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Chen Y, Li Y, Zhu W, Liu Q. Biomimetic gradient scaffolds for the tissue engineering and regeneration of rotator cuff enthesis. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032005. [PMID: 38697099 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad467d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, which often results in recurrent shoulder pain and limited movement. Enthesis is a structurally complex and functionally critical interface connecting tendon and bone that plays an essential role in maintaining integrity of the shoulder joint. Despite the availability of advanced surgical procedures for rotator cuff repair, there is a high rate of failure following surgery due to suboptimal enthesis healing and regeneration. Novel strategies based on tissue engineering are gaining popularity in improving tendon-bone interface (TBI) regeneration. Through incorporating physical and biochemical cues into scaffold design which mimics the structure and composition of native enthesis is advantageous to guide specific differentiation of seeding cells and facilitate the formation of functional tissues. In this review, we summarize the current state of research in enthesis tissue engineering highlighting the development and application of biomimetic scaffolds that replicate the gradient TBI. We also discuss the latest techniques for fabricating potential translatable scaffolds such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidic device. While preclinical studies have demonstrated encouraging results of biomimetic gradient scaffolds, the translation of these findings into clinical applications necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their safety and long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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2
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Sytu MRC, Cho DH, Hahm JI. Self-Assembled Block Copolymers as a Facile Pathway to Create Functional Nanobiosensor and Nanobiomaterial Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1267. [PMID: 38732737 PMCID: PMC11085100 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) surfaces permit an exquisite level of nanoscale control in biomolecular assemblies solely based on self-assembly. Owing to this, BCP-based biomolecular assembly represents a much-needed, new paradigm for creating nanobiosensors and nanobiomaterials without the need for costly and time-consuming fabrication steps. Research endeavors in the BCP nanobiotechnology field have led to stimulating results that can promote our current understanding of biomolecular interactions at a solid interface to the never-explored size regimes comparable to individual biomolecules. Encouraging research outcomes have also been reported for the stability and activity of biomolecules bound on BCP thin film surfaces. A wide range of single and multicomponent biomolecules and BCP systems has been assessed to substantiate the potential utility in practical applications as next-generation nanobiosensors, nanobiodevices, and biomaterials. To this end, this Review highlights pioneering research efforts made in the BCP nanobiotechnology area. The discussions will be focused on those works particularly pertaining to nanoscale surface assembly of functional biomolecules, biomolecular interaction properties unique to nanoscale polymer interfaces, functionality of nanoscale surface-bound biomolecules, and specific examples in biosensing. Systems involving the incorporation of biomolecules as one of the blocks in BCPs, i.e., DNA-BCP hybrids, protein-BCP conjugates, and isolated BCP micelles of bioligand carriers used in drug delivery, are outside of the scope of this Review. Looking ahead, there awaits plenty of exciting research opportunities to advance the research field of BCP nanobiotechnology by capitalizing on the fundamental groundwork laid so far for the biomolecular interactions on BCP surfaces. In order to better guide the path forward, key fundamental questions yet to be addressed by the field are identified. In addition, future research directions of BCP nanobiotechnology are contemplated in the concluding section of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ryan C. Sytu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - David H. Cho
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jong-in Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, USA
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3
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Yonesi M, Garcia-Nieto M, Guinea GV, Panetsos F, Pérez-Rigueiro J, González-Nieto D. Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:429. [PMID: 33806846 PMCID: PMC8004633 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk refers to a family of natural fibers spun by several species of invertebrates such as spiders and silkworms. In particular, silkworm silk, the silk spun by Bombyx mori larvae, has been primarily used in the textile industry and in clinical settings as a main component of sutures for tissue repairing and wound ligation. The biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical performance, controllable degradation, and the possibility of producing silk-based materials in several formats, have laid the basic principles that have triggered and extended the use of this material in regenerative medicine. The field of neural soft tissue engineering is not an exception, as it has taken advantage of the properties of silk to promote neuronal growth and nerve guidance. In addition, silk has notable intrinsic properties and the by-products derived from its degradation show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Finally, this material can be employed for the controlled release of factors and drugs, as well as for the encapsulation and implantation of exogenous stem and progenitor cells with therapeutic capacity. In this article, we review the state of the art on manufacturing methodologies and properties of fiber-based and non-fiber-based formats, as well as the application of silk-based biomaterials to neuroprotect and regenerate the damaged nervous system. We review previous studies that strategically have used silk to enhance therapeutics dealing with highly prevalent central and peripheral disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and peripheral trauma. Finally, we discuss previous research focused on the modification of this biomaterial, through biofunctionalization techniques and/or the creation of novel composite formulations, that aim to transform silk, beyond its natural performance, into more efficient silk-based-polymers towards the clinical arena of neuroprotection and regeneration in nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Yonesi
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (M.Y.); (G.V.G.)
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (M.Y.); (G.V.G.)
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group, Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (M.Y.); (G.V.G.)
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (M.Y.); (G.V.G.)
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Reis RL, Ramakrishna S, Kundu SC. Functionalized silk fibroin nanofibers as drug carriers: Advantages and challenges. J Control Release 2020; 321:324-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Jeon H, Yun S, Choi E, Kang D, Park KH, Kim D, Jin S, Shim JH, Yun WS, Park J. Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in PCL/silanated silica composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Motta CMM, Endres KJ, Wesdemiotis C, Willits RK, Becker ML. Enhancing Schwann cell migration using concentration gradients of laminin-derived peptides. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119335. [PMID: 31302351 PMCID: PMC6868524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroregeneration following peripheral nerve injury is largely mediated by Schwann cells (SC), the principal glial cell that supports neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Axonal regeneration in vivo is limited by the extent of SC migration into the gap between the proximal and distal nerve, however, little is known regarding the principal driving forces for SC migration. Engineered microenvironments, such as molecular and protein gradients, play a role in the migration of many cell types, including cancer cells and fibroblasts. However, haptotactic strategies have not been applied widely to SC. Herein, a series of tethered laminin-derived peptides were analyzed for their influence on SC adhesion, proliferation, and alignment. Concentration gradient substrates were fabricated using a controlled vapor deposition method, followed by covalent peptide attachment via a thiol-ene reaction, and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and MALDI-MS imaging. While tethered RGD peptides supported SC adhesion and proliferation, concentration gradients of RGD had little influence on biased SC directional migration. In contrast, YIGSR promoted less SC attachment than RGD, yet YIGSR peptide gradients directed migration with a strong bias to the concentration profile. With YIGSR peptide, overall speed increased with the steepness of the peptide concentration profile. YIGSR gradients had no haptotactic effect on rat dermal fibroblast migration, in contrast to fibroblast migration on RGD gradients. The response of SC to these tethered peptide gradients will guide the development of translationally relevant constructs designed to facilitate endogenous SC infiltration into defects for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M M Motta
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States
| | - Kevin J Endres
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States
| | - Rebecca K Willits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States.
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States; Department of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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7
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Awada HK, Hwang MP, Wang Y. Towards comprehensive cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction: Aspects to consider and proteins to deliver. Biomaterials 2016; 82:94-112. [PMID: 26757257 PMCID: PMC4872516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. After the onset of myocardial infarction, many pathological changes take place and progress the disease towards heart failure. Pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, ventricular remodeling and dilation, and interstitial fibrosis, develop and involve the signaling of many proteins. Proteins can play important roles in limiting or countering pathological changes after infarction. However, they typically have short half-lives in vivo in their free form and can benefit from the advantages offered by controlled release systems to overcome their challenges. The controlled delivery of an optimal combination of proteins per their physiologic spatiotemporal cues to the infarcted myocardium holds great potential to repair and regenerate the heart. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions depends on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the cargo proteins and the spatiotemporal control of their release. It is likely that multiple proteins will provide a more comprehensive and functional recovery of the heart in a controlled release strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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8
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Wettstein P, Priest C, Al-Bataineh SA, Short RD, Bryant PM, Bradley JW, Low SP, Parkinson L, Szili EJ. Surface protein gradients generated in sealed microchannels using spatially varying helium microplasma. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:014124. [PMID: 25759757 PMCID: PMC4336250 DOI: 10.1063/1.4913367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spatially varied surface treatment of a fluorescently labeled Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein, on the walls of a closed (sealed) microchannel is achieved via a well-defined gradient in plasma intensity. The microchips comprised a microchannel positioned in-between two microelectrodes (embedded in the chip) with a variable electrode separation along the length of the channel. The channel and electrodes were 50 μm and 100 μm wide, respectively, 50 μm deep, and adjacent to the channel for a length of 18 mm. The electrode separation distance was varied linearly from 50 μm at one end of the channel to a maximum distance of 150, 300, 500, or 1000 μm to generate a gradient in helium plasma intensity. Plasma ignition was achieved at a helium flow rate of 2.5 ml/min, 8.5 kVpk-pk, and 10 kHz. It is shown that the plasma intensity decreases with increasing electrode separation and is directly related to the residual amount of BSA left after the treatment. The plasma intensity and surface protein gradient, for the different electrode gradients studied, collapse onto master curves when plotted against electrode separation. This precise spatial control is expected to enable the surface protein gradient to be tuned for a range of applications, including high-throughput screening and cell-biomolecule-biomaterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Wettstein
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Craig Priest
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Sameer A Al-Bataineh
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Robert D Short
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Paul M Bryant
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool , Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - James W Bradley
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool , Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Suet P Low
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Luke Parkinson
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Endre J Szili
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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9
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Dinis TM, Elia R, Vidal G, Auffret A, Kaplan DL, Egles C. Method to form a fiber/growth factor dual-gradient along electrospun silk for nerve regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16817-16826. [PMID: 25203247 DOI: 10.1021/am504159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentration gradients of guidance molecules influence cell behavior and growth in biological tissues and are therefore of interest for the design of biomedical scaffolds for regenerative medicine. We developed an electrospining method to generate a dual-gradient of bioactive molecules and fiber density along electrospun nanofibers without any post spinning treatment. Functionalization with fluorescent molecules demonstrated the efficiency of the method to generate a discontinuous concentration gradient along the aligned fibers. As a proof of concept for tissue engineering, the silk nanofibers were functionalized with increasing concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF) and the biological activity was assessed and quantified with rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultures. Protein assays showed the absence of passive release of NGF from the functionalized fibers. The results demonstrated that the NGF concentration gradient led to an oriented and increased growth of DRG neurons (417.6 ± 55.7 μm) compared to a single uniform NGF concentration (264.5 ± 37.6 μm). The easy-to-use electrospinning technique combined with the multiple molecules that can be used for fiber functionalization makes this technique versatile for a broad range of applications from biosensors to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony M Dinis
- CNRS UMR 7338: BioMécanique et BioIngénierie Centre de recherche, Université de Technologie de Compiègne , BP 20529 Rue Personne de Roberval, 60205 Compiègne, France
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10
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Custódio CA, Reis RL, Mano JF. Engineering biomolecular microenvironments for cell instructive biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:797-810. [PMID: 24464880 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cell instructive microenvironments with the ability to stimulate specific cellular responses are a topic of high interest in the fabrication and development of biomaterials for application in tissue engineering. Cells are inherently sensitive to the in vivo microenvironment that is often designed as the cell "niche." The cell "niche" comprising the extracellular matrix and adjacent cells, influences not only cell architecture and mechanics, but also cell polarity and function. Extensive research has been performed to establish new tools to fabricate biomimetic advanced materials for tissue engineering that incorporate structural, mechanical, and biochemical signals that interact with cells in a controlled manner and to recapitulate the in vivo dynamic microenvironment. Bioactive tunable microenvironments using micro and nanofabrication have been successfully developed and proven to be extremely powerful to control intracellular signaling and cell function. This Review is focused in the assortment of biochemical signals that have been explored to fabricate bioactive cell microenvironments and the main technologies and chemical strategies to encode them in engineered biomaterials with biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A. Custódio
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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11
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Jeon O, Alt DS, Linderman SW, Alsberg E. Biochemical and physical signal gradients in hydrogels to control stem cell behavior. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6366-72. [PMID: 23983019 PMCID: PMC3863582 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) gradients of biochemical and physical signals in macroscale degradable hydrogels are engineered that can regulate photoencapsulated human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior. This simple, cytocompatible, and versatile gradient system may be a valuable tool for researchers in biomaterials science to control stem cell fate in 3D and guide tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106 (USA)
| | - Daniel S. Alt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106 (USA)
| | | | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106 (USA)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106 (USA)
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12
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Ricoult SG, Pla-Roca M, Safavieh R, Lopez-Ayon GM, Grütter P, Kennedy TE, Juncker D. Large dynamic range digital nanodot gradients of biomolecules made by low-cost nanocontact printing for cell haptotaxis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3308-3313. [PMID: 23606620 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel method is introduced for ultrahigh throughput and ultralow cost patterning of biomolecules with nanometer resolution and novel 2D digital nanodot gradients (DNGs) with mathematically defined slopes are created. The technique is based on lift-off nanocontact printing while using high-resolution photopolymer stamps that are rapidly produced at a low cost through double replication from Si originals. Printed patterns with 100 nm features are shown. DNGs with varying spacing between the dots and a record dynamic range of 4400 are produced; 64 unique DNGs, each with hundreds of thousands of dots, are inked and printed in 5.5 min. The adhesive response and haptotaxis of C2C12 myoblast cells on DNGs demonstrated their biofunctionality. The great flexibility in pattern design, the massive parallel ability, the ultra low cost, and the extreme ease of polymer lift-off nanocontact printing will facilitate its use for various biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien G Ricoult
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G1, Canada, Fax: (+)1 (514) 398 1790; Webpage: http://wikisites.mcgill.ca/djgroup/; Department of Neuroscience, McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G1, Canada
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13
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Proteolytically activated anti-bacterial hydrogel microspheres. J Control Release 2013; 171:288-95. [PMID: 23816641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are finding increased clinical utility as advances continue to exploit their favorable material properties. Hydrogels can be adapted for many applications, including surface coatings and drug delivery. Anti-infectious surfaces and delivery systems that actively destroy invading organisms are alternative ways to exploit the favorable material properties offered by hydrogels. Sterilization techniques are commonly employed to ensure the materials are non-infectious upon placement, but sterilization is not absolute and infections are still expected. Natural, anti-bacterial proteins have been discovered which have the potential to act as anti-infectious agents; however, the proteins are toxic and need localized release to have therapeutic efficacy without toxicity. In these studies, we explore the use of the glutathione s-transferase (GST) to anchor the bactericidal peptide, melittin, to the surface of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel microspheres. We show that therapeutic levels of protein can be anchored to the surface of the microspheres using the GST anchor. We compared the therapeutic efficacy of recombinant melittin released from PEGDA microspheres to melittin. We found that, when released by an activating enzyme, thrombin, recombinant melittin efficiently inhibits growth of the pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes as effectively as melittin created by solid phase peptide synthesis. We conclude that a GST protein anchor can be used to immobilize functional protein to PEGDA microspheres and the protein will remain immobilized under physiological conditions until the protein is enzymatically released.
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Inoue S, Iida Y, Otani Y, Hirano Y, Tabata Y. Adhesion Behavior of Human Adipo-Stromal Cells on Self-Assembled Monolayers with Different Surface Densities or Gradients of RGD Peptide. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:495-510. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x416502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Inoue
- a Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iida
- b Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Otani
- c Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hirano
- d Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- e Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Oliveira AL, Sun L, Kim HJ, Hu X, Rice W, Kluge J, Reis RL, Kaplan DL. Aligned silk-based 3-D architectures for contact guidance in tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1530-42. [PMID: 22202909 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An important challenge in the biomaterials field is to mimic the structure of functional tissues via cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) alignment and anisotropy. Toward this goal, silk-based scaffolds resembling bone lamellar structure were developed using a freeze-drying technique. The structure could be controlled directly by solute concentration and freezing parameters, resulting in lamellar scaffolds with regular morphology. Different post-treatments, such as methanol, water annealing and steam sterilization, were investigated to induce water stability. The resulting structures exhibited significant differences in terms of morphological integrity, structure and mechanical properties. The lamellar thicknesses were ∼2.6 μm for the methanol-treated scaffolds and ∼5.8 μm for water-annealed. These values are in the range of those reported for human lamellar bone. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were seeded on these silk fibroin lamellar scaffolds and grown under osteogenic conditions to assess the effect of the microstructure on cell behavior. Collagen in the newly deposited ECM was found aligned along the lamellar architectures. In the case of methanol-treated lamellar structures, the hMSC were able to migrate into the interior of the scaffolds, producing a multilamellar hybrid construct. The present morphology constitutes a useful pattern onto which hMSC cells attach and proliferate for guided formation of a highly oriented extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Desai ES, Tang MY, Ross AE, Gemeinhart RA. Critical factors affecting cell encapsulation in superporous hydrogels. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:024108. [PMID: 22455976 PMCID: PMC3358450 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/2/024108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that superporous hydrogel (SPH) scaffolds promote long-term stem cell viability and cell driven mineralization when cells were seeded within the pores of pre-fabricated SPH scaffolds. The possibility of cell encapsulation within the SPH matrix during its fabrication was further explored in this study. The impact of each chemical component used in SPH fabrication and each step of the fabrication process on cell viability was systematically examined. Ammonium persulfate, an initiator, and sodium bicarbonate, the gas-generating compound, were the two components having significant toxicity toward encapsulated cells at the concentrations necessary for SPH fabrication. Cell survival rates were 55.7% ± 19.3% and 88.8% ± 9.4% after 10 min exposure to ammonium persulfate and sodium bicarbonate solutions, respectively. In addition, solution pH change via the addition of sodium bicarbonate had significant toxicity toward encapsulated cells with cell survival of only 50.3% ± 2.5%. Despite toxicity of chemical components and the SPH fabrication method, cells still exhibited significant overall survival rates within SPHs of 81.2% ± 6.8% and 67.0% ± 0.9%, respectively, 48 and 72 h after encapsulation. This method of cell encapsulation holds promise for use in vitro and in vivo as a scaffold material for both hydrogel matrix encapsulation and cell seeding within the pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha S Desai
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street (MC 865), Chicago, IL 60612-7231
| | - Mary Y Tang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street (MC 865), Chicago, IL 60612-7231
| | - Amy E Ross
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607-7052
| | - Richard A Gemeinhart
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street (MC 865), Chicago, IL 60612-7231
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607-7052
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612-4319
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McCormick AM, Leipzig ND. Neural regenerative strategies incorporating biomolecular axon guidance signals. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:578-97. [PMID: 22218702 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There are currently no acceptable cures for central nervous system injuries, and damage induced large gaps in the peripheral nervous system have been challenging to bridge to restore neural functionality. Innervation by neurons is made possible by the growth cone. This dynamic structure is unique to neurons, and can directly sense physical and chemical activity in its environment, utilizing these cues to propel axons to precisely reach their targets. Guidance can occur through chemoattractive factors such as neurotrophins and netrins, chemorepulsive agents like semaphorins and slits, or contact-mediated molecules such as ephrins and those located in the extracellular matrix. The understanding of biomolecular activity during nervous system development and injury has generated new techniques and tactics for improving and restoring function to the nervous system after injury. This review will focus on the major neuronal guidance molecules and their utility in current tissue engineering and neural regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleesha M McCormick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA
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18
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Du F, Wang H, Zhao W, Li D, Kong D, Yang J, Zhang Y. Gradient nanofibrous chitosan/poly ɛ-caprolactone scaffolds as extracellular microenvironments for vascular tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2012; 33:762-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Turturro MV, Papavasiliou G. Generation of mechanical and biofunctional gradients in PEG diacrylate hydrogels by perfusion-based frontal photopolymerization. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:917-39. [PMID: 21477459 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x566450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The spatial presentation of soluble growth factors, immobilized extracellular matrix molecules, as well as matrix rigidity, plays an important role in directed and guided cell migration. Synthetic hydrogel scaffolds offer the ability to systematically introduce gradients of these factors contributing to our understanding of how the 3D arrangement of biochemical and mechanical cues influence cell behavior. Using a novel photopolymerization technique, perfusion-based frontal photopolymerization (PBFP), we have engineered poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel scaffolds with gradients of mechanical properties and immobilized biofunctionality. The controlled delivery of a buoyant photoinitiator, eosin Y, through a glass frit filter results in the formation and subsequent propagation of a polymer reaction front that is self-sustained and able to propagate through the monomeric mixture. Propagation of this front results in monomer depletion, leading to variations in cross-linking, as well as spatial gradients of elastic modulus and immobilized concentrations of the YRGDS cell adhesion ligand within PEGDA hydrogels. Furthermore, the magnitudes of the resulting gradients are controlled through alterations in polymerization conditions. Preliminary in vitro cell-culture studies demonstrate that the gradients generated stimulate directed 2D cell growth on the surface of PEGDA hydrogels. By day 14, fibroblast aggregates spread roughly twice as far in the direction parallel to the slope of the gradient as compared to the perpendicular direction. The presented technique has great potential in controlling gradients of mechanical properties and immobilized biofunctionality for directing and guiding 3D cell behavior within tissue-engineered scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Turturro
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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20
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Wilkinson AE, McCormick AM, Leipzig ND. Central Nervous System Tissue Engineering: Current Considerations and Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2200/s00390ed1v01y201111tis008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Creating growth factor gradients in three dimensional porous matrix by centrifugation and surface immobilization. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8254-60. [PMID: 21798593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Pluronic F127 cylindrical scaffolds with gradually increasing growth factor concentrations were fabricated by the centrifugation of fibril-like PCLs and the subsequent fibril surface immobilization of growth factors. The cylindrical scaffolds exhibited gradually increasing surface areas along the longitudinal direction [from 3.17 ± 0.05 m(2)/g (top position) to 5.42 ± 0.01 m(2)/g (bottom position)]. The growth factors (BMP-7, TGF-β(2) and VEGF(165)) as model bioactive molecules were immobilized onto the fibril surfaces of the scaffolds via heparin binding to produce scaffolds with gradually increasing concentrations of growth factors from the top position (BMP-7, 60.89 ± 2.51; TGF-β(2), 42.85 ± 2.00; VEGF(165), 42.52 ± 3.22 ng/scaffold section) to the bottom position (BMP-7, 181.07 ± 3.21; TGF-β(2), 142.08 ± 2.91; VEGF(165), 112.00 ± 4.00 ng/scaffold section). The released amount of growth factor (VEGF(165)) from the cylindrical scaffold gradually decreased along the longitudinal direction in a sustained manner for up to 35 days, which can allow for a minutely controlled spatial distribution of growth factors in a 3D environment. The 3D porous scaffold with a concentration gradient of growth factors may become a useful tool for basic studies, including in vitro investigations of 3D chemotaxis/haptotaxis for the control of specific biological process. It may also be used as a tissue engineering scaffolding system for a variety of tissues/organs requiring the spatial regulation of growth factors for effective regeneration.
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Wheeldon I, Farhadi A, Bick AG, Jabbari E, Khademhosseini A. Nanoscale tissue engineering: spatial control over cell-materials interactions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:212001. [PMID: 21451238 PMCID: PMC3155808 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/21/212001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cells interact with the surrounding environment by making tens to hundreds of thousands of nanoscale interactions with extracellular signals and features. The goal of nanoscale tissue engineering is to harness these interactions through nanoscale biomaterials engineering in order to study and direct cellular behavior. Here, we review two- and three-dimensional (2- and 3D) nanoscale tissue engineering technologies, and provide a holistic overview of the field. Techniques that can control the average spacing and clustering of cell adhesion ligands are well established and have been highly successful in describing cell adhesion and migration in 2D. Extension of these engineering tools to 3D biomaterials has created many new hydrogel and nanofiber scaffold technologies that are being used to design in vitro experiments with more physiologically relevant conditions. Researchers are beginning to study complex cell functions in 3D. However, there is a need for biomaterials systems that provide fine control over the nanoscale presentation of bioactive ligands in 3D. Additionally, there is a need for 2- and 3D techniques that can control the nanoscale presentation of multiple bioactive ligands and that can control the temporal changes in the cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wheeldon
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arash Farhadi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Alexander G. Bick
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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23
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Simon CG, Lin-Gibson S. Combinatorial and high-throughput screening of biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:369-387. [PMID: 20839249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial and high-throughput methods have been increasingly used to accelerate research and development of new biomaterials. These methods involve creating miniaturized libraries that contain many specimens in one sample in the form of gradients or arrays, followed by automated data collection and analysis. This article reviews recent advances in utilizing combinatorial and high-throughput methods to better understand cell-material interactions, particularly highlighting our efforts at the NIST Polymers Division. Specifically, fabrication techniques to generate controlled surfaces (2D) and 3D cell environments (tissue engineering scaffolds) as well as methods to characterize and analyze material properties and cell-material interactions are described. In conclusion, additional opportunities for combinatorial methods for biomaterials research are noted, including streamlined sample fabrication and characterization, appropriate and automated bioassays, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Simon
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 29899, USA
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24
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Alvarez-Barreto JF, Landy B, VanGordon S, Place L, DeAngelis PL, Sikavitsas VI. Enhanced osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells seeded in RGD-functionalized PLLA scaffolds and cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 5:464-75. [DOI: 10.1002/term.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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26
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Guarnieri D, De Capua A, Ventre M, Borzacchiello A, Pedone C, Marasco D, Ruvo M, Netti PA. Covalently immobilized RGD gradient on PEG hydrogel scaffold influences cell migration parameters. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2532-9. [PMID: 20051270 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of a controlled spatial distribution of biological cues on cell activities can be useful to design "cell instructive" materials, able to control and guide the formation of engineered tissues in vivo and in vitro. To this purpose, biochemical and mechanical properties of the resulting biomaterial must be carefully designed and controlled. In this work, the effect of covalently immobilized RGD peptide gradients on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels on cell behaviour was studied. We set up a mechanical device generating gradients based on a fluidic chamber. Cell response to RGD gradients with different slope (0.7, 1 and 2 mM cm(-1)) was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by evaluating cell adhesion and, in particular, cell migration, compared to cells seeded on hydrogels with uniform distribution of RGD peptides. To evaluate the influence of RGD gradient and to exclude any concentration effect on cell response, all analyses were carried out in a specific region of the gradients which displayed the same average concentration of RGD (1.5 mM). Results suggest that cells recognize the RGD gradient and adhere onto it assuming a stretched shape. Moreover, cells tend to migrate in the direction of the gradient, as their speed is higher than that of cells migrating on hydrogels with a uniform distribution of RGD and increases by increasing RGD gradient steepness. This increment is due to an augmentation of bias speed component of the mean squared speed, that is, the drift of the cell population migrating on the anisotropic surface provided by the RGD gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guarnieri
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Naples, Italy
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27
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Johnson C, Perlin L, Wyman P, Zhao B, Fullwood NJ, MacNeil S, Rimmer S. Cell Adhesion to Polymethacrylate Networks Prepared by Photopolymerization and Functionalized with GRGDS Peptide or Fibrinogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Cai Y, Yun YH, Zhang Newby BM. Generation of contact-printing based poly(ethylene glycol) gradient surfaces with micrometer-sized steps. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 75:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Sarvestani AS. Cell adhesion on ligand gradient substrates: A thermodynamic study. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 105:172-83. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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31
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Lühmann T, Hänseler P, Grant B, Hall H. The induction of cell alignment by covalently immobilized gradients of the 6th Ig-like domain of cell adhesion molecule L1 in 3D-fibrin matrices. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4503-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Cell Guidance by 3D-Gradients in Hydrogel Matrices: Importance for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5445751 DOI: 10.3390/ma2031058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Concentration gradients of soluble and matrix-bound guidance cues in the extracellular matrix direct cell growth in native tissues and are of great interest for design of biomedical scaffolds and on implant surfaces. The focus of this review is to demonstrate the importance of gradient guidance for cells as it would be desirable to direct cell growth onto/into biomedical devices. Many studies have been described that illustrate the production and characterization of surface gradients, but three dimensional (3D)-gradients that direct cellular behavior are not well investigated. Hydrogels are considered as synthetic replacements for native extracellular matrices as they share key functions such as 2D- or 3D-solid support, fibrous structure, gas- and nutrition permeability and allow storage and release of biologically active molecules. Therefore this review focuses on current studies that try to implement soluble or covalently-attached gradients of growth factors, cytokines or adhesion sequences into 3D-hydrogel matrices in order to control cell growth, orientation and migration towards a target. Such gradient architectures are especially desirable for wound healing purposes, where defined cell populations need to be recruited from the blood stream and out of the adjacent tissue, in critical bone defects, for vascular implants or neuronal guidance structures where defined cell populations should be guided by appropriate signals to reach their proper positions or target tissues in order to accomplish functional repair.
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33
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Wells N, Baxter MA, Turnbull JE, Murray P, Edgar D, Parry KL, Steele DA, Short RD. The geometric control of E14 and R1 mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency by plasma polymer surface chemical gradients. Biomaterials 2009; 30:1066-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Singh M, Berkland C, Detamore MS. Strategies and applications for incorporating physical and chemical signal gradients in tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2008; 14:341-66. [PMID: 18803499 PMCID: PMC2737593 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
From embryonic development to wound repair, concentration gradients of bioactive signaling molecules guide tissue formation and regeneration. Moreover, gradients in cellular and extracellular architecture as well as in mechanical properties are readily apparent in native tissues. Perhaps tissue engineers can take a cue from nature in attempting to regenerate tissues by incorporating gradients into engineering design strategies. Indeed, gradient-based approaches are an emerging trend in tissue engineering, standing in contrast to traditional approaches of homogeneous delivery of cells and/or growth factors using isotropic scaffolds. Gradients in tissue engineering lie at the intersection of three major paradigms in the field-biomimetic, interfacial, and functional tissue engineering-by combining physical (via biomaterial design) and chemical (with growth/differentiation factors and cell adhesion molecules) signal delivery to achieve a continuous transition in both structure and function. This review consolidates several key methodologies to generate gradients, some of which have never been employed in a tissue engineering application, and discusses strategies for incorporating these methods into tissue engineering and implant design. A key finding of this review was that two-dimensional physicochemical gradient substrates, which serve as excellent high-throughput screening tools for optimizing desired biomaterial properties, can be enhanced in the future by transitioning from two dimensions to three dimensions, which would enable studies of cell-protein-biomaterial interactions in a more native tissue-like environment. In addition, biomimetic tissue regeneration via combined delivery of graded physical and chemical signals appears to be a promising strategy for the regeneration of heterogeneous tissues and tissue interfaces. In the future, in vivo applications will shed more light on the performance of gradient-based mechanical integrity and signal delivery strategies compared to traditional tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Singh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Michael S. Detamore
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
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35
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Peret BJ, Murphy WL. Controllable Soluble Protein Concentration Gradients in Hydrogel Networks. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2008; 18:3410-3417. [PMID: 20622935 PMCID: PMC2900850 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200800218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we report controlled formation of sustained, soluble protein concentration gradients within hydrated polymer networks. The approach involves spatially localizing proteins or biodegradable, protein-loaded microspheres within hydrogels to form a protein-releasing "depot". Soluble protein concentration gradients are then formed as the released protein diffuses away from the localized source. Control over key gradient parameters, including maximum concentration, gradient magnitude, slope, and time dynamics, is achieved by controlling the release of protein from the depot and subsequent transport through the hydrogel. Results demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of protein released from the depot and the source concentration, gradient magnitude, and slope of the concentration gradient. In addition, an inverse relationship exists between the diffusion coefficient of protein within the hydrogel and the slope of the concentration gradient. The time dynamics of the concentration gradient profile can be directly correlated to protein release from the localized source, providing a mechanism for temporally controlling gradient characteristics. Therefore, each key, biologically relevant parameter associated with the protein concentration gradient can be controlled by defining protein release and diffusion. We anticipate that the resulting materials may be useful in three-dimensional cell culture systems, and in emerging tissue engineering approaches that aim to regenerate complex, functional tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William L. Murphy
- Prof. W. L Murphy, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (U.S.A.),
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36
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Liu JC, Tirrell DA. Cell response to RGD density in cross-linked artificial extracellular matrix protein films. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2984-8. [PMID: 18826275 DOI: 10.1021/bm800469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the adhesion, spreading, and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells on cross-linked films of artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) proteins. The aECM proteins described here were designed for application in small-diameter grafts and are composed of elastin-like structural repeats and fibronectin cell-binding domains. aECM-RGD contains the RGD sequence derived from fibronectin; the negative control protein aECM-RDG contains a scrambled cell-binding domain. The covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to aECM substrates reduced nonspecific cell adhesion to aECM-RDG-PEG but did not preclude sequence-specific adhesion of endothelial cells to aECM-RGD-PEG. Variation in ligand density was accomplished by the mixing of aECM-RGD-PEG and aECM-RDG-PEG prior to cross-linking. Increasing the density of RGD domains in cross-linked films resulted in more robust cell adhesion and spreading but did not affect cell migration speed. Control of cell-binding domain density in aECM proteins can thus be used to modulate cell adhesion and spreading and will serve as an important design tool as these materials are further developed for use in surgery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Joseph J. Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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37
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Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Aydin D, Hirschfeld-Warneken VC, Spatz JP. Cell adhesion and response to synthetic nanopatterned environments by steering receptor clustering and spatial location. HFSP JOURNAL 2008; 2:276-85. [PMID: 19404439 DOI: 10.2976/1.2976662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During adhesion and spreading, cells form micrometer-sized structures comprising transmembrane and intracellular protein clusters, giving rise to the formation of what is known as focal adhesions. Over the past two decades these structures have been extensively studied to elucidate their organization, assembly, and molecular composition, as well as to determine their functional role. Synthetic materials decorated with biological molecules, such as adhesive peptides, are widely used to induce specific cellular responses dependent on cell adhesion. Here, we focus on how surface patterning of such bioactive materials and organization at the nanoscale level has proven to be a useful strategy for mimicking both physical and chemical cues present in the extracellular space controlling cell adhesion and fate. This strategy for designing synthetic cellular environments makes use of the observation that most cell signaling events are initiated through recruitment and clustering of transmembrane receptors by extracellular-presented signaling molecules. These systems allow for studying protein clustering in cells and characterizing the signaling response induced by, e.g., integrin activation. We review the findings about the regulation of cell adhesion and focal adhesion assembly by micro- and nanopatterns and discuss the possible use of substrate stiffness and patterning in mimicking both physical and chemical cues of the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max-Planck-Institute for Metals Research, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Arnold M, Jakubick VC, Lohmüller T, Heil P, Blümmel J, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, López-García M, Walther P, Kessler H, Geiger B, Spatz JP. Induction of cell polarization and migration by a gradient of nanoscale variations in adhesive ligand spacing. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2063-9. [PMID: 18558788 PMCID: PMC3811077 DOI: 10.1021/nl801483w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell interactions with adhesive surfaces play a vital role in the regulation of cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation, and affect multiple biological processes. Since cell adhesion depends mainly on the nature and density of the adhesive ligand molecules, spatial molecular patterning, which enables the modulation of adhesion receptor clustering, might affect both the structural and the signaling activities of the adhesive interaction. We herein show that cells plated on surfaces that present a molecularly defined spacing gradient of an integrin RGD ligand can sense small but consistent differences in adhesive ligand spacing of about 1 nm across the cell diameter, which is approximately 61 mum when the spacing includes 70 nm. Consequently, these positional cues induce cell polarization and initiate cell migration and signaling. We propose that differential positional clustering of the integrin transmembrane receptors is used by cells for exploring and interpreting their environment, at high spatial sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Arnold
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Dept. of New Materials and Biosystems; and University of Heidelberg, Dept. of Biophysical Chemistry, Postal Address: Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vera C. Jakubick
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Dept. of New Materials and Biosystems; and University of Heidelberg, Dept. of Biophysical Chemistry, Postal Address: Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Dept. of New Materials and Biosystems; and University of Heidelberg, Dept. of Biophysical Chemistry, Postal Address: Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick Heil
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Dept. of New Materials and Biosystems; and University of Heidelberg, Dept. of Biophysical Chemistry, Postal Address: Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jacques Blümmel
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Dept. of New Materials and Biosystems; and University of Heidelberg, Dept. of Biophysical Chemistry, Postal Address: Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elisabetta A. Cavalcanti-Adam
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Dept. of New Materials and Biosystems; and University of Heidelberg, Dept. of Biophysical Chemistry, Postal Address: Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mónica López-García
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Technical University of Munich, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- University of Ulm, Central Unit for Electron Microscopy, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Technical University of Munich, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Dept. of New Materials and Biosystems; and University of Heidelberg, Dept. of Biophysical Chemistry, Postal Address: Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Hirschfeld-Warneken VC, Arnold M, Cavalcanti-Adam A, López-García M, Kessler H, Spatz JP. Cell adhesion and polarisation on molecularly defined spacing gradient surfaces of cyclic RGDfK peptide patches. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:743-50. [PMID: 18572273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo cell migration and location are orchestrally guided by soluble and bound chemical gradients. Here, gradients of extracellular matrix molecules are formed synthetically by the combination of a surface nanopatterning technique called block copolymer nanolithography (BCN) and a biofunctionalisation technique. A modified substrate dip-coating process of BCN allows for the formation of precise molecular gradients of cyclic RGDfK peptide patches at interfaces, which are presented to cells for testing cell adhesion and polarisation. Surfaces formed by BCN consist of hexagonally ordered gold dot patterns with a gradient in particle spacing. Each dot serves as a chemical anchor for the binding of cyclic RGDfK peptides, which are specifically recognised by alpha(v)beta(3) integrins. Due to steric hindrance only up to one integrin binds to one functionalised gold dot which forms a peptide patch spacing. We demonstrate how cell morphology, adhesion area, actin and vinculin distribution as well as cell body polarisation are influenced by the peptide patch spacing gradient. As a consequence, these gradients of adhesive ligands induce cell orientation towards smaller particle spacing when the gradient strength is 15nm/mm at least. This implicates that an adherent cell's sensitivity to differentiate between ligand patch spacing is approximately 1nm across the cell body.
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40
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Perlin L, MacNeil S, Rimmer S. Cell adhesive hydrogels synthesised by copolymerisation of arg-protected Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser methacrylate monomers and enzymatic deprotection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5951-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b813392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Simon CG, Stephens JS, Dorsey SM, Becker ML. Fabrication of combinatorial polymer scaffold libraries. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:072207. [PMID: 17672738 DOI: 10.1063/1.2755761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have designed a novel combinatorial research platform to help accelerate tissue engineering research. Combinatorial methods combine many samples into a single specimen to enable accelerated experimentation and discovery. The platform for fabricating combinatorial polymer scaffold libraries can be used to rapidly identify scaffold formulations that maximize tissue formation. Many approaches for screening cell-biomaterial interactions utilize a two-dimensional format such as a film or surface to present test substrates to cells. However, cells in vivo exist in a three-dimensional milieu of extracellular matrix and cells in vitro behave more naturally when cultured in a three-dimensional environment than when cultured on a two-dimensional surface. Thus, we have designed a method for fabricating combinatorial biomaterial libraries where the materials are presented to cells in the form of three-dimensional, porous, salt-leached, polymer scaffolds. Many scaffold variations and compositions can be screened in a single experiment so that optimal scaffold formulations for tissue formation can be rapidly identified. In summary, we have developed a platform technology for fabricating combinatorial polymer scaffold libraries that can be used to screen cell response to materials in a three-dimensional, scaffold format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Simon
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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43
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Alvarez-Barreto JF, Sikavitsas VI. Improved Mesenchymal Stem Cell Seeding on RGD-Modified Poly(L-lactic acid) Scaffolds using Flow Perfusion. Macromol Biosci 2007; 7:579-88. [PMID: 17457938 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) has been widely utilized to increase cell adhesion to three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. However, cell seeding on these scaffolds has only been carried out statically, which yields low cell seeding efficiencies. We have characterized, for the first time, the seeding of rat mesenchymal stem cells on RGD-modified poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) foams using oscillatory flow perfusion. The incorporation of RGD on the PLLA foams improves scaffold cellularity in a dose-dependent manner under oscillatory flow perfusion seeding. When compared to static seeding, oscillatory flow perfusion is the most efficient seeding technique. Cell detachment studies show that cell adhesion is dependent on the applied flow rate, and that cell attachment is strengthened at higher levels of RGD modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Alvarez-Barreto
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Kipper MJ, Kleinman HK, Wang FW. Covalent surface chemistry gradients for presenting bioactive peptides. Anal Biochem 2007; 363:175-84. [PMID: 17339030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The activation of surfaces by covalent attachment of bioactive moieties is an important strategy for improving the performance of biomedical materials. Such techniques have also been used as tools to study cellular responses to particular chemistries of interest. The creation of gradients of covalently bound chemistries is a logical extension of this technique. Gradient surfaces may permit the rapid screening of a large range of concentrations in a single experiment. In addition, the biological response to the gradient itself may provide new information on receptor requirements and cell signaling. The current work describes a rapid and flexible technique for the covalent addition of bioactive peptide gradients to a surface or gel and a simple fluorescence technique for assaying the gradient. In this technique, bioactive peptides with a terminal cysteine are bound via a heterobifunctional coupling agent to primary amine-containing surfaces and gels. A gradient in the coupling agent is created on the surfaces or gels by varying the residence time of the coupling agent across the surface or gel, thereby controlling the extent of reaction. We demonstrate this technique using poly(l-lysine)-coated glass surfaces and fibrin gels. Once the surface or gel has been activated by the addition of the coupling agent gradient, the bioactive peptide is added. Quantitation of the gradient is achieved by measuring the reaction kinetics of the coupling agent with the surface or gel of interest. This can be done either by fluorescently labeling the coupling agent (in the case of surfaces) or by spectrophotometrically detecting the release of pyridine-2-thione, which is produced when the thiol-reactive portion of the coupling agent reacts. By these methods, we can obtain reasonably precise estimates for the peptide gradients without using expensive spectroscopic or radiolabeling techniques. Validation with changes in fibroblast cell migration behavior across a bioactive peptide gradient illustrates preservation of peptide function as well as the usefulness of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Kipper
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Musoke-Zawedde P, Shoichet MS. Anisotropic three-dimensional peptide channels guide neurite outgrowth within a biodegradable hydrogel matrix. Biomed Mater 2006; 1:162-9. [PMID: 18458398 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/1/3/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the neurite guidance potential of concentration gradients of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (GRGDS) oligopeptides immobilized within three-dimensional patterned cylindrical volumes created in a biodegradable nerve guidance matrix. This was achieved using ultraviolet (UV) laser micropatterning of a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel matrix modified with S-2-nitrobenzyl cysteine. Upon exposure to focused laser light, the 2-nitrobenzyl group was cleaved, exposing thiol groups which reacted with maleimide-terminated GRGDS exclusively within these laser-defined volumes. We show that the UV laser micropatterning technique can be used to create GRGDS peptide concentration gradients within the oligopeptide channels and that these channels guide neurite outgrowth from primary neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Musoke-Zawedde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
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Muni NJ, Qian H, Qtaishat NM, Gemeinhart RA, Pepperberg DR. Activation of membrane receptors by neurotransmitter released from temperature-sensitive hydrogels. J Neurosci Methods 2006; 151:97-105. [PMID: 16198001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes the design, construction and testing of a temperature-sensitive N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel device for studying the controlled presentation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to GABA(C) membrane receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Upon temperature lowering, the GABA-loaded hydrogel positioned near the surface of the GABA(C)-expressing oocyte elicits a membrane current response resembling that induced by superfusion of the oocyte with free GABA. The response to cooling is not observed when GABA is omitted from the hydrogel loading solution. In addition, picrotoxin, a known GABA(C) receptor antagonist, inhibits the oocyte membrane current response associated with temperature lowering of GABA-loaded hydrogels. The data indicate that the present system affords a temperature-regulated release of GABA from the hydrogel and a resulting activation of the expressed GABA(C) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj J Muni
- Lions of Illinois Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Parry KL, Shard AG, Short RD, White RG, Whittle JD, Wright A. ARXPS characterisation of plasma polymerised surface chemical gradients. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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Gemeinhart RA, Bare CM, Haasch RT, Gemeinhart EJ. Osteoblast-like cell attachment to and calcification of novel phosphonate-containing polymeric substrates. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 78:433-40. [PMID: 16955553 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to interact natural bone and bone cells with biomaterials and to begin to develop modular tissue engineering scaffolds, substrates containing phosphonate groups were identified to mimic mineral-protein and natural polymer-protein interactions. In this study, we investigated poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) copolymer integration with existing materials as a graft-copolymer surface modification. Phosphonate-containing copolymer-modified surfaces were created and shown to have varying phosphate content within different polymeric surfaces. As the phosphonate content in the monomer feed approached 30% vinyl phosphonic acid, increased osteoblast-like cell adhesion (3- to 8-fold increase in adhesion) and proliferation (2- to 10-fold increase in proliferation rate) was observed. Since surfaces modified with 30% vinyl phosphonic acid in the feed exhibited a maximal cell adhesion and proliferation (9.4 x 10(4) cells/cm(2)/day), it was hypothesized that this copolymer composition was optimal for protein-polymer interactions. Osteoblast-like cells formed confluent layers and were able to differentiate on all surfaces that contained vinyl phosphonic acid. Most importantly, cells interacting with these surfaces were able to significantly mineralize the surface. These results suggest that phosphonate-containing polymers can be used to integrate biomaterials with natural bone and could be used for tissue engineering applications.
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49
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Simon CG, Eidelman N, Kennedy SB, Sehgal A, Khatri CA, Washburn NR. Combinatorial screening of cell proliferation on poly(l-lactic acid)/poly(d,l-lactic acid) blends. Biomaterials 2005; 26:6906-15. [PMID: 15939467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have combined automated fluorescence microscopy with a combinatorial approach for creating polymer blend gradients to yield a rapid screening method for characterizing cell proliferation on polymer blends. A gradient in polymer blend composition of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) was created in the form of a strip-shaped film and was annealed to allow PLLA to crystallize. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to determine the composition in the gradients and atomic force microscopy was used to characterize surface topography. Osteoblasts were cultured on the gradients and proliferation was assessed by automated counting of cells using fluorescence microscopy. Surface roughness varied with composition, was smooth on PDLLA-rich regions and was rough on the PLLA-rich regions. Cell adhesion was similar on all regions of the gradients while proliferation was faster on the smooth, PDLLA-rich end of the gradients than on the rough, PLLA-rich end of the gradients. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a new, combinatorial approach for evaluating cell proliferation on polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Simon
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8545, USA
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50
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Salvay DM, Shea LD. Inductive tissue engineering with protein and DNA-releasing scaffolds. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2005; 2:36-48. [PMID: 16880921 PMCID: PMC2657198 DOI: 10.1039/b514174p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular differentiation, organization, proliferation and apoptosis are determined by a combination of an intrinsic genetic program, matrix/substrate interactions, and extracellular cues received from the local microenvironment. These molecular cues come in the form of soluble (e.g. cytokines) and insoluble (e.g. ECM proteins) factors, as well as signals from surrounding cells that can promote specific cellular processes leading to tissue formation or regeneration. Recent developments in the field of tissue engineering have employed biomaterials to present these cues, providing powerful tools to investigate the cellular processes involved in tissue development, or to devise therapeutic strategies based on cell replacement or tissue regeneration. These inductive scaffolds utilize natural and/or synthetic biomaterials fabricated into three-dimensional structures. This review summarizes the use of scaffolds in the dual role of structural support for cell growth and vehicle for controlled release of tissue inductive factors, or DNA encoding for these factors. The confluence of molecular and cell biology, materials science and engineering provides the tools to create controllable microenvironments that mimic natural developmental processes and direct tissue formation for experimental and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Salvay
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Rd E156 Evanston, IL 60208-3120. E-mail: ; Fax: 847-491-3728; Tel: 847-491-7043
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Rd E156 Evanston, IL 60208-3120. E-mail: ; Fax: 847-491-3728; Tel: 847-491-7043
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd E156 Evanston, IL 60208-3120
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