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Ray SK. TUNEL-n-DIFL Method for Detection and Estimation of Apoptosis Specifically in Neurons and Glial Cells in Mixed Culture and Animal Models of Central Nervous System Diseases and Injuries. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:1-26. [PMID: 38427225 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Detection of merely apoptosis does not reveal the type of central nervous system (CNS) cells that are dying in the CNS diseases and injuries. In situ detection and estimation of amount of apoptosis specifically in neurons or glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) can unveil valuable information for designing therapeutics for protection of the CNS cells and functional recovery. A method was first developed and reported from our laboratory for in situ detection and estimation of amount of apoptosis precisely in neurons and glial cells using in vitro and in vivo models of CNS diseases and injuries. This is a combination of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and double immunofluorescent labeling (DIFL) or simply TUNEL-n-DIFL method for in situ detection and estimation of amount of apoptosis in a specific CNS cell type. An anti-digoxigenin (DIG) IgG antibody conjugated with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA) for blue fluorescence, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) for green fluorescence, or Texas Red (TR) for red fluorescence can be used for in situ detection of apoptotic cell DNA, which is earlier labeled with TUNEL using alkali-stable DIG-11-dUTP. A primary anti-NeuN (neurons), anti-GFAP (astrocytes), anti-MBP (oligodendrocytes), or anti-OX-42 (microglia) IgG antibody and a secondary IgG antibody conjugated with one of the above fluorophores (other than that of ani-DIG antibody) are used for in situ detection of apoptosis in a specific CNS cell type in the mixed culture and animal models of the CNS diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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2
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Moslehi S, Rowland C, Smith JH, Griffiths W, Watterson WJ, Niell CM, Alemán BJ, Perez MT, Taylor RP. Comparison of fractal and grid electrodes for studying the effects of spatial confinement on dissociated retinal neuronal and glial behavior. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17513. [PMID: 36266414 PMCID: PMC9584887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of the geometry and material composition of electrodes on the survival and behavior of retinal cells is of importance for both fundamental cell studies and neuromodulation applications. We investigate how dissociated retinal cells from C57BL/6J mice interact with electrodes made of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes grown on silicon dioxide substrates. We compare electrodes with different degrees of spatial confinement, specifically fractal and grid electrodes featuring connected and disconnected gaps between the electrodes, respectively. For both electrodes, we find that neuron processes predominantly accumulate on the electrode rather than the gap surfaces and that this behavior is strongest for the grid electrodes. However, the 'closed' character of the grid electrode gaps inhibits glia from covering the gap surfaces. This lack of glial coverage for the grids is expected to have long-term detrimental effects on neuronal survival and electrical activity. In contrast, the interconnected gaps within the fractal electrodes promote glial coverage. We describe the differing cell responses to the two electrodes and hypothesize that there is an optimal geometry that maximizes the positive response of both neurons and glia when interacting with electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Moslehi
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Conor Rowland
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Julian H. Smith
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Willem Griffiths
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Department of Biology, 1210 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - William J. Watterson
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Cristopher M. Niell
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Department of Biology, 1210 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Benjamín J. Alemán
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, 1274 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, 1505 University of Oregon, Franklin Blvd., Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Maria-Thereza Perez
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361NanoLund, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard P. Taylor
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, 1505 University of Oregon, Franklin Blvd., Eugene, OR 97403 USA
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3
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Chen S, Zhou C, Yu H, Tao L, An Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xiao R. 27-Hydroxycholesterol Contributes to Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization-Mediated Pyroptosis in Co-cultured SH-SY5Y Cells and C6 Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:14. [PMID: 30881285 PMCID: PMC6405519 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Emerging evidence suggests that 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) causes neurodegenerative diseases through the induction of cytotoxicity and cholesterol metabolism disorder. The objective of this study is to determine the impacts of 27-OHC on lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and pyroptosis in neurons in the development of neural degenerative diseases. Methods: In this study, SH-SY5Y cells and C6 cells were co-cultured in vitro to investigate the influence of 27-OHC on the function of lysosome, LMP and pyroptosis related factors in neuron. Lyso Tracker Red (LTR) was used to detect the changes of lysosome pH, volume and number. Acridine orange (AO) staining was also used to detect the LMP in neurons. Then the morphological changes of cells were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The content of lysosome function associated proteins [including Cathepsin B (CTSB), Cathepsin D (CTSD), lysosomal-associated membraneprotein-1 (LAMP-1), LAMP-2] and the pyroptosis associated proteins [including nod-like recepto P3 (NLRP3), gasdermin D (GSDMD), caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β] were detected through Western blot. Results: Results showed higher levels of lysosome function associated proteins, such as CTSB (p < 0.05), CTSD (p < 0.05), LAMP-1 (p < 0.01), LAMP-2; p < 0.01) in 27-OHC treated group than that in the control group. AO staining and LTR staining showed that 27-OHC induced lysosome dysfunction with LMP. Content of pyroptosis related factor proteins, such as GSDMD (p < 0.01), NLRP3 (p < 0.001), caspase-1 (p < 0.01) and IL-1β (p < 0.01) were increased in 27-OHC treated neurons. Additionally, CTSB was leaked through LMP into the cytosol and induced pyroptosis. Results from the present study also suggested that the CTSB is involved in activation of pyroptosis. Conclusion: Our data indicate that 27-OHC contributes to the pathogenesis of cell death by inducing LMP and pyroptosis in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingwei Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Hosseinzadeh S, Nazari H, Sadegzadeh N, Babaie A, Kabiri M, Tasharrofi N, Soufi Zomorrod M, Soleimani M. Polyethylenimine: A new differentiation factor to endothelial/cardiac tissue. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1511-1521. [PMID: 30171705 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Among different tissues, endothelial/cardiac types require specific factors to promote myocardial regeneration after occurred injuries. Herein, cardiac stem cells (CSCs) as the major cell population that involved in cardiovascular repair were selected to study the role of polyethyleneimine (PEI) agent on endothelial differentiation. After preparation of electrospun network of PEI with polyacrylonitrile, the related characterizations were carried out including scanning electron microscope (SEM), field-emission SEM, water contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical properties. Also, the release kinetic of the corresponding agent was studied up to 7 days. The cell differentiation studies were done in the following with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining method. The whole obtained results approved the higher differentiation of CSCs into endothelial/cardiac cells. Finally, it is recommended that the PEI delivering increases the healing potency of CSCs and accordingly the regeneration speed of damaged cardiovascular tissue would be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nazari
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Babaie
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noshin Tasharrofi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Aebersold MJ, Thompson-Steckel G, Joutang A, Schneider M, Burchert C, Forró C, Weydert S, Han H, Vörös J. Simple and Inexpensive Paper-Based Astrocyte Co-culture to Improve Survival of Low-Density Neuronal Networks. Front Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29535595 PMCID: PMC5835045 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottom-up neuroscience aims to engineer well-defined networks of neurons to investigate the functions of the brain. By reducing the complexity of the brain to achievable target questions, such in vitro bioassays better control experimental variables and can serve as a versatile tool for fundamental and pharmacological research. Astrocytes are a cell type critical to neuronal function, and the addition of astrocytes to neuron cultures can improve the quality of in vitro assays. Here, we present cellulose as an astrocyte culture substrate. Astrocytes cultured on the cellulose fiber matrix thrived and formed a dense 3D network. We devised a novel co-culture platform by suspending the easy-to-handle astrocytic paper cultures above neuronal networks of low densities typically needed for bottom-up neuroscience. There was significant improvement in neuronal viability after 5 days in vitro at densities ranging from 50,000 cells/cm2 down to isolated cells at 1,000 cells/cm2. Cultures exhibited spontaneous spiking even at the very low densities, with a significantly greater spike frequency per cell compared to control mono-cultures. Applying the co-culture platform to an engineered network of neurons on a patterned substrate resulted in significantly improved viability and almost doubled the density of live cells. Lastly, the shape of the cellulose substrate can easily be customized to a wide range of culture vessels, making the platform versatile for different applications that will further enable research in bottom-up neuroscience and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta Thompson-Steckel
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriane Joutang
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Schneider
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Conrad Burchert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hana Han
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Wang H, Yuan L, Ma W, Han J, Lu Y, Feng L, Xiao R. The cytotoxicity of 27-hydroxycholesterol in co-cultured SH-SY5Y cells and C6 cells. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:209-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Piret G, Perez MT, Prinz CN. Support of Neuronal Growth Over Glial Growth and Guidance of Optic Nerve Axons by Vertical Nanowire Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18944-18948. [PMID: 26262507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neural cultures are very useful in neuroscience, providing simpler and better controlled systems than the in vivo situation. Neural tissue contains two main cell types, neurons and glia, and interactions between these are essential for appropriate neuronal development. In neural cultures, glial cells tend to overgrow neurons, limiting the access to neuronal interrogation. There is therefore a pressing need for improved systems that enable a good separation when coculturing neurons and glial cells simultaneously, allowing one to address the neurons unequivocally. Here, we used substrates consisting of dense arrays of vertical nanowires intercalated by flat regions to separate retinal neurons and glial cells in distinct, but neighboring, compartments. We also generated a nanowire patterning capable of guiding optic nerve axons. The results will facilitate the design of surfaces aimed at studying and controlling neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Piret
- Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University , SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Ophthalmology, Lund University , SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University , SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria-Thereza Perez
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Ophthalmology, Lund University , SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University , SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christelle N Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University , SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University , SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Neuronano Research Center (NRC), Lund University , SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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8
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Battiston KG, Cheung JWC, Jain D, Santerre JP. Biomaterials in co-culture systems: towards optimizing tissue integration and cell signaling within scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4465-76. [PMID: 24602569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most natural tissues consist of multi-cellular systems made up of two or more cell types. However, some of these tissues may not regenerate themselves following tissue injury or disease without some form of intervention, such as from the use of tissue engineered constructs. Recent studies have increasingly used co-cultures in tissue engineering applications as these systems better model the natural tissues, both physically and biologically. This review aims to identify the challenges of using co-culture systems and to highlight different approaches with respect to the use of biomaterials in the use of such systems. The application of co-culture systems to stimulate a desired biological response and examples of studies within particular tissue engineering disciplines are summarized. A description of different analytical co-culture systems is also discussed and the role of biomaterials in the future of co-culture research are elaborated on. Understanding the complex cell-cell and cell-biomaterial interactions involved in co-culture systems will ultimately lead the field towards biomaterial concepts and designs with specific biochemical, electrical, and mechanical characteristics that are tailored towards the needs of distinct co-culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Battiston
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Jane W C Cheung
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Devika Jain
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6; Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 464D, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6.
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9
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Fang Y, Frampton JP, Raghavan S, Sabahi-Kaviani R, Luker G, Deng CX, Takayama S. Rapid generation of multiplexed cell cocultures using acoustic droplet ejection followed by aqueous two-phase exclusion patterning. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:647-57. [PMID: 22356298 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of tools for patterning cocultures of cells is a fundamental interest among cell biologists and tissue engineers. Although a variety of systems exist for micropatterning cells, the methods used to generate cell micropatterns are often cumbersome and difficult to adapt for tissue engineering purposes. This study combines acoustic droplet ejection and aqueous two-phase system exclusion patterning to introduce a method for patterning cocultures of cells in multiplexed arrays. This new method uses focused acoustic radiation pressure to eject discrete droplets of uniform size from the surface of a dextran solution containing cells. The size of droplets is controlled by adjusting ultrasound parameters, such as pulse, duration, and amplitude. The ejected dextran droplets are captured on a cell culture substrate that is manipulated by a computer-controlled 3D positioning system according to predesigned patterns. Polyethylene glycol solution containing an additional cell type is then added to the culture dish to produce a two-phase system capable of depositing different types of cells around the initial pattern of cells. We demonstrate that our method can produce patterns of islands or lines with two or more cell types. Further, we demonstrate that patterns can be multiplexed for studies involving combinations of multiple cell types. This method offers a tool to transfer cell-containing samples in a contact-free, nozzle-less manner, avoiding sample cross-contamination. It can be used to pattern cell cocultures without complicated fabrication of culture substrates. These capabilities were used to examine the response of cancer cells to the presence of a ligand (CXCL12) secreted from surrounding cocultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
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10
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Mattotti M, Alvarez Z, Ortega JA, Planell JA, Engel E, Alcántara S. Inducing functional radial glia-like progenitors from cortical astrocyte cultures using micropatterned PMMA. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1759-70. [PMID: 22136716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radial glia cells (RGC) are multipotent progenitors that generate neurons and glia during CNS development, and which also served as substrate for neuronal migration. After a lesion, reactive glia are the main contributor to CNS regenerative blockage, although some reactive astrocytes are also able to de-differentiate in situ into radial glia-like cells (RGLC), providing beneficial effects in terms of CNS recovery. Thus, the identification of substrate properties that potentiate the ability of astrocytes to transform into RGLC in response to a lesion might help in the development of implantable devices that improve endogenous CNS regeneration. Here we demonstrate that functional RGLC can be induced from in vitro matured astrocytes by using a precisely-sized micropatterned PMMA grooved scaffold, without added soluble or substrate adsorbed biochemical factors. RGLC were extremely organized and aligned on 2 μm line patterned PMMA and, like their embryonic counterparts, express nestin, the neuron-glial progenitor marker Pax6, and also proliferate, generate different intermediate progenitors and support and direct axonal growth and neuronal migration. Our results suggest that the introduction of line patterns in the size range of the RGC processes in implantable scaffolds might mimic the topography of the embryonic neural stem cell niche, driving endogenous astrocytes into an RGLC phenotype, and thus favoring the regenerative response in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mattotti
- Dpt. Material Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia-UPC, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Kaji H, Camci-Unal G, Langer R, Khademhosseini A. Engineering systems for the generation of patterned co-cultures for controlling cell-cell interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1810:239-50. [PMID: 20655984 PMCID: PMC3026923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inside the body, cells lie in direct contact or in close proximity to other cell types in a tightly controlled architecture that often regulates the resulting tissue function. Therefore, tissue engineering constructs that aim to reproduce the architecture and the geometry of tissues will benefit from methods of controlling cell-cell interactions with microscale resolution. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW We discuss the use of microfabrication technologies for generating patterned co-cultures. In addition, we categorize patterned co-culture systems by cell type and discuss the implications of regulating cell-cell interactions in the resulting biological function of the tissues. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Patterned co-cultures are a useful tool for fabricating tissue engineered constructs and for studying cell-cell interactions in vitro, because they can be used to control the degree of homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell contact. In addition, this approach can be manipulated to elucidate important factors involved in cell-matrix interactions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Patterned co-culture strategies hold significant potential to develop biomimetic structures for tissue engineering. It is expected that they would create opportunities to develop artificial tissues in the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Nanotechnologies - Emerging Applications in Biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kaji
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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12
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Gabi M, Larmagnac A, Schulte P, Vörös J. Electrically controlling cell adhesion, growth and migration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 79:365-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Generation of Patterned Neuronal Networks on Cell-Repellant Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate) Films. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1804-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Corey JM, Gertz CC, Sutton TJ, Chen Q, Mycek KB, Wang BS, Martin AA, Johnson SL, Feldman EL. Patterning N-type and S-type neuroblastoma cells with Pluronic F108 and ECM proteins. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:673-86. [PMID: 19609877 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Influencing cell shape using micropatterned substrates affects cell behaviors, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Cell shape may also affect these behaviors in human neuroblastoma (NBL) cancer, but to date, no substrate design has effectively patterned multiple clinically important human NBL lines. In this study, we investigated whether Pluronic F108 was an effective antiadhesive coating for human NBL cells and whether it would localize three NBL lines to adhesive regions of tissue culture plastic or collagen I on substrate patterns. The adhesion and patterning of an S-type line, SH-EP, and two N-type lines, SH-SY5Y and IMR-32, were tested. In adhesion assays, F108 deterred NBL adhesion equally as well as two antiadhesive organofunctional silanes and far better than bovine serum albumin. Patterned stripes of F108 restricted all three human NBL lines to adhesive stripes of tissue culture plastic. We then investigated four schemes of applying collagen and F108 to different regions of a substrate. Contact with collagen obliterates the ability of F108 to deter NBL adhesion, limiting how both materials can be applied to substrates to produce high fidelity NBL patterning. This patterned substrate design should facilitate investigations of the role of cell shape in NBL cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Corey
- Department of Neurology, The University of Michigan, 5013 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
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15
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Lee YJ, Hung SC, Chu MS. Involvement of Notch1 inhibition in serum-stimulated glia and oligodendrocyte differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2010; 3:165-73. [PMID: 24198522 PMCID: PMC3781741 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of in vitro oligodendrocyte differentiation for transplantation of stem cells to treat demyelinating diseases is an important consideration. In this study, we investigated the effects of serum on glia and oligodendrocyte differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells (KP-hMSCs). We found that serum deprivation resulted in a reversible downregulation of glial- and oligodendrocyte-specific markers. Serum stimulated expression of oligodendrocyte markers, such as galactocerebroside, as well as Notch1 and JAK1 transcripts. Inhibition of Notch1 activation by the Notch inhibitor, MG132, led to enhanced expression of a serum-stimulated oligodendrocyte marker. This marker was undetectable in serum-deprived KP-hMSCs treated with MG132, suggesting that inhibition of Notch1 function is additive to serum-stimulated oligodendrocyte differentiation. Furthermore, a dominant-negative mutant RBP-J protein also inhibited Notch1 function and led to upregulation of oligodendrocyte-specific markers. Our results demonstrate that serum-stimulated oligodendrocyte differentiation is enhanced by the inhibition of Notch1-associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Goubko CA, Cao X. Patterning multiple cell types in co-cultures: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Yang IH, Siddique R, Hosmane S, Thakor N, Höke A. Compartmentalized microfluidic culture platform to study mechanism of paclitaxel-induced axonal degeneration. Exp Neurol 2009; 218:124-8. [PMID: 19409381 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy is a common and dose-limiting side effect of anticancer drugs. Studies aimed at understanding the underlying mechanism of neurotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs have been hampered by lack of suitable culture systems that can differentiate between neuronal cell body, axon or associated glial cells. Here, we have developed an in vitro compartmentalized microfluidic culture system to examine the site of toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. To test the culture platform, we used paclitaxel, a widely used anticancer drug for breast cancer, because it causes sensory polyneuropathy in a large proportion of patients and there is no effective treatment. In previous in vitro studies, paclitaxel induced distal axonal degeneration but it was unclear if this was due to direct toxicity on the axon or a consequence of toxicity on the neuronal cell body. Using microfluidic channels that allow compartmentalized culturing of neurons and axons, we demonstrate that the axons are much more susceptible to toxic effects of paclitaxel. When paclitaxel was applied to the axonal side, there was clear degeneration of axons; but when paclitaxel was applied to the soma side, there was no change in axon length. Furthermore, we show that recombinant human erythropoietin, which had been shown to be neuroprotective against paclitaxel neurotoxicity, provides neuroprotection whether it is applied to the cell body or the axons directly. This observation has implications for development of neuroprotective drugs for chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathies as dorsal root ganglia do not possess blood-nerve-barrier, eliminating one of the cardinal requirements of drug development for the nervous system. This compartmentalized microfluidic culture system can be used for studies aimed at understanding axon degeneration, neuroprotection and development of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Martínez-Ramos C, Lainez S, Sancho F, García Esparza MA, Planells-Cases R, García Verdugo JM, Gómez Ribelles JL, Salmerón Sánchez M, Monleón Pradas M, Barcia JA, Soria JM. Differentiation of Postnatal Neural Stem Cells into Glia and Functional Neurons on Laminin-Coated Polymeric Substrates. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:1365-75. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martínez-Ramos
- Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Lainez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmerón Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Monleón Pradas
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José Miguel Soria
- Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Kidambi S, Lee I. Primary Neuron/Astrocyte Co-Culture on Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: A Template for Studying Astrocyte-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Neurons. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2008; 18:294-301. [PMID: 25400537 PMCID: PMC4229016 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200601237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We engineered patterned co-cultures of primary neurons and astrocytes on polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films without the aid of adhesive proteins/ligands to study the oxidative stress mediated by astrocytes on neuronal cells. A number of studies have explored engineering co-culture of neurons and astrocytes predominantly using cell lines rather than primary cells owing to the difficulties involved in attaching primary cells onto synthetic surfaces. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of patterned co-culture of primary neurons and astrocytes for studying neuronal metabolism. In our study, we used synthetic polymers, namely poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (PDAC) and sulfonated poly(styrene) (SPS) as the polycation and polyanion, respectively, to build the multilayers. Primary neurons attached and spread preferentially on SPS surfaces, while primary astrocytes attached to both SPS and PDAC surfaces. SPS patterns were formed on PEM surfaces, either by microcontact printing SPS onto PDAC surfaces or vice-versa, to obtain patterns of primary neurons and patterned co-cultures of primary neurons and astrocytes. We further used the patterned co-culture system to study the neuronal response to elevated levels of free fatty acids as compared to the response in separated monoculture by measuring the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS; a widely accepted marker of oxidative stress). The elevation in the ROS levels was observed to occur earlier in the patterned co-culture system than in the separated monoculture system. The results suggest that this technique may provide a useful tool for engineering neuronal co-culture systems, that may more accurately capture neuronal function and metabolism, and thus could be used to obtain valuable insights into neuronal cell function and perhaps even the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Khademhosseini A, Bettinger C, Karp JM, Yeh J, Ling Y, Borenstein J, Fukuda J, Langer R. Interplay of biomaterials and micro-scale technologies for advancing biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2007; 17:1221-40. [PMID: 17176747 DOI: 10.1163/156856206778667488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Micro-scale technologies have already dramatically changed our society through their use in the microelectronics and telecommunications industries. Today these engineering tools are also useful for many biological applications ranging from drug delivery to DNA sequencing, since they can be used to fabricate small features at a low cost and in a reproducible manner. The discovery and development of new biomaterials aid in the advancement of these micro-scale technologies, which in turn contribute to the engineering and generation of new, custom-designed biomaterials with desired properties. This review aims to present an overview of the merger of micro-scale technologies and biomaterials in two-dimensional (2D) surface patterning, device fabrication and three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khademhosseini
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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