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Kohestani AA, Xu Z, Baştan FE, Boccaccini AR, Pishbin F. Electrically conductive coatings in tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2024; 186:30-62. [PMID: 39128796 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent interest in tissue engineering (TE) has focused on electrically conductive biomaterials. This has been inspired by the characteristics of the cells' microenvironment where signalling is supported by electrical stimulation. Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive influence of electrical stimulation on cell excitation to proliferate, differentiate, and deposit extracellular matrix. Even without external electrical stimulation, research shows that electrically active scaffolds can improve tissue regeneration capacity. Tissues like bone, muscle, and neural contain electrically excitable cells that respond to electrical cues provided by implanted biomaterials. To introduce an electrical pathway, TE scaffolds can incorporate conductive polymers, metallic nanoparticles, and ceramic nanostructures. However, these materials often do not meet implantation criteria, such as maintaining mechanical durability and degradation characteristics, making them unsuitable as scaffold matrices. Instead, depositing conductive layers on TE scaffolds has shown promise as an efficient alternative to creating electrically conductive structures. A stratified scaffold with an electroactive surface synergistically excites the cells through active top-pathway, with/without electrical stimulation, providing an ideal matrix for cell growth, proliferation, and tissue deposition. Additionally, these conductive coatings can be enriched with bioactive or pharmaceutical components to enhance the scaffold's biomedical performance. This review covers recent developments in electrically active biomedical coatings for TE. The physicochemical and biological properties of conductive coating materials, including polymers (polypyrrole, polyaniline and PEDOT:PSS), metallic nanoparticles (gold, silver) and inorganic (ceramic) particles (carbon nanotubes, graphene-based materials and Mxenes) are examined. Each section explores the conductive coatings' deposition techniques, deposition parameters, conductivity ranges, deposit morphology, cell responses, and toxicity levels in detail. Furthermore, the applications of these conductive layers, primarily in bone, muscle, and neural TE are considered, and findings from in vitro and in vivo investigations are presented. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds are crucial for human tissue replacement and acceleration of healing. Neural, muscle, bone, and skin tissues have electrically excitable cells, and their regeneration can be enhanced by electrically conductive scaffolds. However, standalone conductive materials often fall short for TE applications. An effective approach involves coating scaffolds with a conductive layer, finely tuning surface properties while leveraging the scaffold's innate biological and physical support. Further enhancement is achieved by modifying the conductive layer with pharmaceutical components. This review explores the under-reviewed topic of conductive coatings in tissue engineering, introducing conductive biomaterial coatings and analyzing their biological interactions. It provides insights into enhancing scaffold functionality for tissue regeneration, bridging a critical gap in current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Anvari Kohestani
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran 11155-4563 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhiyan Xu
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Fatih Erdem Baştan
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Thermal Spray Research and Development Laboratory, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus, 54187, Turkey
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Fatemehsadat Pishbin
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran 11155-4563 Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Zhao G, Zhou H, Jin G, Jin B, Geng S, Luo Z, Ge Z, Xu F. Rational Design of Electrically Conductive Biomaterials toward Excitable Tissues Regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this review paper is to concentrate on the use and application of photonics in dentistry. More than one hundred review and research articles were comprehensively analysed in terms of applications of photonics in dentistry, including surgical applications, as well as dental biomaterials, diagnosis and treatments. In biomedical engineering, various fields, such as biology, chemistry, material and physics, come together in to tackle a disease/disorder either as a diagnostic tool or an option for treatment. Engineers believe that biophotonics is the application of photonics in medicine, whereas photonics is simply a technology for creating and connecting packets of light energy, known as photons. This review paper provides a comprehensive discussion of its main elements, such as photoelasticity, interferometry techniques, optical coherence tomography, different types of lasers, carbon nanotubes, graphene and quantum dots.
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Nabizadeh Z, Nasrollahzadeh M, Daemi H, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Shabani AA, Dadashpour M, Mirmohammadkhani M, Nasrabadi D. Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:363-389. [PMID: 35529803 PMCID: PMC9039523 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, which typically arises from aging, traumatic injury, or obesity, is the most common form of arthritis, which usually leads to malfunction of the joints and requires medical interventions due to the poor self-healing capacity of articular cartilage. However, currently used medical treatment modalities have reported, at least in part, disappointing and frustrating results for patients with osteoarthritis. Recent progress in the design and fabrication of tissue-engineered microscale/nanoscale platforms, which arises from the convergence of stem cell research and nanotechnology methods, has shown promising results in the administration of new and efficient options for treating osteochondral lesions. This paper presents an overview of the recent advances in osteochondral tissue engineering resulting from the application of micro- and nanotechnology approaches in the structure of biomaterials, including biological and microscale/nanoscale topographical cues, microspheres, nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nabizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Daemi
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shabani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Mirmohammadkhani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Davood Nasrabadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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5
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Elídóttir KL, Scott L, Lewis R, Jurewicz I. Biomimetic approach to articular cartilage tissue engineering using carbon nanotube-coated and textured polydimethylsiloxane scaffolds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1513:48-64. [PMID: 35288951 PMCID: PMC9545810 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a significant need to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of articular cartilage to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for diseases such as osteoarthritis. Here, we show that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are excellent candidates as a material for synthetic scaffolds to support the growth of chondrocytes—the cells that produce and maintain cartilage. Chondrocyte morphology, proliferation, and alignment were investigated as nanoscale CNT networks were applied to macroscopically textured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffolds. The application of CNTs to the surface of PDMS‐based scaffolds resulted in an up to 10‐fold increase in cell adherence and 240% increase in proliferation, which is attributable to increased nanoscale roughness and hydrophilicity. The introduction of macroscale features to PDMS induced alignment of chondrocytes, successfully mimicking the cell behavior observed in the superficial layer of cartilage. Raman spectroscopy was used as a noninvasive, label‐free method to monitor extracellular matrix production and chondrocyte phenotype. Chondrocytes on these scaffolds successfully produced collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and aggrecan. This study demonstrates that introducing physical features at different length scales allows for a high level of control over tissue scaffold design and, thus, cell behavior. Ultimately, these textured scaffolds can serve as platforms to improve the understanding of osteoarthritis and for early‐stage therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrín Lind Elídóttir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Louie Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Izabela Jurewicz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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6
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Oliveira AS, Ferreira I, Branco AC, Silva JC, Costa C, Nolasco P, Marques AC, Silva D, Colaço R, Figueiredo-Pina CG, Serro AP. Development of polycarbonate urethane-based materials with controlled diclofenac release for cartilage replacement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1839-1852. [PMID: 35226412 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are very promising human cartilage replacement materials since they are able to mimic its structure and properties. Besides, they can be used as platforms for drug delivery to reduce inflammatory postsurgical reactions. Polycarbonate urethane (PCU) has been used in orthopedic applications due to its long-term biocompatibility and bio-durability. In this work, PCU-based hydrogels with the ability to release an anti-inflammatory (diclofenac) were developed, for the first time, for such purpose. The materials were reinforced with different amounts of cellulose acetate (CA, 10%, 15%, and 25% w/w) or carbon nanotubes (CNT, 1% and 2% w/w) in order to improve their mechanical properties. Samples were characterized in terms of compressive and tensile mechanical behavior. It was found that 15% CA and 2% CNT reinforcement led to the best mechanical properties. Thus, these materials were further characterized in terms of morphology, wettability, and friction coefficient (CoF). Contrarily to CNTs, the addition of CA significantly increased the material's porosity. Both materials became more hydrophilic, and the CoF slightly increased for PCU + 15%CA. The materials were loaded by soaking with diclofenac, and drug release experiments were conducted. PCU, PCU + 15%CA and PCU + 2%CNT presented similar release profiles, being able to ensure a controlled release of DFN for at least 4 days. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity tests using human chondrocytes were also performed and confirmed a high biocompatibility for the three studied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Oliveira
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,IDMEC e Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CiiEM, Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês Ferreira
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CiiEM, Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana C Branco
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CiiEM, Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.,CDP2T, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - João C Silva
- IBB - Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências e Departamento de Bioengenharia, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Costa
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nolasco
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- CERENA, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CiiEM, Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rogério Colaço
- IDMEC e Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Célio G Figueiredo-Pina
- CiiEM, Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.,CDP2T, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal.,CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana P Serro
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CiiEM, Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
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7
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Mohammadinejad R, Ashrafizadeh M, Pardakhty A, Uzieliene I, Denkovskij J, Bernotiene E, Janssen L, Lorite GS, Saarakkala S, Mobasheri A. Nanotechnological Strategies for Osteoarthritis Diagnosis, Monitoring, Clinical Management, and Regenerative Medicine: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020; 22:12. [PMID: 32248371 PMCID: PMC7128005 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-0884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review article, we discuss the potential for employing nanotechnological strategies for the diagnosis, monitoring, and clinical management of osteoarthritis (OA) and explore how nanotechnology is being integrated rapidly into regenerative medicine for OA and related osteoarticular disorders. RECENT FINDINGS We review recent advances in this rapidly emerging field and discuss future opportunities for innovations in enhanced diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OA and other osteoarticular disorders, the smart delivery of drugs and biological agents, and the development of biomimetic regenerative platforms to support cell and gene therapies for arresting OA and promoting cartilage and bone repair. Nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, and other nanotechnology-based drug and gene delivery systems may be used for targeting molecular pathways and pathogenic mechanisms involved in OA development. Nanocomposites are also being explored as potential tools for promoting cartilage repair. Nanotechnology platforms may be combined with cell, gene, and biological therapies for the development of a new generation of future OA therapeutics. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jaroslav Denkovskij
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lauriane Janssen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PL 4500, 3FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gabriela S Lorite
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PL 4500, 3FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
- Sheik Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Orthopedics and Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, 508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Mohammadalizadeh Z, Karbasi S, Arasteh S. Physical, mechanical and biological evaluation of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)-chitosan/MWNTs as a novel electrospun scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1647244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Mohammadalizadeh
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S. Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S. Arasteh
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Świętek M, Brož A, Tarasiuk J, Wroński S, Tokarz W, Kozieł A, Błażewicz M, Bačáková L. Carbon nanotube/iron oxide hybrid particles and their PCL-based 3D composites for potential bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109913. [PMID: 31499964 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the preparation, and evaluates the biocompatibility, of hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) functionalized with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) creating hybrid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were used for preparing a composite porous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for potential utilization in regenerative medicine. Hybrid fCNT/ION nanoparticles were prepared in two mass ratios - 1:1 (H1) and 1:4 (H4). PCL scaffolds were prepared with various concentrations of the nanoparticles with fixed mass either of the whole nanoparticle hybrid or only of the fCNTs. The hybrid particles were evaluated in terms of morphology, composition and magnetic properties. The cytotoxicity of the hybrid nanoparticles and the pure fCNTs was assessed by exposing the SAOS-2 human cell line to colloids with a concentration range from 0.01 to 1 mg/ml. The results indicate a gradual increase in the cytotoxicity effect with increasing concentration. At low concentrations, interestingly, SAOS-2 metabolic activity was stimulated by the presence of IONs. The PCL scaffolds were characterized in terms of the scaffold architecture, the dispersion of the nanoparticles within the polymer matrix, and subsequently in terms of their thermal, mechanical and magnetic properties. A higher ION content was associated with the presence of larger agglomerates of particles. With exception of the scaffold with the highest content of the H4 nanoparticle hybrid, all composites were superparamagnetic. In vitro tests indicate that both components of the hybrid nanoparticles may have a positive impact on the behavior of SAOS-2 cells cultivated on the PCL composite scaffolds. The presence of fCNTs up to 1 wt% improved the cell attachment to the scaffolds, and a content of IONs below 1 wt% increased the cell metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Świętek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic; AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Antonín Brož
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jacek Tarasiuk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Mickiewicza 30, 30-59 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Wroński
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Mickiewicza 30, 30-59 Krakow, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tokarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Mickiewicza 30, 30-59 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Kozieł
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Błażewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lucie Bačáková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Shamekhi MA, Mirzadeh H, Mahdavi H, Rabiee A, Mohebbi-Kalhori D, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Graphene oxide containing chitosan scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:396-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gopinathan J, Pillai MM, Shanthakumari S, Gnanapoongothai S, Dinakar Rai BK, Santosh Sahanand K, Selvakumar R, Bhattacharyya A. Carbon nanofiber amalgamated 3D poly-ε-caprolactone scaffold functionalized porous-nanoarchitectures for human meniscal tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2247-2258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Imaninezhad M, Pemberton K, Xu F, Kalinowski K, Bera R, Zustiak SP. Directed and enhanced neurite outgrowth following exogenous electrical stimulation on carbon nanotube-hydrogel composites. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:056034. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aad65b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Pouladzadeh F, Katbab AA, Haghighipour N, Kashi E. Carbon nanotube loaded electrospun scaffolds based on thermoplastic urethane (TPU) with enhanced proliferation and neural differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells: The role of state of electrical conductivity. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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The role of photonics and natural curing agents of TGF-β1 in treatment of osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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King AAK, Matta-Domjan B, Large MJ, Matta C, Ogilvie SP, Bardi N, Byrne HJ, Zakhidov A, Jurewicz I, Velliou E, Lewis R, La Ragione R, Dalton AB. Pristine carbon nanotube scaffolds for the growth of chondrocytes. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8178-8182. [PMID: 32264461 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effective growth of chondrocytes and the formation of cartilage is demonstrated on scaffolds of aligned carbon nanotubes; as two dimensional sheets and on three dimensional textiles. Raman spectroscopy is used to confirm the presence of chondroitin sulfate, which is critical in light of the unreliability of traditional dye based assays for carbon nanomaterial substrates. The textile exhibits a very high affinity for chondrocyte growth and could present a route to implantable, flexible cartilage scaffolds with tuneable mechanical properties.
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Allaf RM, Rivero IV, Ivanov IN. Fabrication and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotube–loaded interconnected porous nanocomposite scaffolds. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1201761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Polyester type polyHIPE scaffolds with an interconnected porous structure for cartilage regeneration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28695. [PMID: 27340110 PMCID: PMC4919626 DOI: 10.1038/srep28695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of artificial materials for the facilitation of cartilage regeneration remains an important challenge in orthopedic practice. Our study investigates the potential for neocartilage formation within a synthetic polyester scaffold based on the polymerization of high internal phase emulsions. The fabrication of polyHIPE polymer (PHP) was specifically tailored to produce a highly porous (85%) structure with the primary pore size in the range of 50–170 μm for cartilage tissue engineering. The resulting PHP scaffold was proven biocompatible with human articular chondrocytes and viable cells were observed within the materials as evaluated using the Live/Dead assay and histological analysis. Chondrocytes with round nuclei were organized into multicellular layers on the PHP surface and were observed to grow approximately 300 μm into the scaffold interior. The accumulation of collagen type 2 was detected using immunohistochemistry and chondrogenic specific genes were expressed with favorable collagen type 2 to 1 ratio. In addition, PHP samples are biodegradable and their baseline mechanical properties are similar to those of native cartilage, which enhance chondrocyte cell growth and proliferation.
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Benko A, Frączek-Szczypta A, Menaszek E, Wyrwa J, Nocuń M, Błażewicz M. On the influence of various physicochemical properties of the CNTs based implantable devices on the fibroblasts' reaction in vitro. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:262. [PMID: 26464119 PMCID: PMC4604508 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coating the material with a layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been a subject of particular interest for the development of new biomaterials. Such coatings, made of properly selected CNTs, may constitute an implantable electronic device that facilitates tissue regeneration both by specific surface properties and an ability to electrically stimulate the cells. The goal of the presented study was to produce, evaluate physicochemical properties and test the applicability of highly conductible material designed as an implantable electronic device. Two types of CNTs with varying level of oxidation were chosen. The process of coating involved suspension of the material of choice in the diluent followed by the electrophoretic deposition to fabricate layers on the surface of a highly biocompatible metal-titanium. Presented study includes an assessment of the physicochemical properties of the material's surface along with an electrochemical evaluation and in vitro biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies in contact with the murine fibroblasts (L929) in attempt to answer the question how the chemical composition and CNTs distribution in the layer alters the electrical properties of the sample and whether any of these properties have influenced the overall biocompatibility and stimulated adhesion of fibroblasts. The results indicate that higher level of oxidation of CNTs yielded materials more conductive than the metal they are deposited on. In vitro study revealed that both materials were biocompatible and that the cells were not affected by the amount of the functional group and the morphology of the surface they adhered to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Benko
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Kraków, 30-059, Poland.
| | - Aneta Frączek-Szczypta
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Kraków, 30-059, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Menaszek
- Department of Cytobiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-068, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Wyrwa
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Kraków, 30-059, Poland
| | - Marek Nocuń
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Kraków, 30-059, Poland
| | - Marta Błażewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Kraków, 30-059, Poland
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19
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Deligianni DD. MWCNTs enhance hBMSCs spreading but delay their proliferation in the direction of differentiation acceleration. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:487-92. [PMID: 25482637 DOI: 10.4161/19336918.2014.969999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the ability of films of pristine multiwalled nanotubes (MWCNTs) to influence human mesenchymal stem cells' proliferation, morphology, and differentiation into osteoblasts, we concluded to the following: A. MWCNTs delay the proliferation of hBMS cells but increase their differentiation. The enhancement of the differentiation markers could be a result of decreased proliferation and maturation of the extracellular matrix B. Cell spread on MWCNTs toward a polygonal shape with many thin filopodia to attach to the surfaces. Spreading may be critical in supporting osteogenic differentiation in pre-osteoblastic progenitors, being related with cytoskeletal tension. C. hBMS cells prefer MWCNTs than tissue plastic to attach and grow, being non-toxic to these cells. MWCNTs can be regarded as osteoinductive biomaterial topographies for bone regenerative engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Deligianni
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics ; University of Patras ; Rion , Greece
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20
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Deligianni DD. MWCNTs enhance hBMSCs spreading but delay their proliferation in the direction of differentiation acceleration. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:404-17. [PMID: 25482637 DOI: 10.4161/19336918.2014.969993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the ability of films of pristine multiwalled nanotubes (MWCNTs) to influence human mesenchymal stem cells' proliferation, morphology, and differentiation into osteoblasts, we concluded to the following: A. MWCNTs delay the proliferation of hBMS cells but increase their differentiation. The enhancement of the differentiation markers could be a result of decreased proliferation and maturation of the extracellular matrix B. Cell spread on MWCNTs toward a polygonal shape with many thin filopodia to attach to the surfaces. Spreading may be critical in supporting osteogenic differentiation in pre-osteoblastic progenitors, being related with cytoskeletal tension. C. hBMS cells prefer MWCNTs than tissue plastic to attach and grow, being non-toxic to these cells. MWCNTs can be regarded as osteoinductive biomaterial topographies for bone regenerative engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Deligianni
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics ; University of Patras ; Rion , Greece
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21
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Deligianni DD. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes enhance human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells' spreading but delay their proliferation in the direction of differentiation acceleration. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:558-62. [PMID: 25482646 DOI: 10.4161/cam.32124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the ability of films of pristine (purified, without any functionalization) multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to influence human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells' (hBMSCs) proliferation, morphology, and differentiation into osteoblasts, we concluded to the following: A. MWCNTs delay the proliferation of hBMSCs but increase their differentiation. The enhancement of the differentiation markers could be a result of decreased proliferation and maturation of the extracellular matrix B. Cell spread on MWCNTs toward a polygonal shape with many thin filopodia to attach to the surfaces. Spreading may be critical in supporting osteogenic differentiation in pre-osteoblastic progenitors, being related with cytoskeletal tension. C. hBMSCs prefer MWCNTs than tissue plastic to attach and grow, being non-toxic to these cells. MWCNTs can be regarded as osteoinductive biomaterial topographies for bone regenerative engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Deligianni
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics ; University of Patras , Greece
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22
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Porwal H, Estili M, Grünewald A, Grasso S, Detsch R, Hu C, Sakka Y, Boccaccini AR, Reece MJ. 45S5 Bioglass(®)-MWCNT composite: processing and bioactivity. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:199. [PMID: 26109452 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-Bioglass (BG) matrix composite was fabricated using a facile and scalable aqueous colloidal processing method without using any surfactants followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) consolidation. The individual MWCNTs were initially uniformly dispersed in water and then entirely immobilized on the BG particles during the colloidal processing, avoiding their common re-agglomeration during the water-removal and drying step, which guaranteed their uniform dispersion within the dense BG matrix after the consolidation process. SPS was used as a fast sintering technique to minimise any damage to the MWCNT structure during the high-temperature consolidation process. The electrical conductivity of BG increased by 8 orders of magnitude with the addition of 6.35 wt% of MWCNTs compared to pure BG. Short-duration tests were used in the present study as a preliminary evaluation to understand the effect of incorporating MWCNTs on osteoblast-like cells. The analysed cell proliferation, viability and phenotype expression of MG-63 cells showed inhibition on 45S5 Bioglass(®)-MWCNT composite surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Porwal
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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23
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Saito N, Haniu H, Usui Y, Aoki K, Hara K, Takanashi S, Shimizu M, Narita N, Okamoto M, Kobayashi S, Nomura H, Kato H, Nishimura N, Taruta S, Endo M. Safe clinical use of carbon nanotubes as innovative biomaterials. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6040-79. [PMID: 24720563 PMCID: PMC4059771 DOI: 10.1021/cr400341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Saito
- Institute
for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuki Usui
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Seiji Takanashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimizu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Narita
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kobayashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nomura
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nishimura
- R&D
Center, Nakashima Medical Co. Ltd., Haga 5322, Kita-ku, Okayama 701-1221, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taruta
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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24
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Porwal H, Grasso S, Cordero-Arias L, Li C, Boccaccini AR, Reece MJ. Processing and bioactivity of 45S5 Bioglass(®)-graphene nanoplatelets composites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1403-1413. [PMID: 24519757 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Well dispersed 45S5 Bioglass(®) (BG)-graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) composites were prepared after optimising the processing conditions. Fully dense BG nanocomposites with GNP loading of 1, 3 and 5 vol% were consolidated using Spark plasma sintering (SPS). SPS avoided any structural damage of GNP as confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. GNP increased the viscosity of BG-GNP composites resulting in an increase in the sintering temperature by ~50 °C compared to pure BG. Electrical conductivity of BG-GNP composites increased with increasing concentration of GNP. The highest conductivity of 13 S/m was observed for BG-GNP (5 vol%) composite which is ~9 orders of magnitude higher compared to pure BG. For both BG and BG-GNP composites, in vitro bioactivity testing was done using simulated body fluid for 1 and 3 days. XRD confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite for BG and BG-GNP composites with cauliflower structures forming on top of the nano-composites surface. GNP increased the electrical conductivity of BG-GNP composites without affecting the bioactivity thus opening the possibility to fabricate bioactive and electrically conductive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Porwal
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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25
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Chahine NO, Collette NM, Thomas CB, Genetos DC, Loots GG. Nanocomposite scaffold for chondrocyte growth and cartilage tissue engineering: effects of carbon nanotube surface functionalization. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2305-15. [PMID: 24593020 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the long-term biocompatibility of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for tissue engineering of articular cartilage. We hypothesized that SWNT nanocomposite scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering can provide an improved molecular-sized substrate for stimulation of chondrocyte growth, as well as structural reinforcement of the scaffold's mechanical properties. The effect of SWNT surface functionalization (-COOH or -PEG) on chondrocyte viability and biochemical matrix deposition was examined in two-dimensional cultures, in three-dimensional (3D) pellet cultures, and in a 3D nanocomposite scaffold consisting of hydrogels+SWNTs. Outcome measures included cell viability, histological and SEM evaluation, GAG biochemical content, compressive and tensile biomechanical properties, and gene expression quantification, including extracellular matrix (ECM) markers aggrecan (Agc), collagen-1 (Col1a1), collagen-2 (Col2a1), collagen-10 (Col10a1), surface adhesion proteins fibronectin (Fn), CD44 antigen (CD44), and tumor marker (Tp53). Our findings indicate that chondrocytes tolerate functionalized SWNTs well, with minimal toxicity of cells in 3D culture systems (pellet and nanocomposite constructs). Both SWNT-PEG and SWNT-COOH groups increased the GAG content in nanocomposites relative to control. The compressive biomechanical properties of cell-laden SWNT-COOH nanocomposites were significantly elevated relative to control. Increases in the tensile modulus and ultimate stress were observed, indicative of a tensile reinforcement of the nanocomposite scaffolds. Surface coating of SWNTs with -COOH also resulted in increased Col2a1 and Fn gene expression throughout the culture in nanocomposite constructs, indicative of increased chondrocyte metabolic activity. In contrast, surface coating of SWNTs with a neutral -PEG moiety had no significant effect on Col2a1 or Fn gene expression, suggesting that the charged nature of the -COOH surface functionalization may promote ECM expression in this culture system. The results of this study indicate that SWNTs exhibit a unique potential for cartilage tissue engineering, where functionalization with bioactive molecules may provide an improved substrate for stimulation of cellular growth and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeen O Chahine
- 1 Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, New York
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26
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Fabbri P, Valentini L, Hum J, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR. 45S5 Bioglass®-derived scaffolds coated with organic–inorganic hybrids containing graphene. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3592-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Kroustalli AA, Kourkouli SN, Deligianni DD. Cellular function and adhesion mechanisms of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:2655-65. [PMID: 23820769 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are considered to be excellent reinforcements for biorelated applications, but, before being incorporated into biomedical devices, their biocompatibility need to be investigated thoroughly. We investigated the ability of films of pristine MWCNTs to influence human mesenchymal stem cells' proliferation, morphology, and differentiation into osteoblasts. Moreover, the selective integrin subunit expression and the adhesion mechanism to the substrate were evaluated on the basis of adherent cell number and adhesion strength, following the treatment of cells with blocking antibodies to a series of integrin subunits. Results indicated that MWCNTs accelerated cell differentiation to a higher extent than tissue culture plastic, even in the absence of additional biochemical inducing agents. The pre-treatment with anti-integrin antibodies decreased number of adherent cells and adhesion strength at 4-60%, depending on integrin subunit. These findings suggest that pristine MWCNTs represent a suitable reinforcement for bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthoula A Kroustalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
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28
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Lee JY. Electrically Conducting Polymer-Based Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. POLYM REV 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2013.806544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Vats K, Benoit DSW. Dynamic manipulation of hydrogels to control cell behavior: a review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:455-69. [PMID: 23541134 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For many tissue engineering applications and studies to understand how materials fundamentally affect cellular functions, it is important to have the ability to synthesize biomaterials that can mimic elements of native cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Hydrogels possess many properties that are desirable for studying cell behavior. For example, hydrogels are biocompatible and can be biochemically and mechanically altered by exploiting the presentation of cell adhesive epitopes or by changing hydrogel crosslinking density. To establish physical and biochemical tunability, hydrogels can be engineered to alter their properties upon interaction with external driving forces such as pH, temperature, electric current, as well as exposure to cytocompatible irradiation. Additionally, hydrogels can be engineered to respond to enzymes secreted by cells, such as matrix metalloproteinases and hyaluronidases. This review details different strategies and mechanisms by which biomaterials, specifically hydrogels, can be manipulated dynamically to affect cell behavior. By employing the appropriate combination of stimuli and hydrogel composition and architecture, cell behavior such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation can be controlled in real time. This three-dimensional control in cell behavior can help create programmable cell niches that can be useful for fundamental cell studies and in a variety of tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Vats
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
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30
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Konttinen YT, Kaivosoja E, Stegaev V, Wagner HD, Levón J, Tiainen VM, Mackiewicz Z. Extracellular Matrix and Tissue Regeneration. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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31
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Mendes RG, Bachmatiuk A, Büchner B, Cuniberti G, Rümmeli MH. Carbon nanostructures as multi-functional drug delivery platforms. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:401-428. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Nano size effects of TiO2 nanotube array on the glioma cells behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:244-54. [PMID: 23344031 PMCID: PMC3565261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the interplay between the cells and TiO2 nanotube array, and to explore the ability of cells to sense the size change in nano-environment, we reported on the behavior of glioma C6 cells on nanotube array coatings in terms of proliferation and apoptosis. The behavior of glioma C6 cells was obviously size-dependent on the coatings; the caliber with 15 nm diameter provided effective spacing to improve the cells proliferation and enhanced the cellular activities. C6 cells’ biological behaviors showed many similar tendencies to many phorocytes; the matching degree of geometry between nanotube and integrin defined that a spacing of 15 nm was optimal for inducing signals to nucleus, which results in achieving maximum activity of glioma cells. In addition, the immune behavior of cells was studied, a variety of inflammatory mediator’s gene expression levels were controlled by the nanoscale dimension, the expressions of IL-6 and IL-10 were higher on 30 nm than on 15 nm nanotube.
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33
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Antonioli E, Lobo AO, Ferretti M, Cohen M, Marciano FR, Corat EJ, Trava-Airoldi VJ. An evaluation of chondrocyte morphology and gene expression on superhydrophilic vertically-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 33:641-7. [PMID: 25427468 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage serves as a low-friction and wear-resistant articulating surface in diarthrodial joints and is also important during early stages of bone remodeling. Recently, regenerative cartilage research has focused on combinations of cells paired with scaffolds. Superhydrophilic vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) are of particular interest in regenerative medicine. The aim of this study is to evaluate cell expansion of human articular chondrocytes on superhydrophilic VACNTs, as well as their morphology and gene expression. VACNT films were produced using a microwave plasma chamber on Ti substrates and submitted to an O2 plasma treatment to make them superhydrophilic. Human chondrocytes were cultivated on superhydrophilic VACNTs up to five days. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to measure type I and type II Collagen, Sox9, and Aggrecan mRNA expression levels. The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. SEM images demonstrated that superhydrophilic VACNTs permit cell growth and adhesion of human chondrocytes. The chondrocytes had an elongated morphology with some prolongations. Chondrocytes cultivated on superhydrophilic VACNTs maintain the level expression of Aggrecan, Sox9, and Collagen II determined by qPCR. This study was the first to indicate that superhydrophilic VACNTs may be used as an efficient scaffold for cartilage or bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Antonioli
- Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anderson O Lobo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mario Ferretti
- Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Ortophedic Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Moisés Cohen
- Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Ortophedic Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda R Marciano
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Evaldo J Corat
- Laboratorio Associado de Sensores e Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vladimir J Trava-Airoldi
- Laboratorio Associado de Sensores e Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Meng D, Rath SN, Mordan N, Salih V, Kneser U, Boccaccini AR. In vitro evaluation of 45S5 Bioglass®-derived glass-ceramic scaffolds coated with carbon nanotubes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:435-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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35
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Grausova L, Kromka A, Burdikova Z, Eckhardt A, Rezek B, Vacik J, Haenen K, Lisa V, Bacakova L. Enhanced growth and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells on boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond thin films. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20943. [PMID: 21695172 PMCID: PMC3112228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films have been proven to be promising substrates for the adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone-derived cells. To understand the role of various degrees of doping (semiconducting to metallic-like), the NCD films were deposited on silicon substrates by a microwave plasma-enhanced CVD process and their boron doping was achieved by adding trimethylboron to the CH4:H2 gas mixture, the B∶C ratio was 133, 1000 and 6700 ppm. The room temperature electrical resistivity of the films decreased from >10 MΩ (undoped films) to 55 kΩ, 0.6 kΩ, and 0.3 kΩ (doped films with 133, 1000 and 6700 ppm of B, respectively). The increase in the number of human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells in 7-day-old cultures on NCD films was most apparent on the NCD films doped with 133 and 1000 ppm of B (153,000±14,000 and 152,000±10,000 cells/cm2, respectively, compared to 113,000±10,000 cells/cm2 on undoped NCD films). As measured by ELISA per mg of total protein, the cells on NCD with 133 and 1000 ppm of B also contained the highest concentrations of collagen I and alkaline phosphatase, respectively. On the NCD films with 6700 ppm of B, the cells contained the highest concentration of focal adhesion protein vinculin, and the highest amount of collagen I was adsorbed. The concentration of osteocalcin also increased with increasing level of B doping. The cell viability on all tested NCD films was almost 100%. Measurements of the concentration of ICAM-1, i.e. an immunoglobuline adhesion molecule binding inflammatory cells, suggested that the cells on the NCD films did not undergo significant immune activation. Thus, the potential of NCD films for bone tissue regeneration can be further enhanced and tailored by B doping and that B doping up to metallic-like levels is not detrimental for cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Grausova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tsang M, Chun YW, Im YM, Khang D, Webster TJ. Effects of increasing carbon nanofiber density in polyurethane composites for inhibiting bladder cancer cell functions. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1879-89. [PMID: 21417694 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile elastomer that is commonly used in biomedical applications. In turn, materials derived from nanotechnology, specifically carbon nanofibers (CNFs), have received increasing attention for their potential use in biomedical applications. Recent studies have shown that the dispersion of CNFs in PU significantly enhances composite nanoscale surface roughness, tensile properties, and thermal stability. Although there have been studies concerning normal primary cell functions on such nanocomposites, there have been few studies detailing cancer cell responses. Since many patients who require bladder transplants have suffered from bladder cancer, the ideal bladder prosthetic material should not only promote normal primary human urothelial cell (HUC) function, but also inhibit the return of bladder cancerous cell activity. This study examined the correlation between transitional (UMUC) and squamous (or SCaBER) urothelial carcinoma cells and HUC on PU:CNF nanocomposites of varying PU and CNF weight ratios (from pure PU to 4:1 [PU:CNF volume ratios], 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 composites to pure CNF). Composites were characterized for mechanical properties, wettability, surface roughness, and chemical composition by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and goniometry. The adhesion and proliferation of UMUC and SCaBER cancer cells were assessed by MTS assays. Cellular responses were further quantified by measuring the amounts of nuclear mitotic protein 22 (NMP-22), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Results demonstrated that both UMUC and SCaBER cell proliferation rates decreased over time on substrates with increased CNF in PU. In addition, with the exception of VEGF from UMUC (which was the same across all materials), composites containing the most CNF activated cancer cells (UMUC and SCaBER) the least, as shown by their decreased expression of NMP-22, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and VEGF. Moreover, the adhesion of HUC increased on composites containing more CNF than PU. Overall levels of NMP-22 were significantly lower in HUC than in cancerous UMUC and SCaBER cells on PU:CNF composites. Thus, this study provided a novel nanocomposite consisting of CNF and PU that should be further studied for inhibiting the return of cancerous bladder tissue and for promoting normal non-cancerous bladder tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tsang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02917, USA
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Meng J, Han Z, Kong H, Qi X, Wang C, Xie S, Xu H. Electrospun aligned nanofibrous composite of MWCNT/polyurethane to enhance vascular endothelium cells proliferation and function. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:312-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are composed of two-dimensional hexagonal graphite sheets rolled up to form into a seamless hollow tube or cylinder of diameters ranging from 0.7 to 100 nm and length of several micrometres up to several millimetres [1, 2]. CNTs can be synthesised in two configurations, as single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs). Whereas SWCNTs are made of one tubular structure, MWCNTs consist of concentrically arranged carbon tubes with a typical spacing of ≈ 0.34 nm between the different layers. Owing to their remarkable structural characteristics (light weight, high aspect ratio, high specific surface area), as well as attractive mechanical (high stiffness and strength), electrical (high conductivity) and chemical (versatile surface chemistry, easily to functionalise) properties [2], there is increasing interest in biomedical applications of CNTs.
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Kostarelos K, Bianco A, Prato M. Promises, facts and challenges for carbon nanotubes in imaging and therapeutics. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:627-33. [PMID: 19809452 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of carbon nanotubes in medicine is now at the crossroads between a proof-of-principle concept and an established preclinical candidate for a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Progress towards clinical trials will depend on the outcomes of efficacy and toxicology studies, which will provide the necessary risk-to-benefit assessments for carbon-nanotube-based materials. Here we focus on carbon nanotubes that have been studied in preclinical animal models, and draw attention to the promises, facts and challenges of these materials as they transition from research to the clinical phase. We address common questions regarding the use of carbon nanotubes in disease imaging and therapy, and highlight the opportunities and challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Park J, Bauer S, Schmuki P, von der Mark K. Narrow window in nanoscale dependent activation of endothelial cell growth and differentiation on TiO2 nanotube surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:3157-3164. [PMID: 19653637 DOI: 10.1021/nl9013502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Critical features of biomimetic materials used for vascular grafts and stents are surface structure and chemical features of the implant material supporting adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, the major cell types of blood vessels. Recently, experimental evidence from several laboratories have indicated a strong stimulation of cellular activities on vertically aligned TiO(2) nanotube surfaces in comparison to amorphous TiO(2) surfaces. Conflicting reports exist, however, concerning the nanoscale dimension, and the role of the chemistry and crystallinity of the nanotubes in eliciting cell responses. Here we demonstrate that 15 nm nanotubes provide a substantially stronger stimulation of differentiation of mesenchymal cells to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells than 70-100 nm nanotubes, while high rates of apoptosis were seen on 100 nm nanotubes. Also endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation, and motility were several-fold higher on 15 nm than on 100 nm nanotubes. Furthermore, our data indicate a clear dominance of the nanoscale geometry on endothelial cell behavior over surface chemistry and crystallinity of the TiO(2) nanotube surface. These findings indicate that fine-tuning of TiO(2) surfaces at nanoscale will be an essential parameter in optimizing endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell responses to vascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Park
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Murday JS, Siegel RW, Stein J, Wright JF. Translational nanomedicine: status assessment and opportunities. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:251-73. [PMID: 19540359 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nano-enabled technologies hold great promise for medicine and health. The rapid progress by the physical sciences/engineering communities in synthesizing nanostructures and characterizing their properties must be rapidly exploited in medicine and health toward reducing mortality rate, morbidity an illness imposes on a patient, disease prevalence, and general societal burden. A National Science Foundation-funded workshop, "Re-Engineering Basic and Clinical Research to Catalyze Translational Nanoscience," was held 16-19 March 2008 at the University of Southern California. Based on that workshop and literature review, this article briefly explores scientific, economic, and societal drivers for nanomedicine initiatives; examines the science, engineering, and medical research needs; succinctly reviews the US federal investment directly germane to medicine and health, with brief mention of the European Union (EU) effort; and presents recommendations to accelerate the translation of nano-enabled technologies from laboratory discovery into clinical practice. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR An excellent review paper based on the NSF funded workshop "Re-Engineering Basic and Clinical Research to Catalyze Translational Nanoscience" (16-19 March 2008) and extensive literature search, this paper briefly explores the current state and future perspectives of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Murday
- University of Southern California, Washington, DC 20004 USA.
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Chun YW, Webster TJ. The role of nanomedicine in growing tissues. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 37:2034-47. [PMID: 19499340 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine (a division of nanotechnology) is an interdisciplinary research field incorporating biology, chemistry, engineering and medicine with the intention to improve disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Specifically, there have been great strides made in using nanomedicine to enhance the functions of cells necessary to regenerate a diverse number of tissues (such as bone, blood vessels, the bladder, teeth, the nervous system, and the heart to name a few). Traditional (micron-structured or nano-smooth) implants suffer from: (i) infection, (ii) inflammation, and (iii) insufficient prolonged bonding between the implanted material and surrounding tissue. To date, such conventional implants have been improved by implementing nanotopographical features on their surfaces. In this review paper, the application of nanomaterials to regenerate numerous organs (including, as specific examples, bone, neural, and bladder tissues) will be presented with necessary future directions highlighted for the field of nanomedicine to progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Division of Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Ercan B, Webster TJ. Greater osteoblast proliferation on anodized nanotubular titanium upon electrical stimulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2009; 3:477-85. [PMID: 19337416 PMCID: PMC2636582 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently used orthopedic implants composed of titanium have a limited functional lifetime of only 10-15 years. One of the reasons for this persistent problem is the poor prolonged ability of titanium to remain bonded to juxtaposed bone. It has been proposed to modify titanium through anodization to create a novel nanotubular topography in order to improve cytocompatibility properties necessary for the prolonged attachment of orthopedic implants to surrounding bone. Additionally, electrical stimulation has been used in orthopedics to heal bone non-unions and fractures in anatomically difficult to operate sites (such as the spine). In this study, these two approaches were combined as the efficacy of electrical stimulation to promote osteoblast (bone forming cell) density on anodized titanium was investigated. To do this, osteoblast proliferation experiments lasting up to 5 days were conducted as cells were stimulated with constant bipolar pulses at a frequency of 20 Hz and a pulse duration of 0.4 ms each day for 1 hour. The stimulation voltages were 1 V, 5 V, 10 V, and 15 V. Results showed for the first time that under electrical stimulation, osteoblast proliferation on anodized titanium was enhanced at lower voltages compared to what was observed on conventional (nonanodized) titanium. In addition, compared to nonstimulated conventional titanium, osteoblast proliferation was enhanced 72% after 5 days of culture on anodized nanotubular titanium at 15 V of electrical stimulation. Thus, results of this study suggest that coupling the positive influences of electrical stimulation and nanotubular features on anodized titanium may improve osteoblast responses necessary for enhanced orthopedic implant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batur Ercan
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Abstract
Articular cartilage repair remains a challenge to surgeons and basic scientists. The field of tissue engineering allows the simultaneous use of material scaffolds, cells and signalling molecules to attempt to modulate the regenerative tissue. This review summarises the research that has been undertaken to date using this approach, with a particular emphasis on those techniques that have been introduced into clinical practice, via in vitro and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Getgood
- Orthopaedic Research Unit The University of Cambridge Orthopaedic Research Unit, Box 180, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - R. Brooks
- Orthopaedic Research Unit The University of Cambridge Orthopaedic Research Unit, Box 180, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - L. Fortier
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Vet Box 32, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - N. Rushton
- Orthopaedic Research Unit The University of Cambridge Orthopaedic Research Unit, Box 180, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Chun YW, Khang D, Haberstroh KM, Webster TJ. The role of polymer nanosurface roughness and submicron pores in improving bladder urothelial cell density and inhibiting calcium oxalate stone formation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:085104. [PMID: 19417440 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/8/085104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have been proposed for replacing resected cancerous bladder tissue. However, conventional (or nanosmooth) polymers used in such applications (such as poly(ether) urethane (PU) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)) often fail clinically due to poor bladder tissue regeneration, low cytocompatibility properties, and excessive calcium stone formation. For the successful reconstruction of bladder tissue, polymer surfaces should be modified to combat these common problems. Along these lines, implementing nanoscale surface features that mimic the natural roughness of bladder tissue on polymer surfaces can promote appropriate cell growth, accelerate bladder tissue regeneration and inhibit bladder calcium stone formation. To test this hypothesis, in this study, the cytocompatibility properties of both a non-biodegradable polymer (PU) and a biodegradable polymer (PLGA) were investigated after etching in chemicals (HNO(3) and NaOH, respectively) to create nanoscale surface features. After chemical etching, PU possessed submicron sized pores and numerous nanometer surface features while PLGA possessed few pores and large amounts of nanometer surface roughness. Results from this study strongly supported the assertion that nanometer scale surface roughness produced on PU and PLGA promoted the density of urothelial cells (cells that line the interior of the bladder), with the greatest urothelial cell densities observed on nanorough PLGA. In addition, compared to respective conventional polymers, the results provided evidence that nanorough PU and PLGA inhibited calcium oxalate stone formation; submicron pored nanorough PU inhibited calcium oxalate stone formation the most. Thus, results from the present study suggest the importance of nanometer topographical cues for designing better materials for bladder tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Kim JY, Khang D, Lee JE, Webster TJ. Decreased macrophage density on carbon nanotube patterns on polycarbonate urethane. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 88:419-26. [PMID: 18306321 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is creating materials that can regenerate numerous tissues (including those used for bone, vascular, cartilage, bladder, and neuronal systems) better than what is currently being implanted. Despite this promise, little is known about the functions of wound healing cells (such as macrophages) on nanomaterials. Carbon nanotubes are intriguing nanomaterials for implantation due to their unique biologically inspired surface, electrical, and mechanical properties. For the above reasons, the objective of the present study was to investigate macrophage function on one promising type of nano-implant material for orthopedic applications (carbon nanotubes microscopically aligned on polymers). To align carbon nanotubes on polymers, a novel imprinting method placing carbon nanotubes in grids of defined spacings (from 30 to 100 microm) on a polymer matrix was developed. In this study, the selective adhesion and proliferation of macrophages after 4 h, 24 h, and 4 days on aligned regions of a currently implanted polymer (specifically, polycarbonate urethane) compared to aligned carbon nanotube patterns were found. That is, decreased macrophage functions were observed in this study on aligned regions of carbon nanotubes compared to polycarbonate urethane. The present in vitro study, thus, provided evidence of the ability of carbon nanotubes to down-regulate macrophage adhesion and proliferation which is important to decrease a harmful persistence wound-healing reaction to orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, BK21 Project for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Minerick AR. The rapidly growing field of micro and nanotechnology to measure living cells. AIChE J 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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