1
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Chun YW, Miyamoto M, Williams CH, Neitzel LR, Silver-Isenstadt M, Cadar AG, Fuller DT, Fong DC, Liu H, Lease R, Kim S, Katagiri M, Durbin MD, Wang KC, Feaster TK, Sheng CC, Neely MD, Sreenivasan U, Cortes-Gutierrez M, Finn AV, Schot R, Mancini GMS, Ament SA, Ess KC, Bowman AB, Han Z, Bichell DP, Su YR, Hong CC. Impaired Reorganization of Centrosome Structure Underlies Human Infantile Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2023; 147:1291-1303. [PMID: 36970983 PMCID: PMC10133173 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During cardiomyocyte maturation, the centrosome, which functions as a microtubule organizing center in cardiomyocytes, undergoes dramatic structural reorganization where its components reorganize from being localized at the centriole to the nuclear envelope. This developmentally programmed process, referred to as centrosome reduction, has been previously associated with cell cycle exit. However, understanding of how this process influences cardiomyocyte cell biology, and whether its disruption results in human cardiac disease, remains unknown. We studied this phenomenon in an infant with a rare case of infantile dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM) who presented with left ventricular ejection fraction of 18% and disrupted sarcomere and mitochondria structure. METHODS We performed an analysis beginning with an infant who presented with a rare case of iDCM. We derived induced pluripotent stem cells from the patient to model iDCM in vitro. We performed whole exome sequencing on the patient and his parents for causal gene analysis. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout and correction in vitro were used to confirm whole exome sequencing results. Zebrafish and Drosophila models were used for in vivo validation of the causal gene. Matrigel mattress technology and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to characterize iDCM cardiomyocytes further. RESULTS Whole exome sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout/correction identified RTTN, the gene encoding the centrosomal protein RTTN (rotatin), as the causal gene underlying the patient's condition, representing the first time a centrosome defect has been implicated in a nonsyndromic dilated cardiomyopathy. Genetic knockdowns in zebrafish and Drosophila confirmed an evolutionarily conserved requirement of RTTN for cardiac structure and function. Single-cell RNA sequencing of iDCM cardiomyocytes showed impaired maturation of iDCM cardiomyocytes, which underlie the observed cardiomyocyte structural and functional deficits. We also observed persistent localization of the centrosome at the centriole, contrasting with expected programmed perinuclear reorganization, which led to subsequent global microtubule network defects. In addition, we identified a small molecule that restored centrosome reorganization and improved the structure and contractility of iDCM cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate a case of human disease caused by a defect in centrosome reduction. We also uncovered a novel role for RTTN in perinatal cardiac development and identified a potential therapeutic strategy for centrosome-related iDCM. Future study aimed at identifying variants in centrosome components may uncover additional contributors to human cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Charles H. Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Leif R. Neitzel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Maya Silver-Isenstadt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Adrian G. Cadar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37201
| | - Daniela T. Fuller
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Daniel C. Fong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Robert Lease
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sungseek Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37201
| | - Mikako Katagiri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37201
| | - Matthew D. Durbin
- Division of Neonatology-Perinatology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 26202
| | - Kuo-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Tromondae K. Feaster
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37201
| | - Calvin C. Sheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37201
| | - M. Diana Neely
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37201
| | - Urmila Sreenivasan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Marcia Cortes-Gutierrez
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aloke V. Finn
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Rachel Schot
- Division of Neonatology-Perinatology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 26202
| | - Grazia M. S. Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seth A. Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin C. Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37201
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - Zhe Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - David P. Bichell
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37201
| | - Yan Ru Su
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37201
| | - Charles C. Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
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2
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Gyftopoulos A, Chen YJ, Wang L, Williams CH, Chun YW, O’Connell JR, Perry JA, Hong CC. Identification of Novel Genetic Variants and Comorbidities Associated With ICD-10-Based Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using the UK Biobank Cohort. Front Genet 2022; 13:866042. [PMID: 35685441 PMCID: PMC9171016 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.866042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To identify previously unrecognized genetic variants and clinical variables associated with the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases 10)-based diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the UK Biobank cohort. Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiovascular disorder with more than 2000 known mutations in one of eight genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. However, there is considerable variation in disease manifestation, suggesting the role of additional unrecognized contributors, genetic and otherwise. There is substantial interest in the use of real-world data, such as electronic health records to better understand disease mechanisms and discover new treatment strategies, but whether ICD-10-based diagnosis can be used to study HCM genetics is unknown. Methods: In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the UK Biobank, we analyzed the genomes of 363 individuals diagnosed with HCM based on ICD-10 coding compared to 7,260 age, ancestry, and sex-matched controls in a 1:20 case:control design. Genetic variants were analyzed by Plink's firth logistic regression and assessed for association with HCM. We also examined 61 biomarkers and other diagnoses in the 363 HCM cases and matched controls. Results: The prevalence of ICD-10-based diagnosis of HCM in the UK Biobank cohort was 1 in 1,342, suggesting disease assignment based on the two ICD-10 codes underestimates HCM prevalence. In addition, common cardiovascular comorbidities were more prevalent in ICD-10-based HCM cases in comparison to controls. We identified two novel, non-sarcomeric genetic variants in KMT2C rs78630626, and PARD3B rs188937806 that were associated with ICD-10 codes for HCM with genome-wide significance (p < 5 x 10-8). These are associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of ∼3.8 for being diagnosed with HCM. Minor allele frequency (MAF) of each variant was >1%. Discussion: Disease assignment based strictly on ICD-10 codes may underestimate HCM prevalence. Individuals with HCM were more frequently diagnosed with several comorbid conditions, such as hypertension, atherosclerotic heart disease, diabetes, and kidney failure, suggesting they may contribute to disease manifestation. This UK Biobank database-based GWAS identified common variants in KMT2C and PARD3B that are associated with HCM diagnosis, which may represent novel modifier genes. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and limitations of conducting phenotypic and genotypic characterization of HCM based on ICD-10 diagnosis in a large population-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James A. Perry
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Charles C. Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Stern S, Liang D, Li L, Kurian R, Lynch C, Sakamuru S, Heyward S, Zhang J, Kareem KA, Chun YW, Huang R, Xia M, Hong CC, Xue F, Wang H. Targeting CAR-Nrf2 improves cyclophosphamide bioactivation while reducing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in triple-negative breast cancer treatment. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153868. [PMID: 35579950 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and doxorubicin (DOX) are key components of chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) although suboptimal outcomes are commonly associated with drug resistance and/or intolerable side-effects. Through an approach combining high-throughput screening and chemical modification, we developed CN06 as a dual activator of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). CN06 enhances CAR-induced bioactivation of CPA (a prodrug) by provoking hepatic expression of CYP2B6, while repressing DOX-induced cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes in vitro via stimulating Nrf2-antioxidant signaling. Utilizing a multicellular co-culture model incorporating human primary hepatocytes, TNBC cells, and cardiomyocytes, we show that CN06 increased CPA/DOX-mediated TNBC cell death via CAR-dependent CYP2B6 induction and subsequent conversion of CPA to its active metabolite 4-hydroxy-CPA, while protecting against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by selectively activating Nrf2-antioxidant signaling in cardiomyocytes but not in TNBC cells. Further, CN06 preserves the viability and function of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes by modulating antioxidant defenses, decreasing apoptosis, and enhancing the kinetics of contraction and relaxation. Collectively, our findings identify CAR and Nrf2 as novel combined therapeutic targets whereby CN06 holds the potential to improve the efficacy:toxicity ratio of CPA/DOX-containing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Stern
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Dongdong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Ritika Kurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Lynch
- NCATS, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- NCATS, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Scott Heyward
- In Vitro Technologies, BioIVT, Halethorpe, United States of America
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Kafayat Ajoke Kareem
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Ruili Huang
- NCATS, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Menghang Xia
- NCATS, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Charles C Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
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4
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Gyftopoulos A, Ashvetiya T, Chen YJ, Wang L, Williams CH, Chun YW, Perry JA, Hong CC. Abstract 468: Previously Unrecognized Intronic Variants in the Dystrophin Gene Identified as Possible Contributors to Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often has a genetic etiology, however, its prevalence and etiologies are not completely understood. The UK Biobank comprises clinical and genetic data for greater than 500,000 individuals with enrollees 40-69 years of age. Our group created a custom phenotype of heart failure using ICD-10 codes for several subtypes of heart failure diagnoses including DCM. We then compared the individuals included in the custom heart failure phenotype to control individuals in a 20-to-1 fashion to identify genetic differences. Data were compared using Mixed Model Analysis for Pedigrees/Populations (MMAP) mixed-model regression. We identified 8 unlinked intronic variants in the dystrophin gene (
DMD
) that, when separated by self-identified race, occurred with a combined minor allele frequency of 0.15 in individuals with heart failure who identified as being of African descent. The combined minor allele frequency of these variants was 0.05 in individuals who self-identified as being of European descent. One variant of
DMD
in particular (rs139029250), was identified with a minor allele frequency of 0.05 in African British with DCM. The unadjusted odds ratio of a diagnosis of heart failure in individuals with rs129029250 was 4.65. When separated by gender, the unadjusted odds ratios are 2.02 for females and 6.44 for males.
DMD
is most notably known for its role in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, both of which are known to cause dilated cardiomyopathy in affected individuals. However, none of the individuals (36 female and 43 male) identified in our analysis with rs129029250 have been diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, or a primary disorder of muscle (ICD code G70). Additionally, these individuals have an intronic variant of
DMD
, while Duchene and Becker muscular dystrophy are both due to exonic mutations. These findings suggest a possible common variant in the DMD gene that may contribute to DCM in individuals of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Libin Wang
- Univ of Maryland Sch of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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5
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Gyftopoulos A, Chen YJ, Wang L, Williams CH, Chun YW, Perry JA, Hong CC. Abstract 460: Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor A1 Identified as a Potential Risk Locus for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by heterogeneous phenotypic expression, natural history, and genetic profile with numerous causative mutations. The relationship between genotype and phenotype in HCM is incompletely understood. Identifying genetic modifiers may expand understanding of the signaling pathways that are responsible for phenotypic expression. UK Biobank comprises clinical and genetic data for greater than 500,000 individuals. We compared control individuals to those with a diagnosis of HCM (identified via ICD-10 code I42.1) in a 20-to-1 fashion to identify genetic differences. Data were compared using Mixed Model Analysis for Pedigrees/Populations (MMAP) mixed-model regression. Variants were assessed using bioinformatics tools including linkage disequilibrium and Eigen scoring. Results were then compared to previously published genome-wide association datasets. Mixed-model regression identified 5 variants of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (
CDKN1A
) as statistically significant with one intronic variant (rs3176326) likely affecting a gene promoter region with an Eigen-PC score of 7.779. This variant was found to have a p-value of 5.08x10
-8
when contrasted to controls with a minor allele frequency of 0.199 in the affected individuals. The 4 other variants were in linkage disequilibrium (r
2
0.90-0.99) with rs3176326. The odds ratio of HCM with rs3176326 is 1.81.To our knowledge,
CDKN1A
has not previously been associated with HCM. By utilizing bioinformatic tools we were able to identify 5 variants that may be associated with the risk for HCM. One locus affects a promotor region and resulted in a notably high Eigan-PC score suggestive that it has an impact on HCM. When comparing these findings with previous genome-wide association studies utilizing the UK Biobank, we find that
CDKN1A
has a possible association with HCM, though those results were not statistically significant.
CDKN1A
has been previously associated with the p53 DNA repair and cell senescence pathway. Animal and human studies have implicated it in the development of fibrosis. A recent genome-wide association metanalysis identified it as a risk locus for heart failure. These findings support our conclusion that
CDKN1A
is a risk locus for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Libin Wang
- Univ of Maryland Sch of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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6
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Cadar AG, Feaster TK, Bersell KR, Wang L, Hong T, Balsamo JA, Zhang Z, Chun YW, Nam YJ, Gotthardt M, Knollmann BC, Roden DM, Lim CC, Hong CC. Real-time visualization of titin dynamics reveals extensive reversible photobleaching in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C163-C173. [PMID: 31747312 PMCID: PMC6985833 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00107.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) has been useful in delineating cardiac myofilament biology, and innovations in fluorophore chemistry have expanded the array of microscopic assays used. However, one assumption in FRAP is the irreversible photobleaching of fluorescent proteins after laser excitation. Here we demonstrate reversible photobleaching regarding the photoconvertible fluorescent protein mEos3.2. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to knock-in mEos3.2 into the COOH terminus of titin to visualize sarcomeric titin incorporation and turnover. Upon cardiac induction, the titin-mEos3.2 fusion protein is expressed and integrated in the sarcomeres of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). STORM imaging shows M-band clustered regions of bound titin-mEos3.2 with few soluble titin-mEos3.2 molecules. FRAP revealed a baseline titin-mEos3.2 fluorescence recovery of 68% and half-life of ~1.2 h, suggesting a rapid exchange of sarcomeric titin with soluble titin. However, paraformaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized titin-mEos3.2 hiPSC-CMs surprisingly revealed a 55% fluorescence recovery. Whole cell FRAP analysis in paraformaldehyde-fixed, cycloheximide-treated, and untreated titin-mEos3.2 hiPSC-CMs displayed no significant differences in fluorescence recovery. FRAP in fixed HEK 293T expressing cytosolic mEos3.2 demonstrates a 58% fluorescence recovery. These data suggest that titin-mEos3.2 is subject to reversible photobleaching following FRAP. Using a mouse titin-eGFP model, we demonstrate that no reversible photobleaching occurs. Our results reveal that reversible photobleaching accounts for the majority of titin recovery in the titin-mEos3.2 hiPSC-CM model and should warrant as a caution in the extrapolation of reliable FRAP data from specific fluorescent proteins in long-term cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G Cadar
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Tennessee
| | - Tromondae K Feaster
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin R Bersell
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - TingTing Hong
- Smidt Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph A Balsamo
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Tennessee
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Young-Jae Nam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Tennessee
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chee C Lim
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Tennessee
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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7
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Wang KC, Chun YW, Hong CC. Abstract 481: Investigation into the Genetic Cause of Congenital Dilated Cardiomyopathy Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital dilated cardiomyopathy (cDCM) is a rare but typically fatal disease. In most cases, its etiology is unknown, but a genetic root cause is often suspected. The objective of current study is to determine whether a novel non-structural gene causes cDCM. We hypothesized that rare genetic mutations caused cDCM, which could be modeled using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We generated the cardiomyocytes from iPSCs of a cDCM proband and found significant impairment in contractility and mitochondrial function, compared to those of healthy controls. To identify the causal mutations, we performed a whole exome sequencing of the cDCM patient and his parents (“trio”). Based on the assumption of recessive mode of inheritance or a
de novo
mutation, 9 candidate causal genes were identified. On the ground of the expression profiles of trio and pathogenicity predictor algorithms, we identified an indel and a nonsynonymous point mutation in the rotatin (encoded by
RTTN
) gene as the putative genetic defect responsible for cDCM. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of
RTTN
in healthy control iPSCs recapitulated cardiomyocyte defects, and the correction of the missense mutation in the disease iPSCs restored cardiomyocyte structure and function, confirming causality. Thus, rotatin is a new causal molecule for cDCM and plays an important role in cardiac regulation.
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to highlight the potential of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based modeling as a tool for studying human cardiovascular diseases. We present some of the current cardiovascular disease models utilizing genome editing and patient-derived iPSCs. RECENT FINDINGS The incorporation of genome-editing and iPSC technologies provides an innovative research platform, providing novel insight into human cardiovascular disease at molecular, cellular, and functional level. In addition, genome editing in diseased iPSC lines holds potential for personalized regenerative therapies. The study of human cardiovascular disease has been revolutionized by cellular reprogramming and genome editing discoveries. These exceptional technologies provide an opportunity to generate human cell cardiovascular disease models and enable therapeutic strategy development in a dish. We anticipate these technologies to improve our understanding of cardiovascular disease pathophysiology leading to optimal treatment for heart diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Departments of Medicine - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, PRB 383, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Matthew D Durbin
- Department of Pediatrics - Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Departments of Medicine - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, PRB 383, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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9
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Gupta MK, Balikov DA, Lee Y, Ko E, Yu C, Chun YW, Sawyer DB, Kim WS, Sung HJ. Gradient release of cardiac morphogens by photo-responsive polymer micelles for gradient-mediated variation of embryoid body differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5206-5217. [PMID: 32264105 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00880e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a well-known morphogen in human development. However, how an RA gradient distribution influences cardiac development remains obscure due to the lack of appropriate experimental apparatus. To address this issue, a polymeric micelle system with covalently attached RA was engineered to deliver gradient quantities of RA upon photo-irradiation. A photo-degradable polymeric nanoparticle (NP) composed of an amphiphilic methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-poly(azido-ε-caprolactone-g-ortho nitrobenzyl retinoic ester) copolymer was synthesized, and hanging RA was covalently attached through a photo-sensitive o-nitrobenzyl (ONB) linker. The ONB linker was efficiently cleaved when exposed to a light (365 nm)-gradient, and the consequent gradient release of RA from the micelles was demonstrated. The efficacy of the photo-gradient-mediated RA release was validated across different concentrations of polymer micelles over varied irradiation periods. It was confirmed that polymer micelles demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity when exposed to mouse embryoid bodies (EBs). Finally, when the photo-gradient release of polymer micelles was applied, GFP-cardiac troponin T reporter mouse EBs demonstrated a concurrent gradient-like pattern of cardiac differentiation, verifying the utility of our novel photo-gradient approach to study morphogen gradients not only for cardiac development but also for other potential biological microenvironments subject to morphogen presentation with highly defined spatial and temporal geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Balikov DA, Fang B, Chun YW, Crowder SW, Prasai D, Lee JB, Bolotin KI, Sung HJ. Directing lineage specification of human mesenchymal stem cells by decoupling electrical stimulation and physical patterning on unmodified graphene. Nanoscale 2016; 8:13730-9. [PMID: 27411950 PMCID: PMC4959833 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The organization and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to impact the propagation of electrical signals in multiple tissue types. To date, many studies with electroactive biomaterial substrates have relied upon passive electrical stimulation of the ionic media to affect cell behavior. However, development of cell culture systems in which stimulation can be directly applied to the material - thereby isolating the signal to the cell-material interface and cell-cell contracts - would provide a more physiologically-relevant paradigm for investigating how electrical cues modulate lineage-specific stem cell differentiation. In the present study, we have employed unmodified, directly-stimulated, (un)patterned graphene as a cell culture substrate to investigate how extrinsic electrical cycling influences the differentiation of naïve human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without the bias of exogenous biochemicals. We first demonstrated that cyclic stimulation does not deteriorate the cell culture media or result in cytotoxic pH, which are critical experiments for correct interpretation of changes in cell behavior. We then measured how the expression of osteogenic and neurogenic lineage-specific markers were altered simply by exposure to electrical stimulation and/or physical patterns. Expression of the early osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 was increased by electrical stimulation on all graphene substrates, but the mature marker osteopontin was only modulated when stimulation was combined with physical patterns. In contrast, the expression of the neurogenic markers MAP2 and β3-tubulin were enhanced in all electrical stimulation conditions, and were less responsive to the presence of patterns. These data indicate that specific combinations of non-biological inputs - material type, electrical stimulation, physical patterns - can regulate hMSC lineage specification. This study represents a substantial step in understanding how the interplay of electrophysical stimuli regulate stem cell behavior and helps to clarify the potential for graphene substrates in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Brian Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Spencer W Crowder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Dhiraj Prasai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Kiril I Bolotin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA and Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chun YW, Voyles DE, Rath R, Hofmeister LH, Boire TC, Wilcox H, Lee JH, Bellan LM, Hong CC, Sung HJ. Differential responses of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to anisotropic strain depends on disease status. J Biomech 2015; 48:3890-6. [PMID: 26476764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a non-ischemic heart disease with impaired pumping function of the heart. In this study, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from a healthy volunteer and a primary DCM patient to investigate the impact of DCM on iPSC-CMs׳ responses to different types of anisotropic strain. A bioreactor system was established that generates cardiac-mimetic forces of 150 kPa at 5% anisotropic cyclic strain and 1 Hz frequency. After confirming cardiac induction of the iPSCs, it was determined that fibronectin was favorable to other extracellular matrix protein coatings (gelatin, laminin, vitronectin) in terms of viable cell area and density, and was therefore selected as the coating for further study. When iPSC-CMs were exposed to three strain conditions (no strain, 5% static strain, and 5% cyclic strain), the static strain elicited significant induction of sarcomere components in comparison to other strain conditions. However, this induction occurred only in iPSC-CMs from a healthy volunteer ("control iPSC-CMs"), not in iPSC-CMs from the DCM patient ("DCM iPSC-CMs"). The donor type also significantly influenced gene expressions of cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction markers in response to the strain conditions. Gene expression of connexin-43 (cell-cell interaction) had a higher fold change in healthy versus diseased iPSC-CMs under static and cyclic strain, as opposed to integrins α-5 and α-10 (cell-matrix interaction). In summary, our iPSC-CM-based study to model the effects of different strain conditions suggests that intrinsic, genetic-based differences in the cardiomyocyte responses to strain may influence disease manifestation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David E Voyles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Rutwik Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lucas H Hofmeister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Timothy C Boire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Henry Wilcox
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jae Han Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Leon M Bellan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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12
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Feaster TK, Cadar AG, Wang L, Williams CH, Chun YW, Hempel JE, Bloodworth N, Merryman WD, Lim CC, Wu JC, Knollmann BC, Hong CC. Matrigel Mattress: A Method for the Generation of Single Contracting Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2015; 117:995-1000. [PMID: 26429802 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The lack of measurable single-cell contractility of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs) currently limits the utility of hiPSC-CMs for evaluating contractile performance for both basic research and drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To develop a culture method that rapidly generates contracting single hiPSC-CMs and allows quantification of cell shortening with standard equipment used for studying adult CMs. METHODS AND RESULTS Single hiPSC-CMs were cultured for 5 to 7 days on a 0.4- to 0.8-mm thick mattress of undiluted Matrigel (mattress hiPSC-CMs) and compared with hiPSC-CMs maintained on a control substrate (<0.1-mm thick 1:60 diluted Matrigel, control hiPSC-CMs). Compared with control hiPSC-CMs, mattress hiPSC-CMs had more rod-shape morphology and significantly increased sarcomere length. Contractile parameters of mattress hiPSC-CMs measured with video-based edge detection were comparable with those of freshly isolated adult rabbit ventricular CMs. Morphological and contractile properties of mattress hiPSC-CMs were consistent across cryopreserved hiPSC-CMs generated independently at another institution. Unlike control hiPSC-CMs, mattress hiPSC-CMs display robust contractile responses to positive inotropic agents, such as myofilament calcium sensitizers. Mattress hiPSC-CMs exhibit molecular changes that include increased expression of the maturation marker cardiac troponin I and significantly increased action potential upstroke velocity because of a 2-fold increase in sodium current (INa). CONCLUSIONS The Matrigel mattress method enables the rapid generation of robustly contracting hiPSC-CMs and enhances maturation. This new method allows quantification of contractile performance at the single-cell level, which should be valuable to disease modeling, drug discovery, and preclinical cardiotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tromondae K Feaster
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - Adrian G Cadar
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - Lili Wang
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - Charles H Williams
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - Young Wook Chun
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - Jonathan E Hempel
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - Nathaniel Bloodworth
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - W David Merryman
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - Chee Chew Lim
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - Joseph C Wu
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.)
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.).
| | - Charles C Hong
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (T.K.F.), Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.W.C., J.E.H., C.C.L., C.C.H.), and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics (L.W., B.C.K.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.G.C.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.H.W.) and Biomedical Engineering (N.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN (C.C.H.); and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.).
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Chun YW, Balikov DA, Feaster TK, Williams CH, Sheng CC, Lee JB, Boire TC, Neely MD, Bellan LM, Ess KC, Bowman AB, Sung HJ, Hong CC. Combinatorial polymer matrices enhance in vitro maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26204225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) hold great promise for modeling human heart diseases. However, iPSC-CMs studied to date resemble immature embryonic myocytes and therefore do not adequately recapitulate native adult cardiomyocyte phenotypes. Since extracellular matrix plays an essential role in heart development and maturation in vivo, we sought to develop a synthetic culture matrix that could enhance functional maturation of iPSC-CMs in vitro. In this study, we employed a library of combinatorial polymers comprising of three functional subunits - poly-ε-caprolacton (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and carboxylated PCL (cPCL) - as synthetic substrates for culturing human iPSC-CMs. Of these, iPSC-CMs cultured on 4%PEG-96%PCL (each % indicates the corresponding molar ratio) exhibit the greatest contractility and mitochondrial function. These functional enhancements are associated with increased expression of cardiac myosin light chain-2v, cardiac troponin I and integrin alpha-7. Importantly, iPSC-CMs cultured on 4%PEG-96%PCL demonstrate troponin I (TnI) isoform switch from the fetal slow skeletal TnI (ssTnI) to the postnatal cardiac TnI (cTnI), the first report of such transition in vitro. Finally, culturing iPSC-CMs on 4%PEG-96%PCL also significantly increased expression of genes encoding intermediate filaments known to transduce integrin-mediated mechanical signals to the myofilaments. In summary, our study demonstrates that synthetic culture matrices engineered from combinatorial polymers can be utilized to promote in vitro maturation of human iPSC-CMs through the engagement of critical matrix-integrin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Tromondae K Feaster
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles H Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Calvin C Sheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jung-Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Timothy C Boire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leon M Bellan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Charles C Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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14
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Wang X, Chun YW, Zhong L, Chiusa M, Balikov DA, Frist AY, Lim CC, Maltais S, Bellan L, Hong CC, Sung HJ. A temperature-sensitive, self-adhesive hydrogel to deliver iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for heart repair. Int J Cardiol 2015; 190:177-80. [PMID: 25918074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Manuel Chiusa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Audrey Y Frist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Chee C Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Simon Maltais
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Leon Bellan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Department of Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
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15
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Lee SH, Lee Y, Chun YW, Crowder SW, Young PP, Park KD, Sung HJ. In Situ Crosslinkable Gelatin Hydrogels for Vasculogenic Induction and Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Funct Mater 2014; 24:6771-6781. [PMID: 26327818 PMCID: PMC4551405 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201401110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for severe vascular diseases have highlighted the need to effectively engraft cells and promote pro-angiogenic activity. A functional material accomplishing these two goals is an ideal solution as spatiotemporal and batch-to-batch variability in classical therapeutic delivery can be minimized, and tissue regeneration would begin rapidly at the implantation site. Gelatin may serve as a promising biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-immuno/antigenicity. However, the dissolution of gelatin at body temperature and quick enzymatic degradation in vivo have limited its use thus far. To overcome these challenges, an injectable, in situ crosslinkable gelatin was developed by conjugating enzymatically-crosslinkable hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (GHPA). When MSCs are cultured in 3D in vitro or injected in vivo in GHPA, spontaneous endothelial differentiation occurs, as evidenced by marked increases in endothlelial cell marker expressions (Flk1, Tie2, ANGPT1, vWF) in addition to forming an extensive perfusable vascular network after 2-week subcutaneous implantation. Additionally, favorable host macrophage response is achieved with GHPA as shown by decreased iNOS and increased MRC1 expression. These results indicate GHPA as a promising soluble factor-free cell delivery template which induces endothelial differentiation of MSCs with robust neovasculature formation and favorable host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Hyun Lee
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235 USA
| | - Yunki Lee
- Dept. of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 South Korea
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235 USA
| | - Spencer W. Crowder
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235 USA
| | - Pampee P. Young
- Dept. of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Dept. of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 South Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235 USA
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Chun YW, Feaster TK, Williams CH, Sheng CC, Frist AY, Su YR, Bichell DP, Hong CC. Abstract 122: A Novel Mutation in a X-linked Gene Causes Human Congenital Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/res.115.suppl_1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital dilated cardiomyopathy (cDCM) is a rare but often fatal disease. In most cases, there is no family history, and its etiology is unknown. A major hurdle to elucidating a mechanistic understanding of congenital cardiomyopathy, and primary cardiomyopathies in general, has been a lack of access to diseased human cardiac tissues. Recent advances in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) now enable production of human cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and allows for a systematic study of normal and diseased cardiomyocytes. We hypothesize that cardiomyocytes generated from iPSCs derived from cDCM patients will exhibit cellular and molecular differences from those generated from healthy donor iPSCs and that a rare genetic mutation, or a collection of mutations, plays a critical role in cDCM pathogenesis. To test these hypotheses, we generated cardiomyocytes from iPSCs derived from a 7-month old male with cDCM using a robust cardiac induction protocol based on the “matrigel sandwich” method of Kamp and colleagues. With this remarkably robust induction method, iPSC-CMs from the cDCM patient and a healthy control donor exhibited proteomic profiles that were 99.7% superimposable. Despite the close similarity at the global proteome level, iPSC-CMs from the cDCM patient showed greatly reduced contractility and dramatic structural defects in the sarcomere and the mitochondria. Finally, bioinformatics analyses of the RNAseq data of the patient’s iPSC-CMs discovered a putative causal mutation in an evolutionarily conserved site in a X-linked gene with unknown function. In summary, our work demonstrates that iPSC-based approaches are particularly useful for the study of human congenital heart diseases. We plan to confirm the causality of this mutation using gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 and explore the role of this novel gene in cardiomyocyte structure and function.
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Chun YW, Feaster TK, Boire T, Sheng CC, Sung HJ, Hong CC. Abstract 121: Combinatorial Tailored Polymers Enhanced Maturation of Human iPSC-CMs. Circ Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/res.115.suppl_1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a tremendous interest in human cardiomyocytes generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) for the study and possible treatment of human heart diseases. Despite their vast potential, a significant impediment to a broader application of iPSC-CMs to study human myocyte biology is the structural and functional immaturity of iPSC-CMs. Growing evidence indicates that synthetic polymers utilized as extracellular substrates can exert significant effects on in vitro tissue generation, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Based on the profound impact of the extracellular matrix of developing embryos on in vivo organogenesis, we hypothesize that engineered polymer substrates will likewise influence in vitro maturation of iPSC-CMs. A subset of combinatorial polymers was synthesized by polymerizing poly(ε-caprolacton) (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and carboxylated PCL (cPCL), abbreviated as x%PEG-y%PCL-z%cPCL (x, y, and z: molar %). We investigated effects of the polymer composition on maturation of iPSC-CMs with respect to the beating behavior, mitochondrial function and molecular profiles after 30 days in culture on polymer scaffolds. Results showed the 4%PEG-96%PCL scaffold promoted the most active beating in iPSC-CMs at 30 days and further, that the mitochondrial function, as assessed by tetramethyl rhodamine methylester (TMRM) was significantly increased in the iPSC-CMs cultured on 4%PEG-96%PCL over other polymers. Molecular profiling analysis indicates 4%PEG-96%PCL scaffolds enhanced the expression of MYL2 (a commonly accepted marker of mature ventricular myocytes) as well as of components of the intermediate filaments linking the plasma membrane to the myofilament. In summary, although the polymers we used here exhibit similar physicochemical properties, they have divergent effects on iPSC-CM differentiation. Thus, specific chemical compositions of synthetic substrates can exert profound influence on in vitro maturation of hiPSC-CMs. Our work exploring the effects of synthetic biomaterials on human stem cell differentiation could pave the way for a successful translation of ongoing advances in tissue engineering to new treatments for human heart diseases.
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Yang T, Chun YW, Stroud DM, Mosley JD, Knollmann BC, Hong C, Roden DM. Screening for acute IKr block is insufficient to detect torsades de pointes liability: role of late sodium current. Circulation 2014; 130:224-34. [PMID: 24895457 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.007765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New drugs are routinely screened for IKr blocking properties thought to predict QT prolonging and arrhythmogenic liability. However, recent data suggest that chronic (hours) drug exposure to phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors used in cancer can prolong QT by inhibiting potassium currents and increasing late sodium current (INa-L) in cardiomyocytes. We tested the extent to which IKr blockers with known QT liability generate arrhythmias through this pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Acute exposure to dofetilide, an IKr blocker without other recognized electropharmacologic actions, produced no change in ion currents or action potentials in adult mouse cardiomyocytes, which lack IKr. By contrast, 2 to 48 hours of exposure to the drug generated arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations and ≥15-fold increases in INa-L. Including phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, a downstream effector for the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, in the pipette inhibited these effects. INa-L was also increased, and inhibitable by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, with hours of dofetilide exposure in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with SCN5A, encoding sodium current. Cardiomyocytes from dofetilide-treated mice similarly demonstrated increased INa-L and afterdepolarizations. Other agents with variable IKr-blocking potencies and arrhythmia liability produced a range of effects on INa-L, from marked increases (E-4031, d-sotalol, thioridazine, and erythromycin) to little or no effect (haloperidol, moxifloxacin, and verapamil). CONCLUSIONS Some but not all drugs designated as arrhythmogenic IKr blockers can generate arrhythmias by augmenting INa-L through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. These data identify a potential mechanism for individual susceptibility to proarrhythmia and highlight the need for a new paradigm to screen drugs for QT prolonging and arrhythmogenic liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Young Wook Chun
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Dina M Stroud
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Charles Hong
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Dan M Roden
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
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Wang X, Zachman AL, Chun YW, Shen FW, Hwang YS, Sung HJ. Polymeric stent materials dysregulate macrophage and endothelial cell functions: implications for coronary artery stent. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:688-95. [PMID: 24820736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodegradable polymers have been applied as bulk or coating materials for coronary artery stents. The degradation of polymers, however, could induce endothelial dysfunction and aggravate neointimal formation. Here we use polymeric microparticles to simulate and demonstrate the effects of degraded stent materials on phagocytic activity, cell death and dysfunction of macrophages and endothelial cells. METHODS Microparticles made of low molecular weight polyesters were incubated with human macrophages and coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs). Microparticle-induced phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cytokine release and surface marker expression were determined by immunostaining or ELISA. Elastase expression was analyzed by ELISA and the elastase-mediated polymer degradation was assessed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS We demonstrated that poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) microparticles induced cytotoxicity in macrophages and ECs, partially through cell apoptosis. The particle treatment alleviated EC phagocytosis, as opposed to macrophages, but enhanced the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 along with decreased nitric oxide production, indicating that ECs were activated and lost their capacity to maintain homeostasis. The activation of both cell types induced the release of elastase or elastase-like protease, which further accelerated polymer degradation. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that low molecule weight PLLA and PCL microparticles increased cytotoxicity and dysregulated endothelial cell function, which in turn enhanced elastase release and polymer degradation. These indicate that polymer or polymer-coated stents impose a risk of endothelial dysfunction after deployment which can potentially lead to delayed endothelialization, neointimal hyperplasia and late thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Angela L Zachman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Fang-Wen Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Yu-Shik Hwang
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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20
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Chun YW, Crowder SW, Mehl SC, Wang X, Bae H, Sung HJ. Therapeutic application of nanotechnology in cardiovascular and pulmonary regeneration. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 7:e201304005. [PMID: 24688735 PMCID: PMC3962146 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201304005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a wide range of nanotechnologies has been approached for material modification by realizing the fact that the extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of nanoscale components and exhibits nanoscale architectures. Moreover, cell-cell and cell- ECM interactions actively occur on the nanoscale and ultimately play large roles in determining cell fate in tissue engineering. Nanomaterials have provided the potential to preferentially control the behavior and differentiation of cells. The present paper reviews the need for nanotechnology in regenerative medicine and the role of nanotechnology in repairing, restoring, and regenerating damaged body parts, such as blood vessels, lungs, and the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Spencer W Crowder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven C Mehl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xintong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hojae Bae
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, S.Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, S.Korea
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21
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Wang X, Chun YW, Zhong L, Hong C, Lim C, Maltais S, Sung HJ. Abstract 138: Thermo-Responsive, Self-Adhesive Injectable Heart Scaffold for Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Delivery. Circ Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Regeneration of heart tissue post-infarction is hampered by the limited proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Due to their expandability and pluripotency, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are considered an ideal cell source to produce cardiomyocytes and regenerate heart tissue. However, previous clinical trials revealed the quick loss of injected cells (> 90%) after delivery in aqueous solutions (e.g. phosphate buffered saline, PBS), which significantly limited the clinical outcome. To enhance the retention of cells and promote tissue regeneration, we synthesized a temperature-responsive polymer which is water-soluble to encapsulate cardiomyocytes at room temperature, following injection into epicardium, it quickly forms a gel and holds the cells
in situ
at body temperature. Functional peptides can be conjugated to this material and facilitate its adhesion to cardiac tissue for optimal cell integration and cardiac regeneration.
Materials and Methods:
The polymers monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were copolymerized to produce mPEG-PCL. The polymer was further modified with decorin-derived peptide, which can firmly bind to collagenous tissue. The solution-to-gel transition temperature (Ts) was determined by dissolving the polymer in PBS, slowly increasing the temperature from 4 to 40°C and checking the fluidity of the solution. The viability of cardiomyocytes encapsulated in polymer gel at 37°C for 2 weeks was determined by calcein AM. Peptide-modified polymer solution was injected to the epithelium of adult rat heart. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the heart functions before and two weeks post injection. The tissue response to this material was studied by histological staining.
Results and Conclusion:
The material successfully underwent solution-to-gel transition at 37°C. Human iPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes encapsulated in the gel were still viable after 2 weeks. There was no heart dysfunction 2 weeks post-injection. No significant inflammatory response was induced in vivo. These demonstrate the safety and feasibility of this material to delivery cardiomyocytes to infarct heart.
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Lee Y, Bae JW, Oh DH, Park KM, Chun YW, Sung HJ, Park KD. In situ forming gelatin-based tissue adhesives and their phenolic content-driven properties. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2407-2414. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sewell-Loftin MK, Chun YW, Khademhosseini A, Merryman WD. EMT-inducing biomaterials for heart valve engineering: taking cues from developmental biology. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2011; 4:658-71. [PMID: 21751069 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-011-9300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although artificial prostheses for diseased heart valves have been around for several decades, viable heart valve replacements have yet to be developed due to their complicated nature. The majority of research in heart valve replacement technology seeks to improve decellularization techniques for porcine valves or bovine pericardium as an effort to improve current clinically used valves. The drawback of clinically used valves is that they are nonviable and thus do not grow or remodel once implanted inside patients. This is particularly detrimental for pediatric patients, who will likely need several reoperations over the course of their lifetimes to implant larger valves as the patient grows. Due to this limitation, additional biomaterials, both synthetic and natural in origin, are also being investigated as novel scaffolds for tissue-engineered heart valves, specifically for the pediatric population. Here, we provide a brief overview of valves in clinical use as well as of the materials being investigated as novel tissue-engineered heart valve scaffolds. Additionally, we focus on natural-based biomaterials for promoting cell behavior that is indicative of the developmental biology process that occurs in the formation of heart valves in utero, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or transformation. By engineering materials that promote native developmental biology cues and signaling, while also providing mechanical integrity once implanted, a viable tissue-engineered heart valve may one day be realized. A viable tissue-engineered heart valve, capable of growing and remodeling actively inside a patient, could reduce risks and complications associated with current valve replacement options and improve overall quality of life in the thousands of patients who received such valves each year, particularly for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Sewell-Loftin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0493, USA
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24
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Tsang M, Chun YW, Im YM, Khang D, Webster TJ. Effects of increasing carbon nanofiber density in polyurethane composites for inhibiting bladder cancer cell functions. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1879-89. [PMID: 21417694 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile elastomer that is commonly used in biomedical applications. In turn, materials derived from nanotechnology, specifically carbon nanofibers (CNFs), have received increasing attention for their potential use in biomedical applications. Recent studies have shown that the dispersion of CNFs in PU significantly enhances composite nanoscale surface roughness, tensile properties, and thermal stability. Although there have been studies concerning normal primary cell functions on such nanocomposites, there have been few studies detailing cancer cell responses. Since many patients who require bladder transplants have suffered from bladder cancer, the ideal bladder prosthetic material should not only promote normal primary human urothelial cell (HUC) function, but also inhibit the return of bladder cancerous cell activity. This study examined the correlation between transitional (UMUC) and squamous (or SCaBER) urothelial carcinoma cells and HUC on PU:CNF nanocomposites of varying PU and CNF weight ratios (from pure PU to 4:1 [PU:CNF volume ratios], 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 composites to pure CNF). Composites were characterized for mechanical properties, wettability, surface roughness, and chemical composition by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and goniometry. The adhesion and proliferation of UMUC and SCaBER cancer cells were assessed by MTS assays. Cellular responses were further quantified by measuring the amounts of nuclear mitotic protein 22 (NMP-22), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Results demonstrated that both UMUC and SCaBER cell proliferation rates decreased over time on substrates with increased CNF in PU. In addition, with the exception of VEGF from UMUC (which was the same across all materials), composites containing the most CNF activated cancer cells (UMUC and SCaBER) the least, as shown by their decreased expression of NMP-22, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and VEGF. Moreover, the adhesion of HUC increased on composites containing more CNF than PU. Overall levels of NMP-22 were significantly lower in HUC than in cancerous UMUC and SCaBER cells on PU:CNF composites. Thus, this study provided a novel nanocomposite consisting of CNF and PU that should be further studied for inhibiting the return of cancerous bladder tissue and for promoting normal non-cancerous bladder tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tsang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02917, USA
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Chun YW, Lim H, Webster TJ, Haberstroh KM. Nanostructured bladder tissue replacements. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010; 3:134-145. [PMID: 20730887 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between cells or tissues and natural or synthetic materials which mimic the natural biological environment has been a matter of great interest in tissue engineering. In particular, surface properties of biomaterials (regardless of whether they are natural or synthetic) have been optimized using nanotechnology to improve interactions with cells for regenerative medicine applications. Specifically, in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated greater bladder tissue growth on polymeric surfaces with nanoscale to submicron surface features. Improved bladder cell responses on nanostructured polymers have been correlated to unique nanomaterial surface features leading to greater surface energy which influences initial protein interactions. Moreover, coupled with the observed greater in vitro and in vivo bladder cell adhesion as well as proliferation on nanostructured compared to conventional synthetic polymers, decreased calcium stone formation has also been measured. In this article, the importance of nanostructured biomaterial surface features for bladder tissue replacements are reviewed with thoughts on future directions for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hojean Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
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Zhang L, Chun YW, Webster TJ. Decreased lung carcinoma cell density on select polymer nanometer surface features for lung replacement therapies. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:269-75. [PMID: 20517474 PMCID: PMC2875723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has been widely used as a biomaterial in regenerative medicine because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. Previous studies have shown that cells (such as bladder smooth muscle cells, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts) respond differently to nanostructured PLGA surfaces compared with nanosmooth surfaces. The purpose of the present in vitro research was to prepare PLGA films with various nanometer surface features and determine whether lung cancer epithelial cells respond differently to such topographies. To create nanosurface features on PLGA, different sized (190 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, and 530 nm diameter) polystyrene beads were used to cast polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds which were used as templates to create nanofeatured PLGA films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and root mean square roughness (RMS) values indicated that the intended spherical surface nanotopographies on PLGA with RMS values of 2.23, 5.03, 5.42, and 36.90 nm were formed by employing 190, 300, 400, and 530 nm beads. A solution evaporation method was also utilized to modify PLGA surface features by using 8 wt% (to obtain an AFM RMS value of 0.62 nm) and 4 wt% (to obtain an AFM RMS value of 2.23 nm) PLGA in chloroform solutions. Most importantly, lung cancer epithelial cells adhered less on the PLGA surfaces with RMS values of 0.62, 2.23, and 5.42 nm after four hours of culture compared with any other PLGA surface created here. After three days, PLGA surfaces with an RMS value of 0.62 nm had much lower cell density than any other sample. In this manner, PLGA with specific nanometer surface features may inhibit lung cancer cell density which may provide an important biomaterial for the treatment of lung cancer (from drug delivery to regenerative medicine).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI USA,Correspondence: Thomas J Webster, Division of Engineering and Department, of Orthopedics, Brown University, 184, Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA, Tel +1 401 863 2318, Fax +1 401 863 9107, Email
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Abstract
Nanomedicine (a division of nanotechnology) is an interdisciplinary research field incorporating biology, chemistry, engineering and medicine with the intention to improve disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Specifically, there have been great strides made in using nanomedicine to enhance the functions of cells necessary to regenerate a diverse number of tissues (such as bone, blood vessels, the bladder, teeth, the nervous system, and the heart to name a few). Traditional (micron-structured or nano-smooth) implants suffer from: (i) infection, (ii) inflammation, and (iii) insufficient prolonged bonding between the implanted material and surrounding tissue. To date, such conventional implants have been improved by implementing nanotopographical features on their surfaces. In this review paper, the application of nanomaterials to regenerate numerous organs (including, as specific examples, bone, neural, and bladder tissues) will be presented with necessary future directions highlighted for the field of nanomedicine to progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Division of Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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28
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Chun YW, Khang D, Haberstroh KM, Webster TJ. The role of polymer nanosurface roughness and submicron pores in improving bladder urothelial cell density and inhibiting calcium oxalate stone formation. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:085104. [PMID: 19417440 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/8/085104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have been proposed for replacing resected cancerous bladder tissue. However, conventional (or nanosmooth) polymers used in such applications (such as poly(ether) urethane (PU) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)) often fail clinically due to poor bladder tissue regeneration, low cytocompatibility properties, and excessive calcium stone formation. For the successful reconstruction of bladder tissue, polymer surfaces should be modified to combat these common problems. Along these lines, implementing nanoscale surface features that mimic the natural roughness of bladder tissue on polymer surfaces can promote appropriate cell growth, accelerate bladder tissue regeneration and inhibit bladder calcium stone formation. To test this hypothesis, in this study, the cytocompatibility properties of both a non-biodegradable polymer (PU) and a biodegradable polymer (PLGA) were investigated after etching in chemicals (HNO(3) and NaOH, respectively) to create nanoscale surface features. After chemical etching, PU possessed submicron sized pores and numerous nanometer surface features while PLGA possessed few pores and large amounts of nanometer surface roughness. Results from this study strongly supported the assertion that nanometer scale surface roughness produced on PU and PLGA promoted the density of urothelial cells (cells that line the interior of the bladder), with the greatest urothelial cell densities observed on nanorough PLGA. In addition, compared to respective conventional polymers, the results provided evidence that nanorough PU and PLGA inhibited calcium oxalate stone formation; submicron pored nanorough PU inhibited calcium oxalate stone formation the most. Thus, results from the present study suggest the importance of nanometer topographical cues for designing better materials for bladder tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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