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Dabrowski B, Ulanowicz G, Brzozka Z, Zuchowska A. Studies of the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) with endothelial cells under static and flow conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104541. [PMID: 39186964 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Graphene oxide, due to its unique properties, has several potential applications in biomedicine, especially as a drug carrier. Despite emerging studies on its cytotoxicity and uptake into cells, there are still gaps in knowledge on this area. When analyzing the internalization of nanomaterials, many different factors must be considered, including particle size, surface modifications, and interactions with biological fluids that can change their properties. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of graphene oxide fractions in different sizes and samples incubated in human serum on endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, the study was conducted in both macroscale and microscale using Cell-on-a-Chip technology to better replicate in vivo conditions. Our findings indicate that samples incubated with serum reduce the efficiency of fraction uptake into cells. It was also observed that the uptake efficiency of graphene oxide (GO) fractions is higher in the microscale (in more real to in vivo environment) compared to the macroscale. Our research has shown that in order to determine the correct interaction of new materials into mammalian cells, it is necessary to take into account many different biochemical and physical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dabrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - G Ulanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - Z Brzozka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - A Zuchowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.
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2
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Jiang Y, Wei ZY, Song ZF, Qian HY. Platelet-inspired targeting delivery for coronary heart disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27166. [PMID: 38449604 PMCID: PMC10915553 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological processes, with their special targeting/adhering properties towards infarcted myocardium, injured or dysfunctional endothelium, and growing thrombus. Leveraging the site-targeting/adhering property, a variety of platelet-inspired targeting delivery(PITD)designs have been developed, the majority of which are reached by hitchhiking live platelets, cloaking nanoparticles with platelet membranes and mimicking platelet functions. With PITD, drugs or regenerative cells can directly reach targeted sites with minimized systematical distribution thus being of great clinical benefits. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health burden worldwide. Plenty of PITD designs have shown promising outcomes for the treatment of CHD in preclinical models, especially in thrombolysis and post-percutaneous coronary intervention (post-PCI) anti-restenosis. Besides, PITD applications in cardiac protection and atherosclerotic plaque imaging are also under investigation. What's more, the potential benefits of PITD in the field of cell-based therapy are also attracting growing attention since it may resolve the problem of low arriving and retention efficiency, which are also particularly discussed in this review. In brief, our focus is putting on PITD strategies designed for the treatment of CHD, which hopefully can facilitate further optimization of this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hai-Yan Qian
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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3
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Mary B, Asokan N, Jerabkova-Roda K, Larnicol A, Busnelli I, Stemmelen T, Pichot A, Molitor A, Carapito R, Lefebvre O, Goetz JG, Hyenne V. Blood flow diverts extracellular vesicles from endothelial degradative compartments to promote angiogenesis. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57042. [PMID: 37971863 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by tumors (tEVs) disseminate via circulatory networks and promote microenvironmental changes in distant organs favoring metastatic seeding. Despite their abundance in the bloodstream, how hemodynamics affect the function of circulating tEVs remains unsolved. We demonstrated that efficient uptake of tEVs occurs in venous endothelial cells that are subjected to hemodynamics. Low flow regimes observed in veins partially reroute internalized tEVs toward non-acidic and non-degradative Rab14-positive endosomes, at the expense of lysosomes, suggesting that endothelial mechanosensing diverts tEVs from degradation. Subsequently, tEVs promote the expression of pro-angiogenic transcription factors in low flow-stimulated endothelial cells and favor vessel sprouting in zebrafish. Altogether, we demonstrate that low flow regimes potentiate the pro-tumoral function of circulating tEVs by promoting their uptake and rerouting their trafficking. We propose that tEVs contribute to pre-metastatic niche formation by exploiting endothelial mechanosensing in specific vascular regions with permissive hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mary
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nandini Asokan
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katerina Jerabkova-Roda
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Annabel Larnicol
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tristan Stemmelen
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Angélique Pichot
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Molitor
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaël Carapito
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Hyenne
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, SNC5055, Strasbourg, France
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4
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Mechanical Forces Govern Interactions of Host Cells with Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0009420. [PMID: 35285720 PMCID: PMC9199418 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00094-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat infectious diseases, it is important to understand how host cells interact with bacterial pathogens. Signals conveyed from pathogen to host, and vice versa, may be either chemical or mechanical. While the molecular and biochemical basis of host-pathogen interactions has been extensively explored, relatively less is known about mechanical signals and responses in the context of those interactions. Nevertheless, a wide variety of bacterial pathogens appear to have developed mechanisms to alter the cellular biomechanics of their hosts in order to promote their survival and dissemination, and in turn many host responses to infection rely on mechanical alterations in host cells and tissues to limit the spread of infection. In this review, we present recent findings on how mechanical forces generated by host cells can promote or obstruct the dissemination of intracellular bacterial pathogens. In addition, we discuss how in vivo extracellular mechanical signals influence interactions between host cells and intracellular bacterial pathogens. Examples of such signals include shear stresses caused by fluid flow over the surface of cells and variable stiffness of the extracellular matrix on which cells are anchored. We highlight bioengineering-inspired tools and techniques that can be used to measure host cell mechanics during infection. These allow for the interrogation of how mechanical signals can modulate infection alongside biochemical signals. We hope that this review will inspire the microbiology community to embrace those tools in future studies so that host cell biomechanics can be more readily explored in the context of infection studies.
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5
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Stawicki CM, Rinker TE, Burns M, Tonapi SS, Galimidi RP, Anumala D, Robinson JK, Klein JS, Mallick P. Modular fluorescent nanoparticle DNA probes for detection of peptides and proteins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19921. [PMID: 34620912 PMCID: PMC8497506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescently labeled antibody and aptamer probes are used in biological studies to characterize binding interactions, measure concentrations of analytes, and sort cells. Fluorescent nanoparticle labels offer an excellent alternative to standard fluorescent labeling strategies due to their enhanced brightness, stability and multivalency; however, challenges in functionalization and characterization have impeded their use. This work introduces a straightforward approach for preparation of fluorescent nanoparticle probes using commercially available reagents and common laboratory equipment. Fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles, Thermo Fisher Scientific FluoSpheres, were used in these proof-of-principle studies. Particle passivation was achieved by covalent attachment of amine-PEG-azide to carboxylated particles, neutralizing the surface charge from - 43 to - 15 mV. A conjugation-annealing handle and DNA aptamer probe were attached to the azide-PEG nanoparticle surface either through reaction of pre-annealed handle and probe or through a stepwise reaction of the nanoparticles with the handle followed by aptamer annealing. Nanoparticles functionalized with DNA aptamers targeting histidine tags and VEGF protein had high affinity (EC50s ranging from 3 to 12 nM) and specificity, and were more stable than conventional labels. This protocol for preparation of nanoparticle probes relies solely on commercially available reagents and common equipment, breaking down the barriers to use nanoparticles in biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torri E Rinker
- Nautilus Biotechnology, 201 Industrial Rd #310, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA.
| | - Markus Burns
- Nautilus Biotechnology, 201 Industrial Rd #310, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Sonal S Tonapi
- Nautilus Biotechnology, 201 Industrial Rd #310, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Rachel P Galimidi
- Nautilus Biotechnology, 201 Industrial Rd #310, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Deepthi Anumala
- Nautilus Biotechnology, 201 Industrial Rd #310, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Julia K Robinson
- Nautilus Biotechnology, 201 Industrial Rd #310, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Joshua S Klein
- Nautilus Biotechnology, 201 Industrial Rd #310, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Nautilus Biotechnology, 201 Industrial Rd #310, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
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6
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Chingale M, Zhu D, Cheng K, Huang K. Bioengineering Technologies for Cardiac Regenerative Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:681705. [PMID: 34150737 PMCID: PMC8209515 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.681705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative medicine faces big challenges such as a lack of adult cardiac stem cells, low turnover of mature cardiomyocytes, and difficulty in therapeutic delivery to the injured heart. The interaction of bioengineering and cardiac regenerative medicine offers innovative solutions to this field. For example, cell reprogramming technology has been applied by both direct and indirect routes to generate patient-specific cardiomyocytes. Various viral and non-viral vectors have been utilized for gene editing to intervene gene expression patterns during the cardiac remodeling process. Cell-derived protein factors, exosomes, and miRNAs have been isolated and delivered through engineered particles to overcome many innate limitations of live cell therapy. Protein decoration, antibody modification, and platelet membranes have been used for targeting and precision medicine. Cardiac patches have been used for transferring therapeutics with better retention and integration. Other technologies such as 3D printing and 3D culture have been used to create replaceable cardiac tissue. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in bioengineering and biotechnologies for cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Chingale
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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7
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Hu B, Boakye‐Yiadom KO, Yu W, Yuan Z, Ho W, Xu X, Zhang X. Nanomedicine Approaches for Advanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis and Related Ischemic Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000336. [PMID: 32597562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. In response to this and other worldwide health epidemics, nanomedicine has emerged as a rapidly evolving discipline that involves the development of innovative nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their applications in therapy and diagnosis. Nanomedicine presents unique advantages over conventional medicines due to the superior properties intrinsic to nanoscopic therapies. Once used mainly for cancer therapies, recently, tremendous progress has been made in nanomedicine that has led to an overall improvement in the treatment and diagnosis of CVDs. This review elucidates the pathophysiology and potential targets of atherosclerosis and associated ischemic diseases. It may be fruitful to pursue future work in the nanomedicine-mediated treatment of CVDs based on these targets. A comprehensive overview is then provided featuring the latest preclinical and clinical outcomes in cardiovascular imaging, biomarker detection, tissue engineering, and nanoscale delivery, with specific emphasis on nanoparticles, nanostructured scaffolds, and nanosensors. Finally, the challenges and opportunities regarding the future development and clinical translation of nanomedicine in related fields are discussed. Overall, this review aims to provide a deep and thorough understanding of the design, application, and future development of nanomedicine for atherosclerosis and related ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Kofi Oti Boakye‐Yiadom
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Wei Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - William Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xue‐Qing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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8
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Shurbaji S, G. Anlar G, A. Hussein E, Elzatahry A, C. Yalcin H. Effect of Flow-Induced Shear Stress in Nanomaterial Uptake by Cells: Focus on Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1916. [PMID: 32708521 PMCID: PMC7409087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanomedicines have gained a great deal of attention in diverse biomedical applications, including anti-cancer therapy. Being different from normal tissue, the biophysical microenvironment of tumor cells and cancer cell mechanics should be considered for the development of nanostructures as anti-cancer agents. Throughout the last decades, many efforts devoted to investigating the distinct cancer environment and understanding the interactions between tumor cells and have been applied bio-nanomaterials. This review highlights the microenvironment of cancer cells and how it is different from that of healthy tissue. We gave special emphasis to the physiological shear stresses existing in the cancerous surroundings, since these stresses have a profound effect on cancer cell/nanoparticle interaction. Finally, this study reviews relevant examples of investigations aimed at clarifying the cellular nanoparticle uptake behavior under both static and dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Shurbaji
- Materials Science and Technology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.S.); (E.A.H.)
| | - Gulsen G. Anlar
- College of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Essraa A. Hussein
- Materials Science and Technology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.S.); (E.A.H.)
| | - Ahmed Elzatahry
- Materials Science and Technology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.S.); (E.A.H.)
| | - Huseyin C. Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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9
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Endothelial Cell Targeting by cRGD-Functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles under Static and Flow Conditions. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071353. [PMID: 32664364 PMCID: PMC7407316 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since αvβ3 integrin is a key component of angiogenesis in health and disease, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-functionalized nanocarriers have been investigated as vehicles for targeted delivery of drugs to the αvβ3 integrin-overexpressing neovasculature of tumors. In this work, PEGylated nanoparticles (NPs) based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) functionalized with cyclic-RGD (cRGD), were evaluated as nanocarriers for the targeting of angiogenic endothelium. For this purpose, NPs (~300 nm) functionalized with cRGD with different surface densities were prepared by maleimide-thiol chemistry and their interactions with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated under different conditions using flow cytometry and microscopy. The cell association of cRGD-NPs under static conditions was time-, concentration- and cRGD density-dependent. The interactions between HUVECs and cRGD-NPs dispersed in cell culture medium under flow conditions were also time- and cRGD density-dependent. When washed red blood cells (RBCs) were added to the medium, a 3 to 8-fold increase in NPs association to HUVECs was observed. Moreover, experiments conducted under flow in the presence of RBC at physiologic hematocrit and shear rate, are a step forward in the prediction of in vivo cell–particle association. This approach has the potential to assist development and high-throughput screening of new endothelium-targeted nanocarriers.
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10
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Nowak M, Brown TD, Graham A, Helgeson ME, Mitragotri S. Size, shape, and flexibility influence nanoparticle transport across brain endothelium under flow. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10153. [PMID: 32440560 PMCID: PMC7237148 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutic formulations are being increasingly explored for the treatment of various ailments. Despite numerous advances, the success of nanoparticle-based technologies in treating brain diseases has been limited. Translational hurdles of nanoparticle therapies are attributed primarily to their limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is one of the body's most exclusive barriers. Several efforts have been focused on developing affinity-based agents and using them to increase nanoparticle accumulation at the brain endothelium. Very little is known about the role of fundamental physical parameters of nanoparticles such as size, shape, and flexibility in determining their interactions with and penetration across the BBB. Using a three-dimensional human BBB microfluidic model (μHuB), we investigate the impact of these physical parameters on nanoparticle penetration across the BBB. To gain insights into the dependence of transport on nanoparticle properties, two separate parameters were measured: the number of nanoparticles that fully cross the BBB and the number that remain associated with the endothelium. Association of nanoparticles with the brain endothelium was substantially impacted by their physical characteristics. Hard particles associate more with the endothelium compared to soft particles, as do small particles compared to large particles, and spherical particles compared to rod-shaped particles. Transport across the BBB also exhibited a dependence on nanoparticle properties. A nonmonotonic dependence on size was observed, where 200 nm particles exhibited higher BBB transport compared to 100 and 500 nm spheres. Rod-shaped particles exhibited higher BBB transport when normalized by endothelial association and soft particles exhibited comparable transport to hard particles when normalized by endothelial association. Tuning nanoparticles' physical parameters could potentially enhance their ability to cross the BBB for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Nowak
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University29 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University3 Blackfan CircleBostonMA02115
| | - Tyler D. Brown
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University29 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University3 Blackfan CircleBostonMA02115
| | - Adam Graham
- Center for Nanoscale SystemsHarvard University11 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University29 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University3 Blackfan CircleBostonMA02115
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11
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Benchimol MJ, Bourne D, Moghimi SM, Simberg D. Pharmacokinetic analysis reveals limitations and opportunities for nanomedicine targeting of endothelial and extravascular compartments of tumours. J Drug Target 2019; 27:690-698. [PMID: 30614276 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1566339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of nanoparticles to tumours can potentially improve the specificity of imaging and treatments. We have developed a multicompartmental pharmacokinetic model in order to analyse some of the factors that control efficiency of targeting to intravascular (endothelium) and extravascular (tumour cells and stroma) compartments. We make the assumption that transport across tumour endothelium is an important step for subsequent nanoparticle accumulation in the tumour (area-under-the-curve, AUC) regardless of entry route (interendothelial and transendothelial routes) and study this through a multicompartmental simulation. Our model reveals that increasing endothelial targeting efficiency has a much stronger effect on the AUC than increasing extravascular targeting efficiency. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that both extravasation and intratumoral diffusion rates need to be increased in order to significantly increase the AUC of extravascular-targeted nanoparticles. Increasing the nanoparticle circulation half-life increases the AUC independently of extravasation and intratumoral diffusion. Targeting the extravascular compartment leads to a buildup in the first layer surrounding blood vessels at the expense of deeper layers (binding site barrier). This model explains some of the limitations of tumour targeting and provides important guidelines for the design of targeted nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Bourne
- b The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,c Center for Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics , The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Seyed Moein Moghimi
- d Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety , Aurora , CO , USA.,e School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, King George VI Building , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.,f Division of Stratified Medicine, Biomarkers & Therapeutics , Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- b The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,d Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety , Aurora , CO , USA
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12
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Constantinescu CA, Fuior EV, Rebleanu D, Deleanu M, Simion V, Voicu G, Escriou V, Manduteanu I, Simionescu M, Calin M. Targeted Transfection Using PEGylated Cationic Liposomes Directed Towards P-Selectin Increases siRNA Delivery into Activated Endothelial Cells. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E47. [PMID: 30669699 PMCID: PMC6359248 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
: The progress in small-interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics depends on the development of suitable nanocarriers to perform specific and effective delivery to dysfunctional cells. In this paper, we questioned whether P-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule specifically expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells (EC) could be employed as a target for nanotherapeutic intervention. To this purpose, we developed and characterized P-selectin targeted PEGylated cationic liposomes able to efficiently pack siRNA and to function as efficient vectors for siRNA delivery to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activated EC. Targeted cationic liposomes were obtained by coupling a peptide with high affinity for P-selectin to a functionalized PEGylated phospholipid inserted in the liposomes' bilayer (Psel-lipo). As control, scrambled peptide coupled cationic liposomes (Scr-lipo) were used. The lipoplexes obtained by complexation of Psel-lipo with siRNA (Psel-lipo/siRNA) were taken up specifically and at a higher extent by TNF-α activated b.End3 endothelial cells as compared to non-targeted Scr-lipo/siRNA. The Psel-lipo/siRNA delivered with high efficiency siRNA into the cells. The lipoplexes were functional as demonstrated by the down-regulation of the selected gene (GAPDH). The results demonstrate an effective targeted delivery of siRNA into cultured activated endothelial cells using P-selectin directed PEGylated cationic liposomes, which subsequently knock-down the desired gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ana Constantinescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (UASVM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 050097 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Elena Valeria Fuior
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniela Rebleanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mariana Deleanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (UASVM), Faculty of Biotechnologies, 011464 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Viorel Simion
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Geanina Voicu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Virginie Escriou
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS) UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS) U 1022, 75006 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), 75006 Paris, France.
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Manuela Calin
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
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13
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Li Z, Hu S, Cheng K. Platelets and their biomimetics for regenerative medicine and cancer therapies. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7354-7365. [PMID: 31372220 PMCID: PMC6675472 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02301h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, circulating blood cells derived from megakaryocytes, play a key role in various physical activities, including coagulation, hemostasis, the body's innate immune response, and cancer metastasis. By taking advantage of their key traits, researchers have developed strategies to exploit platelets and platelet-mimicking nanoassemblies to treat a number of conditions, including wounds, cancers, and bacterial infections. Compared to traditional polymer, lipsosome, and inorganic nanoparticles-based delivery systems, platelets and platelet-mimicking vehicles hold many advantages. Among these are their enhanced circulation time, their large volumes and surface areas for drug loading or conjugation, and their inherent ability to target some diseases. In this review, we will highlight the recent progress made in the development of disease-targeting platelets- and platelet-mimicking-vehicles as therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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14
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Iyer R, Kuriakose AE, Yaman S, Su LC, Shan D, Yang J, Liao J, Tang L, Banerjee S, Xu H, Nguyen KT. Nanoparticle eluting-angioplasty balloons to treat cardiovascular diseases. Int J Pharm 2018; 554:212-223. [PMID: 30408532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to locally deliver anti-restenosis drugs when they are infused directly to the injured arteries after intervention procedures such as angioplasty. However, the efficacy of transferring NPs via infusion to the arterial wall is limited, at least partially, due to poor NP retention on the inner artery wall. To improve NP retention, angioplasty balloons coated with drug-loaded NPs were fabricated via either layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic coating or acrylic-based hydrogel (AAH) coating techniques. Three types of NPs, namely poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), biodegradable photo-luminescent PLGA and urethane doped polyester were studied. The transfer efficacy of NPs from various coatings to the arterial wall were further evaluated to find the optimal coating conditions. The ex vivo NP transfer studies showed significantly more NPs being transferred to the rat arterial wall after the angioplasty procedure by the AAH coating (95% transfer efficiency) compared to that of the LbL technique (60%) and dip coating (20%) under flow conditions (10 dyn/cm2). Our results suggest that the AAH coating of drug-loaded NPs on the angioplasty balloon could potentially provide superior retention of drug-loaded NPs onto the arterial wall for a better local delivery of drug-loaded NPs to effectively treat arterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Iyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Aneetta E Kuriakose
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Serkan Yaman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Lee-Chun Su
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Dingying Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Cardiology, VA North Texas Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
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15
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Menon JU, Kuriakose A, Iyer R, Hernandez E, Gandee L, Zhang S, Takahashi M, Zhang Z, Saha D, Nguyen KT. Dual-Drug Containing Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Lung Cancer Therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13249. [PMID: 29038584 PMCID: PMC5643549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-stage diagnosis of lung cancer occurs ~95% of the time due to late manifestation of its symptoms, necessitating rigorous treatment following diagnosis. Existing treatment methods are limited by lack of specificity, systemic toxicity, temporary remission, and radio-resistance in lung cancer cells. In this research, we have developed a folate receptor-targeting multifunctional dual drug-loaded nanoparticle (MDNP) containing a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-carboxymethyl chitosan shell and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) core for enhancing localized chemo-radiotherapy to effectively treat lung cancers. The formulation provided controlled releases of the encapsulated therapeutic compounds, NU7441 - a potent radiosensitizer, and gemcitabine - an FDA approved chemotherapeutic drug for lung cancer chemo-radiotherapy. The MDNPs showed biphasic NU7441 release and pH-dependent release of gemcitabine. These nanoparticles also demonstrated good stability, excellent hemocompatibility, outstanding in vitro cytocompatibility with alveolar Type I cells, and dose-dependent caveolae-mediated in vitro uptake by lung cancer cells. In addition, they could be encapsulated with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and visualized by MRI in vivo. Preliminary in vivo results demonstrated the low toxicity of these particles and their use in chemo-radiotherapy to effectively reduce lung tumors. These results indicate that MDNPs can potentially be used as nano-vehicles to provide simultaneous chemotherapy and radiation sensitization for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi U Menon
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.,Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Aneetta Kuriakose
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.,Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Roshni Iyer
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.,Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Leah Gandee
- Department of Urology at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA. .,Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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16
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Sohrabi S, Wang S, Tan J, Xu J, Yang J, Liu Y. Nanoparticle transport and delivery in a heterogeneous pulmonary vasculature. J Biomech 2017; 50:240-247. [PMID: 27863742 PMCID: PMC5191937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative understanding of nanoparticles delivery in a complex vascular networks is very challenging because it involves interplay of transport, hydrodynamic force, and multivalent interactions across different scales. Heterogeneous pulmonary network includes up to 16 generations of vessels in its arterial tree. Modeling the complete pulmonary vascular system in 3D is computationally unrealistic. To save computational cost, a model reconstructed from MRI scanned images is cut into an arbitrary pathway consisting of the upper 4-generations. The remaining generations are represented by an artificially rebuilt pathway. Physiological data such as branch information and connectivity matrix are used for geometry reconstruction. A lumped model is used to model the flow resistance of the branches that are cut off from the truncated pathway. Moreover, since the nanoparticle binding process is stochastic in nature, a binding probability function is used to simplify the carrier attachment and detachment processes. The stitched realistic and artificial geometries coupled with the lumped model at the unresolved outlets are used to resolve the flow field within the truncated arterial tree. Then, the biodistribution of 200nm, 700nm and 2µm particles at different vessel generations is studied. At the end, 0.2-0.5% nanocarrier deposition is predicted during one time passage of drug carriers through pulmonary vascular tree. Our truncated approach enabled us to efficiently model hemodynamics and accordingly particle distribution in a complex 3D vasculature providing a simple, yet efficient predictive tool to study drug delivery at organ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Sohrabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Shunqiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Jifu Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Jiang Xu
- School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China.
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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17
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Khodabandehlou K, Masehi-Lano JJ, Poon C, Wang J, Chung EJ. Targeting cell adhesion molecules with nanoparticles using in vivo and flow-based in vitro models of atherosclerosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:799-812. [PMID: 28195515 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217693116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide; in addition to lipid dysfunction, chronic arterial wall inflammation is a key component of atherosclerosis. Techniques that target cell adhesion molecules, which are overexpressed during inflammation, are effective methods to detect and treat atherosclerosis. Specifically, research groups have identified vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, and selectins (E-selectin and P-selectin) as correlated to atherogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent strategies both in vivo and in vitro that target cell adhesion molecules. First, we discuss peptide-based and antibody (Ab)-based nanoparticles utilized in vivo for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications. Second, we discuss flow-based in vitro models that serve to reduce the traditional disadvantages of in vivo studies such as variability, time to develop the disease, and ethical burden, but preserve physiological relevance. The knowledge gained from these targeting studies can be translated into clinical solutions for improved detection, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis. Impact statement As atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of death, there is an urgent need to develop better tools for treatment of the disease. The ability to improve current treatments relies on enhancing the accuracy of in vitro and in vivo atherosclerotic models. While in vivo models provide all the relevant testing parameters, variability between animals and among models used is a barrier to reproducible results and comparability of NP efficacy. In vitro cultures isolate cells into microenvironments that fail to take into account flow separation and shear stress, which are characteristics of atherosclerotic lesions. Flow-based in vitro models provide more physiologically relevant platforms, bridging the gap between in vivo and 2D in vitro models. This is the first review that presents recent advances regarding endothelial cell-targeting using adhesion molecules in light of in vivo and flow-based in vitro models, providing insights for future development of optimal strategies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Khodabandehlou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jacqueline J Masehi-Lano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christopher Poon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hunter N. Bomba
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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19
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Thomann S, Baek S, Ryschich E. Impact of wall shear stress and ligand avidity on binding of anti-CD146-coated nanoparticles to murine tumor endothelium under flow. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39960-8. [PMID: 26503468 PMCID: PMC4741872 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial phenotype of tumor blood vessels differs from the liver and forms an important base for endothelium-specific targeting by antibody-coated nanoparticles. Although differences of shear stress and ligand avidity can modulate the nanoparticle binding to endothelium, these mechanisms are still poorly studied. This study analyzed the binding of antibody-coated nanoparticles to tumor and liver endothelium under controlled flow conditions and verified this binding in tumor models in vivo. Binding of anti-CD146-coated nanoparticles, but not of antibody was significantly reduced under increased wall shear stress and the degree of nanoparticle binding correlated with the avidity of the coating. The intravascular wall shear stress favors nanoparticle binding at the site of higher avidity of endothelial epitope which additionally promotes the selectivity to tumor endothelium. After intravenous application in vivo, pegylated self-coated nanoparticles showed specific binding to tumor endothelium, whereas the nanoparticle binding to the liver endothelium was very low. This study provides a rationale that selective binding of mAb-coated nanoparticles to tumor endothelium is achieved by two factors: higher expression of endothelial epitope and higher nanoparticle shearing from liver endothelium. The combination of endothelial marker targeting and the use of shear stress-controlled nanoparticle capture can be used for selective intratumoral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thomann
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sunhwa Baek
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduard Ryschich
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Xu P, Wang R, Wang X, Ouyang J. Recent advancements in erythrocytes, platelets, and albumin as delivery systems. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2873-84. [PMID: 27274282 PMCID: PMC4876107 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems have been applied to enhance the efficacy of therapeutics and to alleviate negative effects through the controlled delivery of targeting and releasing agents. However, few drug carriers can achieve high targeting efficacy, even when targeting modalities and surface markers are introduced. Immunological problems have also limited their wide applications. Biological drug delivery systems, such as erythrocytes, platelets, and albumin, have been extensively investigated because of their unique properties. In this review, erythrocytes, platelets, and albumin are described as efficient drug delivery systems. Their properties, applications, advantages, and limitations in disease treatment are explained. This review confirms that these systems can be used to facilitate a specific, biocompatible, and smart drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruju Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Rawat J, Gadgil M. Shear stress increases cytotoxicity and reduces transfection efficiency of liposomal gene delivery to CHO-S cells. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2529-2538. [PMID: 27130551 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cells in suspension experience shear stress in different situations such as in vivo due to hemodynamics, or in vitro due to agitation in large-scale bioreactors. Shear stress is known to affect cell physiology, including binding and uptake of extracellular cargo. In adherent cells the effects of exposure to shear stress on particle binding kinetics and uptake have been studied. There are however no reports on the effect of shear stress on extracellular cargo delivery to suspension cells. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of shear stress on transfection of CHO-S cells using Lipofectamine 2000 in a simple flow apparatus. Our results show decreased cell growth and transfection efficiency upon lipoplex assisted transfection of CHO-S while being subjected to shear stress. This effect is not seen to the same extent when cells are exposed to shear stress in absence of the lipoplex complex and subsequently transfected, or if the lipoplex is subjected to shear stress and subsequently used to transfect the cells. It is also not seen to the same extent when cells are exposed to shear stress in presence of liposome alone, suggesting that the observed effect is dependent on interaction of the lipoplex with cells in the presence of shear stress. These results suggest that studies involving liposomal DNA delivery in presence of shear stress such as large scale transient protein expression should account for the effect of shear during lipoplex assisted DNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rawat
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Mugdha Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
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22
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Myerson JW, Anselmo AC, Liu Y, Mitragotri S, Eckmann DM, Muzykantov VR. Non-affinity factors modulating vascular targeting of nano- and microcarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:97-112. [PMID: 26596696 PMCID: PMC4798918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Particles capable of homing and adhering to specific vascular biomarkers have potential as fundamental tools in drug delivery for mediation of a wide variety of pathologies, including inflammation, thrombosis, and pulmonary disorders. The presentation of affinity ligands on the surface of a particle provides a means of targeting the particle to sites of therapeutic interest, but a host of other factors come into play in determining the targeting capacity of the particle. This review presents a summary of several key considerations in nano- and microparticle design that modulate targeted delivery without directly altering epitope-specific affinity. Namely, we describe the effect of factors in definition of the base carrier (including shape, size, and flexibility) on the capacity of carriers to access, adhere to, and integrate in target biological milieus. Furthermore, we present a summary of fundamental dynamics of carrier behavior in circulation, taking into account interactions with cells in circulation and the role of hemodynamics in mediating the direction of carriers to target sites. Finally, we note non-affinity aspects to uptake and intracellular trafficking of carriers in target cells. In total, recent findings presented here may offer an opportunity to capitalize on mitigating factors in the behavior of ligand-targeted carriers in order to optimize targeting.
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23
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Jurney P, Agarwal R, Roy K, Sreenivasan SV, Shi L. Size-Dependent Nanoparticle Uptake by Endothelial Cells in a Capillary Flow System. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4031856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro cell culture system is developed for studying the uptake characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) by endothelial cells under shear stress. Results show that the smaller polystyrene nanospheres are uptaken more than larger nanospheres for sizes ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm for 12, 24, and 48 hrs delivery times. While the result is similar to that found in static cultures, the observed trend is different from NP delivery behaviors to a simple glass surface in a flow, where no clear size dependence was observed because of repulsive electrostatic force on marginating NPs. The trend is also opposite to the behavior found in another study of the adhesion of labeled particles onto endothelial cells in whole blood flow. The comparison shows that the reduced zeta potential of NPs in a serum-containing cell medium and particle removal by cells results in reduced repulsive electrostatic force on marginating NPs. Consequently, the uptake behaviors are dominated by Brownian diffusion and cell membrane deformation process, which favor the uptake of NPs with reduced sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jurney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 e-mail:
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0535 e-mail:
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332-0535 e-mail:
| | - S. V. Sreenivasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1591 e-mail:
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 e-mail:
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24
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Han J, Shuvaev VV, Davies PF, Eckmann DM, Muro S, Muzykantov VR. Flow shear stress differentially regulates endothelial uptake of nanocarriers targeted to distinct epitopes of PECAM-1. J Control Release 2015; 210:39-47. [PMID: 25966362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeting nanocarriers (NC) to endothelial cell adhesion molecules including Platelet-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1 or CD31) improves drug delivery and pharmacotherapy of inflammation, oxidative stress, thrombosis and ischemia in animal models. Recent studies unveiled that hydrodynamic conditions modulate endothelial endocytosis of NC targeted to PECAM-1, but the specificity and mechanism of effects of flow remain unknown. Here we studied the effect of flow on endocytosis by human endothelial cells of NC targeted by monoclonal antibodies Ab62 and Ab37 to distinct epitopes on the distal extracellular domain of PECAM. Flow in the range of 1-8dyn/cm(2), typical for venous vasculature, stimulated the uptake of spherical Ab/NC (~180nm diameter) carrying ~50 vs 200 Ab62 and Ab37 per NC, respectively. Effect of flow was inhibited by disruption of cholesterol-rich plasmalemma domains and deletion of PECAM-1 cytosolic tail. Flow stimulated endocytosis of Ab62/NC and Ab37/NC via eliciting distinct signaling pathways mediated by RhoA/ROCK and Src Family Kinases, respectively. Therefore, flow stimulates endothelial endocytosis of Ab/NC in a PECAM-1 epitope specific manner. Using ligands of binding to distinct epitopes on the same target molecule may enable fine-tuning of intracellular delivery based on the hemodynamic conditions in the vascular area of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA; Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02421, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Peter F Davies
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.
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25
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Huang C, Ozdemir T, Xu LC, Butler PJ, Siedlecki CA, Brown JL, Zhang S. The role of substrate topography on the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:488-95. [PMID: 25939598 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Improving targeting efficacy has been a central focus of the studies on nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery nanocarriers over the past decades. As cells actively sense and respond to the local physical environments, not only the NP design (e.g., size, shape, ligand density, etc.) but also the cell mechanics (e.g., stiffness, spreading, expressed receptors, etc.) affect the cellular uptake efficiency. While much work has been done to elucidate the roles of NP design for cells seeded on a flat tissue culture surface, how the local physical environments of cells mediate uptake of NPs remains unexplored, despite the widely known effect of local physical environments on cellular responses in vitro and disease states in vivo. Here, we report the active responses of human osteosarcoma cells to fibrous substrate topographies and the subsequent changes in the cellular uptake of NPs. Our experiments demonstrate that surface topography modulates cellular uptake efficacy by mediating cell spreading and membrane mechanics. The findings provide a concrete example of the regulative role of the physical environments of cells on cellular uptake of NPs, therefore advancing the rational design of NPs for enhanced drug delivery in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Tugba Ozdemir
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033
| | - Peter J Butler
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Christopher A Siedlecki
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802.,Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033
| | - Justin L Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802.,Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
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26
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Wolfram J, Zhu M, Yang Y, Shen J, Gentile E, Paolino D, Fresta M, Nie G, Chen C, Shen H, Ferrari M, Zhao Y. Safety of Nanoparticles in Medicine. Curr Drug Targets 2015; 16:1671-81. [PMID: 26601723 PMCID: PMC4964712 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666140804124808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. During the past two decades, a growing number of nanomedicines have received regulatory approval and many more show promise for future clinical translation. In this context, it is important to evaluate the safety of nanoparticles in order to achieve biocompatibility and desired activity. However, it is unwarranted to make generalized statements regarding the safety of nanoparticles, since the field of nanomedicine comprises a multitude of different manufactured nanoparticles made from various materials. Indeed, several nanotherapeutics that are currently approved, such as Doxil and Abraxane, exhibit fewer side effects than their small molecule counterparts, while other nanoparticles (e.g. metallic and carbon-based particles) tend to display toxicity. However, the hazardous nature of certain nanomedicines could be exploited for the ablation of diseased tissue, if selective targeting can be achieved. This review discusses the mechanisms for molecular, cellular, organ, and immune system toxicity, which can be observed with a subset of nanoparticles. Strategies for improving the safety of nanoparticles by surface modification and pretreatment with immunomodulators are also discussed. Additionally, important considerations for nanoparticle safety assessment are reviewed. In regards to clinical application, stricter regulations for the approval of nanomedicines might not be required. Rather, safety evaluation assays should be adjusted to be more appropriate for engineered nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
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Su LC, Xu H, Tran RT, Tsai YT, Tang L, Banerjee S, Yang J, Nguyen KT. In situ re-endothelialization via multifunctional nanoscaffolds. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10826-36. [PMID: 25222570 PMCID: PMC4212783 DOI: 10.1021/nn504636n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium monolayer lining in the luminal side of blood vessels provides critical antithrombotic functions. Damage to these cells will expose a highly thrombogenic subendothelium, which leads to pathological vascular changes. Using combined tissue engineering and ligand-receptor targeting strategy, we developed a biodegradable urethane-doped polyester (UPE) multifunctional targeting nanoparticle (MTN) scaffold system with dual ligands: (1) glycoprotein 1b (GP1b) to target the injured arterial endothelium and subendothelium and (2) anti-CD34 antibodies to capture endothelial progenitor cells for endothelium regeneration. The fabricated spherical MTNs of 400 nm were found to be cytocompatible and hemocompatible. Both the in vitro and ex vivo targeting of these nanoscaffolds not only showed binding specificity of MTNs onto the von Willebrand factor -coated surfaces that simulate the injured arterial walls but also competed with platelets for binding onto these injured sites. Further in vivo study has revealed that a single delivery of MTNs upon vascular injury reduced neointimal hyperplasia by 57% while increased endothelium regeneration by ∼ 60% in 21 days. These results support the promise of using MTN nanoscaffolds for treating vascular injury in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Chun Su
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Richard T. Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kytai T. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
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28
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Menon JU, Ravikumar P, Pise A, Gyawali D, Hsia CCW, Nguyen KT. Polymeric nanoparticles for pulmonary protein and DNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2643-52. [PMID: 24512977 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are promising carriers of biological agents to the lung due to advantages including biocompatibility, ease of surface modification, localized action and reduced systemic toxicity. However, there have been no studies extensively characterizing and comparing the behavior of polymeric NPs for pulmonary protein/DNA delivery both in vitro and in vitro. We screened six polymeric NPs: gelatin, chitosan, alginate, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), PLGA-chitosan and PLGA-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), for inhalational protein/DNA delivery. All NPs except PLGA-PEG and alginate were <300nm in size with a bi-phasic core compound release profile. Gelatin, PLGA NPs and PLGA-PEG NPs remained stable in deionized water, serum, saline and simulated lung fluid (Gamble's solution) over 5days. PLGA-based NPs and natural polymer NPs exhibited the highest cytocompatibility and dose-dependent in vitro uptake, respectively, by human alveolar type-1 epithelial cells. Based on these profiles, gelatin and PLGA NPs were used to encapsulate plasmid DNA encoding yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) or rhodamine-conjugated erythropoietin (EPO) for inhalational delivery to rats. Following a single inhalation, widespread pulmonary EPO distribution persisted for up to 10days while increasing YFP expression was observed for at least 7days for both NPs. The overall results support both PLGA and gelatin NPs as promising carriers for pulmonary protein/DNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Priya Ravikumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amruta Pise
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dipendra Gyawali
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
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29
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Howard M, Zern BJ, Anselmo AC, Shuvaev VV, Mitragotri S, Muzykantov V. Vascular targeting of nanocarriers: perplexing aspects of the seemingly straightforward paradigm. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4100-32. [PMID: 24787360 PMCID: PMC4046791 DOI: 10.1021/nn500136z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanomedicine holds promise to find clinical use in many medical areas. Endothelial cells that line the luminal surface of blood vessels represent a key target for treatment of inflammation, ischemia, thrombosis, stroke, and other neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and oncological conditions. In other cases, the endothelium is a barrier for tissue penetration or a victim of adverse effects. Several endothelial surface markers including peptidases (e.g., ACE, APP, and APN) and adhesion molecules (e.g., ICAM-1 and PECAM) have been identified as key targets. Binding of nanocarriers to these molecules enables drug targeting and subsequent penetration into or across the endothelium, offering therapeutic effects that are unattainable by their nontargeted counterparts. We analyze diverse aspects of endothelial nanomedicine including (i) circulation and targeting of carriers with diverse geometries, (ii) multivalent interactions of carrier with endothelium, (iii) anchoring to multiple determinants, (iv) accessibility of binding sites and cellular response to their engagement, (v) role of cell phenotype and microenvironment in targeting, (vi) optimization of targeting by lowering carrier avidity, (vii) endocytosis of multivalent carriers via molecules not implicated in internalization of their ligands, and (viii) modulation of cellular uptake and trafficking by selection of specific epitopes on the target determinant, carrier geometry, and hydrodynamic factors. Refinement of these aspects and improving our understanding of vascular biology and pathology is likely to enable the clinical translation of vascular endothelial targeting of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Howard
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Blaine J. Zern
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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30
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Xu H, Kona S, Su LC, Tsai YT, Dong JF, Brilakis ES, Tang L, Banerjee S, Nguyen KT. Multi-ligand poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles inhibit activation of endothelial cells. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2013; 6:570-8. [PMID: 23640308 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) activation and inflammation is a key step in the initiation and progression of many cardiovascular diseases. Targeted delivery of therapeutic reagents to inflamed EC using nanoparticles is challenging as nanoparticles do not arrest on EC efficiently under high shear stress. In this study, we developed a novel polymeric platelet-mimicking nanoparticle for strong particle adhesion onto ECs and enhanced particle internalization by ECs. This nanoparticle was encapsulated with dexamethasone as the anti-inflammatory drug, and conjugated with polyethylene glycol, glycoprotein 1b, and trans-activating transcriptional peptide. The multi-ligand nanoparticle showed significantly greater adhesion on P-selectin, von Willebrand Factor, than the unmodified particles, and activated EC in vitro under both static and flow conditions. Treatment of injured rat carotid arteries with these multi-ligand nanoparticles suppressed neointimal stenosis more than unconjugated nanoparticles did. These results indicate that this novel multi-ligand nanoparticle is efficient to target inflamed EC and inhibit inflammation and subsequent stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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31
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Han J, Zern BJ, Shuvaev VV, Davies PF, Muro S, Muzykantov V. Acute and chronic shear stress differently regulate endothelial internalization of nanocarriers targeted to platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8824-36. [PMID: 22957767 PMCID: PMC3874124 DOI: 10.1021/nn302687n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nanocarriers (NC) is controlled by their design and target cell phenotype, microenvironment, and functional status. Endothelial cells (EC) lining the vascular lumen represent an important target for drug delivery. Endothelium in vivo is constantly or intermittently (as, for example, during ischemia-reperfusion) exposed to blood flow, which influences NC-EC interactions by changing NC transport properties, and by direct mechanical effects upon EC mechanisms involved in NC binding and uptake. EC do not internalize antibodies to marker glycoprotein PECAM(CD31), yet internalize multivalent NC coated with PECAM antibodies (anti-PECAM/NC) via a noncanonical endocytic pathway distantly related to macropinocytosis. Here we studied the effects of flow on EC uptake of anti-PECAM/NC spheres (~180 nm diameter). EC adaptation to chronic flow, manifested by cellular alignment with flow direction and formation of actin stress fibers, inhibited anti-PECAM/NC endocytosis consistent with lower rates of anti-PECAM/NC endocytosis in vivo in arterial compared to capillary vessels. Acute induction of actin stress fibers by thrombin also inhibited anti-PECAM/NC endocytosis, demonstrating that formation of actin stress fibers impedes EC endocytic machinery. In contrast, acute flow without stress fiber formation, stimulated anti-PECAM/NC endocytosis. Anti-PECAM/NC endocytosis did not correlate with the number of cell-bound particles under flow or static conditions. PECAM cytosolic tail deletion and disruption of cholesterol-rich plasmalemma domains abrogated anti-PECAM/NC endocytosis stimulation by acute flow, suggesting complex regulation of a flow-sensitive endocytic pathway in EC. The studies demonstrate the importance of the local flow microenvironment for NC uptake by the endothelium and suggest that cell culture models of nanoparticle uptake should reflect the microenvironment and phenotype of the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
| | - Blaine J. Zern
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
| | - Peter F. Davies
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
- Address correspondence to
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32
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Wadajkar AS, Bhavsar Z, Ko CY, Koppolu B, Cui W, Tang L, Nguyen KT. Multifunctional particles for melanoma-targeted drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2996-3004. [PMID: 22561668 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New magnetic-based core-shell particles (MBCSPs) were developed to target skin cancer cells while delivering chemotherapeutic drugs in a controlled fashion. MBCSPs consist of a thermo-responsive shell of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide-allylamine) and a core of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) embedded with magnetite nanoparticles. To target melanoma cancer cells, MBCSPs were conjugated with Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptides that specifically bind to the α(5)β(3) receptors of melanoma cells. MBCSPs consist of unique multifunctional and controlled drug delivery characteristics. Specially, they can provide dual drug release mechanisms (a sustained release of drugs through degradation of PLGA core and a controlled release in response to changes in temperature via thermo-responsive polymer shell), and dual targeting mechanisms (magnetic localization and receptor-mediated targeting). Results from in vitro studies indicate that GRGDS-conjugated MBCSPs have an average diameter of 296 nm and exhibit no cytotoxicity towards human dermal fibroblasts up to 500 μg ml(-1). Further, a sustained release of curcumin from the core and a temperature-dependent release of doxorubicin from the shell of MBCSPs were observed. The particles also produced a dark contrast signal in magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, the particles were accumulated at the tumor site in a B16F10 melanoma orthotopic mouse model, especially in the presence of a magnet. Results indicate great potential of MBCSPs as a platform technology to target, treat and monitor melanoma for targeted drug delivery to reduce side effects of chemotherapeutic reagents.
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Samuel SP, Jain N, O'Dowd F, Paul T, Kashanin D, Gerard VA, Gun'ko YK, Prina-Mello A, Volkov Y. Multifactorial determinants that govern nanoparticle uptake by human endothelial cells under flow. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2943-56. [PMID: 22745555 PMCID: PMC3384367 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s30624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelium is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in diverse pathological processes, including inflammation, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. By virtue of their intravascular topography, endothelial cells are exposed to dynamically changing mechanical forces that are generated by blood flow. In the present study, we investigated the interactions of negatively charged 2.7 nm and 4.7 nm CdTe quantum dots and 50 nm silica particles with cultured endothelial cells under regulated shear stress (SS) conditions. Cultured cells within the engineered microfluidic channels were exposed to nanoparticles under static condition or under low, medium, and high SS rates (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 Pa, respectively). Vascular inflammation and associated endothelial damage were simulated by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or by compromising the cell membrane with the use of low Triton X-100 concentration. Our results demonstrate that SS is critical for nanoparticle uptake by endothelial cells. Maximal uptake was registered at the SS rate of 0.05 Pa. By contrast, endothelial exposure to mild detergents or TNF-α treatment had no significant effect on nanoparticle uptake. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated the increased formation of actin-based cytoskeletal structures, including stress fibers and membrane ruffles, which have been associated with nanoparticle endocytosis. In conclusion, the combinatorial effects of SS rates, vascular endothelial conditions, and nanoparticle physical and chemical properties must be taken into account for the successful design of nanoparticle-drug conjugates intended for parenteral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Paul Samuel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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34
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Kona S, Dong JF, Liu Y, Tan J, Nguyen KT. Biodegradable nanoparticles mimicking platelet binding as a targeted and controlled drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2011; 423:516-24. [PMID: 22172292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This research aims to develop targeted nanoparticles as drug carriers to the injured arterial wall under fluid shear stress by mimicking the natural binding ability of platelets via interactions of glycoprotein Ib-alpha (GPIbα) of platelets with P-selectin of damaged endothelial cells (ECs) and/or with von Willebrand factor (vWF) of the subendothelium. Drug-loaded poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were formulated using a standard emulsion method and conjugated with glycocalicin, the external fraction of platelet GPIbα, via carbodiimide chemistry. Surface-coated and cellular uptake studies in ECs showed that conjugation of PLGA nanoparticles, with GPIb, significantly increased nanoparticle adhesion to P-selectin- and vWF-coated surfaces as well as nanoparticle uptake by activated ECs under fluid shear stresses. In addition, effects of nanoparticle size and shear stress on adhesion efficiency were characterized through parallel flow chamber studies. The observed decrease in bound nanoparticle density with increased particle sizes and shear stresses is also explained through a computational model. Our results demonstrate that the GPIb-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles can be used as a targeted and controlled drug delivery system under flow conditions at the site of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya Kona
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, United States
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35
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Bhowmick T, Berk E, Cui X, Muzykantov VR, Muro S. Effect of flow on endothelial endocytosis of nanocarriers targeted to ICAM-1. J Control Release 2011; 157:485-92. [PMID: 21951807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of drugs into the endothelium by nanocarriers targeted to endothelial determinants may improve treatment of vascular maladies. This is the case for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), a glycoprotein overexpressed on endothelial cells (ECs) in many pathologies. ICAM-1-targeted nanocarriers bind to and are internalized by ECs via a non-classical pathway, CAM-mediated endocytosis. In this work we studied the effects of endothelial adaptation to physiological flow on the endocytosis of model polymer nanocarriers targeted to ICAM-1 (anti-ICAM/NCs, ~180 nm diameter). Culturing established endothelial-like cells (EAhy926 cells) and primary human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) under 4 dyn/cm(2) laminar shear stress for 24 h resulted in flow adaptation: cell elongation and formation of actin stress fibers aligned to the flow direction. Fluorescence microscopy showed that flow-adapted cells internalized anti-ICAM/NCs under flow, although at slower rate versus non flow-adapted cells under static incubation (~35% reduction). Uptake was inhibited by amiloride, whereas marginally affected by filipin and cadaverine, implicating that CAM-endocytosis accounts for anti-ICAM/NC uptake under flow. Internalization under flow was more modestly affected by inhibiting protein kinase C, which regulates actin remodeling during CAM-endocytosis. Actin recruitment to stress fibers that maintain the cell shape under flow may delay uptake of anti-ICAM/NCs under this condition by interfering with actin reorganization needed for CAM-endocytosis. Electron microscopy revealed somewhat slow, yet effective endocytosis of anti-ICAM/NCs by pulmonary endothelium after i.v. injection in mice, similar to that of flow-adapted cell cultures: ~40% (30 min) and 80% (3 h) internalization. Similar to cell culture data, uptake was slightly faster in capillaries with lower shear stress. Further, LPS treatment accelerated internalization of anti-ICAM/NCs in mice. Therefore, regulation of endocytosis of ICAM-1-targeted nanocarriers by flow and endothelial status may modulate drug delivery into ECs exposed to different physiological (capillaries vs. arterioles/venules) or pathological (ischemia, inflammation) levels and patterns of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Bhowmick
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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