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Audoin B. Principles and advances in ultrafast photoacoustics; applications to imaging cell mechanics and to probing cell nanostructure. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100496. [PMID: 37159813 PMCID: PMC10163675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article we first present the foundations of ultrafast photoacoustics, a technique where the acoustic wavelength in play can be considerably shorter than the optical wavelength. The physics primarily involved in the conversion of short light pulses into high frequency sound is described. The mechanical disturbances following the relaxation of hot electrons in metals and other processes leading to the breaking of the mechanical balance are presented, and the generation of bulk shear-waves, of surface and interface waves and of guided waves is discussed. Then, efforts to overcome the limitations imposed by optical diffraction are described. Next, the principles behind the detection of the so generated coherent acoustic phonons with short light pulses are introduced for both opaque and transparent materials. The striking instrumental advances, in the detection of acoustic displacements, ultrafast acquisition, frequency and space resolution are discussed. Then secondly, we introduce picosecond opto-acoustics as a remote and label-free novel modality with an excellent capacity for quantitative evaluation and imaging of the cell's mechanical properties, currently with micron in-plane and sub-optical in depth resolution. We present the methods for time domain Brillouin spectroscopy in cells and for cell ultrasonography. The current applications of this unconventional means of addressing biological questions are presented. This microscopy of the nanoscale intra-cell mechanics, based on the optical monitoring of coherent phonons, is currently emerging as a breakthrough method offering new insights into the supra-molecular structural changes that accompany cell response to a myriad of biological events.
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Ishijima A, Okabe S, Sakuma I, Nakagawa K. Dispersive coherent Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100447. [PMID: 36601363 PMCID: PMC9806682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Frequency- and time-domain Brillouin scattering spectroscopy are powerful tools to read out the mechanical properties of complex systems in material and life sciences. Indeed, coherent acoustic phonons in the time-domain method offer superior depth resolution and a stronger signal than incoherent acoustic phonons in the frequency-domain method. However, it requires scanning of delay time between laser pulses for pumping and probing coherent acoustic phonons. Here, we present Brillouin scattering spectroscopy that spans the time and frequency domains to allow the multichannel detection of Brillouin scattering light from coherent acoustic phonons. Our technique traces the time-evolve Brillouin oscillations at the instantaneous frequency of a chromatic-dispersed laser pulse. The spectroscopic heterodyning of Brillouin scattering light in the frequency domain allows a single-frame readout of gigahertz-frequency oscillations with a spectrometer. As a proof of concept, we imaged heterogeneous thin films and biological cells over a wide bandwidth with nanometer depth resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Ishijima
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shinga Okabe
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakagawa
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Pupeikis J, Hu W, Willenberg B, Mehendale M, Antonelli G, Phillips C, Keller U. Efficient pump-probe sampling with a single-cavity dual-comb laser: Application in ultrafast photoacoustics. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100439. [PMID: 36570472 PMCID: PMC9772547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast pump-probe measurements are used to characterize various samples, such as biological cells, bulk, and thin-film structures. However, typical implementations of the pump-probe apparatus are either slow or complex and costly hindering wide deployment. Here we combine a single-cavity dual-comb laser with a simple experimental setup to obtain pump-probe measurements with ultra-high sensitivity, fast acquisition, and high timing precision over long optical delay scan ranges of 12.5 ns that would correspond to a mechanical delay of about 3.75 m. We employ digital signal balancing to obtain shot-noise-limited detection compatible with pump-probe microscopy deployment. Here we demonstrate ultrafast photoacoustics for thin-film sample characterization. We measured a tungsten layer thickness of (700 ± 4) Å with shot-noise-limited detection. Such single-cavity dual-comb lasers can be used for any pump-probe measurements and are especially well-suited for ultrafast photoacoustic studies such as involving ultrasonic echoes, Brillouin oscillations, surface acoustic waves and thermal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pupeikis
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - W. Hu
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - B. Willenberg
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - M. Mehendale
- Onto Innovation Inc., 16 Jonspin Road, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA
| | - G.A. Antonelli
- Onto Innovation Inc., 16 Jonspin Road, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA
| | - C.R. Phillips
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - U. Keller
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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Schlüßler R, Kim K, Nötzel M, Taubenberger A, Abuhattum S, Beck T, Müller P, Maharana S, Cojoc G, Girardo S, Hermann A, Alberti S, Guck J. Correlative all-optical quantification of mass density and mechanics of subcellular compartments with fluorescence specificity. eLife 2022; 11:e68490. [PMID: 35001870 PMCID: PMC8816383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative measurements of physical parameters become increasingly important for understanding biological processes. Brillouin microscopy (BM) has recently emerged as one technique providing the 3D distribution of viscoelastic properties inside biological samples - so far relying on the implicit assumption that refractive index (RI) and density can be neglected. Here, we present a novel method (FOB microscopy) combining BM with optical diffraction tomography and epifluorescence imaging for explicitly measuring the Brillouin shift, RI, and absolute density with specificity to fluorescently labeled structures. We show that neglecting the RI and density might lead to erroneous conclusions. Investigating the nucleoplasm of wild-type HeLa cells, we find that it has lower density but higher longitudinal modulus than the cytoplasm. Thus, the longitudinal modulus is not merely sensitive to the water content of the sample - a postulate vividly discussed in the field. We demonstrate the further utility of FOB on various biological systems including adipocytes and intracellular membraneless compartments. FOB microscopy can provide unexpected scientific discoveries and shed quantitative light on processes such as phase separation and transition inside living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Schlüßler
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Martin Nötzel
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
| | - Anna Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
| | - Shada Abuhattum
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Timon Beck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Paul Müller
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Shovamaye Maharana
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruIndia
| | - Gheorghe Cojoc
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
| | - Salvatore Girardo
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", University Rostock, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Rostock/GreifswaldGermany
| | - Simon Alberti
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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Pupeikis J, Willenberg B, Bruno F, Hettich M, Nussbaum-Lapping A, Golling M, Bauer CP, Camenzind SL, Benayad A, Camy P, Audoin B, Phillips CR, Keller U. Picosecond ultrasonics with a free-running dual-comb laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35735-35754. [PMID: 34809002 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a free-running 80-MHz dual-comb polarization-multiplexed solid-state laser which delivers 1.8 W of average power with 110-fs pulse duration per comb. With a high-sensitivity pump-probe setup, we apply this free-running dual-comb laser to picosecond ultrasonic measurements. The ultrasonic signatures in a semiconductor multi-quantum-well structure originating from the quantum wells and superlattice regions are revealed and discussed. We further demonstrate ultrasonic measurements on a thin-film metalized sample and compare these measurements to ones obtained with a pair of locked femtosecond lasers. Our data show that a free-running dual-comb laser is well-suited for picosecond ultrasonic measurements and thus it offers a significant reduction in complexity and cost for this widely adopted non-destructive testing technique.
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Smith RJ, Pérez-Cota F, Marques L, Clark M. 3D phonon microscopy with sub-micron axial-resolution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3301. [PMID: 33558575 PMCID: PMC7870650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brillouin light scattering (BLS) is an emerging method for cell imaging and characterisation. It allows elasticity-related contrast, optical resolution and label-free operation. Phonon microscopy detects BLS from laser generated coherent phonon fields to offer an attractive route for imaging since, at GHz frequencies, the phonon wavelength is sub-optical. Using phonon fields to image single cells is challenging as the signal to noise ratio and acquisition time are often poor. However, recent advances in the instrumentation have enabled imaging of fixed and living cells. This work presents the first experimental characterisation of phonon-based axial resolution provided by the response to a sharp edge. The obtained axial resolution is up to 10 times higher than that of the optical system used to take the measurements. Validation of the results are obtained with various polymer objects, which are in good agreement with those obtained using atomic force microscopy. Edge localisation, and hence profilometry, of a phantom boundary is measured with accuracy and precision of approximately 60 nm and 100 nm respectively. Finally, 3D imaging of fixed cells in culture medium is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Smith
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Fernando Pérez-Cota
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Leonel Marques
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matt Clark
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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Hamraoui A, Sénépart O, Schneider M, Malaquin S, Péronne E, Becerra L, Semprez F, Legay C, Belliard L. Correlative Imaging of Motoneuronal Cell Elasticity by Pump and Probe Spectroscopy. Biophys J 2021; 120:402-408. [PMID: 33421413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their role of information transmitter between the spinal cord and the muscle fibers, motor neurons are subject to physical stimulation and mechanical property modifications. We report on motoneuron elasticity investigated by time-resolved pump and probe spectroscopy. A dual picosecond geometry simultaneously probing the acoustic impedance mismatch at the cell-titanium transducer interface and acoustic wave propagation inside the motoneuron is presented. Such noncontact and nondestructive microscopy, correlated to standard atomic force microscopy or a fluorescent labels approach, has been carried out on a single cell to address some physical properties such as bulk modulus of elasticity, dynamical longitudinal viscosity, and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamraoui
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France.
| | - Océane Sénépart
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France; Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France; Centre de recherche de l'ECE Paris-Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Schneider
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France; Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France; Centre de recherche de l'ECE Paris-Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Malaquin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Péronne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Becerra
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fannie Semprez
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France
| | - Claire Legay
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Belliard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
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Taubenberger AV, Baum B, Matthews HK. The Mechanics of Mitotic Cell Rounding. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:687. [PMID: 32850812 PMCID: PMC7423972 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When animal cells enter mitosis, they round up to become spherical. This shape change is accompanied by changes in mechanical properties. Multiple studies using different measurement methods have revealed that cell surface tension, intracellular pressure and cortical stiffness increase upon entry into mitosis. These cell-scale, biophysical changes are driven by alterations in the composition and architecture of the contractile acto-myosin cortex together with osmotic swelling and enable a mitotic cell to exert force against the environment. When the ability of cells to round is limited, for example by physical confinement, cells suffer severe defects in spindle assembly and cell division. The requirement to push against the environment to create space for spindle formation is especially important for cells dividing in tissues. Here we summarize the evidence and the tools used to show that cells exert rounding forces in mitosis in vitro and in vivo, review the molecular basis for this force generation and discuss its function for ensuring successful cell division in single cells and for cells dividing in normal or diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen K. Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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