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Bonalumi F, Crua C, Savina IN, Davies N, Habstesion A, Santini M, Fest-Santini S, Sandeman S. Bioengineering a cryogel-derived bioartificial liver using particle image velocimetry defined fluid dynamics. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111983. [PMID: 33812611 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioartificial Liver (BAL) devices are extracorporeal systems designed to support or recover hepatic function in patients with liver failure. The design of an effective BAL remains an open challenge since it requires a complex co-optimisation of cell colonisation, biomaterial scaffold and BAL fluid dynamics. Building on previous evidence of suitability as a blood perfusion device for detoxification, the current study investigated the use of RGD-containing p(HEMA)-alginate cryogels as BAL scaffolds. Cryogels were modified with alginate to reduce protein fouling and functionalised with an RGD-containing peptide to increase hepatocyte adhesion. A novel approach for characterisation of the internal flow through the porous matrix was developed by employing Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to visualise flow inside cryogels. Based on PIV results, which showed the laminar nature of flow inside cryogel pores, a multi-layered bioreactor composed of spaced cryogel discs was designed to improve blood/hepatocyte mass exchange. The stacked bioreactor showed a significantly higher production of albumin and urea compared to the column version, with improved cell colonisation and proliferation over time. The cell-free cryogel-based device was tested for safety in a bile-duct ligation model of liver cirrhosis. Thus, a stacked bioreactor prototype was developed based on a surface-engineered cryogel design with optimised fluid dynamics for BAL use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bonalumi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Crua
- Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Irina N Savina
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Davies
- The Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abeba Habstesion
- The Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Santini
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stephanie Fest-Santini
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Susan Sandeman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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2
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Shiekh PA, Andrabi SM, Singh A, Majumder S, Kumar A. Designing cryogels through cryostructuring of polymeric matrices for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems. Gels 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32927850 PMCID: PMC7559272 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of cryostructuring in polymeric systems, the techniques of the preparation of diverse cryogels and cryostructurates, the physico-chemical mechanisms of their formation, and the applied potential of these advanced polymer materials are all of high scientific and practical interest in many countries. This review article describes and discusses the results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences-one of the key centers, where such investigations are carried out. The review includes brief historical information, the description of the main effects and trends characteristic of the cryostructuring processes, the data on the morphological specifics inherent in the polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates, and examples of their implementation for solving certain applied tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Newland B, Varricchio C, Körner Y, Hoppe F, Taplan C, Newland H, Eigel D, Tornillo G, Pette D, Brancale A, Welzel PB, Seib FP, Werner C. Focal drug administration via heparin-containing cryogel microcarriers reduces cancer growth and metastasis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116504. [PMID: 32718615 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing drug delivery systems that release anticancer drugs in a controlled and sustained manner remains challenging. We hypothesized that highly sulfated heparin-based microcarriers would allow electrostatic drug binding and controlled release. In silico modelling showed that the anticancer drug doxorubicin has affinity for the heparin component of the microcarriers. Experimental results showed that the strong electrostatic interaction was reversible, allowing both doxorubicin loading and a subsequent slow release over 42 days without an initial burst release. The drug-loaded microcarriers were able to reduce cancer cell viability in vitro in both hormone-dependent and highly aggressive triple-negative human breast cancer cells. Focal drug treatment, of an in vivo orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer model significantly decreased tumor burden and reduced cancer metastasis, whereas systemic administration of an equivalent drug dose was ineffective. This study proves that heparin-based microcarriers can be used as drug delivery platforms, for focal delivery and sustained long-term drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Yvonne Körner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Hoppe
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Taplan
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Newland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitri Eigel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Dagmar Pette
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Petra B Welzel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK; EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Razavi M, Qiao Y, Thakor AS. Three-dimensional cryogels for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2736-2755. [PMID: 31408265 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cryogels are a subset of hydrogels synthesized under sub-zero temperatures: initially solvents undergo active freezing, which causes crystal formation, which is then followed by active melting to create interconnected supermacropores. Cryogels possess several attributes suited for their use as bioscaffolds, including physical resilience, bio-adaptability, and a macroporous architecture. Furthermore, their structure facilitates cellular migration, tissue-ingrowth, and diffusion of solutes, including nano- and micro-particle trafficking, into its supermacropores. Currently, subsets of cryogels made from both natural biopolymers such as gelatin, collagen, laminin, chitosan, silk fibroin, and agarose and/or synthetic biopolymers such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate, poly-vinyl alcohol, and poly(ethylene glycol) have been employed as 3D bioscaffolds. These cryogels have been used for different applications such as cartilage, bone, muscle, nerve, cardiovascular, and lung regeneration. Cryogels have also been used in wound healing, stem cell therapy, and diabetes cellular therapy. In this review, we summarize the synthesis protocol and properties of cryogels, evaluation techniques as well as current in vitro and in vivo cryogel applications. A discussion of the potential benefit of cryogels for future research and their application are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razavi
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Yang Qiao
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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García-Honduvilla N, Coca A, Ortega MA, Trejo C, Román J, Peña J, Cabañas MV, Vallet Regi M, Buján J. Improved connective integration of a degradable 3D-nano-apatite/agarose scaffold subcutaneously implanted in a rat model. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:741-752. [PMID: 30388385 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218810084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we evaluate the tissue response and tolerance to a designed 3D porous scaffold composed of nanocrystalline carbonate-hydroxyapatite and agarose as a preliminary step in bone repair and regeneration. These scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted into rats, which were sacrificed at different times. CD4+, CD8+ and ED1+ cells were evaluated as measurements of inflammatory reaction and tolerance. We observed some inflammatory response early after subcutaneous implantation. The 3D interconnected porosity increased scaffold integration via the formation of granulation tissue and the generation of a fibrous capsule around the scaffold. The capsule is initially formed by collagen which progressively invades the scaffold, creating a network that supports the settlement of connective tissue and generating a compact structure. The timing of the appearance of CD4+ and CD8+ cell populations is in agreement with the resolved inflammatory response. The appearance of macrophage activity evidences a slow and gradual degradation activity. Degradation started with the agarose component of the scaffold, but the nano-apatite was kept intact for up to 30 days. Therefore, this apatite/agarose scaffold showed a high capacity for integration by a connective network that stabilizes the scaffold and results in slow nano-apatite degradation. The fundamental properties of the scaffold would provide mechanical support and facilitate bone mobilization, which is of great importance in the masticatory system or large bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalio García-Honduvilla
- 1 Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,2 Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,3 Defense University Center of Military Central Academy (CUD-ACD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Coca
- 1 Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- 1 Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,2 Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cynthia Trejo
- 4 Research Group on Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (GICTIT), Laboratory of Research in Dentistry Almaraz, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Jesús Román
- 5 Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCM, Institute of Health Research Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Peña
- 5 Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCM, Institute of Health Research Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Cabañas
- 5 Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCM, Institute of Health Research Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Vallet Regi
- 2 Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,5 Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCM, Institute of Health Research Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- 1 Departments of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,2 Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Hixon KR, Lu T, Sell SA. A comprehensive review of cryogels and their roles in tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:29-41. [PMID: 28851666 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is fundamental in providing an appropriate environment for cell interaction and signaling to occur. Replicating such a matrix is advantageous in the support of tissue ingrowth and regeneration through the field of tissue engineering. While scaffolds can be fabricated in many ways, cryogels have recently become a popular approach due to their macroporous structure and durability. Produced through the crosslinking of gel precursors followed by a subsequent controlled freeze/thaw cycle, the resulting cryogel provides a unique, sponge-like structure. Therefore, cryogels have proven advantageous for many tissue engineering applications including roles in bioreactor systems, cell separation, and scaffolding. Specifically, the matrix has been demonstrated to encourage the production of various molecules, such as antibodies, and has also been used for cryopreservation. Cryogels can pose as a bioreactor for the expansion of cell lines, as well as a vehicle for cell separation. Lastly, this matrix has shown excellent potential as a tissue engineered scaffold, encouraging regrowth at numerous damaged tissue sites in vivo. This review will briefly discuss the fabrication of cryogels, with an emphasis placed on their application in various facets of tissue engineering to provide an overview of this unique scaffold's past and future roles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cryogels are unique scaffolds produced through the controlled freezing and thawing of a polymer solution. There is an ever-growing body of literature that demonstrates their applicability in the realm of tissue engineering as extracellular matrix analogue scaffolds; with extensive information having been provided regarding the fabrication, porosity, and mechanical integrity of the scaffolds. Additionally, cryogels have been reviewed with respect to their role in bioseparation and as cellular incubators. This all-inclusive view of the roles that cryogels can play is critical to advancing the technology and expanding its niche within biomaterials and tissue engineering research. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of cryogel applications in tissue engineering that includes specific looks at their growing roles as extracellular matrix analogues, incubators, and in bioseparation processes.
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Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to repair the damaged tissue by transplantation of cells or introducing bioactive factors in a biocompatible scaffold. In recent years, biodegradable polymer scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix have been developed to promote the cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. The biodegradable polymer scaffolds thus act as templates for tissue repair and regeneration. This article reviews the updated information regarding various types of natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers as well as their functions, physico-chemical properties, and degradation mechanisms in the development of biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, including their combination with 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Macroporous biohybrid cryogels for co-housing pancreatic islets with mesenchymal stromal cells. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:178-87. [PMID: 27506126 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intrahepatic transplantation of allogeneic pancreatic islets offers a promising therapy for type 1 diabetes. However, long-term insulin independency is often not achieved due to severe islet loss shortly after transplantation. To improve islet survival and function, extrahepatic biomaterial-assisted transplantation of pancreatic islets to alternative sites has been suggested. Herein, we present macroporous, star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)-heparin cryogel scaffolds, covalently modified with adhesion peptides, for the housing of pancreatic islets in three-dimensional (3D) co-culture with adherent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as accessory cells. The implantable biohybrid scaffolds provide efficient transport properties, mechanical protection, and a supportive extracellular environment as a desirable niche for the islets. MSC colonized the cryogel scaffolds and produced extracellular matrix proteins that are important components of the natural islet microenvironment known to facilitate matrix-cell interactions and to prevent cellular stress. Islets survived the seeding procedure into the cryogel scaffolds and secreted insulin after glucose stimulation in vitro. In a rodent model, intact islets and MSC could be visualized within the scaffolds seven days after subcutaneous transplantation. Overall, this demonstrates the potential of customized macroporous starPEG-heparin cryogel scaffolds in combination with MSC to serve as a multifunctional islet supportive carrier for transplantation applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes results in the insufficient production of insulin by the pancreatic β-cells in the islets of Langerhans. Transplantation of pancreatic islets offers valuable options for treating the disease; however, many transplanted islets often do not survive the transplantation or die shortly thereafter. Co-transplanted, supporting cells and biomaterials can be instrumental for improving islet survival, function and protection from the immune system. In the present study, islet supportive hydrogel sponges were explored for the co-transplantation of islets and mesenchymal stromal cells. Survival and continued function of the supported islets were demonstrated in vitro. The in vivo feasibility of the approach was shown by transplantation in a mouse model.
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Wu J, Li L, Wu X, Dai Q, Zhang R, Zhang Y. Characterization of Oat (Avena nuda L.) β-Glucan Cryogelation Process by Low-Field NMR. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:310-319. [PMID: 26653669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) is a useful method in studying the water distribution and mobility in heterogeneous systems. This technique was used to characterize water in an oat β-glucan aqueous system during cryogelation by repeated freeze-thaw treatments. The results indicated that microphase separation occurred during cryogelation, and three water components were determined in the cryostructure. The spin-spin relaxation time was analyzed on the basis of chemical exchange and diffusion exchange theory. The location of each water component was identified in the porous microstructure of the cryogel. The pore size measured from the SEM image is in accordance with that estimated from relaxation time. The formation of cryogel is confirmed by rheological method. The results suggested that the cryogelation process of the polysaccharide could be monitored by LF-NMR through the evolution of spin-spin relaxation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Dai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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Robust and versatile pectin-based drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:265-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ertürk G, Mattiasson B. Cryogels-versatile tools in bioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marras-Marquez T, Peña J, Veiga-Ochoa MD. Agarose drug delivery systems upgraded by surfactants inclusion: critical role of the pore architecture. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 103:359-68. [PMID: 24528741 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anionic or non-ionic surfactants have been introduced in agarose-based hydrogels aiming to tailor the release of drugs with different solubility. The release of a hydrophilic model drug, Theophylline, shows the predictable release enhancement that varies depending on the surfactant. However, when the hydrophobic Tolbutamide is considered, an unexpected retarded release is observed. This effect can be explained not only considering the interactions established between the drug loaded micelles and agarose but also to the alteration of the freeze-dried hydrogels microstructure. It has been observed that the modification of the porosity percentage as well as the pore size distribution during the lyophilization plays a critical role in the different phenomena that take place as soon as desiccated hydrogel is rehydrated. The possibility of tailoring the pore architecture as a function of the surfactant nature and percentage can be applied from drug control release to the widespread and growing applications of materials based on hydrogel matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Marras-Marquez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Peña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M D Veiga-Ochoa
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Macroporous Composite Cryogels with Embedded Polystyrene Divinylbenzene Microparticles for the Adsorption of Toxic Metabolites from Blood. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/348412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite monolithic adsorbents were prepared by the incorporation of neutral polystyrene divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) microparticles into macroporous polymer structures produced by cryogelation of agarose or poly(vinyl alcohol). The composite materials exhibited excellent flow-through properties. Scanning electron microscopy of the composite cryogels revealed that the microparticles were covered by thin films of poly(vinyl alcohol) or agarose and thus were withheld in the monolith structure. Plain PS-DVB microparticles showed efficient adsorption of albumin-bound toxins related to liver failure (bilirubin and cholic acid) and of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6). The rates of adsorption and the amount of adsorbed factors were lower for the embedded microparticles as compared to the parent PS-DVB microparticles, indicating the importance of the accessibility of the adsorbent pores. Still, the macroporous composite materials showed efficient adsorption of albumin-bound toxins related to liver failure as well as efficient binding of cytokines, combined with good blood compatibility. Thus, the incorporation of microparticles into macroporous polymer structures may provide an option for the development of adsorption modules for extracorporeal blood purification.
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17
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Henderson TMA, Ladewig K, Haylock DN, McLean KM, O'Connor AJ. Cryogels for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2682-2695. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Zhou D, Shen S, Yun J, Yao K, Lin DQ. Cryo-copolymerization preparation of dextran-hyaluronate based supermacroporous cryogel scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Front Chem Sci Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-012-1209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Welzel PB, Grimmer M, Renneberg C, Naujox L, Zschoche S, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Macroporous StarPEG-Heparin Cryogels. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2349-58. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300605s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra B. Welzel
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Milauscha Grimmer
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Renneberg
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Naujox
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Zschoche
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Say R, Biçen Ö, Yılmaz F, Hür D, Öziç R, Denizli A, Ersöz A. Novel protein photocrosslinking and cryopolymerization method for cryogel-based antibacterial material synthesis. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Petrenko YA, Ivanov RV, Petrenko AY, Lozinsky VI. Coupling of gelatin to inner surfaces of pore walls in spongy alginate-based scaffolds facilitates the adhesion, growth and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1529-1540. [PMID: 21526407 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel wide-pore scaffold for cell 3D culturing, based on the technology of freeze-drying of Ca-alginate and gelatin. Two different preparation methodologies were compared: (i) freeze-drying of Na-alginate + gelatin mixed solution followed by the incubation of dried polymer in saturated ethanolic solution of CaCl₂; (ii) freeze-drying of the Na-alginate solution followed by the chemical "activation" of polysaccharide core with divinylsulfone with subsequent gelatin covalent attachment to the inner surfaces of pore walls. The scaffolds produced using the first approach did not provide adhesion and proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Conversely, the second approach allowed to obtain scaffolds with a high adherence ability for the cells. When cultured within the latter type of scaffold, MSCs proliferated and were able to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic cell lineages, in response to specific induction stimuli. The results indicate that Ca-alginate wide-pore scaffolds with covalently attached gelatin could be useful for stem cell-based bone, cartilage and adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine NAS Ukraine, 23 Peryaslavskaya Str, 61015 Kharkov, Ukraine.
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22
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Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Schacht E. Biopolymer-based hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a review. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1387-408. [PMID: 21388145 DOI: 10.1021/bm200083n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1068] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are physically or chemically cross-linked polymer networks that are able to absorb large amounts of water. They can be classified into different categories depending on various parameters including the preparation method, the charge, and the mechanical and structural characteristics. The present review aims to give an overview of hydrogels based on natural polymers and their various applications in the field of tissue engineering. In a first part, relevant parameters describing different hydrogel properties and the strategies applied to finetune these characteristics will be described. In a second part, an important class of biopolymers that possess thermosensitive properties (UCST or LCST behavior) will be discussed. Another part of the review will be devoted to the application of cryogels. Finally, the most relevant biopolymer-based hydrogel systems, the different methods of preparation, as well as an in depth overview of the applications in the field of tissue engineering will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Tripathi A, Kumar A. Multi-Featured Macroporous Agarose-Alginate Cryogel: Synthesis and Characterization for Bioengineering Applications. Macromol Biosci 2010; 11:22-35. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Schacht E. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on the Rheological Properties of Gelatin Hydrogels. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911510377254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin has the ability to form a gel when cooled below the sol—gel temperature. In this study, the effects of various cryo-parameters, including the number of freeze—thaw cycles, cooling rate, thawing rate, and gelatin concentration, on the material properties were examined. The rheological properties of the cryogels improved with increasing cryo-cycles and decreasing cooling and thawing rates as well as were superior to those of the corresponding hydrogels formed at room temperature. In addition, the critical gelation concentration decreased after repeated cryo-treatments. Methacrylamide-modified gelatin was also treated cryogenically, followed by in situ UV irradiation to enable radical cross-linking. The cross-linking efficiency of specific gelatin concentrations improved with freeze—thawing. Cryogelation can be used to fine-tune the mechanical properties of hydrogels. This is of relevance to tissue engineering where porous gelatin hydrogels are used as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - P. Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - E. Schacht
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium,
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25
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Bloch K, Vanichkin A, Damshkaln LG, Lozinsky VI, Vardi P. Vascularization of wide pore agarose-gelatin cryogel scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:1200-5. [PMID: 19703598 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric scaffolds have been reported to promote angiogenesis, facilitating oxygen delivery; however, little is known about the effect of diabetes on the neo-vascularization of implanted polymeric scaffolds at subcutaneous (SC) sites. In this study we compare the effect of diabetes on scaffold vascularization following SC implantation into diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Wide pore agarose cryogel scaffolds with grafted gelatin were prepared by a two-step freezing procedure and subsequent thawing. The scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously into streptozoticin-induced diabetic mice and control, non-diabetic mice. The vascularization process was estimated using histological sections, in which endothelial cells were identified by Von Willebrand factor (vWF) and CD31 antigen staining and the pericyte layer was confirmed by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) visualization. Comparative analysis showed a similar thickness of fibrous capsules around the vascularized scaffolds in both diabetic and non-diabetic animals. Intensive staining for alpha-SMA indicated the formation of mature blood vessels in the surrounding fibrous capsule and tissue invading the scaffold area. No statistically significant differences in capillary density and area occupied by blood vessels were found between diabetic and non-diabetic mice. In conclusion, the present study shows no adverse effects of diabetes on new blood vessel formation in SC implanted agarose cryogel scaffolds with grafted gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bloch
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
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26
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Savina IN, Dainiak M, Jungvid H, Mikhalovsky SV, Galaev IY. Biomimetic macroporous hydrogels: protein ligand distribution and cell response to the ligand architecture in the scaffold. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2009; 20:1781-95. [PMID: 19723441 DOI: 10.1163/156856208x386390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous hydrogels (MHs), cryogels, are a new type of biomaterials for tissue engineering that can be produced from any natural or synthetic polymer that forms a gel. Synthetic MHs are rendered bioactive by surface or bulk modifications with extracellular matrix components. In this study, cell response to the architecture of protein ligands, bovine type-I collagen (CG) and human fibrinogen (Fg), immobilised using different methods on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) macroporous hydrogels (MHs) was analysed. Bulk modification was performed by cross-linking cryo-co-polymerisation of HEMA and poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGA) in the presence of proteins (CG/pHEMA and Fg/pHEMA MHs). The polymer surface was modified by covalent immobilisation of the proteins to the active epoxy (ep) groups present on pHEMA after hydrogel fabrication (CG-epHEMA and Fg-epHEMA MHs). The concentration of proteins in protein/pHEMA and protein-epHEMA MHs was 80-85 and 130-140 mug/ml hydrogel, respectively. It was demonstrated by immunostaining and confocal laser scanning microscopy that bulk modification resulted in spreading of CG in the polymer matrix and spot-like distribution of Fg. On the contrary, surface modification resulted in spot-like distribution of CG and uniform spreading of Fg, which evenly coated the surface. Proliferation rate of fibroblasts was higher on MHs with even distribution of the ligands, i.e., on Fg-epHEMA and CG/pHEMA. After 30 days of growth, fibroblasts formed several monolayers and deposited extracellular matrix filling the pores of these MHs. The best result in terms of cell proliferation was obtained on Fg-epHEMA. The ligands displayed on surface of these scaffolds were in native conformation, while in bulk-modified CG/pHEMA MHs most of the proteins were buried inside the polymer matrix and were less accessible for interactions with specific antibodies and cells. The method used for MH modification with bioligands strongly affects spatial distribution, density and conformation of the ligand on the scaffold surface, which, in turn, influence cell-surface interactions. The optimal type of modification varies depending on intrinsic properties of proteins and MHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Savina
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Brighton University, Brighton, UK
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27
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Evtyugin VG, Margulis AB, Damshkaln LG, Lozinsky VI, Kolpakov AI, Ilinskaya ON. Sorption of microorganisms by wide-porous agarose cryogels containing grafted aliphatic chains of different length. Microbiology (Reading) 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261709050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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28
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Tripathi A, Kathuria N, Kumar A. Elastic and macroporous agarose-gelatin cryogels with isotropic and anisotropic porosity for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:680-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Polymeric cryogels as a new family of macroporous and supermacroporous materials for biotechnological purposes. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Silva A, Mateus M. Development of a polysulfone hollow fiber vascular bio-artificial pancreas device for in vitro studies. J Biotechnol 2009; 139:236-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Kawazoe N, Xiaoting Lin, Tateishi T, Guoping Chen. Three-dimensional Cultures of Rat Pancreatic RIN-5F Cells in Porous PLGA-collagen Hybrid Scaffolds. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911508099439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cultures of pancreatic islet cells in porous scaffolds or hydrogels have been constructed as a biohybrid artificial pancreas. A thin mesh of a PLGA-collagen hybrid was used to culture rat RIN-5F cells. The hybrid mesh was coated with laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, type IV collagen, and poly(L-lysine) were evaluated and mesh without coating was used as a control. Cell adhered and proliferated on all of the coated and uncoated meshes. The cells formed spheroids in the uncoated, poly(L-lysine)-, fibronectin-, vitronectin-, and type IV collagen-coated hybrid meshes, while forming a layered structure in the laminin-coated hybrid mesh. Cell adhesion on the coated PLGA-collagen hybrid meshes was higher than that for the uncoated hybrid mesh. The laminin-coated hybrid mesh showed the greatest level of adhesion. The insulin secretion capacity of RIN-5F cells was at the same level for all coated and uncoated PLGA-collagen hybrid meshes and higher than that of cells cultured on cell culture plates. The 3D cultured PLGA-collagen hybrid meshes promoted insulin production capacity. Gene expression analysis showed that genes encoding insulin I, insulin II, and the pancreatic transcription factor PDX-1 (pancreas/duodenum homeobox 1) was expressed. These results indicate that the PLGA-collagen hybrid meshes support adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of RIN-5F cells that allows culturing pancreatic islet cells on 3D constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawazoe
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xiaoting Lin
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tateishi
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan,
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32
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Growth and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal bone marrow cells during culturing in 3D macroporous agarose cryogel sponges. Bull Exp Biol Med 2008; 146:129-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-008-0236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Dainiak MB, Savina IN, Musolino I, Kumar A, Mattiasson B, Galaev IY. Biomimetic macroporous hydrogel scaffolds in a high-throughput screening format for cell-based assays. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 24:1373-83. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Petrenko YA, Volkova NA, Zhulikova EP, Damshkaln LG, Lozinsky VI, Petrenko AY. Choice of conditions of human bone marrow stromal cells seeding into polymer macroporus sponges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.0007b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu. A. Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - N. A. Volkova
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - E. P. Zhulikova
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - L. G. Damshkaln
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - V. I. Lozinsky
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. Yu. Petrenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences
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35
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Plieva FM, Oknianska A, Degerman E, Mattiasson B. Macroporous gel particles as robust macroporous matrices for cell immobilization. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:410-7. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Lozinsky VI, Damshkaln LG, Bloch KO, Vardi P, Grinberg NV, Burova TV, Grinberg VY. Cryostructuring of polymer systems. XXIX. Preparation and characterization of supermacroporous (spongy) agarose-based cryogels used as three-dimensional scaffolds for culturing insulin-producing cell aggregates. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Monolithic macroporous albumin/chitosan cryogel structure: a new matrix for enzyme immobilization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:907-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Plieva FM, Galaev IY, Mattiasson B. Macroporous gels prepared at subzero temperatures as novel materials for chromatography of particulate-containing fluids and cell culture applications. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1657-71. [PMID: 17623447 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous gels (MGs) with a broad variety of morphologies are prepared using the cryotropic gelation technique, i. e. gelation at subzero temperatures. These highly elastic hydrophilic materials can be produced from practically any gel-forming system with a broad range of porosity extending from elastic and porous gels with pore sizes up to 1.0 microm to elastic and sponge-like gels with pore sizes up to 100 microm. The versatility of the cryogelation technique is demonstrated by use of different chemical reactions (hydrogen bond formation, chemical cross-linking of polymers, free radical polymerization) mainly in an aqueous medium. Appropriate control over solvent crystallization (formation of solvent crystals) and rate of chemical reaction during the cryogelation allows the reproducible preparation of cryogels with tailored properties. Different approaches, such as chemical modification of reactive groups, grafting of the pore surface with an appropriate polymer, or direct copolymerization with functional monomers are used for control of the surface chemistry of MGs. Typically, MGs with pore sizes up to 1.0 microm are produced in the shape of beads and MGs with pore size up to 100 microm are prepared as monoliths, discs, and sheets. The difference in porous structure of MGs defines the main applications of these porous materials. Elastic beaded MGs are mostly used as carriers for cell and enzyme immobilization or for capture of low-molecular weight targets from particulate-containing fluids in expanded-bed mode. However, the elastic and sponge-like MG monoliths with interconnected pores measuring hundreds of mum have been successfully used as monolithic columns for chromatography of particulate-containing fluids (crude cell homogenates, viruses, whole cells, wastewater effluents) and as three-dimensional scaffolds for mammalian cell culture applications.
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39
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40
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Malafaya PB, Silva GA, Reis RL. Natural-origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:207-33. [PMID: 17482309 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 802] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present paper intends to overview a wide range of natural-origin polymers with special focus on proteins and polysaccharides (the systems more inspired on the extracellular matrix) that are being used in research, or might be potentially useful as carriers systems for active biomolecules or as cell carriers with application in the tissue engineering field targeting several biological tissues. The combination of both applications into a single material has proven to be very challenging though. The paper presents also some examples of commercially available natural-origin polymers with applications in research or in clinical use in several applications. As it is recognized, this class of polymers is being widely used due to their similarities with the extracellular matrix, high chemical versatility, typically good biological performance and inherent cellular interaction and, also very significant, the cell or enzyme-controlled degradability. These biocharacteristics classify the natural-origin polymers as one of the most attractive options to be used in the tissue engineering field and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia B Malafaya
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
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