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Wang J, Chen G, Yang X, Dou W, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Shi X, Xia Y, You Q, Liu M. Inhibitory effects of norcantharidin on titanium particle-induced osteolysis, osteoclast activation and bone resorption via MAPK pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111655. [PMID: 38340423 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Wear particles generated from the surface of implanted prostheses can lead to peri-implant osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening. In the inflammatory environment, extensive formation and activation of osteoclasts are considered the underlying cause of peri-implant osteolysis. Current medications targeting osteoclasts for the treatment of particle-induced bone resorption are not ideal due to significant side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective drugs with fewer side effects. Norcantharidin (NCTD), a derivative of cantharidin extracted from blister beetles, is currently primarily used for the treatment of solid tumors in clinical settings. However, the potential role of NCTD in treating aseptic loosening of the prosthesis has not been reported. In this study, the in vitro results demonstrated that NCTD could effectively inhibit the formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption induced by the RANKL. Consistently, NCTD strongly inhibited RANKL-induced mRNA and protein levels of c-Fos and NFATc1, concomitant with reduced expression of osteoclast specific genes including TRAP, CTR and CTSK. The in vivo data showed that NCTD exerted significant protective actions against titanium particle-induced inflammation and subsequent osteolysis. The molecular mechanism investigation revealed that NCTD could suppress the activations of RANKL-induced MAPK (p38, ERK). Overall, these findings support the potential use of NCTD for the treatment of aseptic loosening following total joint arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Dou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotian Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yehua Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyi You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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Choi TH, Yoo RJ, Park JY, Kim JY, Ann YC, Park J, Kim JS, Kim K, Shin YJ, Lee YJ, Lee KC, Park J, Chung H, Seok SH, Im HJ, Lee YS. Development of finely tuned liposome nanoplatform for macrophage depletion. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:83. [PMID: 38424578 PMCID: PMC10903058 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy with clodronate-encapsulated liposomes, which induce macrophage depletion, has been studied extensively. However, previously reported liposomal formulation-based drugs (Clodrosome® and m-Clodrosome®) are limited by their inconsistent size and therapeutic efficacy. Thus, we aimed to achieve consistent therapeutic effects by effectively depleting macrophages with uniform-sized liposomes. RESULTS We developed four types of click chemistry-based liposome nanoplatforms that were uniformly sized and encapsulated with clodronate, for effective macrophage depletion, followed by conjugation with Man-N3 and radiolabeling. Functionalization with Man-N3 improves the specific targeting of M2 macrophages, and radioisotope labeling enables in vivo imaging of the liposome nanoplatforms. The functionalized liposome nanoplatforms are stable under physiological conditions. The difference in the biodistribution of the four liposome nanoplatforms in vivo were recorded using positron emission tomography imaging. Among the four platforms, the clodronate-encapsulated mannosylated liposome effectively depleted M2 macrophages in the normal liver and tumor microenvironment ex vivo compared to that by Clodrosome® and m-Clodrosome®. CONCLUSION The newly-developed liposome nanoplatform, with finely tuned size control, high in vivo stability, and excellent ex vivo M2 macrophage targeting and depletion effects, is a promising macrophage-depleting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyeon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ran Ji Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Chan Ann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongbin Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Sil Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyuwan Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisu Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Islam R, Vrionis F, Hanafy KA. Microglial TLR4 is Critical for Neuronal Injury and Cognitive Dysfunction in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:761-769. [PMID: 35778649 PMCID: PMC9672010 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation causes excessive production of proinflammatory mediators and an increased expression of costimulatory molecules that leads to neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although TLR4-mediated inflammatory pathways have long been studied in neuroinflammation, the specific glia implicated in initiation and propagation of neuroinflammation in SAH have not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the involvement of glial TLR4 including microglia and astrocytes in brain damage and poor neurological outcome. Methods In this study, global TLR4 knockout, cell-specific TLR4 knockout, and floxxed control male and female mice were used. The mice were injected with 60 μl autologous blood near the mesencephalon to induce SAH; animals were euthanized on postoperative day 7 for immunohistochemistry of glia and apoptotic cells. Microglial morphology was evaluated by using immunofluorescence density quantification to determine correlations between morphology and neuroinflammation. Microglial depletion was accomplished with the intracerebroventricular administration of clodronate liposomes. Cognitive function was assessed with Barnes maze. Results On postoperative day 7 after SAH induction, neuronal apoptosis was markedly reduced in the clodronate liposome group compared with phosphate-buffered saline control liposomes, and cognitive performance in the clodronate group was improved, as well. Differences in microglial activation, assessed by morphometric analysis, and neuronal apoptosis were significantly greater in wildtype knockouts compared with cell-specific and global TLR4 knockouts. The mice lacking TLR4 on astrocytes and neurons showed no differences compared with wildtype mice on any end points. Conclusions Our data suggest that microglial depletion with the intracerebroventricular administration of clodronate can improve the cognitive function in an SAH mouse model, and TLR4 is critical for microglial activation and neuronal injury. Only microglial TLR4 is necessary for brain damage and poor cognitive outcome rather than astrocyte or neuronal TLR4. Thus, microglial TLR4 could be a potent therapeutic target to treat SAH-associated neuronal injury and protect against cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezwanul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Frank Vrionis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Khalid A Hanafy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
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Jiang S, Li D, Jiang J, Yang S, Yang S. [Establishment of artificial joint aseptic loosening mouse model by cobalt-chromium particles stimulation]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:615-620. [PMID: 32410430 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201909023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the feasibility of establishment of a artificial joint aseptic loosening mouse model by cobalt-chromium particles stimulation. Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old male severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were divided into experimental group ( n=12) and control group ( n=12). The titanium nail was inserted into the tibial medullary cavity of mouse in the two groups to simulate artificial joint prosthesis replacement. And the cobalt-chromium particles were injected into the tibial medullary cavity of mouse in experimental group. The survival of the mouse was observed after operation; the position of the titanium nail and the bone mineral density of proximal femur were observed by X-ray film, CT, and Micro-CT bone scanning; and the degree of dissolution of the bone tissue around the tibia was detected by biomechanical test and histological staining. Results Two mice in experimental group died, and the rest of the mice survived until the experiment was completed. Postoperative imaging examination showed that there was no obvious displacement of titanium nails in control group, and there were new callus around the titanium nails. In experimental group, there was obvious osteolysis around the titanium nails. The bone mineral density of the proximal tibia was 91.25%±0.67%, and the maximum shear force at the tibial nail-bone interface was (5.93±0.85) N in experimental group, which were significantly lower than those in control group [102.07%±1.87% and (16.76±3.09) N] ( t=5.462, P=0.041; t=3.760, P=0.046). Histological observation showed that a large number of inflammatory cells could be seen around the titanium nails in experimental group, while there was no inflammatory cells, and obvious bone tissue formation was observed in control group. Conclusion The artificial joint aseptic loosening mouse model can be successfully established by cobalt-chromium particles stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Jiang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Shandong, 256603, P.R.China
| | | | - Jianhao Jiang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Shandong, 256603, P.R.China
| | - Shangyou Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Kansas, 67260, USA
| | - Shuye Yang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Shandong, 256603, P.R.China
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Periprosthetic Osteolysis: Mechanisms, Prevention and Treatment. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122091. [PMID: 31805704 PMCID: PMC6947309 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that byproducts from joint replacements induce an inflammatory reaction that can result in periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) and aseptic loosening (AL). Particle-stimulated macrophages and other cells release cytokines, chemokines, and other pro-inflammatory substances that perpetuate chronic inflammation, induce osteoclastic bone resorption and suppress bone formation. Differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of osteoclasts at the bone-implant interface are under the control of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-dependent pathways, and the transcription factors like nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Mechanical factors such as prosthetic micromotion and oscillations in fluid pressures also contribute to PPOL. The treatment for progressive PPOL is only surgical. In order to mitigate ongoing loss of host bone, a number of non-operative approaches have been proposed. However, except for the use of bisphosphonates in selected cases, none are evidence based. To date, the most successful and effective approach to preventing PPOL is usage of wear-resistant bearing couples in combination with advanced implant designs, reducing the load of metallic and polymer particles. These innovations have significantly decreased the revision rate due to AL and PPOL in the last decade.
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Pan C, Shan H, Wu T, Liu W, Lin Y, Xia W, Wang F, Zhou Z, Yu X. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Inhibits Titanium Particle-Induced Inflammatory Osteolysis and RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis via MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1538. [PMID: 30713497 PMCID: PMC6345703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteolysis is a principal reason for arthroplasty failure like aseptic loosening induced by Titanium (Ti) particle. It is a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Recent researches show that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol can inhibit inflammatory cytokine release in vitro. This study aims to assess the effect of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol on Ti particle-induced osteolysis and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Micro-CT and histological analysis in vivo indicated the inhibitory effects of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol on osteoclastogenesis and the excretion of inflammatory cytokines. Next, we demonstrated that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibited osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption area, and F-actin ring formation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, mechanistic studies suggested that the suppression of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were found to mediate the inhibitory effects of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol. In conclusion, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol may suppress osteoclastogenesis in a dose- dependent manner and it could be a potential treatment of Ti particle-induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Shan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyang Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Lim D, Kim W, Lee C, Bae H, Kim J. Macrophage Depletion Protects against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammatory Response in the Mouse Colon and Lung. Front Physiol 2018; 9:47. [PMID: 29483875 PMCID: PMC5816061 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is considered as a major risk factor for pulmonary and intestinal inflammation. CS leads to macrophage infiltration in the mucosae of the lung and colon, inducing the uncontrolled secretion of inflammatory mediators, and thus promoting inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated whether macrophage depletion modulates cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammatory response in both the lung and colon. The mice were exposed to CS for 30 min, after which they were rested in a fresh air environment for 30 min. The total duration of exposure to CS was 2 h per day for 4 weeks. Macrophage depletion state was made with the injection of clodronate containing liposome. Individual body weights were measured twice a week, and the mice were sacrificed on day 28. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed in the lung and colon tissue to determine histological changes. Inflammatory mediators' synthesis was analyzed using ELISA and western blotting. Clodronate liposome treatment ameliorated pathological changes associated with the infiltration of immune cells in the lung and colon. Also, clodronate liposome injected mice showed significantly lower level of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokine and proteases. Our results indicated that macrophage depletion by clodronate liposome treatment attenuates CS-induced inflammatory response in both the lung and colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woogyeong Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Moran MM, Wilson BM, Ross RD, Virdi AS, Sumner DR. Arthrotomy-based preclinical models of particle-induced osteolysis: A systematic review. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2595-2605. [PMID: 28548682 PMCID: PMC5702596 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We completed a systematic literature review of in vivo animal models that use arthrotomy-based methods to study particle-induced peri-implant osteolysis. The purpose of the review was to characterize the models developed to date, to determine the questions addressed, to assess scientific rigor and transparency, and to identify gaps in knowledge. We probed three literature databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) and found 77 manuscripts that fit the search parameters. In the most recent 10 years, researchers mainly used rat and mouse models, whereas in the previous 20 years, large animal, canine, and rabbit models were more common. The studies have demonstrated several pathophysiology pathways, including macrophage migration, particle phagocytosis, increased local production of cytokines and lysosomal enzymes, elevated bone resorption, and suppressed bone formation. The effect of variation in particle characteristics and concentration received limited attention with somewhat mixed findings. Particle contamination by endotoxin was shown to exacerbate peri-implant osteolysis. The possibility of early diagnosis was demonstrated through imaging and biomarker approaches. Several studies showed that both local and systemic delivery of bisphosphonates inhibits the development of particle-induced osteolysis. Other methods of inhibiting osteolysis include the use of anabolic agents and altering the implant design. Few studies examined non-surgical rescue of loosened implants, with conflicting results with alendronate. We found that the manuscripts often lacked the methodological detail now advocated by the ARRIVE guidelines, suggesting that improvement in reporting would be useful to maximize rigor and transparency. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2595-2605, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M. Moran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center
| | | | - Ryan D. Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Amarjit S. Virdi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center
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Gallo J, Raska M, Konttinen YT, Nich C, Goodman SB. Innate immunity sensors participating in pathophysiology of joint diseases: a brief overview. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2015; 24:297-317. [PMID: 25747032 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2014010825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system consists of functionally specialized "modules" that are activated in response to a particular set of stimuli via sensors located on the surface or inside the tissue cells. These cells screen tissues for a wide range of exogenous and endogenous danger/damage-induced signals with the aim to reject or tolerate them and maintain tissue integrity. In this line of thinking, inflammation evolved as an adaptive tool for restoring tissue homeostasis. A number of diseases are mediated by a maladaptation of the innate immune response, perpetuating chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Here, we review recent evidence on the cross talk between innate immune sensors and development of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and aseptic loosening of total joint replacements. In relation to the latter topic, there is a growing body of evidence that aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis results from long-term maladaptation of periprosthetic tissues to the presence of by-products continuously released from an artificial joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 775 20, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yrjo T Konttinen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki and ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christophe Nich
- Laboratoire de Biomecanique et Biomateriaux Osteo-Articulaires - UMR CNRS 7052, Faculte de Medecine - Universite Paris 7, Paris, France; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, European Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University Medical Center Redwood City, CA
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Cherian JJ, Jauregui JJ, Banerjee S, Pierce T, Mont MA. What Host Factors Affect Aseptic Loosening After THA and TKA? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:2700-9. [PMID: 25716213 PMCID: PMC4488212 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening is the most common cause for revisions after lower-extremity total joint arthroplasties, however studies differ regarding the degree to which host factors influence loosening. QUESTIONS/PURPOSE We performed a systematic review to determine which host factors play a role in the development of clinical and/or radiographic failure from aseptic loosening after (1) THA and (2) TKA. METHODS Two searches on THA and TKA, respectively, using four electronic databases (EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, PubMed, and Scopus) were conducted. We identified a total of 209 reports that encompassed nine potential host factors affecting aseptic loosening. Inclusion criteria for consideration of scientific clinical reports were that 20 or more patients were involved, with more than 1-year followup, with at least three studies pertaining to each factor, and at least six of the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies criteria met, and with raw data for odds ratio (OR) calculations. Twenty-one studies (16 THA studies with 45,779 hips and five TKA studies with 288 knees, respectively) were used to calculate weighted OR and CIs (using the random effects theory) and study heterogeneity for four different host factors in THAs (male sex, high activity level, obesity defined as BMI≥30 kg/m2, and current or former tobacco use) and one factor in TKA (BMI≥30 kg/m2), which were placed in a forest plot. RESULTS For THA, male sex (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.58; p=0.001) and high activity level (University of California Los Angeles [UCLA] activity score≥8 points; OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 2.46-7.31; p=0.001) were associated with aseptic loosening. However, obesity (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.73-1.40; p=0.96), and tobacco use (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.43-8.97; p=0.39) were not associated with an increased risk of aseptic loosening after THA with the numbers available. For TKA, we found no host factors associated with loosening. In particular, obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) was not associated with aseptic loosening with the numbers available (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 0.60-8.62; p=0.22). CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing a lower-extremity total joint arthroplasty who engage in impact sports should be counseled regarding their potential increased risk of aseptic loosening; however, given the weak evidence available, we believe that higher-level studies are necessary to clearly define the risk factors, particularly with newer-generation constructs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Cherian
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA
| | - Julio J. Jauregui
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA
| | - Samik Banerjee
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA
| | - Todd Pierce
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA
| | - Michael A. Mont
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA
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Ryu KJ. CORR Insights®: What Host Factors Affect Aseptic Loosening After THA and TKA? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:2710-1. [PMID: 25773904 PMCID: PMC4488228 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keun Jung Ryu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Medical Center, Severance Hospital, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 South Korea
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12
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Ren W, Jackson N, Song W, Shi T, Flynn JC, Markel DC. Implant wear induced inflammation is mitigated in CX3CR1(-/-) mice. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1037-43. [PMID: 24700421 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wear debris-induced monocyte recruitment plays a key role in the formation of chronic periprosthetic tissue inflammation associated with aseptic loosening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role(s) of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particle-induced tissue inflammation using a murine air pouch model developed in CX3CR1 knockout (CX3CR1(-/-) ) mice. UHMWPE debris or saline were introduced into established air pouches on CX3CR1(-/-) and CX3CR1(+/+) mice. Pouch tissues were collected 7 days after UHMWPE inoculation. Results showed that UHMWPE stimulation induced strong pouch tissue inflammation in CX3CR1(+/+) mice, as manifested by inflammatory cellular infiltration (mainly macrophages), pouch tissue proliferation, and increased gene expression of IL-1ß and TNFα. UHMWPE-induced inflammation was significantly mitigated in CX3CR1(-/-) mice, as manifested by reduction of tissue inflammation (pouch thickness and cell density), inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1ß and TNFα) and macrophage accumulation. The observations support the hypothesis that the activation of the CX3CR1 chemokine pathway contributes to the severity of UHMWPE particle-induced tissue inflammation, and suggests that CX3CR1 signaling is involved in the recruitment of monocytes to the wear debris-containing inflammatory tissues. Blocking of CX3CR1 pathway may represent a viable therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of patients with aseptic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan
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13
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Markel DC, Jackson NM, Esquivel AO, Ren W, Flynn JC. Immunological response to bolus versus multiple injections of hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc) in a murine biocompatibility model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1375-80. [PMID: 24500880 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Local tissue reactivity to intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc) has been described. We used a murine biocompatibility model to study the inflammatory response to Synvisc after a single bolus injection versus the traditional three shot series of injections. Air pouches were established subcutaneously in BALB/c mice, which were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 5 mg ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene particles (to simulate synthetic joint wear debris, positive control), 0.5 mL Synvisc (one injection/week for three weeks, harvested 14 days after last injection), or 1.5 mL Synvisc bolus (harvested either 14 or 28 days after last injection). Inflammatory gene expression and inflammation of air pouch tissue, and serum antibody titers to Synvisc were determined. Inflammation was observed with all Synvisc treatments relative to PBS (p < 0.01). However, the three injection series of Synvisc resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) greater tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression compared to both PBS and bolus single shot Synvisc harvested after 14 or 28 days. While all Synvisc treatments resulted in serum antibodies to Synvisc (p < 0.02 compared to PBS control group), mice that received three injections of Synvisc had higher levels than mice receiving a single injection (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that a single bolus injection of Synvisc led to less inflammation and a lower antibody response when compared to the three-shot series of injections, supporting the current change in treatment from multiple injections to a single injection of Synvisc .
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Markel
- Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, Michigan; Detroit Medical Center/Providence Hospital Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program, Detroit, Michigan
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14
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Nich C, Takakubo Y, Pajarinen J, Ainola M, Salem A, Sillat T, Rao AJ, Raska M, Tamaki Y, Takagi M, Konttinen YT, Goodman SB, Gallo J. Macrophages-Key cells in the response to wear debris from joint replacements. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3033-45. [PMID: 23568608 PMCID: PMC3775910 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The generation of wear debris is an inevitable result of normal usage of joint replacements. Wear debris particles stimulate local and systemic biological reactions resulting in chronic inflammation, periprosthetic bone destruction, and eventually, implant loosening, and revision surgery. The latter may be indicated in up to 15% patients in the decade following the arthroplasty using conventional polyethylene. Macrophages play multiple roles in both inflammation and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. As sentinels of the innate immune system, they are central to the initiation of this inflammatory cascade, characterized by the release of proinflammatory and pro-osteoclastic factors. Similar to the response to pathogens, wear particles elicit a macrophage response, based on the unique properties of the cells belonging to this lineage, including sensing, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and adaptive stimulation. The biological processes involved are complex, redundant, both local and systemic, and highly adaptive. Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are implicated in this phenomenon, ultimately resulting in differentiation and activation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. Simultaneously, other distinct macrophage populations inhibit inflammation and protect the bone-implant interface from osteolysis. Here, the current knowledge about the physiology of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells is reviewed. In addition, the pattern and consequences of their interaction with wear debris and the recent developments in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Nich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires-UMR CNRS 7052, Faculté de Médecine-Université Paris 7, Paris, France; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, European Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris 5, Paris, France
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15
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Protection against titanium particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in vivo. Inflammation 2013; 35:1378-91. [PMID: 22391745 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Wear particle-induced vascularized granulomatous inflammation and subsequent inflammatory osteolysis is the most common cause of aseptic loosening after total joint replacement (TJR); however, the precise mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. This study investigates the effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Bzb) on the expression of key biochemical markers of bone metabolism and vascularised granulomatous tissues, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). In addition, the effect of Bzb on apoptosis of CD68+ cells was examined. A total of 32 female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups. After implantation of calvaria bone from syngeneic littermates, titanium (Ti) particles were injected into established air pouches for all mice (excluding negative controls) to provoke inflammatory osteolysis. Subsequently, Bzb was administered at a ratio of 0, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg on day 1, 4, 8, and 11 post-surgery to alleviate this response. All of the air pouches were harvested 14 days after the surgical procedure and were processed for molecular and histological analysis. The results demonstrated that Ti injection elevated the expression of RANKL, OPG, VEGF, and TRAF6 at both the gene and protein levels, increased counts of infiltrated cells and thickness of air pouch membranes, and elevated the apoptosis index (AI) of CD68+ cells. Bzb treatment significantly improved Ti particle-induced implanted bone osteolysis, attenuated vascularised granulomatous tissues and elevated AI of CD68+ cells. Therefore, the proteasome pathway may represent an effective therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of aseptic loosening.
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16
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Inhibition of titanium particle-induced inflammation by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation 2013; 35:1411-8. [PMID: 22427154 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Wear particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis is the major cause of aseptic loosening after total joint replacement. The predominant cell type within periprosthetic tissues is macrophages. We investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Bzb) on murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with titanium (Ti) particles. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with 1 nM Bzb and 0.1 mg/ml Ti particles for 48 h; cells without Ti and Bzb or without Bzb were used as negative and loading controls. Results showed that the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), chemokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α)], and inflammatory enzymes [inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] increased in RAW 264.7 cells cultured with Ti. Bzb treatment significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, iNOS, and COX-2 and induced the expression of IL-10 in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that Bzb inhibits Ti-induced inflammation in macrophages, and provide a promising therapeutic target for treating or preventing aseptic loosening.
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17
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Tan HC, Poh CK, Cai Y, Soe MT, Wang W. Covalently grafted BMP-7 peptide to reduce macrophage/monocyte activity: An in vitro study on cobalt chromium alloy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:969-79. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Differentiation of septic and aseptic loosening by PET with both 11C-PK11195 and 18F-FDG in rat models. Nucl Med Commun 2012; 33:747-56. [PMID: 22513886 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328353bbd3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to determine the value of PET with C-isoquinoline carboxamide (C-PK11195) and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) in assisting the differentiation of aseptic loosening (AL) from septic loosening (SL) in rat models. PROCEDURES Initially, the histological profiles of SL and AL (cellular infiltration and the number of CD68 macrophage and PBR cells) were compared. Subsequently, we investigated whether C-PK11195 alone and also in combination with F-FDG increases the sensitivity and specificity of PET imaging for distinguishing SL from AL. RESULTS There were distinguishable features between the histological profiles of the SL and AL rat groups. The number of CD68/PBR cells in AL rats was significantly higher than that seen in SL rats (P<0.05). The uptake of C-PK1195 was higher in AL and lower in SL rats. The uptake of F-FDG was higher in SL and lower in AL rats. CONCLUSION PET with a C-PK11195 and F-FDG imaging protocol is helpful in the clinical differential diagnosis of AL from SL.
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Therapeutic potential of the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib on titanium particle-induced inflammation in a murine model. Inflammation 2012; 35:905-12. [PMID: 21965047 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Wear particle-induced aseptic loosening has been recognized as a harmful inflammatory process that jeopardizes the longevity of total joint replacement. The proteasome controls the activation of NF-κB and subsequent inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α and IL-1β; thus, we investigated whether proteasome inhibition can ameliorate wear particle-induced inflammation in a murine model. A total of 48 BALB/C mice were divided into four groups. Titanium (Ti) particles were injected into the established air pouches of all mice (except negative controls) to provoke inflammation, and then 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg of Bortezomib (Bzb, a proteasome inhibitor) was administered to ameliorate the inflammation response, while air pouches without Bzb administration were used as loading controls. The air pouches were harvested 2 or 7 days after Bzb injection for molecular and histological analyses. Inflammation responses in the air pouch tissues of Bzb treatment groups are lower than those in the Ti-stimulated group, and this occurs in a dose-dependent manner. Bzb can significantly attenuate the severity of Ti-induced inflammation in air pouches.
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20
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Gibon E, Ma T, Ren PG, Fritton K, Biswal S, Yao Z, Smith L, Goodman SB. Selective inhibition of the MCP-1-CCR2 ligand-receptor axis decreases systemic trafficking of macrophages in the presence of UHMWPE particles. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:547-53. [PMID: 21913218 PMCID: PMC3241865 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The biological mechanisms leading to periprosthetic osteolysis involve both chemokines and the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. Whether MCP-1 plays a major role in macrophage recruitment in the presence of wear particles is unknown. We tested two hypotheses: (1) that exogenous local delivery of MCP-1 induces systematic macrophage recruitment and (2) that blockade of the MCP-1 ligand-receptor axis decreases macrophage recruitment and osteolysis in the presence of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles. Six groups of nude mice were used. We used non-invasive imaging to assay macrophage recruitment and osteolysis. A murine macrophage cell line and primary wild type and CCR2 knockout murine macrophages were used as the reporter cells. Particles were infused into the femoral canal. Bioluminescence and immunohistochemical staining were used to confirm the migration of reporter cells. Locally infused MCP-1 induced systemic macrophage trafficking to bone. Injection of MCP-1 receptor antagonist significantly decreased reporter cell recruitment to bone infused with UHMWPE particles and decreased osteolysis. Systemic migration of reporter cells to infused particles was decreased when the reporter cells were deficient in the CCR2 receptor. Interruption of the MCP-1 ligand-receptor axis appears to be a viable strategy to mitigate trafficking of macrophages and osteolysis due to UHMWPE particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bichat Teaching Hospital, Paris School of Medicine, Paris VII University, Paris, France
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Pei-Gen Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Kate Fritton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Sandip Biswal
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Lane Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
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Atkins GJ, Haynes DR, Howie DW, Findlay DM. Role of polyethylene particles in peri-prosthetic osteolysis: A review. World J Orthop 2011; 2:93-101. [PMID: 22474627 PMCID: PMC3302032 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v2.i10.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is convincing evidence that particles produced by the wear of joint prostheses are causal in the peri-prosthetic loss of bone, or osteolysis, which, if it progresses, leads to the phenomenon of aseptic loosening. It is important to fully understand the biology of this bone loss because it threatens prosthesis survival, and loosened implants can result in peri-prosthetic fracture, which is disastrous for the patient and presents a difficult surgical scenario. The focus of this review is the bioactivity of polyethylene (PE) particles, since there is evidence that these are major players in the development and progression of osteolysis around prostheses which use PE as the bearing surface. The review describes the biological consequences of interaction of PE particles with macrophages, osteoclasts and cells of the osteoblast lineage, including osteocytes. It explores the possible cellular mechanisms of action of PE and seeks to use the findings to date to propose potential non-surgical treatments for osteolysis. In particular, a non-surgical approach is likely to be applicable to implants containing newer, highly cross-linked PEs (HXLPEs), for which osteolysis seems to occur with much reduced PE wear compared with conventional PEs. The caveat here is that we know little as yet about the bioactivity of HXLPE particles and addressing this constitutes our next challenge.
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Yang C, Niu S, Yu L, Zhu S, Zhu J, Zhu Q. The aqueous extract of Angelica sinensis, a popular Chinese herb, inhibits wear debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis in mice. J Surg Res 2011; 176:476-83. [PMID: 21962805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More and more studies have shown Angelica sinensis' (AS) therapeutic action on chronic inflammatory diseases in recent years. We investigated effects of aqueous extract of AS on inflammatory cytokines release and wear debris particles-induced osteolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles were used to induce inflammation in RAW264.7 cell and C57BL/J6 mice. AS extract was obtained through a series of purification steps, and divided into high dose group and low dose group during the research of cell culture, tissue culture, and animal treatment. After 72 h culture with optimal particles, supernatants were collected for cytokine analysis. Calvaria were harvested from the mice model after 10 d treatment with the AS extract. Six calvaria of each group were cultured into medium for 72 h for analyzing cytokine generated in vivo. Histologic analyses and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan were used to determine osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone resorption. RESULTS Concentration of tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) was significantly attenuated by AS extract both in vitro and in vivo. The osteolysis area and the osteoclast numbers were decreased from 0.406 ± 0.0799 to 0.117 ± 0.0103 mm(2), and from 22.7 ± 5.0 to 11.3 ± 1.8, respectively (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the protection effects of AS extract was further confirmed with data of the more accurate 3-dimension micro-CT reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a potential resolution of inhibiting wear debris particles-induced inflammatory bone resorption, as well as a possible way of inhibiting aseptic loosening after joint replacement surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfei Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hostpital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Yang F, Wu W, Cao L, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Tang T, Dai K. Pathways of macrophage apoptosis within the interface membrane in aseptic loosening of prostheses. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9159-67. [PMID: 21872327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening is a major cause of failure of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Macrophage apoptosis in interface membrane has been proved to play an important role in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening. The purpose of current study was to identify the apoptotic mechanism of macrophages in the interface membrane of aseptic loosening. We collected periprosthetic interface membrane from 23 patients undergoing the revision operations for aseptic loosening of hip joint prostheses. To serve as the control group, samples of capsule were collected from 18 patients undergoing the primary hip arthroplasties for osteoarthritis (OA). The ultrastructure of interface membrane was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in situ apoptotic macrophage identification was performed by TUNEL staining. Furthermore, using immunohistochemical methods we investigated the expression of some apoptosis-related markers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), cleaved caspase-3/4/8/9, cytochrome c, glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153) in macrophages. These markers were regarded as apoptotic inducers or specific indicators of different apoptotic pathways such as death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. TEM showed that a great deal of wear debris was phagocytosed by macrophages, which displayed morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. The results of TUNEL staining demonstrated that there were more apoptotic macrophages in interface membrane. The expression levels of iNOS, ONOO(-), cleaved caspase-3/4/8/9, cytochrome c, GRP78 and GADD153 in macrophages in interface membrane were significantly higher than those in the control samples (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that death receptor pathway, mitochondria/cytochrosome c caspase-dependent pathway and ER stress pathway are involved in the process of macrophage apoptosis. A therapeutic target to modulate the apoptotic pathways in macrophages may be a strategy to prevent and treat aseptic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
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Ren PG, Irani A, Huang Z, Ma T, Biswal S, Goodman SB. Continuous infusion of UHMWPE particles induces increased bone macrophages and osteolysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469:113-22. [PMID: 21042895 PMCID: PMC3008905 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis resulting from wear debris are major complications of total joint arthroplasty. Monocyte/macrophages are the key cells related to osteolysis at the bone-implant interface of joint arthroplasties. Whether the monocyte/macrophages found at the implant interface in the presence of polyethylene particles are locally or systemically derived is unknown. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We therefore asked (1) whether macrophages associated with polyethylene particle-induced chronic inflammation are recruited locally or systemically and (2) whether the recruited macrophages are associated with enhanced osteolysis locally. METHODS Noninvasive in vivo imaging techniques (bioluminescence and microCT) were used to investigate initial macrophage migration systemically from a remote injection site to polyethylene wear particles continuously infused into the femoral canal. We used histologic and immunohistologic staining to confirm localization of migrated macrophages to the polyethylene particle-treated femoral canals and monitor cellular markers of bone remodeling. RESULTS The values for bioluminescence were increased for animals receiving UHMWPE particles compared with the group in which the carrier saline was infused. At Day 8, the ratio of bioluminescence (operated femur divided by nonoperated contralateral femur of each animal) for the UHMWPE group was 13.95 ± 5.65, whereas the ratio for the saline group was 2.60 ± 1.14. Immunohistologic analysis demonstrated the presence of reporter macrophages in the UHMWPE particle-implanted femora only. MicroCT scans showed the bone mineral density for the group with both UHMWPE particles and macrophage was lower than the control groups. CONCLUSIONS Infusion of clinically relevant polyethylene particles, similar to the human scenario, stimulated systemic migration of remotely injected macrophages and local net bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Gen Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Afraaz Irani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Zhinong Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Sandip Biswal
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center Outpatient Center, 450 Broadway Street, M/C 6342, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA
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Goodman SB, Ma T. Cellular chemotaxis induced by wear particles from joint replacements. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5045-50. [PMID: 20398931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The destruction of bone around joint replacements (periprosthetic osteolysis) is an adverse biological response associated with the generation of excessive wear particles. Wear debris from the materials used for joint replacements stimulate a chronic inflammatory and foreign body reaction that leads to increased osteoclast differentiation and maturation, and decreased bone formation. Wear debris induces both local and systemic trafficking of inflammatory cells to the site of particle generation. Recent studies have shown that this effect is mediated primarily by chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) including macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, also known as CCL2), macrophage inhibitory protein-1 (MIP-1), Interleukin-8 (IL-8 or CXCL8) and others. These ligands migrate along a concentration gradient to interact with G-protein-linked transmembrane receptors on the cell surface. Chemokines are involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses, angiogenesis, wound healing and tissue repair. In vitro, in vivo and tissue retrieval studies have shown that chemokine-directed systemic trafficking of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage to wear particles result in the release of pro-inflammatory factors and subsequent bone loss. Modulation of the chemokine ligand-receptor axis is a potential strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of wear particles from joint replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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26
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Bratlie KM, Dang TT, Lyle S, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R, Langer R, Anderson DG. Rapid biocompatibility analysis of materials via in vivo fluorescence imaging of mouse models. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10032. [PMID: 20386609 PMCID: PMC2850367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many materials are unsuitable for medical use because of poor biocompatibility. Recently, advances in the high throughput synthesis of biomaterials has significantly increased the number of potential biomaterials, however current biocompatibility analysis methods are slow and require histological analysis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we develop rapid, non-invasive methods for in vivo quantification of the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials. Materials were placed subcutaneously in an array format and monitored for host responses as per ISO 10993-6: 2001. Host cell activity in response to these materials was imaged kinetically, in vivo using fluorescent whole animal imaging. Data captured using whole animal imaging displayed similar temporal trends in cellular recruitment of phagocytes to the biomaterials compared to histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Histological analysis similarity validates this technique as a novel, rapid approach for screening biocompatibility of implanted materials. Through this technique there exists the possibility to rapidly screen large libraries of polymers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tram T. Dang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen Lyle
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Zaveri TD, Dolgova NV, Chu BH, Lee J, Wong J, Lele TP, Ren F, Keselowsky BG. Contributions of surface topography and cytotoxicity to the macrophage response to zinc oxide nanorods. Biomaterials 2010; 31:2999-3007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Christophi GP, Massa PT. Central neuroinvasion and demyelination by inflammatory macrophages after peripheral virus infection is controlled by SHP-1. Viral Immunol 2010; 22:371-87. [PMID: 19951174 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2009.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SHP-1 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates cytokine signaling and inflammatory gene expression. Mice genetically lacking SHP-1 (me/me) display severe inflammatory demyelinating disease following intracranial inoculation with the BeAn strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) compared to infected wild-type mice. Furthermore, SHP-1-deficient mice show a profound and predominant infiltration of blood-derived macrophages into the CNS following intracerebral injection of TMEV, and these macrophages are concentrated in areas of demyelination in brain and spinal cord. In the present study we investigated the role of SHP-1 in controlling CNS inflammatory demyelination following a peripheral instead of an intracerebral inoculation of TMEV. Surprisingly, we found that while wild-type mice were entirely refractory to intraperitoneal (IP) infection by TMEV, in agreement with previous studies, all SHP-1-deficient mice displayed profound macrophage neuroinvasion and macrophage-mediated inflammatory demyelination. Moreover, SHP-1 deficiency led to increased expression of inflammatory molecules in macrophages, serum, and CNS following IP infection with TMEV. Importantly, pharmacological depletion of peripheral macrophages significantly decreased both paralysis and CNS viral loads in SHP-1-deficient mice. In addition, peripheral MCP-1 neutralization attenuated disease severity, decreased macrophage infiltration into the CNS, and decreased monocyte numbers in the blood of SHP-1-deficient mice, implicating MCP-1 as an important mediator of monocyte migration between multiple tissues. These results demonstrate that peripheral TMEV infection results in a unique evolution of macrophage-mediated demyelination in SHP-1-deficient mice, implicating SHP-1 in the control of neuroinvasion of inflammatory macrophages and neurotropic viruses into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Christophi
- Department of Neurology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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Li G, Wu P, Xu Y, Yu Y, Sun L, Zhu L, Ye D. The effect of Lipoxin A4 on the interaction between macrophage and osteoblast: possible role in the treatment of aseptic loosening. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009; 10:57. [PMID: 19490628 PMCID: PMC2698870 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aseptic loosening (AL) is the main problem of total joints replacement (TJR) by the implantation of permanently prosthetic components. In vitro and in vivo studies have clearly demonstrated that wear debris and its byproducts could trigger inflammation in the peri-implant tissue. Lipoxins (LXs) are endogenous eicosanoids synthesized locally from arachidonate acid (AA) at sites of inflammation and mediate pro-resolving activity. A number of studies have demonstrated the effect of LXA4 to counteract inflammation in different cell and animal models, but till now, no relative report about the role of LXs in progress or prevention of AL. Methods Murine RAW264.7 macrophage cell line and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts (OB) cell line were purchased. Co-cultured model of these two cell lines was established. To explore the effect of exogenous Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) induced inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2 and GM-CSF were measured by ELISA kits and bone resorption was quantified by measuring calcium release from 5-day-old mice calvaria in vitro. To determine further the endogenous effect of LXA4, cells were co-cultured and with or without 15-lipoxygease (15-LO) blocking by 15-LO siRNA. Both real-time PCR and western blotting were applied to confirm the inhibitory efficiency of 15-LO by siRNA. Results 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml PMMA showed a time-dependent manner to trigger production of all the pro-inflammatory cytokines studied. Exogenous 0–100 nM LXA4 presented an inhibitory effect on both generation of above cytokines and PMMA stimulated calvarial bone resorption with a dose-dependent manner. LXA4 in supernatant from neither rest macrophages nor macrophages cultured alone exposing to PMMA was detectable. In co-cultured cells challenged by PMMA, LXA4 was increased significantly, while, this enhance could be partly inhibited by 15-LO siRNA. When LXA4 generation was blocked with 15-LO siRNA, the PMMA induced pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated and bone resorption was accelerated. Conclusion In the present study, we demonstrated that LXA4 had a favorable inhibitory effect on PMMA-induced inflammation in a macrophage and OB co-culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- 1Department of surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Modulation of macrophage infiltration and inflammatory activity by the phosphatase SHP-1 in virus-induced demyelinating disease. J Virol 2008; 83:522-39. [PMID: 18987138 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01210-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 is a crucial negative regulator of cytokine signaling and inflammatory gene expression, both in the immune system and in the central nervous system (CNS). Mice genetically lacking SHP-1 (me/me) display severe inflammatory demyelinating disease following inoculation with the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) compared to infected wild-type mice. Therefore, it became essential to investigate the mechanisms of TMEV-induced inflammation in the CNS of SHP-1-deficient mice. Herein, we show that the expression of several genes relevant to inflammatory demyelination in the CNS of infected me/me mice is elevated compared to that in wild-type mice. Furthermore, SHP-1 deficiency led to an abundant and exclusive increase in the infiltration of high-level-CD45-expressing (CD45(hi)) CD11b(+) Ly-6C(hi) macrophages into the CNS of me/me mice, in concert with the development of paralysis. Histological analyses of spinal cords revealed the localization of these macrophages to extensive inflammatory demyelinating lesions in infected SHP-1-deficient mice. Sorted populations of CNS-infiltrating macrophages from infected me/me mice showed increased amounts of viral RNA and an enhanced inflammatory profile compared to wild-type macrophages. Importantly, the application of clodronate liposomes effectively depleted splenic and CNS-infiltrating macrophages and significantly delayed the onset of TMEV-induced paralysis. Furthermore, macrophage depletion resulted in lower viral loads and lower levels of inflammatory gene expression and demyelination in the spinal cords of me/me mice. Finally, me/me macrophages were more responsive than wild-type macrophages to chemoattractive stimuli secreted by me/me glial cells, indicating a mechanism for the increased numbers of infiltrating macrophages seen in the CNS of me/me mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that infiltrating macrophages in SHP-1-deficient mice play a crucial role in promoting viral replication by providing abundant viral targets and contribute to increased proinflammatory gene expression relevant to the effector mechanisms of macrophage-mediated demyelination.
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