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Thiele S, Isselmann B, Pfau M, Holz FG, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Wu Z, Guymer RH, Luu CD. Validation of an Automated Quantification of Relative Ellipsoid Zone Reflectivity on Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography Images. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:17. [PMID: 33133775 PMCID: PMC7581490 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Relative ellipsoid zone reflectivity (rEZR) represents a potential biomarker of photoreceptor health on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Because manual quantification of rEZR is laborious and lacks of spatial resolution, automated quantification of the rEZR would be beneficial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of an automated rEZR quantification method. Methods The rEZR was acquired using a manual and an automated approach in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and healthy controls. The rEZR obtained from both methods was compared and the agreement between the methods and their reproducibility assessed. Results Forty eyes of 40 participants with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 65.2 ± 7.8 years were included. Both the manual and automated method showed that control eyes exhibit a greater rEZR than AMD eyes (P < 0.001). Overall, the limits of agreement between the manual and automated method were -7.5 to 7.3 arbitrary units (AU) and 95% of the data points had a difference in the rEZR between the methods of ±8.2%. An expected perfect reproducibility was observed for the automated method, whereas the manual method had a coefficient of repeatability of 6.3 arbitrary units. Conclusions The automated quantification of rEZR method is reliable and reproducible. Further studies of the rEZR as a novel biomarker for AMD severity and progression are warranted. Translational Relevance Automated quantification of SD-OCT-based rEZR allows for its comprehensive and longitudinal characterization evaluating its relevance as an in vivo biomarker of photoreceptor function and its prognostic value for AMD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thiele
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,GRADE Reading Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ben Isselmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pfau
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,GRADE Reading Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,GRADE Reading Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,GRADE Reading Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chi D Luu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Steptoe PJ, Momorie F, Fornah AD, Komba P, Emsley E, Scott JT, Williams SJ, Harding SP, Vandy MJ, Sahr F, Beare NAV, Semple MG. Evolving Longitudinal Retinal Observations in a Cohort of Survivors of Ebola Virus Disease. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020; 138:395-403. [PMID: 32134433 PMCID: PMC7146102 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance The 2-year ophthalmic sequelae of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in survivors of the 2013 to 2016 epidemic is unknown and may have public health implications for future outbreaks. Objective To assess the potential for uveitis recurrence, the behavior of dark without pressure, and visual outcomes in a cohort of Sierra Leonean survivors of EVD 2 years following the 2013 to 2016 Ebola epidemic. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective, 1-year observational cohort study performed between 2016 and 2017 at 34 Military Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Participants included survivors of EVD who reported ocular symptoms since Ebola treatment unit discharge and were participants of a previous case-control study. Participants were invited for ophthalmic reexamination and finger-prick blood sampling for immunoglobulin G (IgG) to Toxoplasma gondii and HIV. Exposures Ebola virus disease. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome measure: comparative ultra-widefield retinal imaging. Secondary outcome measures: visual acuity and detection of IgG to T gondii and HIV. Results Of 57 survivors of EVD who underwent repeated ophthalmic evaluation, 37 were women (64.9%). Mean (SD) age was 31.9 (11.1) years. Median interval between first and last examination was 370 days (interquartile range [IQR], 365-397.5 days), and median time from discharge to last examination was 779 days (IQR, 732-821 days). Fifteen eyes of 10 survivors (17.5%) had retinal lesions secondary to EVD. No new EVD-associated retinal lesions were observed. Two survivors (3.5%) developed new posterior uveitis resembling toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis and 41 (73%) were seropositive for T gondii IgG. Areas of dark without pressure were observed either confined to the perimeter of Ebola retinal lesions (n = 7) and non-Ebola lesions (n = 2), involving extensive retinal areas adjacent to Ebola retinal lesions (n = 4) and non-Ebola lesions (n = 2) or in isolation (n = 6). Both expansion and regression of areas of dark without pressure were observed over the study period. Best eye-presenting visual acuity had mild or no visual impairment in 55 survivors (96.4%) 2 years following discharge. Conclusions and Relevance Vision was maintained in survivors of EVD 2 years following discharge. Evolving regions of dark without pressure may be associated with EVD retinal lesions and might suggest the presence of an ongoing intraretinal stimulus, which may be associated with infective etiology. Treatment strategies should account for the possibility of toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis recurrence within survivors of EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Steptoe
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.,St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, England.,National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Fayiah Momorie
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland.,34 Military Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Alimamy D Fornah
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland.,34 Military Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Patrick Komba
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland.,34 Military Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Elizabeth Emsley
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, England
| | - Janet T Scott
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.,Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Samantha J Williams
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Simon P Harding
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, England.,Department of Eye and Vision Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | | | - Foday Sahr
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland.,34 Military Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Nicholas A V Beare
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, England.,Department of Eye and Vision Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.,National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
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3
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Bashkatov AN, Berezin KV, Dvoretskiy KN, Chernavina ML, Genina EA, Genin VD, Kochubey VI, Lazareva EN, Pravdin AB, Shvachkina ME, Timoshina PA, Tuchina DK, Yakovlev DD, Yakovlev DA, Yanina IY, Zhernovaya OS, Tuchin VV. Measurement of tissue optical properties in the context of tissue optical clearing. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-31. [PMID: 30141286 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.9.091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, dynamically developing optical (photonic) technologies play an ever-increasing role in medicine. Their adequate and effective implementation in diagnostics, surgery, and therapy needs reliable data on optical properties of human tissues, including skin. This paper presents an overview of recent results on the measurements and control of tissue optical properties. The issues reported comprise a brief review of optical properties of biological tissues and efficacy of optical clearing (OC) method in application to monitoring of diabetic complications and visualization of blood vessels and microcirculation using a number of optical imaging technologies, including spectroscopic, optical coherence tomography, and polarization- and speckle-based ones. Molecular modeling of immersion OC of skin and specific technique of OC of adipose tissue by its heating and photodynamic treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N Bashkatov
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Berezin
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Konstantin N Dvoretskiy
- Saratov State Medical University, Subdivision of Medical and Biological Physics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Maria L Chernavina
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Elina A Genina
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vadim D Genin
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav I Kochubey
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Lazareva
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Center for Functionalized Magnetic Materials, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Alexander B Pravdin
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Marina E Shvachkina
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Polina A Timoshina
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Daria K Tuchina
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry D Yakovlev
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Yakovlev
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Yanina
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga S Zhernovaya
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
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4
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Tsai LH, Yang PN, Wu CC, Lin HY. Quantifying scattering coefficient for multiple scattering effect by combining optical coherence tomography with finite-difference time-domain simulation method. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 30156065 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.8.086004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems, to precisely obtain the scattering properties of samples is an essential issue in diagnostic applications. Especially with a higher density turbid medium, the light interferes among the adjacent scatters. Combining an OCT experiment with the finite-difference time-domain simulation method, the multiple scattering effect is shown to affect the scattering properties of medium depending on the interparticle spacing. The far-field scattering phase function of scatters with various diameters was simulated to further analyze the corresponding anisotropy factors, which can be introduced into the extended Huygens-Fresnel theory to find the scattering coefficient of measured samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hsuan Tsai
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Elect, Taiwan
| | - Po Nien Yang
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Elect, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Wu
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Elect, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Department of Electrical, Taiwan
| | - Hoang Yan Lin
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Elect, Taiwan
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Zhang J, Wang G, Feng Y, Sa Y. Comparison of contourlet transform and gray level co-occurrence matrix for analyzing cell-scattered patterns. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:86013. [PMID: 27552309 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.086013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of scattered image patterns hinges on morphological and optical characteristics of cells. This paper applied a numerical method to simulate scattered images of real cell morphologies, which were reconstructed from confocal image stacks dyed by fluorescent stains. Two approaches, contourlet transform (CT) and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), were then used to analyze the simulated scattered images. The results showed that features extracted using GLCM contained more information than those extracted using CT. Higher classification accuracy could be achieved with a single GLCM parameter than CT and GLCM could achieve higher accuracy with fewer parameters than CT when using multiple parameters. Meanwhile, GLCM requires less computational cost. Thus, GLCM is more suitable and efficient than CT for the analysis of cell-scattered images.
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Lauri J, Bykov A, Fabritius T. Quantification of cell-free layer thickness and cell distribution of blood by optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:40501. [PMID: 27071412 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.4.040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) with 1-μm 1-μm axial resolution was applied to assess the thickness of a cell-free layer (CFL) and a spatial distribution of red blood cells (RBC) next to the microchannel wall. The experiments were performed in vitro in a plain glass microchannel with a width of 2 mm and height of 0.2 mm. RBCs were suspended in phosphate buffered saline solution at the hematocrit level of 45%. Flow rates of 0.1 to 0.5 ml/h 0.5 ml/h were used to compensate gravity induced CFL. The results indicate that OCT can be efficiently used for the quantification of CFL thickness and spatial distribution of RBCs in microcirculatory blood flow.
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7
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Markovic S, Li S, Niedre M. Performance of computer vision in vivo flow cytometry with low fluorescence contrast. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:035005. [PMID: 25822954 PMCID: PMC4377326 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.3.035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Detection and enumeration of circulating cells in the bloodstream of small animals are important in many areas of preclinical biomedical research, including cancer metastasis, immunology, and reproductive medicine. Optical in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) represents a class of technologies that allow noninvasive and continuous enumeration of circulating cells without drawing blood samples. We recently developed a technique termed computer vision in vivo flow cytometry (CV-IVFC) that uses a high-sensitivity fluorescence camera and an automated computer vision algorithm to interrogate relatively large circulating blood volumes in the ear of a mouse. We detected circulating cells at concentrations as low as 20 cells/mL. In the present work, we characterized the performance of CV-IVFC with low-contrast imaging conditions with (1) weak cell fluorescent labeling using cell-simulating fluorescent microspheres with varying brightness and (2) high background tissue autofluorescence by varying autofluorescence properties of optical phantoms. Our analysis indicates that CV-IVFC can robustly track and enumerate circulating cells with at least 50% sensitivity even in conditions with two orders of magnitude degraded contrast than our previous in vivo work. These results support the significant potential utility of CV-IVFC in a wide range of in vivo biological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Markovic
- Northeastern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stacey Markovic, E-mail:
| | - Siyuan Li
- Northeastern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mark Niedre
- Northeastern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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8
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Tychinsky VP. Extension of the concept of an anomalous water component to images of T-cell organelles. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:126008. [PMID: 25500678 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.12.126008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic images of a living cell are the main source of information on its functional state. Modern interference microscopy techniques allow the numerical parameters of cell images to be obtained with an accuracy not available with other methods. Quantitative analysis of phase images of T lymphocytes (TCs) in different functional states demonstrated that variations of the properties of intracellular water should be taken into account. This conclusion agrees with the current view that the physical parameters of water, including the refractive index (RI) of a water layer, depend on the hydrophilicity and other characteristics of the adjacent surface. Application of this concept to phase images of TCs showed that the contribution of the fourth phase of water (4-water) or the structured water component, which has an increased RI, should be considered. The proportion of 4-water depends on the functional state of the cell determined by the culture medium composition. Normally, the proportion of 4-water in organelles is as high as 30%; it is considerably lower in organelles of cells with inhibited metabolism.
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Tychinsky VP, Kretushev AV, Vyshenskaya TV, Shtil AA. Dissecting eukaryotic cells by coherent phase microscopy: quantitative analysis of quiescent and activated T lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:076020. [PMID: 22894503 PMCID: PMC3400610 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.076020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a concept for quantitative characterization of a functional state of an individual eukaryotic cell based on interference imaging. The informative parameters of the phase images of quiescent and mitogen-activated T lymphocytes included the phase thickness, phase volume, the area, and the size of organelles. These parameters were obtained without a special hypothesis about cell structure. Combinations of these parameters generated a "phase portrait" of the cell. A simplified spherical multilayer optic model of a T lymphocyte was used to calculate the refractivity profile, to identify structural elements of the image with the organelles, and to interpret the parameters of the phase portrait. The values of phase image parameters underwent characteristic changes in the course of mitogenic stimulation of T cells; thereby, the functional state of individual cells can be described using these parameters. Because the values of the components of the phase portrait are measured in absolute units, it is possible to compare the parameters of images obtained with different interference microscopes. Thus, the analysis of phase portraits provides a new and perspective approach for quantitative, real-time analysis of subcellular structure and physiologic state of an individual cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Tychinsky
- Moscow Institute of Radioengineering, Electronics and Automation, Laboratory of Coherent Phase Microscopy, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119454, Russia.
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