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Holkar K, Kale V, Pethe P, Ingavle G. The symbiotic effect of osteoinductive extracellular vesicles and mineralized microenvironment on osteogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:155-166. [PMID: 37671776 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of bone-related diseases has raised concern about the need for an osteoinductive and mechanically stronger scaffold-based bone tissue engineering (BTE) alternative. A mineralized microenvironment, similar to the native bone microenvironment, is required in the scaffold to recruit and differentiate local mesenchymal stem cells at the bone defect site. Further, extracellular vesicles (EVs), pre-osteoblasts' secretome, contain osteoinductive cargo and have recently been exploited in bone regeneration. This work developed a cell-free and mechanically strong interpenetrating network-based scaffold for BTE by combining the action of osteoinductive EVs with a mineralized microenvironment. The MC3T3 (a pre-osteoblast cell line) is used as a source of EVs and as the target population. The optimal concentration of MC3T3-EVs was first determined to induce osteogenesis in target cells. The osteoinductive potential of the scaffold was estimated in vitro by osteogenesis-related markers like the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme and calcium content. The MC3T3-EVs cargo was also studied for osteoinductive signals such as ALP, calcium, and mRNA. The findings of this work indicated that MC3T3-EVs at a 90 μg/mL dose had significantly higher ALP activity than 0 μg/mL (1.47-fold), 10 μg/mL (1.41-fold), and 30 μg/mL (1.39-fold) EV-concentration on day 14. Further combination of the optimum dose of EVs with a mineralized microenvironment significantly enhanced ALP activity (1.5-fold) and mineralization (3.36-fold) as compared to the control group on day 7. EV cargo analysis revealed the presence of calcium, the ALP enzyme, and the mRNAs necessary for osteogenesis and angiogenesis. ALP activity was significantly boosted in the EV-containing target cells as early as day 1, and mineralization began on day 7 because MC3T3-EVs carry ALP enzymes and calcium as cargo. When osteoinductive EVs were combined with an osteoconductive mineralized microenvironment, osteogenesis was significantly enhanced in target cells at early time points. The interaction between osteoinductive EVs and the mineralized milieu facilitates the process of osteogenesis in the target cells and suggests a potential cell-free strategy for in vivo bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Holkar
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Ganesh Ingavle
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
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De Carvalho B, Dory E, Trus C, Pirson J, Germain L, Lecloux G, Lambert F, Rompen E. Biological performance of a novel bovine hydroxyapatite in a guided bone regeneration model: A preclinical study in a mandibular defect in dogs. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024; 26:183-196. [PMID: 37789642 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This preclinical model study aims to evaluate the performance and safety of a novel hydroxyapatite biomaterial (Wishbone Hydroxyapatite, WHA) on guided bone regeneration compared to a commercially available deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss, BO). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four beagle dogs were allocated to three timepoint cohorts (4, 12, and 26 weeks) of eight animals each. In all animals, four critical-sized, independent wall mandibular defects were created (32 defects/cohort). Each animal received all four treatments, allocated randomly to separated defects: WHA + collagen membrane (M), BO + M, no treatment (Sham, Sh), and Sh + M. At each timepoint, the specimens were harvested for histologic and histomorphometric analyses to determine the newly formed bone and osteoconductivity. RESULTS At 4 weeks, bone regeneration was significantly higher for WHA + M (46.8%) when compared to BO + M (21.4%), Sh (15.1%), and Sh + M (23.1%) (p < 0.05); at 12 and 26 weeks, regeneration was similar for WHA and BO. Bone-to-material contact increased over time similarly for WHA + M and BO + M. From a safety point of view, inflammation attributed to WHA + M or BO + M was minimal; necrosis or fatty infiltrate was absent. CONCLUSIONS WHA + M resulted in higher bone regeneration rate than BO + M at 4 weeks. Both BO + M and WHA + M were more efficient than both Sh groups at all timepoints. Safety and biocompatibility of WHA was favorable and comparable to that of BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno De Carvalho
- Department of Periodontology, Oro-Dental and Implant Surgery, Dental Biomaterial Research Unit, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Geoffrey Lecloux
- Department of Periodontology, Oro-Dental and Implant Surgery, Dental Biomaterial Research Unit, Liège, Belgium
| | - France Lambert
- Department of Periodontology, Oro-Dental and Implant Surgery, Dental Biomaterial Research Unit, Liège, Belgium
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Maevskaia E, Guerrero J, Ghayor C, Bhattacharya I, Weber FE. Triply Periodic Minimal Surface-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Mechanical, In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:507-517. [PMID: 37212290 PMCID: PMC10611970 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) are found to be promising microarchitectures for bone substitutes owing to their low weight and superior mechanical characteristics. However, existing studies on their application are incomplete because they focus solely on biomechanical or in vitro aspects. Hardly any in vivo studies where different TPMS microarchitectures are compared have been reported. Therefore, we produced hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds with three types of TPMS microarchitectures, namely Diamond, Gyroid, and Primitive, and compared them with an established Lattice microarchitecture by mechanical testing, 3D-cell culture, and in vivo implantation. Common to all four microarchitectures was the minimal constriction of a sphere of 0.8 mm in diameter, which earlier was found superior in Lattice microarchitectures. Scanning by μCT revealed the precision and reproducibility of our printing method. The mechanical analysis showed significantly higher compression strength for Gyroid and Diamond samples compared with Primitive and Lattice. After in vitro culture with human bone marrow stromal cells in control or osteogenic medium, no differences between these microarchitectures were observed. However, from the TPMS microarchitectures, Diamond- and Gyroid-based scaffolds showed the highest bone ingrowth and bone-to-implant contact in vivo. Therefore, Diamond and Gyroid designs appear to be the most promising TPMS-type microarchitectures for scaffolds produced for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Impact Statement Extensive bone defects require the application of bone grafts. To match the existing requirements, scaffolds based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based microarchitectures could be used as bone substitutes. This work is dedicated to the investigation of mechanical and osteoconductive properties of TPMS-based scaffolds to determine the influencing factors on differences in their behavior and choose the most promising design to be used in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Maevskaia
- Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Guerrero
- Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Maevskaia E, Khera N, Ghayor C, Bhattacharya I, Guerrero J, Nicholls F, Waldvogel C, Bärtschi R, Fritschi L, Salamon D, Özcan M, Malgaroli P, Seiler D, de Wild M, Weber FE. Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2023; 10:905-916. [PMID: 37886403 PMCID: PMC10599419 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Autologous bone remains the gold standard bone substitute in clinical practice. Therefore, the microarchitecture of newly developed synthetic bone substitutes, which reflects the spatial distribution of materials in the scaffold, aims to recapitulate the natural bone microarchitecture. However, the natural bone microarchitecture is optimized to obtain a mechanically stable, lightweight structure adapted to the biomechanical loading situation. In the context of synthetic bone substitutes, the application of a Triply Periodic Minimum Surface (TPMS) algorithm can yield stable lightweight microarchitectures that, despite their demanding architectural complexity, can be produced by additive manufacturing. In this study, we applied the TPMS derivative Adaptive Density Minimal Surfaces (ADMS) algorithm to produce scaffolds from hydroxyapatite (HA) using a lithography-based layer-by-layer methodology and compared them with an established highly osteoconductive lattice microarchitecture. We characterized them for compression strength, osteoconductivity, and bone regeneration. The in vivo results, based on a rabbit calvaria defect model, showed that bony ingrowth into ADMS constructs as a measure of osteoconduction depended on minimal constriction as it limited the maximum apparent pore diameter in these scaffolds to 1.53 mm. Osteoconduction decreased significantly at a diameter of 1.76 mm. The most suitable ADMS microarchitecture was as osteoconductive as a highly osteoconductive orthogonal lattice microarchitecture in noncritical- and critical-size calvarial defects. However, the compression strength and microarchitectural integrity in vivo were significantly higher for scaffolds with their microarchitecture based on the ADMS algorithm when compared with high-connectivity lattice microarchitectures. Therefore, bone substitutes with high osteoconductivity can be designed with the advantages of the ADMS-based microarchitectures. As TPMS and ADMS microarchitectures are true lightweight structures optimized for high mechanical stability with a minimal amount of material, such microarchitectures appear most suitable for bone substitutes used in clinical settings to treat bone defects in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Maevskaia
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nupur Khera
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Guerrero
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flora Nicholls
- Central Biological Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Mutlu Özcan
- Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Malgaroli
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics IM2, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Seiler
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics IM2, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Michael de Wild
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics IM2, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Holkar K, Kale V, Ingavle G. Cell-Instructive Mineralized Microenvironment Regulates Osteogenesis: A Growing SYMBIOSIS of Cell Biology and Biomaterials Engineering in Bone Tissue Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4867-4877. [PMID: 37387693 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the objectives of bone tissue engineering is to produce scaffolds that are biocompatible, osteoinductive, and mechanically equivalent to the natural extracellular matrix of bone in terms of structure and function. Reconstructing the osteoconductive bone microenvironment into a scaffold can attract native mesenchymal stem cells and differentiate them into osteoblasts at the defect site. The symbiotic relationship between cell biology and biomaterial engineering could result in composite polymers containing the necessary signals to recreate tissue- and organ-specific differentiation. In the current work, drawing inspiration from the natural stem cell niche to govern stem cell fate, the cell-instructive hydrogel platforms were constructed by engineering the mineralized microenvironment. This work employed two different hydroxyapatite delivery strategies to create a mineralized microenvironment in an alginate-PEGDA interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel. The first approach involved coating of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres and then encapsulating the coated microspheres in an IPN hydrogel for a sustained release of nHAp, whereas the second approach involved directly loading nHAp into the IPN hydrogel. This study demonstrate that both direct encapsulation and a sustained release approach showed enhanced osteogenesis in target-encapsulated cells; however, direct loading of nHAp into the IPN hydrogel increased the mechanical strength and swelling ratio of the scaffold by 4.6-fold and 1.14-fold, respectively. In addition, the biochemical and molecular studies revealed improved osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential of encapsulated target cells. Being less expensive and simple to perform, this approach could be beneficial in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Holkar
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh Ingavle
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
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Götschi T, Hodel S, Kühne N, Bachmann E, Li X, Zimmermann SM, Snedeker JG, Fucentese SF. Osteoconductive Scaffold Placed at the Femoral Tunnel Aperture in Hamstring Tendon ACL Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231174478. [PMID: 37347015 PMCID: PMC10280525 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231174478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone tunnel enlargement after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction remains an unsolved problem that complicates revision surgery. Hypothesis Positioning of an osteoconductive scaffold at the femoral tunnel aperture improves graft-to-bone incorporation and thereby decreases bone tunnel widening. Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods In a 1:1 ratio, 56 patients undergoing primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were randomized to receive femoral fixation with cortical suspension fixation and secondary press-fit fixation at the tunnel aperture of the tendon graft only (control) or with augmentation by an osteoconductive scaffold (intervention). Adverse events, patient-reported outcomes, and passive knee stability were recorded over 2 years after the index surgery. Three-dimensional bone tunnel widening was assessed using computed tomography at the time of surgery and 4.5 months and 1 year postoperatively. Results The intervention group exhibited a similar number of adverse events as the control group (8 vs 10; P = .775) including 2 partial reruptures in both groups. The approach was feasible, although 1 case was encountered where the osteoconductive scaffold was malpositioned without adversely affecting the patient's recovery. There was no difference between the intervention and control groups in femoral bone tunnel enlargement, as expressed by the relative change in tunnel volume from surgery to 4.5 months (mean ± SD, 36% ± 25% vs 40% ± 25%; P = .644) and 1 year (19% ± 20% vs 17% ± 25%; P =.698). Conclusion Press-fit graft fixation with an osteoconductive scaffold positioned at the femoral tunnel aperture is safe but does not decrease femoral bone tunnel enlargement at postoperative 1 year. Registration NCT03462823 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Götschi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist
University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Hodel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist
University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Kühne
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist
University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Xiang Li
- ZuriMED Technologies AG, Zurich,
Switzerland
| | - Stefan M. Zimmermann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist
University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G. Snedeker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist
University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro F. Fucentese
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist
University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Pérez-Moreno A, Piñero M, Fernández-Montesinos R, Pinaglia-Tobaruela G, Reyes-Peces MV, Mesa-Díaz MDM, Vilches-Pérez JI, Esquivias L, de la Rosa-Fox N, Salido M. Chitosan-Silica Hybrid Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comparative Study of Xerogels and Aerogels. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050383. [PMID: 37232975 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer that shows promise as a biomaterial for bone-tissue regeneration. However, because of their limited ability to induce cell differentiation and high degradation rate, among other drawbacks associated with its use, the creation of CS-based biomaterials remains a problem in bone tissue engineering research. Here we aimed to reduce these disadvantages while retaining the benefits of potential CS biomaterial by combining it with silica to provide sufficient additional structural support for bone regeneration. In this work, CS-silica xerogel and aerogel hybrids with 8 wt.% CS content, designated SCS8X and SCS8A, respectively, were prepared by sol-gel method, either by direct solvent evaporation at the atmospheric pressure or by supercritical drying in CO2, respectively. As reported in previous studies, it was confirmed that both types of mesoporous materials exhibited large surface areas (821 m2g-1-858 m2g-1) and outstanding bioactivity, as well as osteoconductive properties. In addition to silica and chitosan, the inclusion of 10 wt.% of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), designated SCS8T10X, was also considered, which stimulates a fast bioactive response of the xerogel surface. The results here obtained also demonstrate that xerogels induced earlier cell differentiation than the aerogels with identical composition. In conclusion, our study shows that the sol-gel synthesis of CS-silica xerogels and aerogels enhances not only their bioactive response, but also osteoconduction and cell differentiation properties. Therefore, these new biomaterials should provide adequate secretion of the osteoid for a fast bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pérez-Moreno
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Piñero
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández-Montesinos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Cádiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Histología, SCIBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11004 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pinaglia-Tobaruela
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Cádiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Histología, SCIBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11004 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María V Reyes-Peces
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Mesa-Díaz
- Instituto de Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Vilches-Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Cádiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Histología, SCIBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11004 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Luis Esquivias
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicolás de la Rosa-Fox
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salido
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Cádiz (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Histología, SCIBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11004 Cádiz, Spain
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Guerrero J, Maevskaia E, Ghayor C, Bhattacharya I, Weber FE. Influence of Scaffold Microarchitecture on Angiogenesis and Regulation of Cell Differentiation during the Early Phase of Bone Healing: A Transcriptomics and Histological Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066000. [PMID: 36983073 PMCID: PMC10056849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The early phase of bone healing is a complex and poorly understood process. With additive manufacturing, we can generate a specific and customizable library of bone substitutes to explore this phase. In this study, we produced tricalcium phosphate-based scaffolds with microarchitectures composed of filaments of 0.50 mm in diameter, named Fil050G, and 1.25 mm named Fil125G, respectively. The implants were removed after only 10 days in vivo followed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and histological analysis. RNAseq results revealed upregulation of adaptive immune response, regulation of cell adhesion, and cell migration-related genes in both of our two constructs. However, significant overexpression of genes linked to angiogenesis, regulation of cell differentiation, ossification, and bone development was observed solely in Fil050G scaffolds. Moreover, quantitative immunohistochemistry of structures positive for laminin revealed a significantly higher number of blood vessels in Fil050G samples. Furthermore, µCT detected a higher amount of mineralized tissue in Fil050G samples suggesting a superior osteoconductive potential. Hence, different filament diameters and distances in bone substitutes significantly influence angiogenesis and regulation of cell differentiation involved in the early phase of bone regeneration, which precedes osteoconductivity and bony bridging seen in later phases and as consequence, impacts the overall clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guerrero
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Maevskaia
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Han J, Park S, Kim JE, Park B, Hong Y, Lim JW, Jeong S, Son H, Kim HB, Seonwoo H, Jang KJ, Chung JH. Development of a Scaffold-on-a-Chip Platform to Evaluate Cell Infiltration and Osteogenesis on the 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:968-977. [PMID: 36701173 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing a scaffold for efficient and functional bone regeneration remains challenging. To accomplish this goal, a "scaffold-on-a-chip" device was developed as a platform to aid with the evaluation process. The device mimics a microenvironment experienced by a transplanted bone scaffold. The device contains a circular space at the center for scaffold insert and microfluidic channel that encloses the space. Such a design allows for monitoring of cell behavior at the blood-scaffold interphase. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with three different types of scaffold inserts to test its capability as an evaluation platform. Cellular behaviors, including migration, morphology, and osteogenesis with each scaffold, were analyzed through fluorescence images of live/dead assay and immunocytochemistry. Cellular behaviors, such as migration, morphology, and osteogenesis, were evaluated. The results revealed that our platform could effectively evaluate the osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of scaffolds with various properties. In conclusion, our proposed platform is expected to replace current in vivo animal models as a highly relevant in vitro platform and can contribute to the fundamental study of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsub Han
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Convergence Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangbae Park
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byeongjoo Park
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonggeol Hong
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Institute of Smart Farm, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jae Woon Lim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Jeong
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyunmok Son
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hong Bae Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Department of Convergent Biosystems Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Je Jang
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Institute of Smart Farm, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Convergence Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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10
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Gavinho SR, Pádua AS, Sá-Nogueira I, Silva JC, Borges JP, Costa LC, Graça MPF. Fabrication, Structural and Biological Characterization of Zinc-Containing Bioactive Glasses and Their Use in Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:956. [PMID: 36769963 PMCID: PMC9919611 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric membranes are widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR), particularly in dentistry. In addition, bioactive glasses can be added to the polymers in order to develop a matrix that is osteoconductive and osteoinductive, increasing cell adhesion and proliferation. The bioactive glasses allow the insertion into its network of therapeutic ions in order to add specific biological properties. The addition of zinc into bioactive glasses can promote antibacterial activity and induce the differentiation and proliferation of the bone cells. In this study, bioactive glasses containing zinc (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mol%) were developed and structurally and biologically characterized. The biological results show that the Zn-containing bioactive glasses do not present significant antibacterial activity, but the addition of zinc at the highest concentration does not compromise the bioactivity and promotes the viability of Saos-2 cells. The cell culture assays in the membranes (PCL, PCL:BG and PCL:BGZn2) showed that zinc addition promotes cell viability and an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia R. Gavinho
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Pádua
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Nogueira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge C. Silva
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João P. Borges
- I3N-CENIMAT and Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luis C. Costa
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Pedro F. Graça
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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11
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Gil LF, Nayak VV, Benalcázar Jalkh EB, Tovar N, Chiu KJ, Salas JC, Marin C, Bowers M, Freitas G, Mbe Fokam DC, Coelho PG, Witek L. Laddec® versus Bio-Oss®: The effect on the healing of critical-sized defect - Calvaria rabbit model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2744-2750. [PMID: 35857711 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of two different deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) grafting materials: DBBB (Bio-Oss®) and DBBL (Laddec®), for the regeneration of critically sized (8 mm) defects in rabbit's calvaria. Three round-shaped defects were surgically created in the calvaria of 13 New Zealand White rabbits proximal to the coronal suture in the parietal bone. Two of the defects were filled with one of the grafting materials while a third was left empty to serve as a negative control. Bone regeneration properties were evaluated at 4- and 8-weeks after implantation by means of histological and histomorphometrical analyses. Statistical analyses were performed through a mixed model analysis with fixed factors of time and material. Histological evaluation of the control group evidenced a lack of bridging bone formation across the defect sites at both evaluation time points. For the experimental groups, new bone formation was observed around the defect periphery and to progress radially inwards to the center of the defect site, regardless of the grafting material. Histomorphometric analyses at 4 weeks demonstrated higher amount of bone formation through the defect for DBBB group. However, at 8 weeks, DBBL and DBBB demonstrated osteoconductivity and low resorption rates with evidence of statistically similar bone regeneration through the complete boney defect. Finally, DBBB presented lower soft tissue migration within the defect when compared to DBBL at both evaluation time points. DBBB and DBBL presented similar bone regeneration performance and slow resorption rates. Although both materials promoted bone regeneration through the complete defect, DBBB presented lower soft tissue migration within the defects at 4- and 8-weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Gil
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ernesto B Benalcázar Jalkh
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nick Tovar
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Langone Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kai-Jen Chiu
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jaime Campos Salas
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles Marin
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, UNIGRANRIO University, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Bowers
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gileade Freitas
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry (FORP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dejolie Christelle Mbe Fokam
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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12
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Biernat M, Szwed-Georgiou A, Rudnicka K, Płociński P, Pagacz J, Tymowicz-Grzyb P, Woźniak A, Włodarczyk M, Urbaniak MM, Krupa A, Rusek-Wala P, Karska N, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S. Dual Modification of Porous Ca-P/PLA Composites with APTES and Alendronate Improves Their Mechanical Strength and Cytobiocompatibility towards Human Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214315. [PMID: 36430791 PMCID: PMC9692370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic implants are used to treat large bone defects that are often unable to regenerate, for example those caused by osteoporosis. It is necessary that the materials used to manufacture them are biocompatible and resorbable. Polymer-ceramic composites, such as those based on poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and calcium phosphate ceramics (Ca-P), are often used for these purposes. In this study, we attempted to investigate an innovative strategy for two-step (dual) modification of composites and their components to improve the compatibility of composite components and the adhesion between PLA and Ca-P whiskers, and to increase the mechanical strength of the composite, as well as improve osteological bioactivity and prevent bone resorption in composites intended for bone regeneration. In the first step, Ca-P whiskers were modified with a saturated fatty acid namely, lauric acid (LA), or a silane coupling agent γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Then, the composite, characterized by the best mechanical properties, was modified in the second stage of the work with an active chemical compound used in medicine as a first-line drug in osteoporosis-sodium alendronate, belonging to the group of bisphosphonates (BP). As a result of the research covered in this work, the composite modified with APTES and alendronate was found to be a promising candidate for future biomedical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Center of Ceramic and Concrete in Warsaw, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Pagacz
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Center of Ceramic and Concrete in Warsaw, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Tymowicz-Grzyb
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Center of Ceramic and Concrete in Warsaw, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniak
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Center of Ceramic and Concrete in Warsaw, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Włodarczyk
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Mateusz M. Urbaniak
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
- Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Łódź and Łódź Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusek-Wala
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
- Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Łódź and Łódź Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Natalia Karska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita-Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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13
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Ghayor C, Bhattacharya I, Guerrero J, Özcan M, Weber FE. 3D-Printed HA-Based Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration: Microporosity, Osteoconduction and Osteoclastic Resorption. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15041433. [PMID: 35207973 PMCID: PMC8875550 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing enables the realization of the macro- and microarchitecture of bone substitutes. The macroarchitecture is determined by the bone defect and its shape makes the implant patient specific. The preset distribution of the 3D-printed material in the macroarchitecture defines the microarchitecture. At the lower scale, the nanoarchitecture of 3D-printed scaffolds is dependent on the post-processing methodology such as the sintering temperature. However, the role of microarchitecture and nanoarchitecture of scaffolds for osteoconduction is still elusive. To address these aspects in more detail, we produced lithography-based osteoconductive scaffolds from hydroxyapatite (HA) of identical macro- and microarchitecture and varied their nanoarchitecture, such as microporosity, by increasing the maximum sintering temperatures from 1100 to 1400 °C. The different scaffold types were characterized for microporosity, compression strength, and nanoarchitecture. The in vivo results, based on a rabbit calvarial defect model showed that bony ingrowth, as a measure of osteoconduction, was independent from scaffold’s microporosity. The same applies to in vitro osteoclastic resorbability, since on all tested scaffold types, osteoclasts formed on their surfaces and resorption pits upon exposure to mature osteoclasts were visible. Thus, for wide-open porous HA-based scaffolds, a low degree of microporosity and high mechanical strength yield optimal osteoconduction and creeping substitution. Based on our study, non-unions, the major complication during demanding bone regeneration procedures, could be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafik Ghayor
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.G.); (I.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.G.); (I.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Julien Guerrero
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.G.); (I.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.G.); (I.B.); (J.G.)
- CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-3140
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14
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Fischer H, Steffen C, Schmidt-Bleek K, Duda GN, Heiland M, Rendenbach C, Raguse JD. Histological Processing of CAD/CAM Titanium Scaffold after Long-Term Failure in Cranioplasty. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:982. [PMID: 35160928 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cranioplasty is a frequently performed procedure after craniectomy and includes several techniques with different materials. Due to high overall complication rates, alloplastic implants are removed in many cases. Lack of implant material osseointegration is often assumed as a reason for failure, but no study has proven this in cranioplasty. This study histologically evaluates the osteointegration of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) titanium scaffold with an open mesh structure used for cranioplasty. A CAD/CAM titanium scaffold was removed due to late soft tissue complications 7.6 years after cranioplasty. The histological analyses involved the preparation of non-decalcified slices from the scaffold’s inner and outer sides as well as a light-microscopic evaluation, including the quantification of the bone that had formed over the years. Within the scaffold pores, vital connective tissue with both blood vessels and nerves was found. Exclusive bone formation only occurred at the edges of the implant, covering 0.21% of the skin-facing outer surface area. The inner scaffold surface, facing towards the brain, did not show any mineralization at all. Although conventional alloplastic materials for cranioplasty reduce surgery time and provide good esthetic results while mechanically protecting the underlying structures, a lack of adequate stimuli could explain the limited bone formation found. CAD/CAM porous titanium scaffolds alone insufficiently osseointegrate in such large bone defects of the skull. Future research should investigate alternative routes that enable long-term osteointegration in order to reduce complication rates after cranioplasty. Opportunities could be found in mechano-biologically optimized scaffolds, material modifications, surface coatings, or other routes to sustain bone formation.
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15
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Özkahraman N, Balcıoğlu NB, Soluk Tekkesin M, Altundağ Y, Yalçın S. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mineralized Dentin Graft in the Treatment of Intraosseous Defects: An Experimental In Vivo Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:103. [PMID: 35056411 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dentin grafts have osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties and are considered as an alternative to autogenous graft. This study evaluates the efficacy of autogenous mineralized dentin graft (AMDG) alone or with xenograft and compares it with those of various graft materials used in the treatment of intraosseous bone defects. Materials and Methods: The third incisor teeth of six sheep (2–3 years old) were extracted and AMDG was obtained. Six defects were prepared on each tibia of these six sheep: empty defect (group E); autogenous graft (group A), dentin graft (group D), xenograft (group X), autogenous + xenograft (group A + X) and dentin + xenograft (group D + X). Three sheep in each group were sacrificed in the post-operative 3rd and 6th week and the histologic analyses were performed. Results: The D and D + X groups showed histological features similar to the other groups in the 3rd and 6th weeks. No statistically significant difference was found regarding the rates of new bone formation between the D and D + X groups (p = 1.0) and the other groups at both time intervals (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Similar results observed in this study between groups A, D, X, A + X and D + X demonstrate that AMDG can be successfully used in the treatment of intraosseous bone defects. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to be able to evaluate the effectiveness of dentin grafts in different types of indications.
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16
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Jerbić Radetić AT, Zoričić Cvek S, Tomas M, Erjavec I, Oguić M, Perić Kačarević Ž, Cvijanović Peloza O. CSBD Healing in Rats after Application of Bovine Xenogeneic Biomaterial Enriched with Magnesium Alloy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169089. [PMID: 34445794 PMCID: PMC8396602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenogeneic biomaterials Cerbone® and OsteoBiol® are widely used in oral implantology. In dental practice, xenogeneic biomaterial is usually combined with autologous bone to provide bone volume stability needed for long-term dental implants. Magnesium alloy implants dissolve and form mineral corrosion layer that is directly in contact with bone tissue, allowing deposition of the newly formed bone. CSBD heals by intramembranous ossification and therefore is a convenient model for analyses of ostoconductive and osteoinductive properties of different type of biomaterials. Magnesium alloy-enriched biomaterials have not yet been applied in oral implantology. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate biological properties of potentially new bovine xenogeneic biomaterial enriched with magnesium alloy in a 5 mm CSBD model. Osteoconductive properties of Cerabone®, Cerabone® + Al. bone, and OsteoBiol® were also analyzed. Dynamics of bone healing was followed up on the days 3, 7, 15, 21, and 30. Calvary bone samples were analyzed by micro-CT, and values of the bone morphometric parameters were assessed. Bone samples were further processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Histological observation revealed CSBD closure at day 30 of the given xenogeneic biomaterial groups, with the exception of the control group. TNF-α showed high intensity of expression at the sites of MSC clusters that underwent ossification. Osx was expressed in pre-osteoblasts, which were differentiated into mature osteoblasts and osteocytes. Results of the micro-CT analyses showed linear increase in bone volume of all xenogeneic biomaterial groups and also in the control. The highest average values of bone volume were found for the Cerabone® + Mg group. In addition, less residual biomaterial was estimated in the Cerabone® + Mg group than in the Cerabone® group, indicating its better biodegradation during CSBD healing. Overall, the magnesium alloy xenogeneic biomaterial demonstrated key properties of osteoinduction and biodegradidibility during CSBD healing, which is the reason why it should be recommended for application in clinical practice of oral implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanja Zoričić Cvek
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (A.T.J.R.); (S.Z.C.)
| | - Matej Tomas
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Igor Erjavec
- Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Željka Perić Kačarević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathology Anatomy and Pathology Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Olga Cvijanović Peloza
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (A.T.J.R.); (S.Z.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-91-8998-421
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17
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Chen CM, Chen SM, Lin SF, Liang HC, Wu CC. Clinical Efficacy of Polycaprolactone β-Calcium Triphosphate Composite for Osteoconduction in Rabbit Bone Defect Model. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152552. [PMID: 34372155 PMCID: PMC8348636 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with polycaprolactone (PCL) has been considered a promising strategy for designing scaffolds for bone grafting. This study incorporated PCL with commercially available β-TCP (OsteoceraTM) to fabricate an injectable bone substitute and evaluate the effect of PCL on compressive strength and setting time of the hydraulic cement. The mechanical testing was compliant with the ASTM D695 and ASTM C191-13 standards. Results showed that PCL-TCP composite presented a well-defined architecture with uniform pore distribution and a significant increase in compressive strength compared with β-TCP alone. Eighteen rabbits, each with two surgically created bone defects, were treated using the PCL-TCP composites. The composite materials were resorbed and replaced by newly formed bone tissue. Both PCL-TCP and β-TCP demonstrated equivalent clinical effects on osteoconduction property in terms of the percentage of newly formed bone area measured by histomorphometric analysis. PCL-TCP was proven to be as effective as the commercially available β-TCP scaffold (OsteoceraTM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Shen-Mao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Shiou-Fu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Chien Liang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (S.-M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Iezzi G, Scarano A, Valbonetti L, Mazzoni S, Furlani M, Mangano C, Muttini A, Raspanti M, Barboni B, Piattelli A, Giuliani A. Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials: Stem Cell-Derived Osteoinduction or In Vivo Osteoconduction? Novel Insights in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by Advanced Imaging. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14092159. [PMID: 33922799 PMCID: PMC8122985 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maxillary sinus augmentation is often necessary prior to implantology procedure, in particular in cases of atrophic posterior maxilla. In this context, bone substitute biomaterials made of biphasic calcium phosphates, produced by three-dimensional additive manufacturing were shown to be highly biocompatible with an efficient osteoconductivity, especially when combined with cell-based tissue engineering. Thus, in the present research, osteoinduction and osteoconduction properties of biphasic calcium-phosphate constructs made by direct rapid prototyping and engineered with ovine-derived amniotic epithelial cells or amniotic fluid cells were evaluated. More in details, this preclinical study was performed using adult sheep targeted to receive scaffold alone (CTR), oAFSMC, or oAEC engineered constructs. The grafted sinuses were explanted at 90 days and a cross-linked experimental approach based on Synchrotron Radiation microCT and histology analysis was performed on the complete set of samples. The study, performed taking into account the distance from native surrounding bone, demonstrated that no significant differences occurred in bone regeneration between oAEC-, oAFMSC-cultured, and Ctr samples and that there was a predominant action of the osteoconduction versus the stem cells osteo-induction. Indeed, it was proven that the newly formed bone amount and distribution decreased from the side of contact scaffold/native bone toward the bulk of the scaffold itself, with almost constant values of morphometric descriptors in volumes more than 1 mm from the border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy; (G.I.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy; (G.I.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (L.V.); (A.M.); (B.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzoni
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy; (S.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy; (S.M.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Aurelio Muttini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (L.V.); (A.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Mario Raspanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, VA, Italy;
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (L.V.); (A.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy; (G.I.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città S. Angelo, PE, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena del Dott. L. Petruzzi, 65013 Città S. Angelo, PE, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy; (S.M.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0712204603
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Kawata T, Goto K, Imamura M, Okuzu Y, Kawai T, Kuroda Y, Matsuda S. Titania-Containing Bone Cement Shows Excellent Osteoconductivity in a Synovial Fluid Environment and Bone-Bonding Strength in Osteoporosis. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14051110. [PMID: 33673515 PMCID: PMC7956823 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titania bone cement (TBC) reportedly has excellent in vivo bioactivity, yet its osteoconductivity in synovial fluid environments and bone-bonding ability in osteoporosis have not previously been investigated. We aimed to compare the osteoconductivity of two types of cement in a synovial fluid environment and determine their bone-bonding ability in osteoporosis. We implanted TBC and commercial polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (PBC) into rabbit femoral condyles and exposed them to synovial fluid pressure. Rabbits were then euthanized at 6, 12, and 26 weeks, and affinity indices were measured to evaluate osteoconductivity. We generated a rabbit model of osteoporosis through bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) and an 8-week treatment with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (PSL). Pre-hardened TBC and PBC were implanted into the femoral diaphysis of the rabbits in the sham control and OVX + PSL groups. Affinity indices were significantly higher for TBC than for PBC at 12 weeks (40.9 ± 16.8% versus 24.5 ± 9.02%) and 26 weeks (40.2 ± 12.7% versus 21.2 ± 14.2%). The interfacial shear strength was significantly higher for TBC than for PBC at 6 weeks (3.69 ± 1.89 N/mm2 versus 1.71 ± 1.23 N/mm2) in the OVX + PSL group. These results indicate that TBC is a promising bioactive bone cement for prosthesis fixation in total knee arthroplasty, especially for osteoporosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotoshi Kawata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (M.I.); (Y.O.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Koji Goto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (M.I.); (Y.O.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-751-3366
| | - Masashi Imamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (M.I.); (Y.O.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
- Medical Device Development Division, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, LTD, Osaka 550-0002, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Okuzu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (M.I.); (Y.O.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Toshiyuki Kawai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (M.I.); (Y.O.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Yutaka Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (M.I.); (Y.O.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (M.I.); (Y.O.); (T.K.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
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20
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Kawaguchi M, Segawa A, Shintani K, Nakamura Y, Ishigaki Y, Yonezawa K, Sasamoto T, Kaneuji A, Kawahara N. Bone formation at Ti-6Al-7Nb scaffolds consisting of 3D honeycomb frame and diamond-like carbon coating implanted into the femur of beagles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1283-1291. [PMID: 33427407 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated Ti-6Al-7Nb bone scaffolds with 5 mm diameter and 20 mm length comprise of a three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb frame structure of truncated octahedra created by selective laser sintering 3D printing. The honeycomb frame was then coated with 0.1 μm thick diamond-like carbon (DLC) to increase biocompatibility. A round rod of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy (ASTM F1295) was as a control material. They were implanted into the femur bones of beagles to evaluate bone morphometrics and to investigate changes in the transcriptome of the new bone tissue using DNA microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the present report, the 3D honeycomb material with and without DLC film consisting of a-C:H is referred to as 3D_a-C:H and 3D_non, respectively. At 3 weeks after implantation, the 3D_non had more contact between the new and artificial bones compared with the control, and the 3D_a-C:H had more contact between the new and artificial bones compared with the control and 3D_non. Furthermore, 3D_a-C:H showed even more new bone compared with the control and 3D_non. At 8 weeks after implantation, more appeared lamellar bone with the 3D_a-C:H implant than those with the control and 3D_non. The real-time PCR results at 1 week of implantation revealed higher expression levels of VEGF, RANKL, and NOTCH2 expression with 3D_a-C:H than with 3D_non and control. As a result of real-time PCR at 2 weeks of implantation, OPN and CTSK expressions were found to be higher with 3D_a-C:H and 3D_non than that with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ayumu Segawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shintani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kaneuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Norio Kawahara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
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21
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Ghayor C, Chen TH, Bhattacharya I, Özcan M, Weber FE. Microporosities in 3D-Printed Tricalcium-Phosphate-Based Bone Substitutes Enhance Osteoconduction and Affect Osteoclastic Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9270. [PMID: 33291724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is a key technology required to realize the production of a personalized bone substitute that exactly meets a patient’s need and fills a patient-specific bone defect. Additive manufacturing can optimize the inner architecture of the scaffold for osteoconduction, allowing fast and reliable defect bridging by promoting rapid growth of new bone tissue into the scaffold. The role of scaffold microporosity/nanoarchitecture in osteoconduction remains elusive. To elucidate this relationship, we produced lithography-based osteoconductive scaffolds from tricalcium phosphate (TCP) with identical macro- and microarchitecture, but varied their nanoarchitecture/microporosity by ranging maximum sintering temperatures from 1000 °C to 1200 °C. After characterization of the different scaffolds’ microporosity, compression strength, and nanoarchitecture, we performed in vivo studies that showed that ingrowth of bone as an indicator of osteoconduction significantly decreased with decreasing microporosity. Moreover, at the 1200 °C peak sinter temperature and lowest microporosity, osteoclastic degradation of the material was inhibited. Thus, even for wide-open porous TCP-based scaffolds, a high degree of microporosity appears to be essential for optimal osteoconduction and creeping substitution, which can prevent non-unions, the major complication during bone regeneration procedures.
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22
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Rothe R, Hauser S, Neuber C, Laube M, Schulze S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant Drug-Assisted Bone Healing: Advances and Challenges in Drug Delivery Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E428. [PMID: 32384753 PMCID: PMC7284517 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects of critical size after compound fractures, infections, or tumor resections are a challenge in treatment. Particularly, this applies to bone defects in patients with impaired bone healing due to frequently occurring metabolic diseases (above all diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis), chronic inflammation, and cancer. Adjuvant therapeutic agents such as recombinant growth factors, lipid mediators, antibiotics, antiphlogistics, and proangiogenics as well as other promising anti-resorptive and anabolic molecules contribute to improving bone healing in these disorders, especially when they are released in a targeted and controlled manner during crucial bone healing phases. In this regard, the development of smart biocompatible and biostable polymers such as implant coatings, scaffolds, or particle-based materials for drug release is crucial. Innovative chemical, physico- and biochemical approaches for controlled tailor-made degradation or the stimulus-responsive release of substances from these materials, and more, are advantageous. In this review, we discuss current developments, progress, but also pitfalls and setbacks of such approaches in supporting or controlling bone healing. The focus is on the critical evaluation of recent preclinical studies investigating different carrier systems, dual- or co-delivery systems as well as triggered- or targeted delivery systems for release of a panoply of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.S.); (S.R.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.S.); (S.R.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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23
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George MN, Liu X, Miller AL, Xu H, Lu L. Phosphate functionalization and enzymatic calcium mineralization synergistically enhance oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] hydrogel osteoconductivity for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:515-527. [PMID: 31702863 PMCID: PMC7224962 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A current approach in bone tissue engineering is the implantation of polymeric scaffolds that promote osteoblast attachment and growth as well as biomineralization. One promising polymer is oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF), a polyethylene glycol-based material that is biocompatible, injectable, and biodegradable, but in its native form does not support robust bone cell attachment or growth. To address this issue, this study evaluated the osteoconductivity of bis[02-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BP) functionalized OPF hydrogels (OPF-BP) using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells, both before and after enzymatic mineralization with a calcium solution. The inclusion of negatively charged functional groups allowed for the tailored uptake and release of calcium, while also altering the mechanical properties and surface topography of the hydrogel surface. In cell culture, OPF-BP hydrogels with 20 and 30% (w/w) BP optimized osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation after a 21-day in vitro period. In addition, the OPF-BP30 treatment, when mineralized with calcium, exhibited a 128% increase in osteocalcin expression when compared with the non-mineralized treatment. These findings suggest that phosphate functionalization and enzymatic calcium mineralization can act synergistically to enhance the osteoconductivity of OPF hydrogels, making this processed material an attractive candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. George
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - A. Lee Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haocheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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24
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Bolaños RV, Castilho M, de Grauw J, Cokelaere S, Plomp S, Groll J, van Weeren PR, Gbureck U, Malda J. Long-Term in Vivo Performance of Low-Temperature 3D-Printed Bioceramics in an Equine Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1681-1689. [PMID: 33455387 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone has great self-healing capacity, but above a certain critical size, bone defects will not heal spontaneously, requiring intervention to achieve full healing. Among the synthetic calcium phosphate (CaP) bone replacement materials, brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O)-based materials are of particular interest because of their degree of solubility and the related high potential to promote bone regeneration after dissolution. They can be produced tailor-made using modern three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Although this type of implant has been widely tested in vitro, there are only limited in vivo data and less so in a relevant large animal model. In this study, material properties of a 3D-printed brushite-based scaffold are characterized, after which the material is tested by in vivo orthotopic implantation in the equine tuber coxae for 6 months. The implantation procedure was easy to perform and was well tolerated by the animals, which showed no detectable signs of discomfort. In vitro tests showed that compressive strength along the vertical axis of densely printed material was around 13 MPa, which was reduced to approximately 8 MPa in the cylindrical porous implant. In vivo, approximately 40% of the visible volume of the implants was degraded after 6 months and replaced by bone, showing the capacity to stimulate new bone formation. Histologically, ample bone ingrowth was observed. In contrast, empty defects were filled with fibrous tissue only, confirming the material's osteoconductive capacity. It is concluded that this study provides proof that the 3D-printed brushite implants were able to promote new bone growth after 6 months' implantation in a large animal model and that the new equine tuber coxae bone model that was used is a promising tool for bone regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vindas Bolaños
- Cátedra de Cirugı́a de Especies Mayores, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Avenida 1, Calle 9, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janny de Grauw
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Cokelaere
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Plomp
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - P René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Sakemi Y, Hayashi K, Tsuchiya A, Nakashima Y, Ishikawa K. Fabrication and Histological Evaluation of Porous Carbonate Apatite Block from Gypsum Block Containing Spherical Phenol Resin as a Porogen. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3997. [PMID: 31810192 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The utility of carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) as a bone substitute has been demonstrated. The feasibility of fabricating macroporous CO3Ap was evaluated through a two-step dissolution–precipitation reaction using gypsum as the precursor and spherical phenol resin as the porogen. Porogen-containing gypsum was heated to burn out the porogen and to fabricate macroporous structures. Gypsum transformed into CaCO3 upon immersion in a sodium carbonate solution, while maintaining its macroporous structure. Next, CaCO3 transformed into CO3Ap upon immersion in a Na2HPO4 solution while maintaining its macroporous structure. The utility of the macroporous CO3Ap for histologically reconstructing bone defects was evaluated in rabbit femurs. After 4 weeks, a much larger bone was formed inside the macroporous CO3Ap than that inside non-macroporous CO3Ap and macroporous hydroxyapatite (HAp). A larger amount of bone was observed inside non-macroporous CO3Ap than inside macroporous HAp. The bone defects were completely reconstructed within 12 weeks using macroporous CO3Ap. In conclusion, macroporous CO3Ap has good potential as an ideal bone substitute.
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26
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De Carvalho B, Rompen E, Lecloux G, Schupbach P, Dory E, Art JF, Lambert F. Effect of Sintering on In Vivo Biological Performance of Chemically Deproteinized Bovine Hydroxyapatite. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12233946. [PMID: 31795201 PMCID: PMC6926783 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the manufacturing process on physicochemical properties and biological performance of xenogenic biomaterials has been extensively studied, but its quantification on bone-to-material contact remains poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different heat treatments of an experimental chemically-deproteinized bovine hydroxyapatite in vivo in terms of new bone formation and osteoconductivity. Protein-free hydroxyapatite from bovine origin was produced under sub-critical conditions and then either sintered at 820 °C or 1200 °C. Structural and morphological properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), measurement of surface area and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The materials were then implanted in standardized alveolar bone defects in minipigs and histomorphometric evaluations were performed using non-decalcified sections. Marked topographical differences were observed by SEM analysis. As the sintering temperature of the experimental material increased, the surface area significantly decreased while crystallite size increased. In vivo samples showed that the highly sintered BHA presented a significantly lower percentage of newly formed bone than the unheated one (p = 0.009). In addition, the percentage of bone-to-material contact (BMC) was significantly lowered in the highly sintered group when compared to the unsintered (p = 0.01) and 820 °C sintered (p = 0.02) groups. Non-sintered or sintered at 820 °C BHA seems to maintain a certain surface roughness allowing better bone regeneration and BMC. On the contrary, sintering of BHA at 1200 °C has an effect on its morphological and structural characteristics and significantly modify its biological performance (osteoconductivity) and crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno De Carvalho
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.D.C.); (E.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Eric Rompen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.D.C.); (E.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Geoffrey Lecloux
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.D.C.); (E.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Peter Schupbach
- Adjunct Professor, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 1120, USA;
| | - Emilie Dory
- Department of Biomaterials, WishBone SA, 4000, Liège, Belgium; (E.D.); (J.-F.A.)
| | - Jean-François Art
- Department of Biomaterials, WishBone SA, 4000, Liège, Belgium; (E.D.); (J.-F.A.)
| | - France Lambert
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.D.C.); (E.R.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Abstract
Bone regeneration procedures in clinics and bone tissue engineering stand on three pillars: osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and stem cells. In the last two decades, the focus in this field has been on osteoinduction, which is realized by the use of bone morphogenetic proteins and the application of mesenchymal stem cells to treat bone defects. However, osteoconduction was reduced to a surface phenomenon because the supposedly ideal pore size of osteoconductive scaffolds was identified in the 1990s as 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter, forcing bone formation to occur predominantly on the surface. Meanwhile, additive manufacturing has evolved as a new tool to realize designed microarchitectures in bone substitutes, thereby enabling us to study osteoconduction as a true three-dimensional phenomenon. Moreover, by additive manufacturing, wide-open porous scaffolds can be produced in which bone formation occurs distant to the surface at a superior bony defect-bridging rate enabled by highly osteoconductive pores 1.2 mm in diameter. This review provides a historical overview and an updated definition of osteoconduction and related terms. In addition, it shows how additive manufacturing can be instrumental in studying and optimizing osteoconduction of bone substitutes, and provides novel optimized features and boundaries of osteoconductive microarchitectures. Impact Statement This review updates the definition of osteoconduction and draws clear lines to discriminate between osteoconduction, osseointegration, and osteoinduction. Moreover, additively manufactured libraries of scaffolds revealed that: osteoconduction is more a three-dimensional than a surface phenomenon; microarchitecture dictates defect bridging, which is the measure for osteoconduction; pore diameter or the diagonal of lattice microarchitectures of osteoconductive bone substitutes should be ∼1.2 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Pistone A, Celesti C, Piperopoulos E, Ashok D, Cembran A, Tricoli A, Nisbet D. Engineering of Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite-Magnetite Hierarchical Scaffolds for Guided Bone Growth. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12142321. [PMID: 31330857 PMCID: PMC6678855 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioabsorbable materials have received increasing attention as innovative systems for the development of osteoconductive biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. In this paper, chitosan-based composites were synthesized adding hydroxyapatite and/or magnetite in a chitosan matrix by in situ precipitation technique. Composites were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro cell culture studies. Hydroxyapatite and magnetite were found to be homogeneously dispersed in the chitosan matrix and the composites showed superior biocompatibility and the ability to support cell attachment and proliferation; in particular, the chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite composite (CS/HA/MGN) demonstrated superior bioactivity with respect to pure chitosan (CS) and to the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pistone
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Consuelo Celesti
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Elpida Piperopoulos
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Deepu Ashok
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Arianna Cembran
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Electrical and Energy Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - David Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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29
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Abstract
In the present study, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the biomaterials and their effectiveness for bone augmentation in implant dentistry. The databases of Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information), and Scopus were searched for published studies between 2006 and March 30, 2018. We only included clinical studies in this research. Due to a lack of quantitative evidence and the vast heterogeneity of the biomaterials, implant surgery sites, implant types, follow-up periods, and various implant placement techniques (1-stage or 2-stage), we could not manage to do a meta-analysis on the 13 included studies. Several techniques can result in vertical bone augmentation. Complications can be seen in vertical bone augmentation and especially in the autogenous bone grafting; however, some biomaterials showed promising results to be practical substitutes for autogenous bone. Bio-Oss and beta-tricalcium phosphate are our second-level candidates for vertical bone augmentation due to their promising clinical results with the least infection and immunologic response risk. The gold standard, however, remains the autogenous bone graft. Further clinical studies in the future with exact report of bone measures are needed to develop new comparisons and quantitative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Shamsoddin
- Student, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Houshmand
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Golabgiran
- Private Practitioner, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Chen TH, Ghayor C, Siegenthaler B, Schuler F, Rüegg J, De Wild M, Weber FE. Lattice Microarchitecture for Bone Tissue Engineering from Calcium Phosphate Compared to Titanium. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1554-1561. [PMID: 29999466 PMCID: PMC6198759 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of bone tissue engineering scaffolds will become a key element for personalized bone tissue engineering in the near future. Several additive manufacturing processes are based on extrusion where the deposition of the filament will result in a three-dimensional lattice structure. Recently, we studied diverse lattice structures for bone tissue engineering realized by laser sintering of titanium. In this work, we used lithography-based ceramic manufacturing of lattice structures to produce scaffolds from tricalcium phosphates (TCP) and compared them in vivo to congruent titanium scaffolds manufactured with the identical computer-aided design data to look for material-based differences in bony healing. The results show that, during a 4-week period in a noncritical-size defect in a rabbit calvarium, both scaffolds with the identical microarchitecture performed equally well in terms of bony regeneration and bony bridging of the defect. A significant increase in both parameters could only be achieved when the TCP-based scaffolds were doped with bone morphogenetic protein-2. In a critical-size defect in the calvarial bone of rabbits, however, the titanium scaffold performed significantly better than the TCP-based scaffold, most likely due to its higher mechanical stability. We conclude that titanium and TCP-based scaffolds of the same microarchitecture perform equally well in terms of bone regeneration, provided the microarchitecture meets the mechanical demand at the site of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Hsiang Chen
- 1 Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- 1 Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Siegenthaler
- 1 Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schuler
- 2 School of Life Sciences, Institute for Medical and Analytical Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Rüegg
- 2 School of Life Sciences, Institute for Medical and Analytical Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Michael De Wild
- 2 School of Life Sciences, Institute for Medical and Analytical Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- 1 Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland .,3 CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland .,4 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Tham T, Roberts K, Shanahan J, Burban J, Costantino P. Analysis of bone healing with a novel bone wax substitute compared with bone wax in a porcine bone defect model. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO326. [PMID: 30271614 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This pilot study describes a novel composite of hydroxyapatite and biodegradable polylactic acid with wax-like handling properties (BoneSeal®). The goal was to compare quantitative measures of bone healing between BoneSeal versus Bone wax. Materials & methods: BoneSeal and Bone wax were introduced into separate defects of a single porcine specimen. After 6 weeks, the defect sites were harvested for analysis. Results: Both groups had similar hemostatic action. The amount of new bone was significantly greater at 6 weeks in the BoneSeal group (38.05%) versus the Bone wax group (11.88%), p = 0.028. Conclusion: In this pilot study, BoneSeal had higher amounts of new bone formation compared with Bone wax. This small pilot study compares two materials, Bone wax and BoneSeal, which could be used in bone surgery. In bone surgery, there is a need for the materials to stop bleeding as well as have good bone healing capabilities. We investigated the bone healing characteristics of two different materials. We implanted these materials into the arm and leg bones of a single pig. After a period of 6 weeks, we investigated the sites of implantation. We found that implantation sites of BoneSeal had higher amounts of new bone formation.
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32
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Abstract
In the last three decades, all efforts in bone tissue engineering were driven by the dogma that the ideal pore size in bone substitutes lies between 0.3 and 0.5 mm in diameter. Newly developed additive manufacturing methodologies for ceramics facilitate the total control over pore size, pore distribution, bottleneck size, and bottleneck distribution. Therefore, this appears to be the method of choice with which to test the aforementioned characteristics of an ideal bone substitute. To this end, we produced a library of 15 scaffolds with diverse defined pore/bottleneck dimensions and distributions, tested them in vivo in a calvarial bone defect model in rabbits, and assessed the clinically most relevant parameters: defect bridging and bony regenerated area. Our in vivo data revealed that the ideal pore/bottleneck dimension for bone substitutes is in the range of 0.7-1.2 mm, and appears therefore to be twofold to fourfold more extended than previously thought. Pore/bottleneck dimensions of 1.5 and 1.7 mm perform significantly worse and appear unsuitable in bone substitutes. Thus, our results set the ideal range of pore/bottleneck dimensions and are likely to have a significant impact on the microarchitectural design of future bone substitutes for use in orthopedic, trauma, cranio-maxillofacial and oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Olthof MGL, Tryfonidou MA, Liu X, Pouran B, Meij BP, Dhert WJA, Yaszemski MJ, Lu L, Alblas J, Kempen DHR. Phosphate Functional Groups Improve Oligo[(Polyethylene Glycol) Fumarate] Osteoconduction and BMP-2 Osteoinductive Efficacy. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:819-829. [PMID: 29065776 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-the-shelf availability in large quantities, drug delivery functionality, and modifiable chemistry and mechanical properties make synthetic polymers highly suitable candidates for bone grafting. However, most synthetic polymers lack the ability to support cell attachment, proliferation, migration, and differentiation, and ultimately tissue formation. Incorporating anionic peptides into the polymer that mimics acidic proteins, which contribute to biomineralization and cellular attachment, could enhance bone formation. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of a phosphate functional group on osteoconductivity and BMP-2-induced bone formation in an injectable and biodegradable oligo[(polyethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF) hydrogel. Three types of OPF hydrogels were fabricated using 0%, 20%, or 40% Bis(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl) phosphate creating unmodified OPF-noBP and phosphate-modified OPF-BP20 and OPF-BP40, respectively. To account for the osteoinductive effect of various BMP-2 release profiles, two different release profiles (i.e., different ratios of burst and sustained release) were obtained by varying the BMP-2 loading method. To investigate the osteoconductive effect of phosphate modification, unloaded OPF composites were assessed for bone formation in a bone defect model after 3, 6, and 9 weeks. To determine the effect of the hydrogel phosphate modification on BMP-2-induced bone formation, BMP-2 loaded OPF composites with differential BMP-2 release were analyzed after 9 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in rats. The phosphate-modified OPF hydrogels (OPF-BP20 and OPF-BP40) generated significantly more bone in an orthotopic defect compared to the unmodified hydrogel (OPF-noBP). Furthermore, the phosphate functionalized surface-enhanced BMP-2-induced ectopic bone formation regardless of the BMP-2 release profile. In conclusion, this study clearly shows that phosphate functional groups improve the osteoconductive properties of OPF and enhanced BMP-2-induced bone formation. Therefore, functionalizing hydrogels with phosphate groups by crosslinking monomers into the hydrogel matrix could provide a valuable method for improving polymer characteristics and holds great promise for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits G L Olthof
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota.,4 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- 4 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xifeng Liu
- 2 Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Behdad Pouran
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands .,5 Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) , Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Björn P Meij
- 4 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J A Dhert
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands .,4 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Yaszemski
- 2 Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lichun Lu
- 2 Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik H R Kempen
- 6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Abstract
Synthetic biomaterials submitted to new structural technologies have become ideal for the recovery of traumatized bone tissues and some bone substitutes such as bioactive glass, β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are being used in areas of tissue defects. For this study, ACP was produced in the form of fibers and then submitted to cytotoxicity testing. A sample of ACP was inserted into the mandibular region of a patient with a lost implant so after removal and curettage, the remaining bone site was filled with the ACP biomaterial. Preliminary cytotoxicity test was negative. After 15 weeks of healing, a titanium implant was inserted at the site. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was conducted for 12 months and sequential radiographic analyses revealed tissue formation resembling spongy bone. Images under immunohistochemistry demonstrated efficient deposition and osteoconduction of the newly deposited tissue. Residual portion of the CaO:P2 O5 outer layers served as a substrate for osteoid matrix deposition, aiding growth, and the results of fiber absorption favored maturation of the new bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Allegrini
- Program of Science Dentistry, Ibirapuera University (UNIB), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos da Silva
- Materials Science and Technology Center, CCTM, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maristela Tsujita
- Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University (UNIP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Barbosa Salles
- Department of Health Sciences - School of Dentistry, 9 de Julho University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Post-Doc in Materials Engineering - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Sergio Alexandre Gehrke
- Department of Research, Biotecnos - Technology and Science, Montevideo, Uruguay. Director of International Dental Research Group, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco José Correa Braga
- Materials Science and Technology Center, CCTM, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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35
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Rh Owen G, Dard M, Larjava H. Hydoxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate biphasic ceramics as regenerative material for the repair of complex bone defects. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2493-2512. [PMID: 29266701 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a composite material composed of collagen and calcium phosphate (CaP) mineral. The collagen gives bone its flexibility while the inorganic material gives bone its resilience. The CaP in bone is similar in composition and structure to the mineral hydroxyapatite (HA) and is bioactive, osteoinductive and osteoconductive. Therefore synthetic versions of bone apatite (BA) have been developed to address the demand for autologous bone graft substitutes. Synthetic HA (s-HA) are stiff and strong, but brittle. These lack of physical attributes limit the use of synthetic apatites in situations where no physical loading of the apatite occurs. s-HA chemical properties differ from BA and thus change the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Consequently, s-HA is more chemically stable than BA and thus its resorption rate is slower than the rate of bone regeneration. One solution to this problem is to introduce a faster resorbing CaP, such as β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), when synthesizing the material creating a biphasic (s-HA and β-TCP) formulation of calcium phosphate (BCP). The focus of this review is to introduce the major differences between BCP and biological apatites and how material scientists have overcome the inadequacies of the synthetic counterparts. Examples of BCP performance in vitro and in vivo following structural and chemical modifications are provided as well as novel ultrastructural data. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2493-2512, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gethin Rh Owen
- Department of Oral, Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michel Dard
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Department of Oral, Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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36
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Salamanca E, Pan YH, Tsai AI, Lin PY, Lin CK, Huang HM, Teng NC, Wang PD, Chang WJ. Enhancement of Osteoblastic-Like Cell Activity by Glow Discharge Plasma Surface Modified Hydroxyapatite/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitute. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E1347. [PMID: 29168776 PMCID: PMC5744282 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glow discharge plasma (GDP) treatments of biomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) composites, produce surfaces with fewer contaminants and may facilitate cell attachment and enhance bone regeneration. Thus, in this study we used argon glow discharge plasma (Ar-GDP) treatments to modify HA/β-TCP particle surfaces and investigated the physical and chemical properties of the resulting particles (HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP). The HA/β-TCP particles were treated with GDP for 15 min in argon gas at room temperature under the following conditions: power: 80 W; frequency: 13.56 MHz; pressure: 100 mTorr. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed similar rough surfaces of HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP HA/β-TCP particles, and energy dispersive spectrometry analyses showed that HA/β-TCP surfaces had more contaminants than HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP surfaces. Ca/P mole ratios in HA/β-TCP and HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP were 1.34 and 1.58, respectively. Both biomaterials presented maximal intensities of X-ray diffraction patterns at 27° with 600 a.u. At 25° and 40°, HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP and HA/β-TCP particles had peaks of 200 a.u., which are similar to XRD intensities of human bone. In subsequent comparisons, MG-63 cell viability and differentiation into osteoblast-like cells were assessed on HA/β-TCP and HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP surfaces, and Ar-GDP treatments led to improved cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activities. The present data indicate that GDP surface treatment modified HA/β-TCP surfaces by eliminating contaminants, and the resulting graft material enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisner Salamanca
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Aileen I Tsai
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ying Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Kai Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Peter D Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei 235, Taiwan.
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Abstract
This review is focused on the use of membranes for the specific application of bone regeneration. The first section focuses on the relevance of membranes in this context and what are the specifications that they should possess to improve the regeneration of bone. Afterward, several techniques to engineer bone membranes by using "bulk"-like methods are discussed, where different parameters to induce bone formation are disclosed in a way to have desirable structural and functional properties. Subsequently, the production of nanostructured membranes using a bottom-up approach is discussed by highlighting the main advances in the field of bone regeneration. Primordial importance is given to the promotion of osteoconductive and osteoinductive capability during the membrane design. Whenever possible, the films prepared using different techniques are compared in terms of handability, bone guiding ability, osteoinductivity, adequate mechanical properties, or biodegradability. A last chapter contemplates membranes only composed by cells, disclosing their potential to regenerate bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G Caridade
- Department of Chemistry CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro , Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro , Aveiro, Portugal
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38
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Tuček L, Kočí Z, Kárová K, Doležalová H, Suchánek J. The Osteogenic Potential of Human Nondifferentiated and Pre-differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with an Osteoconductive Scaffold - Early Stage Healing. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2017; 60:12-18. [PMID: 28260604 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the huge research into stem cells and their regenerative properties for bone healing, there are still unanswered questions including the recipient's respond to the presence of the stem cells, the fate of stem cells inside the bone defect and the possible advantage in utilizing pre-differentiated cells. To address these problems, we used human multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), GMP Grade, in a rat model of bone formation. In a "bioreactor concept" approach seven Wistar rats were implanted with 0.2 g of synthetic bone scaffold seeded with 2 × 106 MSCs, seven Wistar rats were implanted with 0.2 g of synthetic bone scaffold seeded with 1 × 106 predifferentiated osteoblasts and 1 × 106 pre-differentiated endothelial cells and 14 Wistar rats were implanted with 0.2 g of synthetic bone scaffold without seeded cells into an intramuscular pocket on the left side of their back. The right side of each rat was used as a control, and 0.2 g of synthetic bone scaffold was implanted into the intramuscular pocket alone. To see the early stage healing the samples were harvested 14 days after the implantation, MSCs were detected by positive DAPI and MTCO2 staining in 43% of all the samples implanted with MSCs, and no inflammation signs were present in any implanted animal. New vessels could be found in both groups implanted with MSCs, but not in the control group of animals. However, hematoxylin-eosin staining could not detect newly created bone within the implant in any of the groups. These results were in line with COLL1 staining, where we could detect positive staining only in three cases, all of which were implanted with un-differentiated MSCs. According to our findings, there were no benefits of using the pre-differentiated of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luboš Tuček
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kočí
- Bioinova, Ltd, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Medicine ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kárová
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Medicine ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Doležalová
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Suchánek
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Li C, Kilpatrick CD, Smith S, Glettig DL, Glod DJ, Mallette J, Strunk MR, Chang J, Angle SR, Kaplan DL. Assessment of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone Marrow Aspirate From Human Calcaneus. J Foot Ankle Surg 2017; 56:42-46. [PMID: 27989346 PMCID: PMC5171217 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow aspirates (BMAs), owing to their innate osteogenic potential, are well-documented supplements to osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive materials. The calcaneal body provides foot and ankle surgeons a convenient harvest site with low morbidity and minimal cost. In the present study, we sought to identify and characterize multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in BMAs harvested from the human calcaneal body. Ten healthy patients aged 18 to 65 years were enrolled in the present study. BMAs were harvested from the patients without any reported postoperative complications related to the harvest. Cells isolated from all the aspirates were adherent to culture plates and expressed positive MSC surface markers (CD105, CD90, and CD73) and a low level of negative MSC markers (CD34 and CD45). The cells maintained the ability to proliferate and differentiate into cells of mesenchymal lineages. The BMAs from the human calcaneal body offer a healthy source of multipotent MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, US
| | - Cory D. Kilpatrick
- Department of Podiatric Surgery, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, US
| | - Shannon Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, US
| | - Dean L. Glettig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, US
| | - Douglas J. Glod
- Department of Podiatric Surgery, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, US
| | - Jason Mallette
- Department of Podiatric Surgery, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, US
| | | | | | | | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, US
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Abstract
The current strategies for healing bone defects are numerous and varied. At the core of each bone healing therapy is a biomimetic mechanism, which works to enhance bone growth. These range from porous scaffolds, bone mineral usage, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan substitutes to transplanted cell populations. Bone defects face a range of difficulty in their healing, given the composite of dense outer compact bone and blood-rich inner trabecular bone. As such, the tissue possesses a number of inherent characteristics, which may be clinically harnessed as promoters of bone healing. These include mechanical characteristics, mineral composition, native collagen content, and cellular fraction of bone. This review charts multiple biomimetic strategies to help heal bony defects in large and small osseous injury sites, with a special focus on cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Brett
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - John Flacco
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Charles Blackshear
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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Wang J, Wu D, Zhang Z, Li J, Shen Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhang ZY, Sun J. Biomimetically Ornamented Rapid Prototyping Fabrication of an Apatite-Collagen-Polycaprolactone Composite Construct with Nano-Micro-Macro Hierarchical Structure for Large Bone Defect Treatment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:26244-56. [PMID: 26551161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial-based bone graft substitute with favorable mechanical and biological properties could be used as an alternative to autograft for large defect treatment. Here, an apatite-collagen-polycaprolactone (Ap-Col-PCL) composite construct was developed with unique nano-micro-macro hierarchical architectures by combining rapid prototyping (RP) fabrication technology and a 3D functionalization strategy. Macroporous PCL framework was fabricated using RP technology, then functionalized by collagen incorporation and biomimetic deposition. Ap-Col-PCL composite construct was characterized with hierarchical architectures of a nanoscale (∼100 nm thickness and ∼1 μm length) platelike apatite coating on the microporous (126 ± 18 μm) collagen networks, which homogeneously filled the macroporous (∼1000 μm) PCL frameworks and possessed a favorable hydrophilic property and compressive modulus (68.75 ± 3.39 MPa) similar to that of cancellous bone. Moreover, in vitro cell culture assay and in vivo critical-sized bone defect implantation demonstrated that the Ap-Col-PCL construct could not only significantly increase the cell adhesion capability (2.0-fold) and promote faster cell proliferation but also successfully bridge the segmental long bone defect within 12 weeks with much more bone regeneration (5.2-fold), better osteointegration (7.2-fold), and a faster new bone deposition rate (2.9-fold). Our study demonstrated that biomimetically ornamented Ap-Col-PCL constructs exhibit a favorable mechanical property, more bone tissue ingrowth, and better osteointegration capability as an effective bone graft substitute for critical-sized bone defect treatment; meanwhile, it can also harness the advantages of RP technology, in particular, facilitating the customization of the shape and size of implants according to medical images during clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dingyu Wu
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China , 68 Jiang Chuan East Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhanzhao Zhang
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China , 68 Jiang Chuan East Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | | | | | - Zhenxing Wang
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China , 68 Jiang Chuan East Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China , 68 Jiang Chuan East Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China , 68 Jiang Chuan East Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
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Kokubo T, Yamaguchi S. Growth of Novel Ceramic Layers on Metals via Chemical and Heat Treatments for Inducing Various Biological Functions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:176. [PMID: 26579517 PMCID: PMC4621495 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present authors' systematic studies on growth of novel ceramic layers on Ti metal and its alloys by chemical and heat treatments for inducing bone-bonding bioactivity and some other biological functions are reviewed. Ti metal formed an apatite on its surface in a simulated body fluid, when heat-treated after exposure to strong acid solutions to form rutile surface layer, or to strong alkali solutions to form sodium titanate surface layer. Both types of Ti metal tightly bonded to the living bone. The alkali and heat treatment was applied to the surface Ti metal of an artificial hip joint and successfully used in the clinic since 2007. The acid and heat treatments was applied to porous Ti metal to induce osteoconductivity as well as osteoinductivity. The resulting product was successfully used in clinical trials for spinal fusion devices. For the Ti-based alloys, the alkali and heat treatment was little modified to form calcium titanate surface layer. Bone-growth promoting Mg, Sr, and Zn ions as well as the antibacterial Ag ion were successfully incorporated into the calcium titanate layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kokubo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University , Kasugai , Japan
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University , Kasugai , Japan
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Ao HY, Xie YT, Yang SB, Wu XD, Li K, Zheng XB, Tang TT. Covalently immobilised type I collagen facilitates osteoconduction and osseointegration of titanium coated implants. J Orthop Translat 2015; 5:16-25. [PMID: 30035071 PMCID: PMC5987008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Plasma-sprayed titanium coating (TC) with rough surfaces has been successfully applied in hip or knee prostheses. This study aimed to investigate the osteoconduction and osseointegration of Type I collagen covalently immobilised on TC (TC-AAC) compared with those of TC. Methods In vitro, the migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on TC and TC-AAC was observed by scanning electron microscopy and visualised fluorescent live/dead assay. In vivo, a rabbit model with femur condyle defect was employed, and implants of TC and TC-AAC were embedded into the femur condyles. Results Collagen immobilised on TC could promote hMSCs' migration into the porous structure of the TC. Micro computed tomography images showed that bone trabeculae were significantly more abundant around TC-AAC implants than around TC implants. Fluorescence micrographs indicated more active new-bone formation around implants in the TC-AAC group than in the TC group. The measurement of bone–implant contact on histological sections indicated significantly greater osteointegration around TC-AAC implants than around TC ones. Conclusion Immobilised Type I collagen could improve the osteoconduction and osseointegration of TC implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yong Ao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Tao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Bin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yan L, Jiang DM, Cao ZD, Wu J, Wang X, Wang ZL, Li YJ, Yi YF. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-induced chronic osteomyelitis with bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly amino acid loaded with rifapentine microspheres. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015. [PMID: 26213463 PMCID: PMC4509545 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s84486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the curative effect of bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly amino acid (BHA/PAA) as a carrier for poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-coated rifapentine microsphere (RPM) in the treatment of rabbit chronic osteomyelitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus. Methods RPM was prepared through an oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method, and RPM was combined with BHA/PAA to obtain drug-loaded, slow-releasing materials. Twenty-six New Zealand white rabbits were induced to establish the animal model of chronic osteomyelitis. After debridement, the animals were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): the experimental group (with RPM-loaded BHA/PAA), the control group (with BHA/PAA), and the blank group. The RPM-loaded BHA/PAA was evaluated for antibacterial activity, dynamics of drug release, and osteogenic ability through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results In vitro, RPM-loaded BHA/PAA released the antibiotics slowly, inhibiting the bacterial growth of S. aureus for up to 5 weeks. In vivo, at week 4, the bacterial colony count was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control and blank groups (P<0.01). At week 12, the chronic osteomyelitis was cured and the bone defect was repaired in the experimental group, whereas the infection and bone defect persisted in the control and blank groups. Conclusion In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that RPM-loaded BHA/PAA effectively cured S. aureus-induced chronic osteomyelitis. Therefore, BHA/PAA has potential value as a slow-releasing material in clinical setting. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal dosage for loading rifapentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian-Ming Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Dong Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Pediatric Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Long Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Fen Yi
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Kokubo T, Yamaguchi S. Bioactive titanate layers formed on titanium and its alloys by simple chemical and heat treatments. Open Biomed Eng J 2015; 9:29-41. [PMID: 25893014 PMCID: PMC4391211 DOI: 10.2174/1874120701509010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal general principles for obtaining bone-bonding bioactive metallic titanium, Ti metal was heat-treated after exposure to a solution with different pH. The material formed an apatite layer at its surface in simulated body fluid when heat-treated after exposure to a strong acid or alkali solution, because it formed a positively charged titanium oxide and negatively charged sodium titanate film on its surface, respectively. Such treated these Ti metals tightly bonded to living bone. Porous Ti metal heat-treated after exposure to an acidic solution exhibited not only osteoconductive, but also osteoinductive behavior. Porous Ti metal exposed to an alkaline solution also exhibits osteoconductivity as well as osteoinductivity, if it was subsequently subjected to acid and heat treatments. These acid and heat treatments were not effective for most Ti-based alloys. However, even those alloys exhibited apatite formation when they were subjected to acid and heat treatment after a NaOH treatment, since the alloying elements were removed from the surface by the latter. The NaOH and heat treatments were also not effective for Ti-Zr-Nb-Ta alloys. These alloys displayed apatite formation when subjected to CaCl2 treatment after NaOH treatment, forming Ca-deficient calcium titanate at their surfaces after subsequent heat and hot water treatments. The bioactive Ti metal subjected to NaOH and heat treatments has been clinically used as an artificial hip joint material in Japan since 2007. A porous Ti metal subjected to NaOH, HCl and heat treatments has successfully undergone clinical trials as a spinal fusion device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kokubo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-chow, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-chow, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan
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Ferreira LB, Bradaschia-Correa V, Moreira MM, Marques NDM, Arana-Chavez VE. Evaluation of bone repair of critical size defects treated with simvastatin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres in rat calvaria. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:965-76. [PMID: 25209881 DOI: 10.1177/0885328214550897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Statins are hypolipemiant drugs with osteoinductive effect. We evaluated the potential of simvastatin loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres to heal critical size defects in rat calvaria. METHODS PLGA scaffolds (50:50 ratio) were synthesized as pure membranes or as microspheres loaded with 2.5% simvastatin. Critical size defects (5-mm diameter) were created in the parietal bone of 3-month-old male Wistar rats; they were either left filled with blood clot (C group), covered with a PLGA membrane (M group) or with PLGA microspheres loaded with simvastatin (MSI group) or not (MM group), and then covered with the PLGA membrane. The defects were evaluated after 30 or 60 days by light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry for osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteoadherin (OSAD), and immunocytochemistry for OPN. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy showed that the calvarial defects treated with MSI were almost completely healed after 60 days, while groups M and C presented less bone formation, whereas the bone matrix formed into the defects of MSI group was more organized and mature. The immunolabeling for OPN and BSP on the matrix in groups C and M showed typical areas of primary bone unlike the MSI that presented weak labeling at the formed area. In the MSI group, there was an intense immunostaining for OSAD in osteoid, as well as in osteocyte cytoplasm. The immunocytochemistry showed intense labeling for OPN with homogeneous distribution in the interfibrillar spaces in all groups after 30 days and after 60 days; however, while C and M groups exhibited similar aspect, the MSI specimens showed weak labeling. The ultrastructural evaluation showed the interaction between the biomaterial and the surrounding tissue where some cells established intimate contact with microspheres. CONCLUSIONS The repair of critical size bone defects was accelerated and enhanced by the implantation of simvastatin-loaded PLGA microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine B Ferreira
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Bradaschia-Correa
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Moreira
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natasha D M Marques
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor E Arana-Chavez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Brockmeyer P, Lange K, Hahn W, Schliephake H, Matthias Gruber R. Increase of homogenous new bone formation using osteoinductive factor rhGDF-5 during sinus floor augmentation in Goettingen Minipigs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:1321-7. [PMID: 25039481 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that recombinant human growth and differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) induces an increased and homogenous distribution of new bone formation across the entire volume of sinus floor augmentation in 12 Goettingen Minipigs. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a randomized split-mouth design, one maxillary sinus was augmented with the bone substitute β-TCP, whereas a combination of β-TCP and the osteoinductive growth factor rhGDF-5 was used on the contralateral side. To evaluate the influence of dose and time on the effectiveness of the factor, two different concentrations of rhGDF-5 (400 μg and 800 μg) and healing periods (4 and 12 weeks) were each analysed. RESULTS After 4 weeks, a homogenous gradient of bone formation could be observed for all dosage groups, with decreasing bone density from the local bone towards the sinus membrane. Both test groups, however, achieved a higher total level of bone formation compared with the control group, which was only significant in the low-dose group (P = 0.0184). After 12 weeks, the influence of the growth factor significantly depends on the region (P = 0.023). In the low-dose group, the new bone formation did not differ significantly within the examined regions of the graft (P = 0.1118), suggesting a homogeneous bone formation over the entire augmentation. The gradient of the high-dose group was similar to the control group with a decrease of local bone development. CONCLUSIONS rhGDF-5 delivered on a β-TCP scaffold material leads to an increase in homogeneous new bone formation across the entire volume of the sinus floor augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Brockmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Lange
- Department of Medical Statistics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Matthias Gruber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Mouraret S, Houschyar KS, Hunter DJ, Smith AA, Jew OS, Girod S, Helms JA. Cell viability after osteotomy and bone harvesting: comparison of piezoelectric surgery and conventional bur. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43:966-71. [PMID: 24721169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the influence of a piezoelectric device versus a conventional bur on osteocyte viability and osteoblast and osteoclast activity using an in vivo mouse model. Osteotomies were created and bone grafts were harvested using either a conventional bur or a piezoelectric device; the resulting injuries and bone grafts were evaluated over an extended time-course using molecular and cellular assays for cell death (TUNEL assay), cell viability (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining), the onset of mineralization (alkaline phosphatase activity), and bone remodelling (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity). Osteotomies created with a piezoelectric device showed greater osteocyte viability and reduced cell death. Bone grafts harvested with a piezoelectric device exhibited greater short-term cell viability than those harvested with a bur, and exhibited slightly more new bone deposition and bone remodelling. The difference in response of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts to bone cutting via a bur and via a piezoelectric device is negligible in vivo. Given the improved visibility and the margin of safety afforded by a piezoelectric device, they are the instrument of choice when cutting or harvesting bone to preserve soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mouraret
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 7 - Denis, Diderot University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France
| | - K S Houschyar
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D J Hunter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A A Smith
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - O S Jew
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Girod
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Katuri KK, Kumar PJ, Swarna C, Swamy DN, Arun KV. Evaluation of bioactive glass and demineralized freeze dried bone allograft in the treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects: A comparative clinico-radiographic study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:367-72. [PMID: 24049339 PMCID: PMC3768189 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.115660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of demineralized freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and bioactive glass by clinically and radiographically in periodontal intrabony defects for a period of 12 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten systemically healthy patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, with radiographic evidence of at least a pair of contralateral vertical osseous defects were included in this study. Defect on one-side is treated with DFDBA and the other side with bioactive glass. Clinical and radiographic measurements were made at baseline 6 month and 12 month after the surgery. RESULTS Compared to baseline, the 12 month results indicated that both treatment modalities resulted in significant changes in all clinical parameters (gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic parameters (bone fill); P < 0.001*). However, sites treated with DFDBA exhibited statistically significantly more changes compared to the bioactive glass in probing depth reduction (2.5 ± 0.1 mm vs. 1.8 ± 0.1 mm) CAL gain 2.4 ± 0.1 mm versus 1.7 ± 0.2 mm; (P < 0.001*). At 12 months, sites treated with bioactive glass exhibited 56.99% bone fill and 64.76% bone fill for DFDBA sites, which is statistically significant (P < 0.05*). CONCLUSION After 12 months, there was a significant difference between the two materials with sites grafted with DFDBA showing better reduction in probing pocket depth, gain in CAL and a greater percentage of bone fill when compared to that of bioactive glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar Katuri
- Department of Periodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Knapen M, Gheldof D, Drion P, Layrolle P, Rompen E, Lambert F. Effect of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) on bone regeneration: a study in rabbits. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013; 17 Suppl 1:e143-52. [PMID: 24004245 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive effect of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) on osteogenesis has been widely described in vitro. However, clinical and preclinical studies are very little and controversial in demonstrating a significant beneficial effect of L-PRF in bone regeneration. PURPOSE The goal of the present study was to compare the potential effect of L-PRF in a standardized model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 72 hemispheres were implanted on the calvaria of 18 rabbits and filled with three different space fillers: L-PRF, bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA), BHA + L-PRF, and an empty hemisphere was used as control. Six rabbits were sacrificed at three distinct time points: 1 week, 5 weeks, and 12 weeks. Histological and histomorphometrical analyses were carried out. RESULTS At the early phase of bone regeneration (1 week), from a descriptive analysis, a higher proportion of connective tissue colonized the regeneration chamber in the two groups containing BHA particles. Nevertheless, no statistical differences were found within the four groups in terms of bone quantity and quality at each timepoint (p = .3623). CONCLUSIONS According to the present study, L-PRF does not seem to provide any additional effect on the kinetics, quality, and quantity of bone in the present model of guided bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Knapen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
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