1
|
Uzieliene I, Popov A, Vaiciuleviciute R, Kirdaite G, Bernotiene E, Ramanaviciene A. Polypyrrole-based structures for activation of cellular functions under electrical stimulation. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 155:108585. [PMID: 37847982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (Ppy) is an electroconductive polymer used in various applications, including in vitro experiments with cell cultures under electrical stimulation (ES). Ppy can be applied in various forms and most importantly, it is biocompatible with cells. Ppy specifically directs ES to cells, which makes Ppy a potential polymer for the development of novel technologies for targeted tissue regeneration. The high potential of ES in combination with different Ppy-based systems, such as hydrogels, scaffolds, or Ppy-layers is advantageous to stimulate cellular differentiation towards neurogenic, cardiac, muscle, and osteogenic lineages. Different in-house devices and the principles of ES application used to stimulate cellular functions are reviewed and summarized. The focus of this review is to observe the most relevant studies and their in-house techniques regarding the application of Ppy-based materials for the use of bone, neural, cardiac, and muscle tissue regeneration under ES. Different types of Ppy materials, such as Ppy particles, layers/films, membranes, and 3D-shaped synthetic and natural scaffolds, as well as combining Ppy with different active molecules are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anton Popov
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas - Center on Nanotechnology and Materials Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko g. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raminta Vaiciuleviciute
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gailute Kirdaite
- Department of Experimental, Preventive and Clinical Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, VilniusTech, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas - Center on Nanotechnology and Materials Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko g. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yi H, Patel R, Patel KD, Bouchard LS, Jha A, Perriman AW, Patel M. Conducting polymer-based scaffolds for neuronal tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11006-11023. [PMID: 37953707 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01838e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal tissue engineering has immense potential for treating neurological disorders and facilitating nerve regeneration. Conducting polymers (CPs) have emerged as a promising class of materials owing to their unique electrical conductivity and biocompatibility. CPs, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PANi), have been extensively explored for their ability to provide electrical cues to neural cells. These polymers are widely used in various forms, including porous scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanofibers, and offer an ideal platform for promoting cell adhesion, differentiation, and axonal outgrowth. CP-based scaffolds can also serve as drug delivery systems, enabling localized and controlled release of neurotrophic factors and therapeutic agents to enhance neural regeneration and repair. CP-based scaffolds have demonstrated improved neural regeneration, both in vitro and in vivo, for treating spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries. In this review, we discuss synthesis and scaffold processing methods for CPs and their applications in neuronal tissue regeneration. We focused on a detailed literature review of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagje Yi
- Bio-Convergence (BC), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy & Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21938, South Korea
| | - Kapil D Patel
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry (RSC), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Adam Willis Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry (RSC), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schöbel L, Boccaccini AR. A review of glycosaminoglycan-modified electrically conductive polymers for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:45-65. [PMID: 37532132 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The application areas of electrically conductive polymers have been steadily growing since their discovery in the late 1970s. Recently, electrically conductive polymers have found their way into biomedicine, allowing the realization of many relevant applications ranging from bioelectronics to scaffolds for tissue engineering. Extracellular matrix components, such as glycosaminoglycans, build an important class of biomaterials that are heavily researched for biomedical applications due to their favorable properties. Due to their highly anionic character and the presence of sulfate groups in glycosaminoglycans, these biomolecules can be employed to functionalize conductive polymers, which enables the tailorability and improvement of cell-material interactions of conductive polymers. This review paper gives an overview of recent research on glycosaminoglycan-modified conductive polymers intended for biomedical applications and discusses the effect of different biological dopants on material characteristics, such as surface roughness, stiffness, and electrochemical properties. Moreover, the key findings of the biological characterization in vitro and in vivo are summarized, and remaining challenges in the field, particularly related to the modification of electrically conductive polymers with glycosaminoglycans to achieve improved functional and biological outcomes, are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of functional biomaterials based on electrically conductive polymers (CPs) for various biomedical applications, such as neural regeneration, drug delivery, or bioelectronics, has been increasingly investigated over the last decades. Recent literature has shown that changes in the synthesis procedure or the chosen dopant could adjust the resulting material characteristics. Hence, an interesting approach lies in using natural biomolecules as dopants for CPs to tailor the biological outcome. This review comprehensively summarizes the state of the art in the field of glycosaminoglycan-modified electrically conductive polymers for the first time, particularly highlighting the effect of the chosen dopant on material characteristics, such as surface morphology or stiffness, electrochemical properties, and consequently, cell-material interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schöbel
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paramshetti S, Angolkar M, Al Fatease A, Alshahrani SM, Hani U, Garg A, Ravi G, Osmani RAM. Revolutionizing Drug Delivery and Therapeutics: The Biomedical Applications of Conductive Polymers and Composites-Based Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041204. [PMID: 37111689 PMCID: PMC10145001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first conductive polymers (CPs) were developed during the 1970s as a unique class of organic substances with properties that are electrically and optically comparable to those of inorganic semiconductors and metals while also exhibiting the desirable traits of conventional polymers. CPs have become a subject of intensive research due to their exceptional qualities, such as high mechanical and optical properties, tunable electrical characteristics, ease of synthesis and fabrication, and higher environmental stability than traditional inorganic materials. Although conducting polymers have several limitations in their pure state, coupling with other materials helps overcome these drawbacks. Owing to the fact that various types of tissues are responsive to stimuli and electrical fields has made these smart biomaterials attractive for a range of medical and biological applications. For various applications, including the delivery of drugs, biosensors, biomedical implants, and tissue engineering, electrical CPs and composites have attracted significant interest in both research and industry. These bimodalities can be programmed to respond to both internal and external stimuli. Additionally, these smart biomaterials have the ability to deliver drugs in various concentrations and at an extensive range. This review briefly discusses the commonly used CPs, composites, and their synthesis processes. Further highlights the importance of these materials in drug delivery along with their applicability in various delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alshahrani
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Bisha University, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankitha Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Gundawar Ravi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borges MHR, Nagay BE, Costa RC, Souza JGS, Mathew MT, Barão VAR. Recent advances of polypyrrole conducting polymer film for biomedical application: Toward a viable platform for cell-microbial interactions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102860. [PMID: 36931199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most studied conductive polymers due to its electrical conductivity and biological properties, which drive the possibility of numerous applications in the biomedical area. The physical-chemical features of PPy allow the manufacture of biocompatible devices, enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, owing to the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged bacterial cell wall and the positive charges in the polymer structure, PPy films can perform an effective antimicrobial activity. PPy is also frequently associated with biocompatible agents and antimicrobial compounds to improve the biological response. Thus, this comprehensive review appraised the available evidence regarding the PPy-based films deposited on metallic implanted devices for biomedical applications. We focus on understanding key concepts that could influence PPy attributes regarding antimicrobial effect and cell behavior under in vitro and in vivo settings. Furthermore, we unravel the several agents incorporated into the PPy film and strategies to improve its functionality. Our findings suggest that incorporating other elements into the PPy films, such as antimicrobial agents, biomolecules, and other biocompatible polymers, may improve the biological responses. Overall, the basic properties of PPy, when combined with other composites, electrostimulation techniques, or surface treatment methods, offer great potential in biocompatibility and/or antimicrobial activities. However, challenges in synthesis standardization and potential limitations such as low adhesion and mechanical strength of the film must be overcome to improve and broaden the application of PPy film in biomedical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria H R Borges
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna E Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Raphael C Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel S Souza
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UNG), Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo 07023-070, Brazil; Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-303, Brazil
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Electrical Stimulation and Cellular Behaviors in Electric Field in Biomedical Research. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010165. [PMID: 35009311 PMCID: PMC8746014 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on the cellular response to electrical stimulation (ES) and its mechanisms focusing on potential clinic applications has been quietly intensified recently. However, the unconventional nature of this methodology has fertilized a great variety of techniques that make the interpretation and comparison of experimental outcomes complicated. This work reviews more than a hundred publications identified mostly from Medline, categorizes the techniques, and comments on their merits and weaknesses. Electrode-based ES, conductive substrate-mediated ES, and noninvasive stimulation are the three principal categories used in biomedical research and clinic. ES has been found to enhance cell proliferation, growth, migration, and stem cell differentiation, showing an important potential in manipulating cellular activities in both normal and pathological conditions. However, inappropriate parameters or setup can have negative effects. The complexity of the delivered electric signals depends on how they are generated and in what form. It is also difficult to equate one set of parameters with another. Mechanistic studies are rare and badly needed. Even so, ES in combination with advanced materials and nanotechnology is developing a strong footing in biomedical research and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
7
|
Maruthapandi M, Saravanan A, Das P, Luong JHT, Gedanken A. Microbial inhibition and biosensing with multifunctional carbon dots: Progress and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107843. [PMID: 34624454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) and their doped counterparts including nitrogen-doped CDs (N@CDs) have been synthesized by bottom-up or top-down approaches from different precursors. The attractiveness of such emerging 2D‑carbon-based nanosized materials is attributed to their excellent biocompatibility, preparation, aqueous dispersibility, and functionality. The antimicrobial, optical, and electrochemical properties of CDs have been advocated for two important biotechnological applications: bacterial eradication and sensing/biosensing. CDs as well as N@CDs act as antimicrobial agents as their surfaces encompass functional hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups that generate free radicals. As a new class of photoluminescent nanomaterials, CDs can be employed in diversified analytics. CDs with surface carboxyl or amino groups form nanocomposites with nanomaterials or be conjugated with biorecognition molecules toward the development of sensors/biosensors. The deployment of conductive CDs in electrochemical sensing has also increased significantly because of their quantum size, excellent biocompatibility, enzyme-mimicking activity, and high surface area. The review also addresses the ongoing challenges and promises of CDs in pathogenesis and analytics. Perspectives on the future possibilities include the use of CDs in microbial viability assay, wound healing, antiviral therapy, and medical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy Maruthapandi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Arumugam Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Poushali Das
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - John H T Luong
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molino BZ, Fukuda J, Molino PJ, Wallace GG. Redox Polymers for Tissue Engineering. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:669763. [PMID: 35047925 PMCID: PMC8757887 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.669763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This review will focus on the targeted design, synthesis and application of redox polymers for use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. We define redox polymers to encompass a variety of polymeric materials, from the multifunctional conjugated conducting polymers to graphene and its derivatives, and have been adopted for use in the engineering of several types of stimulus responsive tissues. We will review the fundamental properties of organic conducting polymers (OCPs) and graphene, and how their properties are being tailored to enhance material - biological interfacing. We will highlight the recent development of high-resolution 3D fabrication processes suitable for biomaterials, and how the fabrication of intricate scaffolds at biologically relevant scales is providing exciting opportunities for the application of redox polymers for both in-vitro and in-vivo tissue engineering. We will discuss the application of OCPs in the controlled delivery of bioactive compounds, and the electrical and mechanical stimulation of cells to drive behaviour and processes towards the generation of specific functional tissue. We will highlight the relatively recent advances in the use of graphene and the exploitation of its physicochemical and electrical properties in tissue engineering. Finally, we will look forward at the future of organic conductors in tissue engineering applications, and where the combination of materials development and fabrication processes will next unite to provide future breakthroughs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Z. Molino
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Junji Fukuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Paul J. Molino
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou X, Song R, Wang D, Fang C, Song Y, Yu R, Wang Q, Deng J. Facile preparation of functional and hybrid coatings by precipitations of polypyrrole and lysozyme via co‐assembly process. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Renfang Song
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Changqing Fang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yonghua Song
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Ruien Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jingrui Deng
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fibrinogen, collagen, and transferrin adsorption to poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-xylorhamno-uronic glycan composite conducting polymer biomaterials for wound healing applications. Biointerphases 2021; 16:021003. [PMID: 33752337 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the conducting polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with an algal-derived glycan extract, Phycotrix™ [xylorhamno-uronic glycan (XRU84)], as an innovative electrically conductive material capable of providing beneficial biological and electrical cues for the promotion of favorable wound healing processes. Increased loading of the algal XRU84 into PEDOT resulted in a reduced surface nanoroughness and interfacial surface area and an increased static water contact angle. PEDOT-XRU84 films demonstrated good electrical stability and charge storage capacity and a reduced impedance relative to the control gold electrode. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring study of protein adsorption (transferrin, fibrinogen, and collagen) showed that collagen adsorption increased significantly with increased XRU84 loading, while transferrin adsorption was significantly reduced. The viscoelastic properties of adsorbed protein, characterized using the ΔD/Δf ratio, showed that for transferrin and fibrinogen, a rigid, dehydrated layer was formed at low XRU84 loadings. Cell studies using human dermal fibroblasts demonstrated excellent cell viability, with fluorescent staining of the cell cytoskeleton illustrating all polymers to present excellent cell adhesion and spreading after 24 h.
Collapse
|
11
|
Korupalli C, Li H, Nguyen N, Mi F, Chang Y, Lin Y, Sung H. Conductive Materials for Healing Wounds: Their Incorporation in Electroactive Wound Dressings, Characterization, and Perspectives. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001384. [PMID: 33274846 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of conductive materials to promote the activity of electrically responsive cells is an effective means of accelerating wound healing. This article focuses on recent advancements in conductive materials, with emphasis on overviewing their incorporation with non-conducting polymers to fabricate electroactive wound dressings. The characteristics of these electroactive dressings are deliberated, and the mechanisms on how they accelerate the wound healing process are discussed. Potential directions for the future development of electroactive wound dressings and their potential in monitoring the course of wound healing in vivo concomitantly are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Korupalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
| | - Nhien Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
| | - Fwu‐Long Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan 110 ROC
| | - Yen Chang
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan 970 ROC
| | - Yu‐Jung Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
- Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan 11529 ROC
| | - Hsing‐Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miar S, Ong JL, Bizios R, Guda T. Electrically Stimulated Tunable Drug Delivery From Polypyrrole-Coated Polyvinylidene Fluoride. Front Chem 2021; 9:599631. [PMID: 33614599 PMCID: PMC7892451 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.599631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulus-responsive drug delivery from conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) has been limited by lack of versatile polymerization techniques and limitations in drug-loading strategies. In the present study, we report an in-situ chemical polymerization technique for incorporation of biotin, as the doping agent, to establish electrosensitive drug release from PPy-coated substrates. Aligned electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers were used as a substrate for the PPy-coating and basic fibroblast growth factor and nerve growth factor were the model growth factors demonstrated for potential applications in musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. It was observed that 18-h of continuous polymerization produced an optimal coating of PPy on the surface of the PVDF electrospun fibers with significantly increased hydrophilicity and no substantial changes observed in fiber orientation or individual fiber thickness. This PPy-PVDF system was used as the platform for loading the aforementioned growth factors, using streptavidin as the drug-complex carrier. The release profile of incorporated biotinylated growth factors exhibited electrosensitive release behavior while the PPy-PVDF complex proved stable for a period of 14 days and suitable as a stimulus responsive drug delivery depot. Critically, the growth factors retained bioactivity after release. In conclusion, the present study established a systematic methodology to prepare PPy coated systems with electrosensitive drug release capabilities which can potentially be used to encourage targeted tissue regeneration and other biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar AM, Adesina AY, Hussein M, Umoren SA, Ramakrishna S, Saravanan S. Preparation and characterization of Pectin/Polypyrrole based multifunctional coatings on TiNbZr alloy for orthopaedic applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 242:116285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Application of conducting polymers to wound care and skin tissue engineering: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 135:50-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
15
|
González-Torres M, Olayo MG, Gómez LM, Morales J, Olayo R, Ramírez R, Flores FG, Mejía-Cuero MR, Cruz GJ. Chemical interactions of heparin in porous polypyrrole, an example of drug–carrier destructive interaction. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Shang L, Huang Z, Pu X, Yin G, Chen X. Preparation of Graphene Oxide-Doped Polypyrrole Composite Films with Stable Conductivity and Their Effect on the Elongation and Alignment of Neurite. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1268-1278. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ximing Pu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xianchun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chakraborty R, Seesala VS, Manna JS, Saha P, Dhara S. Synthesis, characterization and cytocompatibility assessment of hydroxyapatite-polypyrrole composite coating synthesized through pulsed reverse electrochemical deposition. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 94:597-607. [PMID: 30423745 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Composite coating of hydroxyapatite-polypyrrole is synthesized with the help of pulsed reverse electrochemical deposition method from aqueous bath through in-situ formation and co-deposition of both phases simultaneously over metallic stainless steel surface. The inter phase bonding along with surface energy variation and morphology is tuned with the help of deposition current density, deposition time and reverse duty cycle. Hydroxyapatite (HA) lattice exhibits unidirectional growth along the highest atomic plane of 〈111〉 parallel to the coating surface. Different kind of deposited hydroxyapatite structures, namely lamellar and spherical particle scaffold, are observed at moderate and high current densities respectively together with the incorporation of polypyrrole (PPy) phase in between. Pyrrole ring stretching and bond strengthening represent the bonding with hydroxyapatite lattice, which in turn helps to increase the overall corrosion resistance of composite coating by ten-fold as compared to bare PPY coating. The coating deposited with moderate current density (10 mA/cm2) seems to be the optimum one regarding the faster-interconnected growth of MG63 cells over the coating surface along with highest corrosion resistance and anodic passivation capability. Presence of sub-micron level ceramic hydroxyapatite scaffold along with polymer filler material makes this composite biocompatible coating as a potential candidate to use over the load bearing metallic implant surfaces due to its sufficient elasticity along with superior toughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Venkata S Seesala
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Jhimli Sarkar Manna
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Partha Saha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
He S, Song H, Wu J, Li SH, Weisel RD, Sung HW, Li J, Li RK. Preservation of conductive propagation after surgical repair of cardiac defects with a bio-engineered conductive patch. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:912-924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
19
|
Kenry, Liu B. Conductive Polymer‐Based Functional Structures for Neural Therapeutic Applications. CONJUGATED POLYMERS FOR BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 2018:243-267. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527342747.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
20
|
Christoff-Tempesta T, Lew AJ, Ortony JH. Beyond Covalent Crosslinks: Applications of Supramolecular Gels. Gels 2018; 4:E40. [PMID: 30674816 PMCID: PMC6209248 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, gels have been defined by their covalently cross-linked polymer networks. Supramolecular gels challenge this framework by relying on non-covalent interactions for self-organization into hierarchical structures. This class of materials offers a variety of novel and exciting potential applications. This review draws together recent advances in supramolecular gels with an emphasis on their proposed uses as optoelectronic, energy, biomedical, and biological materials. Additional special topics reviewed include environmental remediation, participation in synthesis procedures, and other industrial uses. The examples presented here demonstrate unique benefits of supramolecular gels, including tunability, processability, and self-healing capability, enabling a new approach to solve engineering challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ty Christoff-Tempesta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Andrew J Lew
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Julia H Ortony
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Polypyrrole as Electrically Conductive Biomaterials: Synthesis, Biofunctionalization, Potential Applications and Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:347-370. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
22
|
Zhang BGX, Spinks GM, Gorkin R, Sangian D, Di Bella C, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Wallace GG, Choong PFM. In vivo biocompatibility of porous and non-porous polypyrrole based trilayered actuators. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:172. [PMID: 28956202 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Trilayered polypyrrole (PPy) actuators have high stress density, low modulus and have wide potential biological applications including use in artificial muscles and in limb prosthesis after limb amputation. This article examines the in vivo biocompatibility of actuators in muscle using rabbit models. The actuators were specially designed with pores to encourage tissue in growth; this study also assessed the effect of such pores on the stability of the actuators in vivo. Trilayered PPy actuators were either laser cut with 150 µm pores or left pore-less and implanted into rabbit muscle for 3 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks and retrieved subsequently for histological analysis. In a second set of experiments, the cut edges of pores in porous actuator strips were further sealed by PPy after laser cutting to further improve its stability in vivo. Porous actuators with and without PPy sealing of pore edges were implanted intramuscularly for 4 and 8 weeks and assessed with histology. Pore-less actuators incited a mild inflammatory response, becoming progressively walled off by a thin layer of fibrous tissue. Porous actuators showed increased PPy fragmentation and delamination with associated greater foreign body response compared to pore-less actuators. The PPy fragmentation was minimized when the pore edges were sealed off by PPy after laser cutting showing less PPy debris. Laser cutting of the actuators with pores destabilizes the PPy. This can be overcome by sealing the cut edges of the pores with PPy after laser. The findings in this article have implications in future design and manufacturing of PPy actuator for use in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bill G X Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and the University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and the University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Spinks
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Robert Gorkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Danial Sangian
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and the University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and the University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and the University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Peter F M Choong
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and the University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and the University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Berti FV, Srisuk P, da Silva LP, Marques AP, Reis RL, Correlo VM. * Synthesis and Characterization of Electroactive Gellan Gum Spongy-Like Hydrogels for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:968-979. [PMID: 28152667 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances on materials' research for tissue engineering (TE) applications have shown that animal cells respond directly to the material physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical stimuli altering a variety of cell signaling cascades, which consequently result in phenotypic and genotypic alterations. Gellan gum (GG) spongy-like hydrogels (SLH) with open microstructure, mechanical properties, and cell performance have shown promising results for soft TE applications. Taking advantage of intrinsic properties of GG-SLH and polypyrrole (PPy) electroactivity, we developed electroactive PPy-GG-SLH envisaging their potential use for skeletal muscle TE. Three different methods of in situ chemical oxidative polymerization were developed based on the availability of pyrrole: freely dissolved in solution (method I and III) or immobilized into GG hydrogels (method II). PPy was homogeneously distributed within (method I and III) and on the surface (method II) of GG-SLH, as also confirmed by Fourier Transform infrared spectra. PPy-GG-SLH showed higher conductivity than GG-SLH (p < 0.05) whereas PPy-GG-SLH (method I and II) showed the best conductivity among the 3 methods (∼1 to 2 × 10-4 S/cm). The microarchitecture of PPy-GG-SLH (method I) was similar to GG-SLH but PPy-GG-SLH (method II and III) presented smaller pore sizes and lower porosity. PPy-GG-SLH (method I and II) compressive modulus (∼450-500 KPa) and recovering capacity (∼75-90%) was higher than GG-SLH, nevertheless the mechanical properties of PPy-GG-SLH (method III) were lower. The water uptake of PPy-GG-SLH was rapidly up to 2500% and were stable along 60 days of degradation being the maximum weight loss 20%. Mechanically stable and electroactive PPy-GG-SLH (method I and II) were analyzed regarding cellular performance. PPy-GG-SLH were not cytotoxic for L929 cells. In addition, L929 and C2C12 myoblast cells were able to adhere and spread within PPy-GG-SLH, showing improved spreading in comparison to GG-SLH performance. Overall, PPy-GG-SLH show promising features as an alternative electroactive platform to analyze the influence of electrical stimulation on skeletal muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V Berti
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Guimarães, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pathomthat Srisuk
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Guimarães, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães, Portugal .,3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Lucília P da Silva
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Guimarães, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Guimarães, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Guimarães, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Guimarães, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Santos NF, Cicuéndez M, Holz T, Silva VS, Fernandes AJS, Vila M, Costa FM. Diamond-Graphite Nanoplatelet Surfaces as Conductive Substrates for the Electrical Stimulation of Cell Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1331-1342. [PMID: 28001360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The nanocarbon allotropes constitute valid alternatives when designing control and actuation devices for electrically assisted tissue regeneration purposes, gathering among them important characteristics such as chemical inertness, biocompatibility, extreme mechanical properties, and, importantly, low and tailorable electrical resistivity. In this work, coatings of thin (100 nm) vertically aligned nanoplatelets composed of diamond (5 nm) and graphite were produced via a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) technique and used as substrates for electrical stimulation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. Increasing the amount of N2 up to 14.5 vol % during growth lowers the coatings' electrical resistivity by over 1 order of magnitude, triggers the nanoplatelet vertical growth, and leads to the higher crystalline quality of the nanographite phase. When preosteoblasts were cultured on these substrates and subjected to two consecutive daily cycles of 3 μA direct current stimulation, enhanced cell proliferation and metabolism were observed accompanied by high cell viability. Furthermore, in the absence of DC stimulation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity is increased significantly, denoting an up-regulating effect of preosteoblastic maturation intrinsically exerted by the nanoplatelet substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N F Santos
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Cicuéndez
- TEMA-NRG, Mechanical Engineering Department and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - T Holz
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - V S Silva
- CESAM, Biology Department, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A J S Fernandes
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Vila
- TEMA-NRG, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F M Costa
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou JF, Wang YG, Cheng L, Wu Z, Sun XD, Peng J. Preparation of polypyrrole-embedded electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1644-1652. [PMID: 27904497 PMCID: PMC5116845 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.193245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) is a biocompatible polymer with good conductivity. Studies combining PPy with electrospinning have been reported; however, the associated decrease in PPy conductivity has not yet been resolved. We embedded PPy into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers via electrospinning and fabricated a PLA/PPy nanofibrous scaffold containing 15% PPy with sustained conductivity and aligned topography. There was good biocompatibility between the scaffold and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as well as Schwann cells. Additionally, the direction of cell elongation on the scaffold was parallel to the direction of fibers. Our findings suggest that the aligned PLA/PPy nanofibrous scaffold is a promising biomaterial for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-guo Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-dan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Neural Regeneration Co-innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang K, Zheng H, Liang S, Gao C. Aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds coated with graphene oxide for promoting neural cell growth. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:131-42. [PMID: 27063493 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The graphene oxide (GO) has attracted tremendous attention in biomedical fields. In order to combine the unique physicochemical properties of GO nanosheets with topological structure of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve regeneration, the GO nanosheets were coated onto aligned and aminolyzed poly-l-lactide (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the surface of aligned PLLA nanofibers after being coated with GO became rougher than those of the aligned PLLA and aminolyzed PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds. The GO nanosheets did not destroy the alignment of nanofibers. The characterizations of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle displayed that the aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds were introduced with hydrophilic groups such as NH2, COOH, and OH after aminolysis and GO nanosheets coating, showing better hydrophilicity. The GO-coated and aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds significantly promoted Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation with directed cytoskeleton along the nanofibers compared with the aligned PLLA and aminolyzed PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds. These scaffolds also greatly improved the proliferation of rat pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells, and significantly promoted their differentiation and neurite growth along the nanofibrous alignment in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). This type of scaffolds with nanofibrous surface topography and GO nanosheets is expected to show better performance in nerve regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Recovery of damaged nerve functions remains a principal clinical challenge in spite of surgical intervention and entubulation. The use of aligned fibrous scaffolds provides suitable microenvironment for nerve cell attachment, proliferation and migration, enhancing the regeneration outcome of nerve tissue. Surface modification is generally required for the synthetic polymeric fibers by laminin, fibronectin and YIGSR peptides to stimulate specific cell functions and neurite outgrowth. Yet these proteins or peptides present the poor processibility, limited availability, and high cost, influencing their application in clinic. In this work, we combined GO nanosheets and topological structure of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds to direct cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, and to induce neurite outgrowth for nerve regeneration. The GO coating improved several biomedical properties of the aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds including surface roughness, hydrophilicity and promotion of cells/material interactions, which significantly promoted SCs growth and regulated cell orientation, and induced PC12 cells differentiation and neurite growth. The design of this type of structure is of both scientific and technical importance, and possesses broad interest in the fields of biomaterials, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
27
|
Growth and follow-up of primary cortical neuron cells on nonfunctionalized graphene nanosheet film. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2016; 14:e26-34. [PMID: 26952583 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conductive biomaterials are an ideal biosubstrate for modifying cellular behaviors by conducting either internal or external electrical signals. In this study, based on a simple-preparation graphite exfoliation method in organic reagent, a nonfunctionalized graphene nanosheet film (NGNF) with high conductivity and large size was simply fabricated through spraying coating. The biocompatibility of the NGNF was carefully tested with primary cortical neuron cells, and its biocompatibility properties were compared with a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene film. METHODS Nonfunctionalized graphene nanosheet (NGN) was first exfoliated from graphite with a flat-tip ultrasonicator probe, and then spray-coated onto glass slide substrate to form the film. The morphology of NGNF was observed with light microscopy and SEM. The morphology and neuronal network formation of primary cortical neuron cells onto NGNF, as shown by DAPI and Alexa Fluor® 488 staining, were observed with fluorescent microscopy. Cell viability and proliferation were measured with MTT. RESULTS NGNF had better cell biocompatibility than CVD graphene film. MTT test showed that NGNF exhibited no cytotoxicity. According to neuronal network formation at 7 days of cell culture, primary neuron cells aggregated into 50-μm "nuclei"; the average neurite number and length were 3 and 100 μm, respectively. However, these values were almost doubled after 14 days of cell culture. CONCLUSIONS These results may improve the use of NGNF as a conductive scaffold for nerve regeneration.
Collapse
|
28
|
Samadian H, Zakariaee SS, Adabi M, Mobasheri H, Azami M, Faridi-Majidi R. Effective parameters on conductivity of mineralized carbon nanofibers: an investigation using artificial neural networks. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21596c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to predict the effects of different parameters on the conductivity of mineralized PAN-based carbon nanofibers by the artificial neural network (ANN) method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Samadian
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Seyed Salman Zakariaee
- Department of Medical Physics
- School of Medicine
- Ilam University of Medical Sciences
- Ilam
- Iran
| | - Mahdi Adabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hamid Mobasheri
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Macromolecules
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Electrical Stimulation Modulates the Expression of Multiple Wound Healing Genes in Primary Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1982-90. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
30
|
Biocompatible xanthan/polypyrrole scaffolds for tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 52:121-8. [PMID: 25953548 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) was electropolymerized in xanthan hydrogels (XCA), resulting in electroactive XCAPPy scaffolds with (15 ± 3) wt.% PPy and (40 ± 10) μm thick. The physicochemical characterization of hybrid XCAPPy scaffolds was performed by means of cyclic voltammetry, swelling tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and tensile tests. XCAPPy swelled~80% less than XCA. FTIR spectra and thermal analyses did not evidence strong interaction between PPy and XCA matrix. XCAPPy presented a porous stratified structure resulting from the arrangement of PPy chains parallel to XCA surface. Under stress XCAPPy presented larger strain than neat XCA probably due to the sliding of planar PPy chains. The adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts onto XCA and XCAPPy were evaluated in the absence and in the presence of external magnetic field (EMF) of 0.4T, after one day, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. Fibroblast proliferation was more pronounced onto XCAPPy than onto XCA, due to its higher hydrophobicity and surface roughness. EMF stimulated cell proliferation onto both scaffolds.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kaur G, Adhikari R, Cass P, Bown M, Gunatillake P. Electrically conductive polymers and composites for biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01851j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a review of the recent advances made in the field of electroactive polymers and composites for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Kaur
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | | - Peter Cass
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Mark Bown
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee JY, Schmidt CE. Amine-functionalized polypyrrole: Inherently cell adhesive conducting polymer. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2126-32. [PMID: 25294089 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrically conducting polymers (CPs) have been recognized as novel biomaterials that can electrically communicate with biological systems. For their tissue engineering applications, CPs have been modified to promote cell adhesion for improved interactions between biomaterials and cells/tissues. Conventional approaches to improve cell adhesion involve the surface modification of CPs with biomolecules, such as physical adsorption of cell adhesive proteins and polycationic polymers, or their chemical immobilization; however, these approaches require additional multiple modification steps with expensive biomolecules. In this study, as a simple and effective alternative to such additional biomolecule treatment, we synthesized amine-functionalized polypyrrole (APPy) that inherently presents cell adhesion-supporting positive charges under physiological conditions. The synthesized APPy provides electrical activity in a moderate range and a hydrophilic surface compared to regular polypyrrole (PPy) homopolymers. Under both serum and serum-free conditions, APPy exhibited superior attachment of human dermal fibroblasts and Schwann cells compared to PPy homopolymer controls. Moreover, Schwann cell adhesion onto the APPy copolymer was at least similar to that on poly-l-lysine treated PPy controls. Our results indicate that amine-functionalized CP substrates will be useful to achieve good cell adhesion and potentially electrically stimulate various cells. In addition, amine functionality present on CPs can further serve as a novel and flexible platform to chemically tether various bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, antibodies, and chemical drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Y Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Engineering, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Alizadeh N, Tavoli F. Enhancing electrochromic contrast and redox stability of nanostructure polypyrrole film doped by heparin as polyanion in different solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naader Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University; P.O. Box 14115-175 Tehran Iran
| | - Farnaz Tavoli
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University; P.O. Box 14115-175 Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nerve cell differentiation using constant and programmed electrical stimulation through conductive non-functional graphene nanosheets film. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
35
|
Balint R, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Conductive polymers: towards a smart biomaterial for tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2341-53. [PMID: 24556448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 871] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing stimulus-responsive biomaterials with easy-to-tailor properties is a highly desired goal of the tissue engineering community. A novel type of electroactive biomaterial, the conductive polymer, promises to become one such material. Conductive polymers are already used in fuel cells, computer displays and microsurgical tools, and are now finding applications in the field of biomaterials. These versatile polymers can be synthesised alone, as hydrogels, combined into composites or electrospun into microfibres. They can be created to be biocompatible and biodegradable. Their physical properties can easily be optimized for a specific application through binding biologically important molecules into the polymer using one of the many available methods for their functionalization. Their conductive nature allows cells or tissue cultured upon them to be stimulated, the polymers' own physical properties to be influenced post-synthesis and the drugs bound in them released, through the application of an electrical signal. It is thus little wonder that these polymers are becoming very important materials for biosensors, neural implants, drug delivery devices and tissue engineering scaffolds. Focusing mainly on polypyrrole, polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), we review conductive polymers from the perspective of tissue engineering. The basic properties of conductive polymers, their chemical and electrochemical synthesis, the phenomena underlying their conductivity and the ways to tailor their properties (functionalization, composites, etc.) are discussed.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ferraz N, Mihranyan A. Is there a future for electrochemically assisted hemodialysis? Focus on the application of polypyrrole–nanocellulose composites. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1095-110. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole–Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology & Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology & Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rouabhia M, Park H, Meng S, Derbali H, Zhang Z. Electrical stimulation promotes wound healing by enhancing dermal fibroblast activity and promoting myofibroblast transdifferentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71660. [PMID: 23990967 PMCID: PMC3747189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has long been used as an alternative clinical treatment and an effective approach to modulate cellular behaviours. In this work we investigated the effects of ES on human skin fibroblast activity, myofibroblast transdifferentiation and the consequence on wound healing. Normal human fibroblasts were seeded on heparin-bioactivated PPy/PLLA conductive membranes, cultured for 24 h, and then exposed to ES of 50 or 200 mV/mm for 2, 4, or 6 h. Following ES, the cells were either subjected to various analyses or re-seeded to investigate their healing capacity. Our findings show that ES had no cytotoxic effect on the fibroblasts, as demonstrated by the similar LDH activity levels in the ES-exposed and non-exposed cultures, and by the comparable cell viability under both conditions. Furthermore, the number of viable fibroblasts was higher following exposure to 6 h of ES than in the non-exposed culture. This enhanced cell growth was likely due to the ES up-regulated secretion of FGF-1 and FGF-2. In an in vitro scratch-wound assay where cell monolayer was used as a healing model, the electrically stimulated dermal fibroblasts migrated faster following exposure to ES and recorded a high contractile behaviour toward the collagen gel matrix. This enhanced contraction was supported by the high level of α-smooth muscle actin expressed by the fibroblasts following exposure to ES, indicating the characteristics of myofibroblasts. Remarkably, the modulation of fibroblast growth continued long after ES. In conclusion, this work demonstrates for the first time that exposure to ES promoted skin fibroblast growth and migration, increased growth factor secretion, and promoted fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation, thus promoting wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Research Group on Oral Ecology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Faculty of Dentistry, Research Group on Oral Ecology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Saint-François d’Assise Hospital Research Center, CHU, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shiyun Meng
- College of Environment and Biotechnology, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Habib Derbali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Research Group on Oral Ecology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Saint-François d’Assise Hospital Research Center, CHU, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ze Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Saint-François d’Assise Hospital Research Center, CHU, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vaitkuviene A, Kaseta V, Voronovic J, Ramanauskaite G, Biziuleviciene G, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of polypyrrole nanoparticles synthesized by oxidative polymerization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 250-251:167-174. [PMID: 23454454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (Ppy) is known as biocompatible material, which is used in some diverse biomedical applications and seeming to be a very promising for advanced biotechnological applications. In order to increase our understanding about biocompatibility of Ppy, in this study pure Ppy nanoparticles (Ppy-NPs) of fixed size and morphology were prepared by one-step oxidative polymerization and their cyto-compatibility was evaluated. The impact of different concentration of Ppy nanoparticles on primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), mouse hepatoma cell line (MH-22A), and human T lymphocyte Jurkat cell line was investigated. Cell morphology, viability/proliferation after the treatment by Ppy nanoparticles was evaluated. Obtained results showed that Ppy nanoparticles at low concentrations are biocompatible, while at high concentrations they became cytotoxic for Jurkat, MEF and MH-22A cells, and it was found that cytotoxic effect is dose-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Vaitkuviene
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Stewart EM, Fabretto M, Mueller M, Molino PJ, Griesser HJ, Short RD, Wallace GG. Cell attachment and proliferation on high conductivity PEDOT–glycol composites produced by vapour phase polymerisation. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:368-378. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Wang Y, Rouabhia M, Zhang Z. PPy-coated PET fabrics and electric pulse-stimulated fibroblasts. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3789-3796. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20257g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
41
|
Meng S, Rouabhia M, Zhang Z. Electrical stimulation modulates osteoblast proliferation and bone protein production through heparin-bioactivated conductive scaffolds. Bioelectromagnetics 2012; 34:189-99. [PMID: 23124591 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrical fields are known to interact with human cells. This principle has been explored to regulate cellular activities for bone tissue regeneration. In this work, Saos-2 cells were cultured on conductive scaffolds made of biodegradable poly(L-lactide) and the heparin-containing, electrically conducting polypyrrole (PPy/HE) to study their reaction to electrical stimulation (ES) mediated through such scaffolds. Both the duration and intensity of ES enhanced cell proliferation, generating a unique electrical intensity and temporal "window" within which osteoblast proliferation was upmodulated in contrast to the downmodulation or ineffectiveness in other ES regions. The favourable ES intensity (200 mV/mm) was further investigated in terms of the gene activation and protein production of two important osteoblast markers characterised by extracellular matrix maturation and mineralisation, that is alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC). Both genes were found activated and the relevant protein production increased significantly following ES. In contrast, ES in the down-modulation region (400 mV/mm) suppressed the production of both ALP and OC. This work demonstrated that important osteoblast markers can be modulated with specific ES parameters mediated through conductive polymer substrates, providing a unique strategy for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Meng
- College of Environment and Biotechnology, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ferraz N, Strømme M, Fellström B, Pradhan S, Nyholm L, Mihranyan A. In vitro and in vivo toxicity of rinsed and aged nanocellulose-polypyrrole composites. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2128-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
43
|
Zhang L, Meng S, Zhang Z. Electroactivity and Stability of Polylactide/Polypyrrole Composites. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:1931-46. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x529164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zhang
- a Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, CHUQ, 10 rue de l'Espinay, local E0-165, Québec, QC, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Shiyun Meng
- b Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, CHUQ, 10 rue de l'Espinay, local E0-165, Québec, QC, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Ze Zhang
- c Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, CHUQ, 10 rue de l'Espinay, local E0-165, Québec, QC, Canada G1L 3L5.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Meng S, Zhang Z, Rouabhia M. Accelerated osteoblast mineralization on a conductive substrate by multiple electrical stimulation. J Bone Miner Metab 2011; 29:535-44. [PMID: 21327884 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the major benefits of a conductive PPy-based substrate is that the mediated electrical stimulation (ES) can be a stimulating factor to promote tissue regeneration. We cultured osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells on a conductive substrate made of biodegradable polylactide (95 wt%) and electrically conducting polypyrrole bioactivated with heparin (PPy/HE) (5 wt%). Using multi-well electrical cell culture plates, the effect of multiple ESs on osteoblast mineralization was investigated at various culture times. As ascertained by ARS, CPC and XPS analyses, the ES was able to promote osteoblast adhesion and growth, resulting in significantly higher calcium and phosphate content in the mineral deposition of the electrically stimulated membranes. Morphology, Ca/P ratio and crystalline structure demonstrated that the minerals on the conductive substrate surface were similar to those found on typical hydroxyapatite. ES also significantly upregulated the expression of the osteoblast-specific markers ALP, BMP2, Runx2 and OC. ES through a synthetic conductive polymer substrate therefore represents a vital option to promote bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Meng
- Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, CHUQ, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bendrea AD, Cianga L, Cianga I. Review paper: Progress in the Field of Conducting Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications. J Biomater Appl 2011; 26:3-84. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211402704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on one of the most exciting applications area of conjugated conducting polymers, which is tissue engineering. Strategies used for the biocompatibility improvement of this class of polymers (including biomolecules’ entrapment or covalent grafting) and also the integrated novel technologies for smart scaffolds generation such as micropatterning, electrospinning, self-assembling are emphasized. These processing alternatives afford the electroconducting polymers nanostructures, the most appropriate forms of the materials that closely mimic the critical features of the natural extracellular matrix. Due to their capability to electronically control a range of physical and chemical properties, conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene and/or their derivatives and composites provide compatible substrates which promote cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation at the polymer—tissue interface through electrical stimulation. The activities of different types of cells on these materials are also presented in detail. Specific cell responses depend on polymers surface characteristics like roughness, surface free energy, topography, chemistry, charge, and other properties as electrical conductivity or mechanical actuation, which depend on the employed synthesis conditions. The biological functions of cells can be dramatically enhanced by biomaterials with controlled organizations at the nanometer scale and in the case of conducting polymers, by the electrical stimulation. The advantages of using biocompatible nanostructures of conducting polymers (nanofibers, nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanofilaments) in tissue engineering are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Dana Bendrea
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania,
| | - Luminita Cianga
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioan Cianga
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
The regulation of cell functions electrically using biodegradable polypyrrole–polylactide conductors. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3792-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|