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Dobrzyńska-Mizera M, Dodda JM, Liu X, Knitter M, Oosterbeek RN, Salinas P, Pozo E, Ferreira AM, Sadiku ER. Engineering of Bioresorbable Polymers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401674. [PMID: 39233521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the recent advances in the development of resorbable polymeric-based biomaterials, their geometrical forms, resorption mechanisms, and their capabilities in various biomedical applications are critically reviewed. A comprehensive discussion of the engineering approaches for the fabrication of polymeric resorbable scaffolds for tissue engineering, drug delivery, surgical, cardiological, aesthetical, dental and cardiovascular applications, are also explained. Furthermore, to understand the internal structures of resorbable scaffolds, representative studies of their evaluation by medical imaging techniques, e.g., cardiac computer tomography, are succinctly highlighted. This approach provides crucial clinical insights which help to improve the materials' suitable and viable characteristics for them to meet the highly restrictive medical requirements. Finally, the aspects of the legal regulations and the associated challenges in translating research into desirable clinical and marketable materials of polymeric-based formulations, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dobrzyńska-Mizera
- Institute of Materials Technology, Polymer Division, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jagan Mohan Dodda
- New Technologies - Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, Pilsen, 30100, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Missouri, 1030 Hill Street, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Monika Knitter
- Institute of Materials Technology, Polymer Division, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Reece N Oosterbeek
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Pablo Salinas
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pozo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marina Ferreira
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Polymer Division & Institute for Nano Engineering Research (INER), Pretoria West Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Safiaghdam H, Baniameri S, Aminianfar H, Mohajeri SF, Dehghan MM, Tayebi L, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H, Khojasteh A. Evaluating osteogenic potential of a 3D-printed bioceramic-based scaffold for critical-sized defect treatment: an in vivo and in vitro investigation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:657-666. [PMID: 38743380 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The integration of precision medicine principles into bone tissue engineering has ignited a wave of research focused on customizing intricate scaffolds through advanced 3D printing techniques. Bioceramics, known for their exceptional biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, have emerged as a promising material in this field. This article aims to evaluate the regenerative capabilities of a composite scaffold composed of 3D-printed gelatin combined with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bioceramics (G/HA/TCP), incorporating human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs). Using 3D powder printing, we created cross-shaped biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with a gelatin layer. The bone-regenerating potential of these scaffolds, along with hDPSCs, was assessed through in vitro analyses and in vivo studies with 60 rats and critical-sized calvarial defects. The assessment included analyzing cellular proliferation, differentiation, and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and concluded with a detailed histological evaluation of bone regeneration. Our study revealed a highly favorable scenario, displaying not only desirable cellular attachment and proliferation on the scaffolds but also a notable enhancement in the ALP activity of hDPSCs, underscoring their pivotal role in bone regeneration. However, the histological examination of calvarial defects at the 12-wk mark yielded a rather modest level of bone regeneration across all experimental groups. The test and cell group exhibited significant bone formation compared to all other groups except the control and cell group. This underscores the complexity of the regenerative process and paves the way for further in-depth investigations aimed at improving the potential of the composite scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaneh Safiaghdam
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Baniameri
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aminianfar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzad Mohajeri
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, 74106, USA
- Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tilton M, Jacobs E, Overdorff R, Astudillo Potes M, Lu L, Manogharan G. Biomechanical behavior of PMMA 3D printed biomimetic scaffolds: Effects of physiologically relevant environment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105612. [PMID: 36509012 PMCID: PMC9845185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional cellular structures with controllable mechanical and morphological properties are of great interest for applications including tissue engineering, energy storage, and aerospace. Additive manufacturing (AM), also referred to as 3D printing, has enabled the potential for fabrication of functional porous scaffolds (i.e., meta-biomaterials) with controlled geometrical, morphological, and mechanical properties. Understanding the biomechanical behavior of 3D printed porous scaffolds under physiologically relevant loading and environmental conditions is crucial in accurately predicting the in vivo performance. This study was aimed to investigate the environmental dependency of the mechanical responses of 3D printed porous scaffolds of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) Class IIa biomaterial that was based on triply periodic minimal surfaces - TPMS (i.e., Primitive and Schoen-IWP). The 3D printed scaffolds (n = 5/study group) were tested under compressive loading in both ambient and fluidic (distilled water with pH = 7.4) environments according to ASTM D1621 standards. Outcomes of this study showed that compressive properties of the developed scaffolds are significantly lower in the fluidic condition than the ambient environment for the same topological and morphological group (p≤0.023). Additionally, compressive properties and flexural stiffness of the studied scaffolds were within the range of trabecular bone's properties, for both topological classes. Relationships between predicted mechanical responses and morphological properties (i.e., porosity) were evaluated for each topological class. Quantitative correlation analysis indicated that mechanical behavior of the developed 3D printed scaffolds can be controlled based on both topology and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tilton
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Erik Jacobs
- Additive Manufacturing and Design Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Maria Astudillo Potes
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Guha Manogharan
- Additive Manufacturing and Design Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Enhanced osteoinductive capacity of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and biphasic ceramic scaffolds by embedding simvastatin. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2693-2701. [PMID: 34694495 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of embedding simvastatin (SIM) on the osteoinductive capacity of PLGA + HA/βTCP scaffolds in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). MATERIALS AND METHODS Scaffolds were produced by PLGA solvent dissolution, addition of HA/βTCP, solvent evaporation, and leaching of sucrose particles to impart porosity. Biphasic ceramic particles (70% HA/30% βTCP) were added to the PLGA in a 1:1 (w:w) ratio. Scaffolds with SIM received 1% (w:w) of this medication. Scaffolds were synthesized in a disc-shape and sterilized by ethylene oxide. The experimental groups were (G1) PLGA + HA/βTCP and (G2) PLGA + HA/βTCP + SIM in non-osteogenic culture medium, while (G3) SHED and (G4) MC3T3-E1 in osteogenic culture medium were the positive control groups. The release profile of SIM from scaffolds was evaluated. DNA quantification assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin and osteonectin proteins, extracellular calcium detection, von Kossa staining, and X-ray microtomography were performed to assess the capacity of scaffolds to induce the osteogenic differentiation of SHED. RESULTS The release profile of SIM followed a non-liner sustained-release rate, reaching about 40% of drug release at day 28. Additionally, G2 promoted the highest osteogenic differentiation of SHED, even when compared to the positive control groups. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the osteoinductive capacity of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and biphasic ceramic scaffolds was expressively enhanced by embedding simvastatin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bone regeneration is still a limiting factor in the success of several approaches to oral and maxillofacial surgeries, though tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells, scaffolds, and osteoinductive mediators might collaborate to this topic.
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Schädli GN, Vetsch JR, Baumann RP, de Leeuw AM, Wehrle E, Rubert M, Müller R. Time-lapsed imaging of nanocomposite scaffolds reveals increased bone formation in dynamic compression bioreactors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:110. [PMID: 33495540 PMCID: PMC7835377 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in bone scaffold development relies on cost-intensive and hardly scalable animal studies. In contrast to in vivo, in vitro studies are often conducted in the absence of dynamic compression. Here, we present an in vitro dynamic compression bioreactor approach to monitor bone formation in scaffolds under cyclic loading. A biopolymer was processed into mechanically competent bone scaffolds that incorporate a high-volume content of ultrasonically treated hydroxyapatite or a mixture with barium titanate nanoparticles. After seeding with human bone marrow stromal cells, time-lapsed imaging of scaffolds in bioreactors revealed increased bone formation in hydroxyapatite scaffolds under cyclic loading. This stimulatory effect was even more pronounced in scaffolds containing a mixture of barium titanate and hydroxyapatite and corroborated by immunohistological staining. Therefore, by combining mechanical loading and time-lapsed imaging, this in vitro bioreactor strategy may potentially accelerate development of engineered bone scaffolds and reduce the use of animals for experimentation. Schädli et al. present a bioreactor system that combines mechanical loading with longitudinal microCT imaging to assess bone mineralization in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold reinforced with nanoparticles. This approach allows rapid and rigorous evaluation of engineered bone scaffolds performance in vitro and might reduce the use of animals for experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Nutal Schädli
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jolanda R Vetsch
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert P Baumann
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke M de Leeuw
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Rubert
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Balendiran V, MacLean K, Mamalis N, Tetz M, Werner L. Localized calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses after posterior segment procedures. J Cataract Refract Surg 2021; 45:1801-1807. [PMID: 31856993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical and laboratory findings in a series of cases of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) opacification after posterior segment procedures. SETTING John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Thirty hydrophilic acrylic IOLs were explanted after various posterior segment procedures (pars plana vitrectomy, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections) because of localized central anterior surface and subsurface optic opacification associated with decreased visual function. Once received by the laboratory in the dry state or in fixative by the explanting surgeons, microscopic, histochemical (alizarin red), and surface analysis (scanning electron microscopy [SEM], energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy [EDS]) evaluations were performed on the IOLs. The surgeons were sent a questionnaire to obtain information pertinent to each case. RESULTS Of the 30 explanted IOLs, 9 hydrophilic acrylic designs from 7 different manufacturers were identified. Gross microscopy and light microscopy showed granular deposits in a dense round pattern of distribution within the margins of the capsulorhexis or pupil on the anterior surface/subsurface of the IOLs. The granules stained positive for calcium with alizarin red. On SEM coupled with EDS, the granular deposits were found to comprise calcium and phosphate. CONCLUSIONS A localized pattern of anterior surface/subsurface calcification was seen on hydrophilic acrylic IOLs from various manufacturers. The calcification resembled the pattern seen on calcified IOLs after anterior segment procedures using intracameral injections of air or gas. This calcification of hydrophilic acrylic IOLs is likely the result of blood-aqueous barrier breakdown from repeated intraocular procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Balendiran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Kyle MacLean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Nick Mamalis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - Liliana Werner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Berlin Eye Research Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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Moldero IL, Chandra A, Cavo M, Mota C, Kapsokalyvas D, Gigli G, Moroni L, Del Mercato LL. Probing the pH Microenvironment of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Cultures on Additive-Manufactured Scaffolds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002258. [PMID: 32656904 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, monitoring the formation of tissue regeneration and its metabolic variations during culture is still a challenge and mostly limited to bulk volumetric assays. Here, a simple method of adding capsules-based optical sensors in cell-seeded 3D scaffolds is presented and the potential of these sensors to monitor the pH changes in space and time during cell growth is demonstrated. It is shown that the pH decreased over time in the 3D scaffolds, with a more prominent decrease at the edges of the scaffolds. Moreover, the pH change is higher in 3D scaffolds compared to monolayered 2D cell cultures. The results suggest that this system, composed by capsules-based optical sensors and 3D scaffolds with predefined geometry and pore architecture network, can be a suitable platform for monitoring pH variations during 3D cell growth and tissue formation. This is particularly relevant for the investigation of 3D cellular microenvironment alterations occurring both during physiological processes, such as tissue regeneration, and pathological processes, such as cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lorenzo Moldero
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Anil Chandra
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Marta Cavo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, UNS 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, via Arnesano, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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Joglekar MM, Ghosh D, Anandan D, Yatham P, Jayant RD, Nambiraj NA, Jaiswal AK. Crosslinking of gum-based composite scaffolds for enhanced strength and stability: A comparative study between sodium trimetaphosphate and glutaraldehyde. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3147-3154. [PMID: 32495470 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is one of the potential fields in the domain of regenerative medicine. Engineered scaffolds are an excellent substitute for the conventional use of bone grafts as they are biocompatible, economic, and provide limitless supply with no risk of disease transmission. Gum-based scaffolds present a good scope for studying tissue-engineering models and analyzing controlled drug delivery. Uniform blending of the gums and the presence of the optimal concentration of appropriate crosslinkers are very crucial for biodegradability nature. Gum-based scaffolds containing gellan gum, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, and hydroxyapatite, cross-linked with either glutaraldehyde (GA) or sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) were fabricated to study the efficiency of crosslinkers and were characterized for degradation profile, swelling capacity, porosity, mechanical strength, morphology, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, and in vitro biocompatibility. Scaffolds crosslinked with STMP exhibited higher degradation rate at Day 21 than scaffolds crosslinked with GA. However, higher compressive strength was obtained for scaffolds cross-linked with STMP signifying that they have a better ability to resist compressive forces. Superior cell viability was observed in STMP-crosslinked scaffolds. In conclusion, STMP serves as a better crosslinker in comparison to GA and can be used in the fabrication of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Makrand Joglekar
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devlina Ghosh
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivyaa Anandan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Puja Yatham
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine (HWCOM), Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - N Arunai Nambiraj
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Müller M, Fisch P, Molnar M, Eggert S, Binelli M, Maniura-Weber K, Zenobi-Wong M. Development and thorough characterization of the processing steps of an ink for 3D printing for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110510. [PMID: 31924006 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Achieving reproducibility in the 3D printing of biomaterials requires a robust polymer synthesis method to reduce batch-to-batch variation as well as methods to assure a thorough characterization throughout the manufacturing process. Particularly biomaterial inks containing large solid fractions such as ceramic particles, often required for bone tissue engineering applications, are prone to inhomogeneity originating from inadequate mixing or particle aggregation which can lead to inconsistent printing results. The production of such an ink for bone tissue engineering consisting of gellan gum methacrylate (GG-MA), hyaluronic acid methacrylate and hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles was therefore optimized in terms of GG-MA synthesis and ink preparation process, and the ink's printability was thoroughly characterized to assure homogeneous and reproducible printing results. A new buffer mediated synthesis method for GG-MA resulted in consistent degrees of substitution which allowed the creation of large 5 g batches. We found that both the new synthesis as well as cryomilling of the polymer components of the ink resulted in a decrease in viscosity from 113 kPa·s to 11.3 kPa·s at a shear rate of 0.1 s-1 but increased ink homogeneity. The ink homogeneity was assessed through thermogravimetric analysis and a newly developed extrusion force measurement setup. The ink displayed strong inter-layer adhesion between two printed ink layers as well as between a layer of ink with and a layer without HAp. The large polymer batch production along with the characterization of the ink during the manufacturing process allows ink production in the gram scale and could be used in applications such as the printing of osteochondral grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Müller
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Fisch
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Molnar
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Eggert
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Binelli
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Mondal S, Pal U. 3D hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone regeneration and local drug delivery applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bagde A, Kuthe A, Quazi S, Gupta V, Jaiswal S, Jyothilal S, Lande N, Nagdeve S. State of the Art Technology for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery. Ing Rech Biomed 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Anandan D, Madhumathi G, Nambiraj NA, Jaiswal AK. Gum based 3D composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 214:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Encarnação IC, Sordi MB, Aragones Á, Müller CMO, Moreira AC, Fernandes CP, Ramos JV, Cordeiro MMR, Fredel MC, Magini RS. Release of simvastatin from scaffolds of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid and biphasic ceramic designed for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2152-2164. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isis C. Encarnação
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), Department of DentistryFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Mariane B. Sordi
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), Department of DentistryFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Águedo Aragones
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), Department of DentistryFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
- Ceramic & Composite Materials Research Laboratories (CERMAT), Department of Mechanical EngineeringFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | | | - Anderson C. Moreira
- Laboratory of Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties (LMPT)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Celso P. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties (LMPT)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Jeferson V. Ramos
- Laboratory of Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties (LMPT)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Mabel M. R. Cordeiro
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), Department of DentistryFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Márcio C. Fredel
- Ceramic & Composite Materials Research Laboratories (CERMAT), Department of Mechanical EngineeringFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Magini
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), Department of DentistryFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
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15
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Alizadeh-Osgouei M, Li Y, Wen C. A comprehensive review of biodegradable synthetic polymer-ceramic composites and their manufacture for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2018; 4:22-36. [PMID: 30533554 PMCID: PMC6258879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of various materials in biomedical procedures has recently experienced rapid growth. One area that is currently receiving significant attention from the scientific community is the treatment of a number of different types of bone-related diseases and disorders by using biodegradable polymer-ceramic composites. Biomaterials, the most common materials used to repair or replace damaged parts of the human body, can be categorized into three major groups: metals, ceramics, and polymers. Composites can be manufactured by combining two or more materials to achieve enhanced biocompatibility and biomechanical properties for specific applications. Biomaterials must display suitable properties for their applications, about strength, durability, and biological influence. Metals and their alloys such as titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt-based alloys have been widely investigated for implant-device applications because of their excellent mechanical properties. However, these materials may also manifest biological issues such as toxicity, poor tissue adhesion and stress shielding effect due to their high elastic modulus. To mitigate these issues, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have been used on metals because their chemical composition is similar to that of bone and teeth. Recently, a wide range of synthetic polymers such as poly (l-lactic acid) and poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) have been studied for different biomedical applications, owing to their promising biocompatibility and biodegradability. This article gives an overview of synthetic polymer-ceramic composites with a particular emphasis on calcium phosphate group and their potential applications in tissue engineering. It is hoped that synthetic polymer-ceramic composites such as PLLA/HA and PCL/HA will provide advantages such as eliminating the stress shielding effect and the consequent need for revision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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16
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Diermann SH, Lu M, Edwards G, Dargusch M, Huang H. In vitro degradation of a unique porous PHBV scaffold manufactured using selective laser sintering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:154-162. [PMID: 30358091 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) scaffolds have shown great promise for bone tissue engineering applications. The investigation of their hydrolytic degradation is thus essential to understand the effect of hydrolysis on the complex biodegradation behavior of PHBV scaffolds. In this study, we investigated the degradation behavior of high molecular weight PHBV scaffolds manufactured using selective laser sintering (SLS) without using predesigned porous architectures. The manufactured scaffolds have high specific surface areas with great water-uptake abilities. After an incubation of 6 weeks in phosphate-buffered saline solution, the structural integrity of the scaffolds was unaffected. However, a significant decrease in molecular weight ranging from 39% to 46% was found. The measured weight loss was negligible, but their compressive modulus and strength both decreased, likely due to water plasticization. These findings suggest that hydrolytic degradation of PHBV by means of bulk degradation was the predominant mechanism, attributed to their excellent water absorptivity. Overall, the PHBV scaffolds manufactured using SLS exhibited adequate mechanical properties and satisfactory structural integrity after incubation. As a result, the scaffolds have great potential as candidates for bone repair in clinical practice. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 154-162, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Diermann
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Mingyuan Lu
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Grant Edwards
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Han Huang
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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17
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Dobos A, Grandhi TSP, Godeshala S, Meldrum DR, Rege K. Parallel fabrication of macroporous scaffolds. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1729-1742. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dobos
- Biomedical Engineering; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
| | | | | | - Deirdre R. Meldrum
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
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18
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Nowicki M, Castro NJ, Rao R, Plesniak M, Zhang LG. Integrating three-dimensional printing and nanotechnology for musculoskeletal regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:382001. [PMID: 28762957 PMCID: PMC5612478 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is advancing steadily, partly due to advancements in rapid prototyping technology. Even with increasing focus, successful complex tissue regeneration of vascularized bone, cartilage and the osteochondral interface remains largely illusive. This review examines current three-dimensional printing techniques and their application towards bone, cartilage and osteochondral regeneration. The importance of, and benefit to, nanomaterial integration is also highlighted with recent published examples. Early-stage successes and challenges of recent studies are discussed, with an outlook to future research in the related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Nowicki
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington DC 20052, United States of America
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19
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Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang M. Cryogenic 3D printing for producing hierarchical porous and rhBMP-2-loaded Ca-P/PLLA nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025031. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa71c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Jiang L, Li Y, Xiong C, Su S, Ding H. Preparation and Properties of Bamboo Fiber/Nano-hydroxyapatite/Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4890-4897. [PMID: 28084718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bamboo fiber was first designed to incorporate into nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic-co-glycolic) to obtain a new composite scaffold of bamboo fiber/nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic-co- glycolic) (BF/n-HA/PLGA) by freeze-drying method. The effect of their components and some factors consisting of different freeze temperatures, concentrations, and pore-forming agents on the porous morphology, porosity, and compressive properties of the scaffold were investigated by scanning electron microscope, modified liquid displacement method, and electromechanical universal testing machine. The results indicated that the 5% BF/30% n-HA/PLGA composite scaffold, prepared with 5% (w/v) high concentration and frozen at -20 °C without pore-forming agent, had the best ideal porous structure and porosity as well as compressive properties, which far exceed those of n-HA/PLGA composite scaffold. In addition, the in vitro simulated body fluids soaking and cell culture experiment showed the addition of BF into the scaffold accelerated the BF/n-HA/PLGA composite scaffolds degradation and exhibited good cytocompatibility, including attachment and proliferation. All the results of the study show that BF has improved the properties of n-HA/PLGA composite scaffolds and BF/n-HA/PLGA might have a great potential for bone tissue engineering scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengdong Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengpei Su
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
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Khoshroo K, Jafarzadeh Kashi TS, Moztarzadeh F, Tahriri M, Jazayeri HE, Tayebi L. Development of 3D PCL microsphere/TiO2 nanotube composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:586-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Baker KC, Maerz T, Saad H, Shaheen P, Kannan RM. In vivo bone formation by and inflammatory response to resorbable polymer-nanoclay constructs. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
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Araujo-Pires AC, Mendes VC, Ferreira-Junior O, Carvalho PSP, Guan L, Davies JE. Investigation of a Novel PLGA/CaP Scaffold in the Healing of Tooth Extraction Sockets to Alveolar Bone Preservation in Humans. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015; 18:559-70. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Araujo-Pires
- School of Dentistry; Stomatology and Oral Surgery Bauru; University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Vanessa Cristina Mendes
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Osny Ferreira-Junior
- School of Dentistry; Stomatology and Oral Surgery Bauru; University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Perri Carvalho
- School of Dentistry; Stomatology and Oral Surgery Bauru; University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
- Surgery and Integrated Clinic; São Paulo State University; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Limin Guan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - John Edward Davies
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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26
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Mas N, Arcos D, Polo L, Aznar E, Sánchez-Salcedo S, Sancenón F, García A, Marcos MD, Baeza A, Vallet-Regí M, Martínez-Máñez R. Towards the Development of Smart 3D "gated scaffolds" for on-command delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4859-4864. [PMID: 25079146 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new approach towards the design of "gated scaffolds" based on the combination of capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with porous biomaterials is reported. Using this approach, a 3D gelatin-based scaffold able to selectively deliver cargo in the presence of an APase enzyme is prepared and tested. This new design opens up the possibility of developing new smart biomaterials with advanced drug-delivery features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mas
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universitat de València-Universitat Politècnica de València and Departamento de Química, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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27
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Fisher PD, Venugopal G, Milbrandt TA, Hilt JZ, Puleo DA. Hydroxyapatite-reinforced in situ forming PLGA systems for intraosseous injection. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2365-73. [PMID: 25424622 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In situ forming poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants have not been strongly considered for bone applications because of their poor mechanical properties. Here, in situ forming scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite micro- and nanoparticles were characterized to determine their mechanical properties, injectability, and microarchitecture. Scaffolds were prepared with various concentrations of hydroxyapatite, as well as poly(β-amino ester) microparticles that facilitate drug delivery. Strength was increased threefold, from 2 to 6 MPa, while compressive modulus was improved sixfold, from 24 to 141 MPa, via the addition of 30% nanohydroxyapatite, which provided greater benefits at equivalent concentrations compared to micro-hydroxyapatite. Scaffolds retained a uniformly porous microarchitecture, and hydroxyapatite particles were distributed evenly throughout the PLGA phase. Injectability, determined by the force required to inject 0.5 mL of material within 60 s, remained clinically acceptable at <50 N at 30% w/w hydroxyapatite and up to 10% w/w PBAE microparticles. Ex vivo injections into intact porcine femoral heads increased compressive modulus of trabecular bone from 81 to 180 MPa and strength from 3.5 to 5.9 MPa. This injectable scaffold offers mechanical reinforcement coupled with previously demonstrated drug delivery potential in a single injection for bone-weakening conditions, such as osteonecrosis or osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506
| | | | - Todd A Milbrandt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - J Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506
| | - David A Puleo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506
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28
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Sarker A, Linh NTB, Jung HI, Seo HS, Lee BT. Fabrication of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 coated porous biphasic calcium phosphate-sodium carboxymethylcellulose-gelatin scaffold and its In vitro evaluation. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Bosworth LA, Rathbone SR, Bradley RS, Cartmell SH. Dynamic loading of electrospun yarns guides mesenchymal stem cells towards a tendon lineage. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 39:175-83. [PMID: 25129861 PMCID: PMC4180006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alternative strategies are required when autograft tissue is not sufficient or available to reconstruct damaged tendons. Electrospun fibre yarns could provide such an alternative. This study investigates the seeding of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on electrospun yarns and their response when subjected to dynamic tensile loading. Cell seeded yarns sustained 3600 cycles per day for 21 days. Loaded yarns demonstrated a thickened cell layer around the scaffold׳s exterior compared to statically cultured yarns, which would suggest an increased rate of cell proliferation and/or matrix deposition, whilst maintaining a predominant uniaxial cell orientation. Tensile properties of cell-seeded yarns increased with time compared to acellular yarns. Loaded scaffolds demonstrated an up-regulation in several key tendon genes, including collagen Type I. This study demonstrates the support of hMSCs on electrospun yarns and their differentiation towards a tendon lineage when mechanically stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bosworth
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S R Rathbone
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - R S Bradley
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S H Cartmell
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Thavornyutikarn B, Chantarapanich N, Sitthiseripratip K, Thouas GA, Chen Q. Bone tissue engineering scaffolding: computer-aided scaffolding techniques. Prog Biomater 2014; 3:61-102. [PMID: 26798575 PMCID: PMC4709372 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-014-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is essentially a technique for imitating nature. Natural tissues consist of three components: cells, signalling systems (e.g. growth factors) and extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM forms a scaffold for its cells. Hence, the engineered tissue construct is an artificial scaffold populated with living cells and signalling molecules. A huge effort has been invested in bone tissue engineering, in which a highly porous scaffold plays a critical role in guiding bone and vascular tissue growth and regeneration in three dimensions. In the last two decades, numerous scaffolding techniques have been developed to fabricate highly interconnective, porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. This review provides an update on the progress of foaming technology of biomaterials, with a special attention being focused on computer-aided manufacturing (Andrade et al. 2002) techniques. This article starts with a brief introduction of tissue engineering (Bone tissue engineering and scaffolds) and scaffolding materials (Biomaterials used in bone tissue engineering). After a brief reviews on conventional scaffolding techniques (Conventional scaffolding techniques), a number of CAM techniques are reviewed in great detail. For each technique, the structure and mechanical integrity of fabricated scaffolds are discussed in detail. Finally, the advantaged and disadvantage of these techniques are compared (Comparison of scaffolding techniques) and summarised (Summary).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nattapon Chantarapanich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Si Racha, Kasetsart University, 199 Sukhumvit Road, Si Racha, Chonburi 20230 Thailand
| | - Kriskrai Sitthiseripratip
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - George A. Thouas
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Qizhi Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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31
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Castillo-Dalí G, Velázquez-Cayón R, Serrera-Figallo MA, Rodríguez-González-Elipe A, Gutierrez-Pérez JL, Torres-Lagares D. Importance of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) in Scaffolds for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Focused Review. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2014; 41:e152-7. [PMID: 24552153 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Total or partial tissue damage and loss of function in an organ are two of the most serious and costly issues in human health. Initially, these problems were approached through organ and allogenic tissue transplantation, but this option is limited by the scarce availability of donors. In this manner, new bone for restoring or replacing lost and damaged bone tissue is an important health and socioeconomic necessity. Tissue engineering has been used as a strategy during the 21st century for mitigating this need through the development of guided bone regeneration scaffold and composites. In this manner, compared with other traditional methods, bone tissue engineering offers a new and interesting approach to bone repair. The poly-α-hydroxy acids, which include the copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid, have been used commonly in the fabrication of these scaffolds. The objective of our article was to review the characteristics and functions of scaffold with biomedical applications, with special interest in scaffold construction using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymers, in order to update the current methods used for fabrication and to improve the quality of these scaffolds, integrating this information into the context of advancements made in tissue engineering based on these structures. In the future, research into bone regeneration should be oriented toward a fruitful exchange between disciplines involved in tissue engineering, which is coming very close to filling the gaps in our ability to provide implants and restoration of functionality in bone tissue. Overcoming this challenge will provide benefits to a major portion of the population and facilitate substantial improvements to quality of life.
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Costello CM, Hongpeng J, Shaffiey S, Yu J, Jain NK, Hackam D, March JC. Synthetic small intestinal scaffolds for improved studies of intestinal differentiation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1222-32. [PMID: 24390638 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In vitro intestinal models can provide new insights into small intestinal function, including cellular growth and proliferation mechanisms, drug absorption capabilities, and host-microbial interactions. These models are typically formed with cells cultured on 2D scaffolds or transwell inserts, but it is widely understood that epithelial cells cultured in 3D environments exhibit different phenotypes that are more reflective of native tissue. Our focus was to develop a porous, synthetic 3D tissue scaffold with villous features that could support the culture of epithelial cell types to mimic the natural microenvironment of the small intestine. We demonstrated that our scaffold could support the co-culture of Caco-2 cells with a mucus-producing cell line, HT29-MTX, as well as small intestinal crypts from mice for extended periods. By recreating the surface topography with accurately sized intestinal villi, we enable cellular differentiation along the villous axis in a similar manner to native intestines. In addition, we show that the biochemical microenvironments of the intestine can be further simulated via a combination of apical and basolateral feeding of intestinal cell types cultured on the 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cait M Costello
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Takahashi H, Okano T. Intelligent Surfaces for Cell and Tissue Delivery. SMART MATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734318-00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation remains a powerful approach for promising numerous biomedical applications to promote tissue regeneration. Therefore, smart delivery systems of therapeutic cells, as well as therapeutic oligonucleotides and proteins, are required. Although cells have been conventionally delivered by direct injection to target sites, a number of clinical studies showed a limitation due to poor cell retention and survival at the sites, resulting in insufficient effect on tissue/organ repair. Therefore, at present, numerous delivery strategies have been developed, and a variety of polymeric materials play important roles. For example, encapsulation in semi-permeable membrane made from biocompatible polymers (e.g. alginate-poly(l-lysine)-alginate) allows xenograft islets to be delivered in vivo without immune suppression. With progress in tissue engineering, scaffold-based cell/tissue delivery reached the mainstream for regenerating damaged tissues. Various kinds of scaffolds have been fabricated from natural and synthetic polymers, such as collagen or poly(l-lactic-co-glycolic acid), and allowed to provide appropriate nutritional conditions and spatial organization for cell growth. Whereas these scaffolds produce reliable architectures to design cell/tissue delivery, scaffold-free cell/tissue delivery also has opened up a new class technology in the field of regenerative medicine. Thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted surfaces allow one to fabricate tissue-like cell monolayers, “cell sheets”, and deliver the cell-dense tissue with associated extra-cellular matrix (ECM) to damaged sites without scaffold implantation. The chapter focuses on unique cell/tissue delivery techniques using the intelligent surfaces. This technology has already been applied to human clinical studies for tissue regeneration, and microfabricated thermo-responsive surfaces are further developing for delivering more complex tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Zhang D, Petersen KM, Grunlan MA. Inorganic-organic shape memory polymer (SMP) foams with highly tunable properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:186-191. [PMID: 23227875 DOI: 10.1021/am302426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of smart materials that can return from a temporary to a permanent shape with the application of heat. Porous SMP foams exhibit unique properties versus solid, nonporous SMPs, enabling their utility in different applications, including some in the biomedical field. Reports on SMP foams have focused on those based on organic polymer systems. In this study, we have prepared inorganic-organic SMP foams comprising inorganic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) segments and organic poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL segments. The PCL segments served as switching segments to induce shape changing behavior whereas the length of the PDMS soft segment was systematically tuned. SMP foams were formed via the photochemical cure of acrylated (AcO) macromers AcO-PCL(40)-block-PDMS(m)-block-PCL(40)-OAc (m = 0, 20, 37, 66 and 130) using a revised solvent casting/particulate leaching (SCPL) method. By varying the PDMS segment length, PDMS-PCL foams having excellent shape memory behavior were obtained that exhibited highly tunable properties, including pore size, % porosity, compressive modulus, and degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Xie XH, Wang XL, Zhang G, He YX, Leng Y, Tang TT, Pan X, Qin L. Biofabrication of a PLGA-TCP-based porous bioactive bone substitute with sustained release of icaritin. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:961-72. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics; First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Luan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Development Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin He
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Leng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College; Ji'nan University; Shenzhen China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Development Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
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Chen Q, Zhu C, Thouas GA. Progress and challenges in biomaterials used for bone tissue engineering: bioactive glasses and elastomeric composites. Prog Biomater 2012; 1:2. [PMID: 29470743 PMCID: PMC5120665 DOI: 10.1186/2194-0517-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Driven by the increasing economic burden associated with bone injury and disease, biomaterial development for bone repair represents the most active research area in the field of tissue engineering. This article provides an update on recent advances in the development of bioactive biomaterials for bone regeneration. Special attention is paid to the recent developments of sintered Na-containing bioactive glasses, borate-based bioactive glasses, those doped with trace elements (such as Cu, Zn, and Sr), and novel elastomeric composites. Although bioactive glasses are not new to bone tissue engineering, their tunable mechanical properties, biodegradation rates, and ability to support bone and vascular tissue regeneration, as well as osteoblast differentiation from stem and progenitor cells, are superior to other bioceramics. Recent progresses on the development of borate bioactive glasses and trace element-doped bioactive glasses expand the repertoire of bioactive glasses. Although boride and other trace elements have beneficial effects on bone remodeling and/or associated angiogenesis, the risk of toxicity at high levels must be highly regarded in the design of new composition of bioactive biomaterials so that the release of these elements must be satisfactorily lower than their biologically safe levels. Elastomeric composites are superior to the more commonly used thermoplastic-matrix composites, owing to the well-defined elastic properties of elastomers which are ideal for the replacement of collagen, a key elastic protein within the bone tissue. Artificial bone matrix made from elastomeric composites can, therefore, offer both sound mechanical integrity and flexibility in the dynamic environment of injured bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - George A Thouas
- Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
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Molladavoodi S, Gorbet M, Medley J, Kwon HJ. Investigation of microstructure, mechanical properties and cellular viability of poly(L-lactic acid) tissue engineering scaffolds prepared by different thermally induced phase separation protocols. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 17:186-97. [PMID: 23122716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) methods have been used to fabricate biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) tissue engineering scaffolds each with fibrous (F-TIPS) and porous (P-TIPS) microstructures. Three levels of PLLA concentration (3, 5 and 7 wt%) were employed in each fabrication method and both wet and dry specimens were studied. Simple compression testing revealed that an elastic-plastic representation of the mechanical behavior was possible for all specimens. Both elastic and plastic moduli were higher for the P-TIPS, for higher polymer concentration, and might be somewhat higher for dry as opposed to wet specimens. For F-TIPS specimens, permanent deformation occurred successively during cyclic deformation but a "memory effect" simplified the behavior. Although F-TIPS microstructure better resembled the natural extracellular matrix, human osteosarcoma fibroblast cells showed more consistent viability in the P-TIPS scaffolds under our unloaded test protocols. Biodegradation in cell culture medium resulted in a decreased elastic moduli for F-TIPS specimens. Information presented regarding the microstructure, mechanical properties and cell viability of these PLLA scaffolds that should help reduce the number of iterations involved in developing tissue engineering products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molladavoodi
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Allo BA, Rizkalla AS, Mequanint K. Hydroxyapatite formation on sol-gel derived poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass hybrid biomaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:3148-3156. [PMID: 22625179 DOI: 10.1021/am300487c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of novel biomaterials for bone regeneration is based on the development of scaffolds that exhibit bone-bonding ability, biocompatibility, and sufficient mechanical strength. In this study, using novel poly (ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass (PCL/BG) hybrids with different organic/inorganic ratios, the effects of BG contents on the in vitro bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) formation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility were investigated. Rapid precipitation of HA on the PCL/BG hybrid surfaces were observed after incubating in simulated body fluid (SBF) for only 6 h, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPS). The ICPS elemental analysis results were further analyzed in terms of the Ca(2+) and PO4(3-) which were consumed to form the apatite layer. The results revealed that the rate and total amount of HA deposition decreased with an increase in PCL content. The compressive modulus and strength of the PCL/BG hybrids increased with the decrease in PCL content. The highest values were achieved at the lowest PCL content (10 wt %) and were around, 90 MPa and 1.4 GPa, respectively. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of PCL/BG bioactive hybrids, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were cultured for up to 72 h. Our data indicated that whereas initial cell attachment was marginally lower than the control tissue culture poly styrene (TCPS) surface, the hybrid materials promoted cell growth in a time-dependent manner. Cell viability within the different PCL/BG hybrid samples appeared to be influenced by compositional differences whereby higher PCL contents correlated with slight reduction in cell viability. Taken together, this study adds important new information to our knowledge on hydroxyapatite formation, mechanical properties, and cytotoxic effects of PCL/BG hybrids prepared by the sol-gel process using a tertiary glass composition and may have considerable potential for bone tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedilu A Allo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario , London, ON, Canada N6A 5B9
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Beloti MM, Sicchieri LG, de Oliveira PT, Rosa AL. The Influence of Osteoblast Differentiation Stage on Bone Formation in Autogenously Implanted Cell-Based Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide) and Calcium Phosphate Constructs. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:999-1005. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M. Beloti
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana G. Sicchieri
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo T. de Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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TAKECHI M, OHTA K, NINOMIYA Y, TADA M, MINAMI M, TAKAMOTO M, OHTA A, NAKAGAWA T, FUKUI A, MIYAMOTO Y, KAMATA N. 3-dimensional composite scaffolds consisting of apatite-PLGA-atelocollagen for bone tissue engineering. Dent Mater J 2012; 31:465-71. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang HS, Park J, La WG, Jang HK, Lee M, Kim BS. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-assisted hydroxyapatite nanoparticle coating on polymer scaffolds for efficient osteoconduction. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 18:245-51. [PMID: 22047103 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For bone regeneration applications, scaffolds made from a composite of a biodegradable polymer and ceramic have advantages over scaffolds made from only one component (biodegradable polymer or ceramic alone). In this study, a simple and rapid method was developed to induce hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle adsorption on polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold surfaces. PGA meshes were coated with HA nanoparticles by immersing the scaffolds in a buffer solution containing 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), a critical, functional element in mussel adhesive protein known to strongly bind to various materials. Substantial HA coating on PGA scaffolds was achieved within 24 hours of immersion, as determined according to selective staining of ceramic particles, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. To evaluate the osteoconduction efficacy of the scaffolds in vivo, PGA scaffolds, DOPA-coated PGA scaffolds, PGA scaffolds immersed in HA solution, and HA- and DOPA-coated PGA (HA-DOPA-PGA) scaffolds were implanted in critical-sized defects in mouse skulls for 8 weeks. Micro-computed tomography and histological analyses showed that bone regeneration in vivo was far more extensive on HA-DOPA-PGA scaffolds than on the other scaffolds. DOPA offers an efficient and simple method of HA coating on polymer scaffolds. HA-polymer composite scaffolds fabricated using this method could be useful as bone graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seok Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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42
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Kim IG, Piao S, Hong SH, Kim SW, Hwang TK, Oh SH, Lee JH, Lee JY. The effect of a bioactive tissue-engineered sling in a rat of stress incontinence model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:286-92. [PMID: 22045624 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we attempt to examine the feasibility of the bioactive tissue-engineered sling by using muscle precursor cells (MPCs)-seeded Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber sheet in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). In vitro, MPCs were cultured on a PCL nanofiber sheet for one week, where the MPCs-seeded PCL nanofiber sheet showed constant twitching contraction by electrical field stimulation in an organ bath. In vivo, MPCs-seeded PCL nanofiber sheet was placed under the female rat's urethra after pudendal nerve denervation (animal model of SUI). The leak point pressure (LPP) was evaluated with the vertical tilt table after the operation for four weeks. The resulting LPP of MPCs-seeded PCL nanofiber sheet group was observed to be significantly higher than the denervation-only group's. Furthermore, PKH-26-labeled MPCs were observed under the urethral sphincter by immunohistochemistry. These results indicated that, the MPCs-seeded PCL nanofiber sheet have not only provided support for the deficient sphincter, but also actively improved the sphincter's function overall. In conclusion, this bioactive tissue-engineered sling could be used as an ideal material for the treatment of SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Gul Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo Dong, Seocho Gu, Seoul 137-040, Korea
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Carlo Reis EC, Borges APB, Araújo MVF, Mendes VC, Guan L, Davies JE. Periodontal regeneration using a bilayered PLGA/calcium phosphate construct. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9244-53. [PMID: 21885122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of tissues affected by periodontal disease is a complex process; it encompasses the formation of bone, cementum and periodontal ligament. We developed a semi-rigid PLGA (polylactide-co-glycolide acid)/CaP (calcium phosphate) bilayered biomaterial construct to promote periodontal regeneration, which has a continuous outer barrier membrane and an inner topographically complex component. Our experimental model compared periodontal prophylaxis alone with prophylaxis and biomaterial implantation in the treatment of class II furcation defects in dogs. Clinical evaluation, micro-computed tomography, histology and backscattered electron imaging were used for data analysis. Healing occurred uneventfully and bone volumetric values, trabecular number and trabecular thickness were all significantly greater in the treated group; while trabecular separation was significantly greater in the control group. New cementum, bone, and periodontal ligament with Sharpey fibre insertions were only seen in the treated group. Although periodontal regeneration has been reported elsewhere, the advantages of employing our bilayered PLGA + CaP construct are twofold: 1)it did not collapse into the defect; and, 2) its inner side was able to retain the blood clot throughout the buccal defect. The result was greater periodontal regeneration than has previously been reported with traditional flexible membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Carlo Reis
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-000, Brazil
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Tyson T, Målberg S, Wåtz V, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC. Functional and Highly Porous Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1432-42. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The state-of-the-art of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates that are suitable for biomedical applications is presented in this review. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, calcium orthophosphates might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates, either those already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications, are extensively discussed. Many different formulations, in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics, have already been proposed. Among the others, the nanostructurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from the laboratory to the hospital is a long one, and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, this review also examines the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development.
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Chaisri W, Ghassemi AH, Hennink WE, Okonogi S. Enhanced gentamicin loading and release of PLGA and PLHMGA microspheres by varying the formulation parameters. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:508-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Davies JE, Matta R, Mendes VC, Perri de Carvalho PS. Development, characterization and clinical use of a biodegradable composite scaffold for bone engineering in oro-maxillo-facial surgery. Organogenesis 2011; 6:161-6. [PMID: 21197218 DOI: 10.4161/org.6.3.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a biodegradable composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications with a pore size and interconnecting macroporosity similar to those of human trabecular bone. The scaffold is fabricated by a process of particle leaching and phase inversion from poly(lactideco-glycolide) (PLGA) and two calcium phosphate (CaP) phases both of which are resorbable by osteoclasts; the first a particulate within the polymer structure and the second a thin ubiquitous coating. The 3-5 μm thick osteoconductive surface CaP abrogates the putative foreign body giant cell response to the underlying polymer, while the internal CaP phase provides dimensional stability in an otherwise highly compliant structure. The scaffold may be used as a biomaterial alone, as a carrier for cells or a three-phase drug delivery device. Due to the highly interconnected macroporosity ranging from 81% to 91%, with macropores of 0.8∼1.8 mm, and an ability to wick up blood, the scaffold acts as both a clot-retention device and an osteoconductive support for host bone growth. As a cell delivery vehicle, the scaffold can be first seeded with human mesenchymal cells which can then contribute to bone formation in orthotopic implantation sites, as we show in immune-compromised animal hosts. We have also employed this scaffold in both lithomorph and particulate forms in human patients to maintain alveolar bone height following tooth extraction, and augment alveolar bone height through standard sinus lift approaches. We provide a clinical case report of both of these applications; and we show that the scaffold served to regenerate sufficient bone tissue in the wound site to provide a sound foundation for dental implant placement. At the time of writing, such implants have been in occlusal function for periods of up to 3 years in sites regenerated through the use of the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Davies
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Sicchieri LG, Crippa GE, de Oliveira PT, Beloti MM, Rosa AL. Pore size regulates cell and tissue interactions with PLGA-CaP scaffolds used for bone engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:155-62. [DOI: 10.1002/term.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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49
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Kim SY. Surface-engineered hydroxyapatite nanocrystal/ poly(ε-caprolactone) hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tan Q, Li S, Ren J, Chen C. Fabrication of porous scaffolds with a controllable microstructure and mechanical properties by porogen fusion technique. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:890-904. [PMID: 21541032 PMCID: PMC3083679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12020890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroporous scaffolds with controllable pore structure and mechanical properties were fabricated by a porogen fusion technique. Biodegradable material poly (d, l-lactide) (PDLLA) was used as the scaffold matrix. The effects of porogen size, PDLLA concentration and hydroxyapatite (HA) content on the scaffold morphology, porosity and mechanical properties were investigated. High porosity (90% and above) and highly interconnected structures were easily obtained and the pore size could be adjusted by varying the porogen size. With the increasing porogen size and PDLLA concentration, the porosity of scaffolds decreases, while its mechanical properties increase. The introduction of HA greatly increases the impact on pore structure, mechanical properties and water absorption ability of scaffolds, while it has comparatively little influence on its porosity under low HA contents. These results show that by adjusting processing parameters, scaffolds could afford a controllable pore size, exhibit suitable pore structure and high porosity, as well as good mechanical properties, and may serve as an excellent substrate for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Tan
- Institute of Nano- and Bio-Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; E-Mails: (J.R.); (C.C.)
- Key Laboratory Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-21-69580234; Fax: +86-21-69580234
| | - Songgang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Nano- and Bio-Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; E-Mails: (J.R.); (C.C.)
- Key Laboratory Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Institute of Nano- and Bio-Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; E-Mails: (J.R.); (C.C.)
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