional (3D) label-free imaging technique. The 3D refractive index distribution of a sample can be reconstructed from multiple two-dimensional optical field images via ODT. Herein, we introduce a temporally low-coherence ODT technique using a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator (FLC SLM). The fast binary-phase modulation provided by the FLC SLM ensures the high spatiotemporal resolution. To reduce coherent noise, a superluminescent light-emitting diode is used as an economic low-coherence light source. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed system using various samples, including colloidal microspheres and live epithelial cells.
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Soto JM, Mas A, Rodrigo JA, Alieva T, Domínguez-Bernal G. Label-free bioanalysis of Leishmania infantum using refractive index tomography with partially coherent illumination. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900030. [PMID: 31081235 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the use of refractive index (RI) tomography for quantitative analysis of unstained DH82 cell line infected with Leishmania infantum. The cell RI is reconstructed by using a modality of optical diffraction tomography technique that employs partially coherent illumination, thus enabling inherent compatibility with conventional wide-field microscopes. The experimental results demonstrate that the cell dry mass concentration (DMC) obtained from the RI allows for reliable detection and quantitative characterization of the infection and its temporal evolution. The RI provides important insight for studying morphological changes, particularly membrane blebbing linked to an apoptosis (cell death) process induced by the disease. Moreover, the results evidence that infected DH82 cells exhibit a higher DMC than healthy samples. These findings open up promising perspectives for clinical diagnosis of Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Soto
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Mas
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Rodrigo
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatiana Alieva
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Domínguez-Bernal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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