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Spindler BD, Chen XV, Graf KI, Bühlmann P, Stein A. Potassium Ion-Selective Electrodes with BME-44 Ionophores Covalently Attached to Condensation-Cured Silicone Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39149971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
For ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) to be employed in wearable and implantable applications, the ion-selective membrane components should be biocompatible, and leaching of components, such as plasticizer or ionophore, out of the sensing membrane should be inhibited. To achieve this, we employed a plasticizer-free silicone as the membrane matrix and synthesized as the ionophore a derivative of the bis-crown ether based potassium ionophore BME-44, incorporating a triethoxysilyl functional group that covalently attaches to condensation-cured silicones during the curing process. Soxhlet extraction of these membranes with dichloromethane shows that up to 96% of the ionophore is attached to the silicone membrane during curing. We found that the covalently attachable BME-44 derivative can inadvertently adsorb onto high surface area carbon solid contacts before attaching to the silicone matrix if the curing of the silicone is performed in the presence of the high surface area carbon, resulting in depletion of ionophore from the membrane and yielding solid-contact ISEs with poor selectivity. In contrast, we observed Nernstian responses to K+ in plasticizer-free silicone-based K+ ISMs with either mobile BME-44 or the covalently attachable BME-44 derivative when the membranes were prepared on octane-thiol coated gold electrodes, where ionophore adsorption does not occur to a noticeable extent. As compared with ISMs doped with the mobile BME-44, ISMs prepared with the covalently attachable BME-44 derivative have better selectivity for K+ vs Na+ (log K K + , N a + values of -3.54 and <- 4.05 for mobile and covalently attachable BME-44, respectively) and lower resistance. This can be explained by a more homogeneous incorporation of the covalently attachable BME-44 derivative into the silicone matrix than is the case for the mobile BME-44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Spindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Xin V Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Katerina I Graf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
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2
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Stelmach E, Wagner B, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Finding a perfect match of ion-exchanger and plasticizer for ion-selective sensors. Talanta 2024; 269:125408. [PMID: 38043344 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of neutral ionophore based ion-selective sensors requires presence of ion-exchanger in the receptor phase, silently assuming that it is not only soluble but also dissociates to ions in the applied plasticizer. Although for typically applied ion-selective membrane constituents (plasticizers - ion-exchanger pairs) dissociation of ion-exchangers to ions is proven by theoretical (or close to) performance of resulting sensors, search for alternative plasticizers or ion-exchangers requires a method allowing estimation of the match of properties of involved compounds. In this work we propose a simple optical approach allowing estimation of ion-exchanger interactions with plasticizer. The results were confirmed by conductivity studies of model plasticizers solutions. The estimated dissociation constants of model ion-exchangers in plasticizers used are in excellent agreement with the results of optical studies. It was shown that solubility coupled with poor dissociation to ions of ion-exchanger affects performance of the resulting ion-selective membrane. Rational choice of properties of ion-exchanger and plasticizer allows finding a perfect match of the two, that results in improvements in performance of sensors (e.g. detection limits). As model sensors potassium and sodium ion-selective electrodes with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based membranes, plasticized with classical plasticizer bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate) or biodegradable alternative acetyl tributyl citrate, were prepared and studied using selected ion-exchangers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Stelmach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Wagner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Maksymiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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3
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Dong XIN, Spindler BD, Kim M, Stein A, Bühlmann P. Spontaneous Mesoporosity-Driven Sequestration of Ionic Liquids from Silicone-Based Reference Electrode Membranes. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1774-1781. [PMID: 37043696 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore-driven sequestration of ionic liquids from a silicone membrane is presented, a phenomenon that has not been reported previously. Reference electrodes with ionic liquid doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) reference membranes and colloid-imprinted mesoporous carbon (CIM) as solid contact are not functional unless special attention is paid to the porosity of the solid contact. In the fabrication of such reference electrodes, a solution of a hydroxyl-terminated silicone oligomer, ionic liquid, cross-linking reagent, and polymerization catalyst is deposited on top of the carbon layer, rapidly filling the pores of the CIM carbon. The catalyzed polymerization curing of the silicone quickly results in cross-linking of the hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane oligomers, forming structures that are too large to penetrate the CIM carbon pores. Therefore, as solvent evaporation from the top of freshly prepared membranes drives the diffusional transport of solvent toward that membrane surface, the solvent molecules that leave the CIM carbon pores can only be replaced by the ionic liquid. This depletes the ionic liquid in the reference membrane that overlies the CIM carbon solid contact and increases the membrane resistance by up to 3 orders of magnitude, rendering the devices dysfunctional. This problem can be avoided by presaturating the CIM carbon with ionic liquid prior to the deposition of the solution that contains the silicone oligomers and ionic liquid. Alternatively, a high amount of ionic liquid can be added into the membrane solution to account for the size-selective sequestration of ionic liquid into the carbon pores. Either way, a wide variety of ionic liquids can be used to prepare PDMS-based reference electrodes with CIM carbon as a solid contact. A similar depletion of the K+ ionophore BME-44 from ion-selective silicone membranes was observed too, highlighting that the depletion of active ingredients from polymeric ion-selective and reference membranes due to interactions with high surface area solid contacts may be a more common phenomenon that so far has been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin I N Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Brian D Spindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Minog Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Liu Y, Wang X, Zeng X, Waterhouse GIN, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Yu L. Antifouling improvement in Pb 2+ ion selective electrodes by using an environmentally friendly capsaicin derivative. Talanta 2023; 258:124436. [PMID: 36940573 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling is a critical issue for ion selective electrodes (ISE) in complex aqueous systems, seriously compromising the analytical performance of the electrodes (i.e., stability, sensitivity, and lifetime). Herein, an antifouling solid lead ion selective electrode (GC/PANI-PFOA/Pb2+-PISM) was successfully prepared by adding propyl 2-(acrylamidomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoate (PAMTB), an environmentally friendly capsaicin derivative, into the ion-selective membrane (ISM). The presence of PAMTB caused no loss in the detection performance of GC/PANI-PFOA/Pb2+-PISM (e.g., detection limit (1.9 × 10-7 M), response slope (28.5 ± 0.8 mV/decade), the response time (20 s), stability (8.6 ± 2.9 μV/s), selectivity and no water layer), whilst imparting an excellent antifouling effect with an antibacterial rate of 98.1% when the content of PAMTB in the ISM was 2.5 wt%. Further, GC/PANI-PFOA/Pb2+-PISM maintained stable antifouling properties, excellent potential response, and stability even after soaking in a high-concentration bacterial suspension for 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xianghua Zeng
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266100, China
| | | | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266100, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China.
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266100, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China.
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Membrane-Based Electrochemical Detection of Uranium: A Review. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of uranium in environmental samples has always been a crucial environmental issue due to its adverse impacts on human life. Electrochemical detection is one of the most suitable methods for directly determining uranium because of its portable instrument and quick response characteristics. The ion-selective membrane in the working electrodes is selectively responsible for uranium transport and separation. This mini-review provides a general overview of the membrane-based ion-selective electrodes in detecting uranium ions reported in the literature. The ion-selective membranes are classified according to their ionophore categories. Furthermore, the limits and outlook are also discussed to provide a reference for further developing membrane-based electrochemical uranium sensors.
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Wang C, Qi L, Liang R, Qin W. Multifunctional Molecularly Imprinted Receptor-Based Polymeric Membrane Potentiometric Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7795-7803. [PMID: 35593704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based polymeric membrane potentiometric sensors have become an attractive tool for detection of organic species. However, the MIP receptors in potentiometric sensors developed so far are usually prepared by only using single functional monomers. This may lead to low affinities of the MIP receptors due to the lack of diversity of the functional groups, thus resulting in low detection sensitivity of the potentiometric sensors. Additionally, these classical MIP receptors are nonconductive polymers, which are undesirable for the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor. Herein, we describe a novel multifunctional MIP receptor-based potentiometric sensor. The multifunctional MIP receptor is prepared by using two functional monomers, methacrylic acid, and 3-vinylaniline with a dual functionality of both recognition and conduction properties. The poly(aniline) groups are introduced into the methacrylic acid-based MIP by postoxidation of the aniline monomer. Such poly(aniline) groups not only serve as the additional functional groups for selective recognition, but also work as a conducting polymer. The obtained multifunctional MIP receptor shows a high binding capacity and an excellent electron-transfer ability. By using bisphenol A as a model, the proposed multifunctional MIP sensor exhibits a largely improved sensitivity and low noise levels compared to the conventional MIP sensor. We believe that the proposed MIP-based sensing strategy provides a general and facile way to fabricate sensitive and selective MIP-based electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China.,Yantai Centre for Promotion of Science and Technology Innovation, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbin Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
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7
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Qi L, Liang R, Jiang T, Qin W. Anti-fouling polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Lin Z, Liang R, Qin W. Towards potentiometric detection in nonaqueous media: Evaluation of the impacts of organic solvents on polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes. Talanta 2022; 241:123238. [PMID: 35092918 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been widely used in various fields including clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and industrial analysis. Although most samples of analytical interest measured by the ISEs are aqueous solutions, the applications of these electrodes in nonaqueous media are often inevitable. Unfortunately, so far, little has been known about the extent to which the properties of the ISEs could be affected by the organic solvents. Herein, the feasibility for the applications of the polymeric membrane ISEs in nonaqueous media has been investigated. A polymeric membrane Ca2+-ISE is chosen as a model of potentiometric sensors. Four typical water miscible organic solvents (three protic solvents: ethanol, acetic acid, and methanol, and one aprotic dipolar solvent: acetonitrile) are used as the representative examples. Experiments show that the aprotic solvent acetonitrile has the strongest destructive ability towards the sensing performance of the ISE in terms of Nernstian slope and selectivity coefficient. Moreover, the effect on the sensing performance depends on the kind of the protic solvent, the immersion time and the polarity of the membrane plasticizer. We believe that the obtained results could promote further applications of the polymeric membrane ISEs in the organic solvent-containing samples, which could significantly extend the application scope of the ISEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Rongning Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Shandong, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China.
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9
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Jaworska E, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Ion-selective membrane plasticizer leakage in all-solid-state electrodes – an unobvious way to improve potential reading stability in time. Analyst 2022; 147:3298-3304. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of leakage of the plasticizer from the ion-selective membrane into the ion-to-electron transducer of all-solid-state potentiometric sensors is considered for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaworska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Maksymiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Stelmach E, Nazaruk E, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Cubosome Based Ion-Selective Optodes-Toward Tunable Biocompatible Sensors. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13106-13111. [PMID: 34546044 PMCID: PMC8495674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here on a new generation of optical ion-selective sensors benefiting from cubosomes or hexosomes-nanostructural lipid liquid phase. Cubosome as well as hexosome optodes offer biocompatibility, self-assembly preparation, high stability in solution, and unique, tunable analytical performance. The temperature trigger reversibly changes the lipid nanoparticle internal structure-changing analyte access to the bulk of the probe and ultimately affecting the response pattern. Thus, cubosome or hexosome optodes are highly promising alternatives to conventional polymeric based optical nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Stelmach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Nazaruk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Maksymiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Wang C, Qi L, Liang R. A molecularly imprinted polymer-based potentiometric sensor based on covalent recognition for the determination of dopamine. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:620-625. [PMID: 33480897 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02100h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric membrane potentiometric sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been successfully designed for the detection of organic compounds both in ionic and neutral forms. However, most of these sensors are based on the non-covalent recognition interactions between the functional groups of the MIP in the polymeric sensing membrane and the target. These weak non-covalent interactions are unfavorable for the detection of hydrophilic organic compounds (e.g., dopamine). Herein novel MIP potentiometric sensor based covalent recognition for the determination of protonated dopamine is described. Uniform-sized boronate-based MIP beads are utilized as the recognition receptors. These receptors can covalently bind with dopamine with a cis-diol group to form a five-membered cyclic ester and thus provide a higher affinity because of the stronger nature of the covalent bonds. It has been found that the proposed electrode shows an excellent sensitivity towards dopamine with a detection limit of 2.1 μM, which could satisfy the needs for in vivo analysis of dopamine in the brain of living animals. We believe that the covalent recognition MIP-based sensing strategy provides an appealing way to design MIP-based electrochemical and optical sensors with excellent sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- Yantai Center of Shandong Integrated Technology Transfer Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
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12
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Kalinichev AV, Pokhvishcheva NV, Peshkova MA. Influence of Electrolyte Coextraction on the Response of Indicator-Based Cation-Selective Optodes. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3558-3567. [PMID: 33074653 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on systematic investigation of the impact of coextraction of the aqueous electrolyte and anion interference on the response of cation-selective bulk optodes. It is evident that to deliberately manage the properties of chemical sensors and to apply them in routine analysis, one should have exhaustive insight into their operation mechanism. Despite the extensive research in the field of ionophore-based optodes and numerous attempts for their practical application, the understanding of how coextraction of an aqueous electrolyte influences its response characteristics has not been developed thus far. Meanwhile, the electrolyte coextraction determines the detection limits of analogous ion-selective electrodes. A theoretical model based on phase distribution equilibrium is proposed to quantitatively describe the effect of Donnan exclusion failure on the response of polymeric plasticized optodes. The theoretical conclusions are confirmed by the results obtained with Na+/pH-selective optodes based on a neutral chromoionophore as a model system in solutions containing anions of various lipophilicities (Cl-, NO3-, I-, SCN-, and ClO4-). For the first time, it is shown that coextraction leads to a significant shift of the response range of the optodes as well as to nonmonotonic response curves due to the transition from cationic to anionic response. An approach to estimate the coextraction constants of electrolytes from the optode response curves is proposed. The limitations in the applicability of optodes due to co-ion interference are explored. It is found that neglecting anion interference can cause dramatic errors in the results of analyses with optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Kalinichev
- Chemistry Institute, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskiy prospect, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Pokhvishcheva
- Chemistry Institute, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskiy prospect, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria A. Peshkova
- Chemistry Institute, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskiy prospect, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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13
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Liu K, Song Y, Song D, Liang R. Plasticizer-free polymer membrane potentiometric sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers for determination of neutral phenols. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1121:50-56. [PMID: 32493589 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric membrane potentiometric sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as the receptors have been successfully developed for detection of organic and biological species. However, it should be noted that all of the polymeric membrane matrices of these sensors developed so far are the plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes, which are usually suffered from undesired plasticizer leaching. Hence, for the first time, we describe a novel plasticizer-free MIP-based potentiometric sensor. A new copolymer, methyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (MMA-2-EHA), is synthesized and used as the sensing membrane matrix. By using neutral bisphenol A (BPA) as a model, the proposed plasticizer-free MIP sensor shows an excellent sensitivity and a good selectivity with a detection limit of 32 nM. Additionally, the proposed MMA-2-EHA-based MIP membrane exhibits lower cytotoxicity, higher hydrophobicity and better MIP dispersion ability compared to the classical plasticized PVC-based MIP sensing membrane. We believed that the new copolymer membrane-based MIP sensor can provide an appealing substitute for the traditional PVC membrane sensor in the development of polymeric membrane-based electrochemical and optical MIP sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Yuehai Song
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Dean Song
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China.
| | - Rongning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China.
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14
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Chen XV, Stein A, Bühlmann P. Reference Electrodes Based on Ionic Liquid-Doped Reference Membranes with Biocompatible Silicone Matrixes. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1717-1725. [PMID: 32366104 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many reference electrodes with an ionic liquid-doped reference membrane contain a plasticizer that can gradually leach out into the sample. However, because many common plasticizers are known to be endocrine disruptors and may induce inflammatory reactions, they are preferably avoided for wearable or implantable sensors. Therefore, this work tested polymeric reference electrode membranes prepared by solvent casting from seven commercially available biocompatible silicones that are widely used in implantable devices. Only reference electrodes with membranes consisting of poly(3,3,3-trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) (Fluorosilicone 1) and one of several 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids provided a stable and sample-independent potential in electrolyte solutions spanning the range of electrolyte concentrations in human blood, with more hydrophobic ionic liquids performing better. Over 8 days at 37 °C in artificial blood electrolyte solutions, the reference membranes doped with 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide exhibited a potential drift as low as 20 μV/h. In 10% animal serum, a 112 μV/h drift was observed over 5.8 days. The other six silicone materials doped with an ionic liquid either failed to form self-standing membranes or did not provide a sample-independent potential in the ionic concentration range tested. In case of the functional reference electrodes, differential scanning calorimetry confirmed good miscibility between the ionic liquid and the polymer matrix, whereas the poor miscibility of four polymer matrixes and the ionic liquids-as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry-correlated with an undesirable sample dependence of the reference potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin V. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Shao Y, Ying Y, Ping J. Recent advances in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes: functional materials, transduction mechanisms, and development trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4405-4465. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the design and applications of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Shao
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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16
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Stable Pb2+ ion-selective electrodes based on polyaniline-TiO2 solid contacts. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1094:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Kisiel A, Kałuża D, Paterczyk B, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Quantifying plasticizer leakage from ion-selective membranes – a nanosponge approach. Analyst 2020; 145:2966-2974. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02621e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous process of release of plasticizers from membranes typically used in ion-selective sensors is an effect which limits the lifetime of sensors and comes with a risk of safety hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kisiel
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Dawid Kałuża
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Bohdan Paterczyk
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Warsaw
- 02-096 Warsaw
- Poland
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18
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Cánovas R, Padrell Sánchez S, Parrilla M, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Cytotoxicity Study of Ionophore-Based Membranes: Toward On-Body and in Vivo Ion Sensing. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2524-2535. [PMID: 31448593 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the most complete study to date comprising in vitro cytotoxicity tests of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) in terms of cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion assays with human dermal fibroblasts. ISMs were prepared with different types of plasticizers and ionophores to be tested in combination with assays that focus on the medium-term and long-term leaching of compounds. Furthermore, the ISMs were prepared in different configurations considering (i) inner-filling solution-type electrodes, (ii) all-solid-state electrodes based on a conventional drop-cast of the membrane, (iii) peeling after the preparation of a wearable sensor, and (iv) detachment from a microneedle-based sensor, thus covering a wide range of membrane shapes. One of the aims of this study, other than the demonstration of the biocompatibility of various ISMs and materials tested herein, is to create an awareness in the scientific community surrounding the need to perform biocompatibility assays during the very first steps of any sensor development with an intended biomedical application. This will foster meeting the requirements for subsequent on-body application of the sensor and avoiding further problems during massive validations toward the final in vivo use and commercialization of such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Cánovas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Padrell Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Parrilla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gastón A. Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Mabrouk M, Rajendran R, Soliman IE, Ashour MM, Beherei HH, Tohamy KM, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N, Arthanareeswaran G, Das DB. Nanoparticle- and Nanoporous-Membrane-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E294. [PMID: 31234394 PMCID: PMC6631283 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical particulates and membranes possess promising prospects for delivering drugs and bioactive molecules with the potential to improve drug delivery strategies like sustained and controlled release. For example, inorganic-based nanoparticles such as silica-, titanium-, zirconia-, calcium-, and carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions smaller than 100 nm have been extensively developed for biomedical applications. Furthermore, inorganic nanoparticles possess magnetic, optical, and electrical properties, which make them suitable for various therapeutic applications including targeting, diagnosis, and drug delivery. Their properties may also be tuned by controlling different parameters, e.g., particle size, shape, surface functionalization, and interactions among them. In a similar fashion, membranes have several functions which are useful in sensing, sorting, imaging, separating, and releasing bioactive or drug molecules. Engineered membranes have been developed for their usage in controlled drug delivery devices. The latest advancement in the technology is therefore made possible to regulate the physico-chemical properties of the membrane pores, which enables the control of drug delivery. The current review aims to highlight the role of both pharmaceutical particulates and membranes over the last fifteen years based on their preparation method, size, shape, surface functionalization, and drug delivery potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrirst)-Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Rajakumari Rajendran
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
| | - Islam E Soliman
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | | | - Hanan H Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrirst)-Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Khairy M Tohamy
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
| | | | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK.
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20
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Alizadeh T, Nayeri S, Mirzaee S. A high performance potentiometric sensor for lactic acid determination based on molecularly imprinted polymer/MWCNTs/PVC nanocomposite film covered carbon rod electrode. Talanta 2019; 192:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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22
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Pięk M, Fendrych K, Smajdor J, Piech R, Paczosa-Bator B. High selective potentiometric sensor for determination of nanomolar con-centration of Cu(II) using a polymeric electrode modified by a graphene/7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles. Talanta 2017; 170:41-48. [PMID: 28501189 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present several possibilities for modification of the all-solid-state copper(II)-selective electrodes in order to obtain high stability and selectivity potentiometric sensor signal. The copper(II)-selective electrodes were modified in a simple way by introducing solid contact layer based on graphene or graphene oxide, 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane or its copper salt. Each of electrodes shown a Nernstian response, wide linear range of Cu2+ concentration and a low detection limit. Nevertheless, some differences between the groups of electrodes have been noticed and resulted from application of intermediate layers of various compositions. The electrode modified with graphene and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanocomposite exhibited the best potential reproducibility and detection limit. Moreover, prepared sensors were characterized by an improved selectivity for copper(II) in relation to non-modified electrodes. The developed electrodes were successfully used for the Cu2+ determination in different samples and results were comparable with those obtained using voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pięk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Fendrych
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Smajdor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Robert Piech
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Beata Paczosa-Bator
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland.
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23
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A solid-contact Pb 2+ - selective electrode based on electrospun polyaniline microfibers film as ion-to-electron transducer. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Bieg C, Fuchsberger K, Stelzle M. Introduction to polymer-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes—basic concepts, practical considerations, and current research topics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:45-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Pawlak M, Bakker E. Chemical Modification of Polymer Ion-Selective Membrane Electrode Surfaces. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Zahran EM, New A, Gavalas V, Bachas LG. Polymeric plasticizer extends the lifetime of PVC-membrane ion-selective electrodes. Analyst 2014; 139:757-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01963b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Omran NH, El Nashar RM, Aboul-Enein HY. Dissolution Testing and Potentiometric Assay of Sertraline Hydrochloride in Batch and FIA Conditions. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.520397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Musa AE, del Campo FJ, Abramova N, Alonso-Lomillo MA, Domínguez-Renedo O, Arcos-Martínez MJ, Brivio M, Snakenborg D, Geschke O, Kutter JP. Disposable Miniaturized Screen-Printed pH and Reference Electrodes for Potentiometric Systems. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Nanoporous membranes for medical and biological applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 1:568-81. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Sundfors F, Lindfors T, Höfler L, Bereczki R, Gyurcsányi RE. FTIR-ATR Study of Water Uptake and Diffusion through Ion-Selective Membranes Based on Poly(acrylates) and Silicone Rubber. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5925-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900727w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Sundfors
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Lajos Höfler
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bereczki
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
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31
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Onuki Y, Bhardwaj U, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. A review of the biocompatibility of implantable devices: current challenges to overcome foreign body response. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2008; 2:1003-15. [PMID: 19885290 PMCID: PMC2769826 DOI: 10.1177/193229680800200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a variety of devices (drug-eluting stents, artificial organs, biosensors, catheters, scaffolds for tissue engineering, heart valves, etc.) have been developed for implantation into patients. However, when such devices are implanted into the body, the body can react to these in a number of different ways. These reactions can result in an unexpected risk for patients. Therefore, it is important to assess and optimize the biocompatibility of implantable devices. To date, numerous strategies have been investigated to overcome body reactions induced by the implantation of devices. This review focuses on the foreign body response and the approaches that have been taken to overcome this. The biological response following device implantation and the methods for biocompatibility evaluation are summarized. Then the risks of implantable devices and the challenges to overcome these problems are introduced. Specifically, the challenges used to overcome the functional loss of glucose sensors, restenosis after stent implantation, and calcification induced by implantable devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Onuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Upkar Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | | | - Diane J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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32
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Lindner E, Gyurcsányi RE. Quality control criteria for solid-contact, solvent polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Faridbod F, Ganjali MR, Dinarvand R, Norouzi P, Riahi S. Schiff's Bases and Crown Ethers as Supramolecular Sensing Materials in the Construction of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:1645-1703. [PMID: 27879786 PMCID: PMC3663017 DOI: 10.3390/s8031645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Ionophore incorporated PVC membrane sensors are well-established analyticaltools routinely used for the selective and direct measurement of a wide variety of differentions in complex biological and environmental samples. Potentiometric sensors have someoutstanding advantages including simple design and operation, wide linear dynamic range,relatively fast response and rational selectivity. The vital component of such plasticizedPVC members is the ionophore involved, defining the selectivity of the electrodes' complexformation. Molecular recognition causes the formation of many different supramolecules.Different types of supramolecules, like calixarenes, cyclodextrins and podands, have beenused as a sensing material in the construction of ion selective sensors. Schiff's bases andcrown ethers, which feature prominently in supramolecular chemistry, can be used assensing materials in the construction of potentiometric ion selective electrodes. Up to now,more than 200 potentiometric membrane sensors for cations and anions based on Schiff's bases and crown ethers have been reported. In this review cation binding and anioncomplexes will be described. Liquid membrane sensors based on Schiff's bases and crownethers will then be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Centre, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Riahi
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Iran
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34
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Performance evaluation criteria for preparation and measurement of macro- and microfabricated ion-selective electrodes (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200880010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, IUPAC published several documents with the goal of achieving standardized nomenclature and methodology for potentiometric ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). The ISE vocabulary was formulated, measurement protocols were suggested, and the selectivity coefficients were compiled. However, in light of new discoveries and experimental possibilities in the field of ISEs, some of the IUPAC recommendations have become outdated. The goal of this technical report is to direct attention to ISE practices and the striking need for updated or refined IUPAC recommendations which are consistent with the state of the art of using macro- and microfabricated planar microelectrodes. Some of these ISE practices have never been addressed by IUPAC but have gained importance with the technological and theoretical developments of recent years. In spite of its recognized importance, a generally acceptable revision of the current IUPAC recommendations is far beyond the scope of this work.
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Abdel-Ghani NT, El Nashar RM, Hamed SM. Flow-injection potentiometric determination of clobutinol hydrochloride in pure state and pharmaceutical preparations. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934807100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Peng LB, Heng LY, Hasbullah SA, Ahmad M. A solid-state pH transducer fabricated from a self-plasticized methacrylic-acrylic membrane for potentiometric acetylcholine chloride biosensor. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934807090146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Flow-injection potentiometric and conductometric determination of papaverine hydrochloride in the parent substance and a related pharmaceutical preparation. Pharm Chem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-007-0098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Koschwanez HE, Reichert WM. In vitro, in vivo and post explantation testing of glucose-detecting biosensors: current methods and recommendations. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3687-703. [PMID: 17524479 PMCID: PMC1987311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To date, there have been a number of cases where glucose sensors have performed well over long periods of implantation; however, it remains difficult to predict whether a given sensor will perform reliably, will exhibit gradual degradation of performance, or will fail outright soon after implantation. Typically, the literature emphasizes the sensor that performed well, while only briefly (if at all) mentioning the failed devices. This leaves open the question of whether current sensor designs are adequate for the hostile in vivo environment, and whether these sensors have been assessed by the proper regimen of testing protocols. This paper reviews the current in vitro and in vivo testing procedures used to evaluate the functionality and biocompatibility of implantable glucose sensors. An overview of the standards and regulatory bodies that govern biomaterials and end product device testing precedes a discussion of up-to-date invasive and non-invasive technologies for diabetes management. Analysis of current in vitro, in vivo, and then post explantation testing is presented. Given the underlying assumption that the success of the sensor in vitro foreshadows the long-term reliability of the sensor in the human body, the relative merits of these testing methods are evaluated with respect to how representative they are of human models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Monty Reichert
- * Corresponding Author W. Monty Reichert, Ph.D, Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, (919) 660 5151, (919) 684-4488, (fax)
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Abdel-Ghani N, Issa Y, Shoukry A, Ahmed H. Flow injection analysis with tubular membrane ion-selective electrode and coated wires for buspirone hydrochloride. ANNALI DI CHIMICA 2007; 97:97-107. [PMID: 17822267 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200690090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
New Plastic membrane ion-selective electrode for buspirone hydrochloride based on buspironium tetraphenylborate was prepared. The electrode exhibited mean slope of calibration graph of 58.4 mV per decade of BusCl concentration at 25 degrees C. The electrode can be used within the concentration range 6.3 x 10(-5) - 10(-2) M BusCl at a pH range of 2.5-7.0. The standard electrode potentials were determined at different temperatures and used to calculate the isothermal temperature coefficient of the electrode, amounting to 0.00056 V degrees C(-1). The electrode showed a very good selectivity for BusCl with respect to a number of inorganic cations, sugars and amino acids. The electrode was applied to the potentiometric determination of the buspirone ion and its pharmaceutical preparation under batch and flow injection conditions. Also, buspirone was determined by conductimetric titrations. Graphite rod, copper and silver coated wire electrodes were prepared and characterized as sensors for the drug under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Abdel-Ghani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Abstract
A potentiometric sol-gel derived (xerogel) pH sensor based on covalently attached amine groups is described. The sensor consists of a Ag/AgCl electrode coated with a hybrid aminosilane/alkylsilane xerogel film. Various combinations of aminosilanes and alkylsilanes are evaluated for their potentiometric response to pH. The optimal sensor design is composed of (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane. This sensor exhibits near-Nerstian response (-55 mV.decade(-)(1)), responds rapidly (< or =3 s) to changes in pH, and has H(+) selectivity coefficients (log K(pot)(H)()+ (, )(j)()) of -13 and -11 for interfering j cations Na(+) and K(+), respectively. In vitro platelet adhesion tests indicate that the xerogel coatings are more blood compatible than conventional poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(urethane) ion-selective electrode coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Marxer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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Bereczki R, Gyurcsányi RE, Agai B, Tóth K. Synthesis and characterization of covalently immobilized bis-crown ether based potassium ionophore. Analyst 2005; 130:63-70. [PMID: 15614355 DOI: 10.1039/b410410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel covalently immobilized crown ether based potassium ionophore is presented. Apart from previously proposed methods for the preparation of PVC linked ionophores based on the chemical modification of functionalized PVC polymers, the hereby proposed procedure involves the direct copolymerization of a suitable derivative of the bis-crown ether type potassium ionophore (BME 44) and vinyl chloride monomer. The analytical performance of the potentiometric ion selective electrodes incorporating the PVC bound ionophore were optimized and determined. Compared with electrodes based on other bis-crown ether type immobilized potassium selective ionophores a slightly improved logK(K, Na)(Pot) and a longer lifetime was found. Spectral imaging and chronoamperometry were used to study the mobility of different bis-crown ether derivatives in plasticized PVC membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Bereczki
- Research Group for Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellert ter 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
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Sutter J, Radu A, Peper S, Bakker E, Pretsch E. Solid-contact polymeric membrane electrodes with detection limits in the subnanomolar range. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cho CA, Park SM. Comparative Studies on Ammonium Ion Selective Electrodes Using Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Polyurethane as Substrate Matrix Materials. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2004. [DOI: 10.5229/jkes.2004.7.3.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shin JH, Marxer SM, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric Oxide-Releasing Sol−Gel Particle/Polyurethane Glucose Biosensors. Anal Chem 2004; 76:4543-9. [PMID: 15283600 DOI: 10.1021/ac049776z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid sol-gel/polyurethane glucose biosensor that releases nitric oxide is developed and characterized. The biosensor consists of a platinum electrode coated with four polymeric membranes including the following: (1) sol-gel with immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx); (2) polyurethane to protect the enzyme; (3) NO donor-modified sol-gel particle-doped polyurethane; and (4) polyurethane. This configuration was developed due to the drastic reduction in sensitivity observed for NO donor-modified sol-gel film-based glucose sensors. For the hybrid sol-gel/polyurethane biosensor, sol-gel particles are first modified with the NO donor and then incorporated into a polyurethane layer that is coated onto the preimmobilized GOx electrode. In this manner, the GOx layer is not exposed to the harsh conditions necessary to impart NO release ability to the biosensor, and only a minimal decrease in sensitivity due to the NO release is observed. The glucose response of the NO-releasing glucose biosensor and its NO generation profiles are reported. In addition, the stability of the sol-gel particles in the supporting polyurethane membrane is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Clarke ML, Wang J, Chen Z. Sum Frequency Generation Studies on the Surface Structures of Plasticized and Unplasticized Polyurethane in Air and in Water. Anal Chem 2003; 75:3275-80. [PMID: 14570173 DOI: 10.1021/ac034417+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study characterizes the molecular surface structures of polyurethane (PU) and plasticized PU films in air, in water, and in albumin solution in situ using a nonlinear optical technique, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. Two different plasticizers are investigated: dioctyl sebacate (DOS) and o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE). Plasticization of PU is common for biosensors to achieve better adhesion, malleability, elasticity, and permeability; however, this can adversely affect biocompatibility. Our research indicates that plasticizers can segregate to the PU surface not only in air but also in water. In addition, plasticizer content can affect protein adsorption behaviors of PU surfaces. This is the first time surface-sensitive SFG has been applied to deduce plasticizer surface behavior in situ. More specifically, we found that DOS dominates the surface of the film with DOS surface concentrations higher than DOS bulk concentrations both in air and in contact with an aqueous environment. NPOE has a reduced effect at the surface compared to DOS in both air and aqueous environments. Addition of either DOS or NPOE to PU was also found to cause a change in albumin adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Influence of Methacrylic-Acrylic Copolymer Composition on Plasticiser-free Optode Films for pH Sensors. SENSORS 2003. [DOI: 10.3390/s30400083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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A Hydrogen Ion-Selective Sensor Based on Non-Plasticised Methacrylic-acrylic Membranes. SENSORS 2002. [DOI: 10.3390/s20800339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Gyurcsányi RE, Lindner E. Spectroscopic method for the determination of the ionic site concentration in solvent polymeric membranes and membrane plasticizers. Anal Chem 2002; 74:4060-8. [PMID: 12199575 DOI: 10.1021/ac020120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The built-in site density of either fixed sites or mobile hydrophobic ion sites determines whether a membrane is permselective for cations or anions of the sample. The molar ratio of the ionophore to the intrinsic or added ionic sites in an ion-selective membrane significantly influences the potentiometric response of ionophore-based electrodes. Consequently, full knowledge of the "site inventory" in an ion-selective membrane maybe essential when new, uncharacterized polymers or plasticizers are implemented for ion-selective electrode fabrication. A simple spectroscopic method was developed for the fast and accurate determination of the ionic site concentration (covalently attached functionalized groups or impurities) in plasticized polymeric membranes and membrane plasticizers. The method is based on the determination of the degree of protonation of hydrogen ion-selective chromoionophores incorporated into these membranes or dissolved in the membrane plasticizers. In electroneutral membranes, the concentration of the positively charged, protonated ionophore and the total concentration of negative sites are equal. The method was applied for the determination of ionic sites (both positively and negatively charged) in PVC materials (different purity grade, and bearing various functional groups), polyurethanes (aliphatic, aromatic, and polycarbonate-based), and selected Fluka plasticizers (2-nitrophenyl octyl ether and 2-ethylhexyl sebacate). The technique proved to be appropriate for fast quantification of ionic impurities in hydrophobic, optically transparent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Gyurcsányi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Tennessee 38152-6582, USA
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Berrocal MJ, Johnson RD, Badr IHA, Liu M, Gao D, Bachas LG. Improving the blood compatibility of ion-selective electrodes by employing poly(MPC-co-BMA), a copolymer containing phosphorylcholine, as a membrane coating. Anal Chem 2002; 74:3644-8. [PMID: 12175148 DOI: 10.1021/ac025604v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogelpoly(2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine-co-butyl methacrylate), or poly(MPC-co-BMA), was used as a coating for polyurethane- and poly(vinyl chloride)-based membranes to develop ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with enhanced blood compatibility. Adverse interactions of poly(MPC-co-BMA) with blood were diminished due to the phosphorylcholine functionalities of the hydrogel, which mimic the phospholipid polar groups present on the surface of many cell membranes. As demonstrated by immunostaining, hydrogel-coated PVC membranes soaked in platelet-rich plasma showed less adhesion and activation of platelets than uncoated PVC membranes, indicating an improvement in biocompatibility owing to the hydrogel. Furthermore, little differences in the potentiometric response characteristics, e.g., slope, detection limit, and selectivity, of ISEs employing uncoated and coated membranes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Berrocal
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0055, USA
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Ion-sensor property and blood compatibility of neutral-carrier-type poly(vinyl chloride) membranes coated by phosphorylcholine polymers. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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