1
|
Zhang Z, Zhu J, Liu Y, Shao J, Xie S. Effects of cell deformability and adhesion strength on dynamic cell seeding: Cell-scale investigation via mesoscopic modeling. J Biomech 2023; 153:111589. [PMID: 37137273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The flow of cell suspension through a porous scaffold is a common process in dynamic cell seeding, which determines the initial distribution of cells for constructing tissue-engineered grafts. Physical insights into the transport and adhesion behaviors of cells in this process are of great significance to the precise control of cell density and its distribution in the scaffold. Revealing of dynamic mechanisms underlying these cell behaviors through experiments is still difficult. The numerical approach therefore plays an important role in such studies. However, existing studies have mostly focused on external factors (e.g., flow conditions and scaffold architecture) but ignored the intrinsic biomechanical properties of cells as well as their associated effects. The present work utilized a well-established mesoscopic model to simulate the dynamic cell seeding within a porous scaffold, based on which a thorough investigation of the effects of cell deformability and cell-scaffold adhesion strength on the seeding process was carried out. The results show that the increase in either the stiffness or the bond strength of cells would augment the firm-adhesion rate and thus enhance seeding efficiency. In comparison to cell deformability, bond strength seems to play a more dominant role. Especially in the cases with weak bond strength, remarkable losses of seeding efficiency and distribution uniformity are observed. Noteworthily, it is found that both the firm-adhesion rate and the seeding efficiency are quantiatively related to the adhesion strength which is measured as the detachment force, suggesting a straightforward way to estimate the seeding outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Junwei Zhu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Jiaru Shao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China.
| | - Shuangyi Xie
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gabetti S, Masante B, Cochis A, Putame G, Sanginario A, Armando I, Fiume E, Scalia AC, Daou F, Baino F, Salati S, Morbiducci U, Rimondini L, Bignardi C, Massai D. An automated 3D-printed perfusion bioreactor combinable with pulsed electromagnetic field stimulators for bone tissue investigations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13859. [PMID: 35974079 PMCID: PMC9381575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering research, bioreactors designed for replicating the main features of the complex native environment represent powerful investigation tools. Moreover, when equipped with automation, their use allows reducing user intervention and dependence, increasing reproducibility and the overall quality of the culture process. In this study, an automated uni-/bi-directional perfusion bioreactor combinable with pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation for culturing 3D bone tissue models is proposed. A user-friendly control unit automates the perfusion, minimizing the user dependency. Computational fluid dynamics simulations supported the culture chamber design and allowed the estimation of the shear stress values within the construct. Electromagnetic field simulations demonstrated that, in case of combination with a PEMF stimulator, the construct can be exposed to uniform magnetic fields. Preliminary biological tests on 3D bone tissue models showed that perfusion promotes the release of the early differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase. The histological analysis confirmed that perfusion favors cells to deposit more extracellular matrix (ECM) with respect to the static culture and revealed that bi-directional perfusion better promotes ECM deposition across the construct with respect to uni-directional perfusion. Lastly, the Real-time PCR results of 3D bone tissue models cultured under bi-directional perfusion without and with PEMF stimulation revealed that the only perfusion induced a ~ 40-fold up-regulation of the expression of the osteogenic gene collagen type I with respect to the static control, while a ~ 80-fold up-regulation was measured when perfusion was combined with PEMF stimulation, indicating a positive synergic pro-osteogenic effect of combined physical stimulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gabetti
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Masante
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Putame
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanginario
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ileana Armando
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Fiume
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calogero Scalia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Farah Daou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Baino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Bignardi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy. .,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Current Progress in Vascular Engineering and Its Clinical Applications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030493. [PMID: 35159302 PMCID: PMC8834640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely used for the treatment of severe CHD cases. Although autologous vessels are a preferred choice, healthy autologous vessels are not always available; hence there is a demand for tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) to be used as alternatives. However, producing clinical grade implantable TEVGs that could healthily survive in the host with long-term patency is still a great challenge. There are additional difficulties in producing small diameter (<6 mm) vascular conduits. As a result, there have not been TEVGs that are commercially available. Properties of vascular scaffolds such as tensile strength, thrombogenicity and immunogenicity are key factors that determine the biocompatibility of TEVGs. The source of vascular cells employed to produce TEVGs is a limiting factor for large-scale productions. Advanced technologies including the combined use of natural and biodegradable synthetic materials for scaffolds in conjunction with the use of mesenchyme stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide promising solutions for vascular tissue engineering. The aim of this review is to provide an update on various aspects in this field and the current status of TEVG clinical applications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Shankar V, van Blitterswijk C, Vrij E, Giselbrecht S. From Snapshots to Development: Identifying the Gaps in the Development of Stem Cell-based Embryo Models along the Embryonic Timeline. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004250. [PMID: 33898195 PMCID: PMC8061376 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, stem cell-based models that reconstruct mouse and human embryogenesis have gained significant traction due to their near-physiological similarity to natural embryos. Embryo models can be generated in large numbers, provide accessibility to a variety of experimental tools such as genetic and chemical manipulation, and confer compatibility with automated readouts, which permits exciting experimental avenues for exploring the genetic and molecular principles of self-organization, development, and disease. However, the current embryo models recapitulate only snapshots within the continuum of embryonic development, allowing the progression of the embryonic tissues along a specific direction. Hence, to fully exploit the potential of stem cell-based embryo models, multiple important gaps in the developmental landscape need to be covered. These include recapitulating the lesser-explored interactions between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues such as the yolk sac, placenta, and the umbilical cord; spatial and temporal organization of tissues; and the anterior patterning of embryonic development. Here, it is detailed how combinations of stem cells and versatile bioengineering technologies can help in addressing these gaps and thereby extend the implications of embryo models in the fields of cell biology, development, and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinidhra Shankar
- Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERThe Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Vrij
- Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wright ME, Yu JK, Jain D, Maeda A, Yeh SCA, DaCosta RS, Lin CP, Santerre JP. Engineering functional microvessels in synthetic polyurethane random-pore scaffolds by harnessing perfusion flow. Biomaterials 2020; 256:120183. [PMID: 32622017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently reported biomaterial-based approaches toward prevascularizing tissue constructs rely on biologically or structurally complex scaffolds that are complicated to manufacture and sterilize, and challenging to customize for clinical applications. In the current work, a prevascularization method for soft tissue engineering that uses a non-patterned and non-biological scaffold is proposed. Human fibroblasts and HUVECs were seeded on an ionomeric polyurethane-based hydrogel and cultured for 14 days under medium perfusion. A flow rate of 0.05 mL/min resulted in a greater lumen density in the constructs relative to 0.005 and 0.5 mL/min, indicating the critical importance of flow magnitude in establishing microvessels. Constructs generated at 0.05 mL/min perfusion flow were implanted in a mouse subcutaneous model and intravital imaging was used to characterize host blood perfusion through the construct after 2 weeks. Engineered microvessels were functional (i.e. perfused with host blood and non-leaky) and neovascularization of the construct by host vessels was enhanced relative to non-prevascularized constructs. We report on the first strategy toward engineering functional microvessels in a tissue construct using non-bioactive, non-patterned synthetic polyurethane materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Ee Wright
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Yu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Devika Jain
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Azusa Maeda
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shu-Chi A Yeh
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph S DaCosta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charles P Lin
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Z, Tamaddon M, Gu Y, Yu J, Xu N, Gang F, Sun X, Liu C. Cell Seeding Process Experiment and Simulation on Three-Dimensional Polyhedron and Cross-Link Design Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:104. [PMID: 32195229 PMCID: PMC7064471 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell attachment to a scaffold is a significant step toward successful tissue engineering. Cell seeding is the first stage of cell attachment, and its efficiency and distribution can affect the final biological performance of the scaffold. One of the contributing factors to maximize cell seeding efficiency and consequently cell attachment is the design of the scaffold. In this study, we investigated the optimum scaffold structure using two designs – truncated octahedron (TO) structure and cubic structure – for cell attachment. A simulation approach, by ANSYS Fluent coupling the volume of fluid (VOF) model, discrete phase model (DPM), and cell impingement model (CIM), was developed for cell seeding process in scaffold, and the results were validated with in vitro cell culture assays. Our observations suggest that both designs showed a gradual lateral variation of attached cells, and live cell movements are extremely slow by diffusion only while dead cells cannot move without external force. The simulation approaches supply a more accurate model to simulate cell adhesion for three-dimensional structures. As the initial stages of cell attachment in vivo are hard to observe, this novel method provides an opportunity to predict cell distribution, thereby helping to optimize scaffold structures. As tissue formation is highly related to cell distribution, this model may help researchers predict the effect of applied scaffold and reduce the number of animal testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Tamaddon
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yingying Gu
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jianshu Yu
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangli Gang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A 3D computational model of perfusion seeding for investigating cell transport and adhesion within a porous scaffold. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:1461-1475. [PMID: 31900653 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The process of cell seeding within a porous scaffold is an essential first step in the development of tissue-engineered bone grafts. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cell distribution and adhesion is fundamental for the design and optimization of the seeding process. To that end, we present a numerical model to investigate the perfusion cell seeding process that incorporates cell mechanics, cell-fluid interaction, and cell-scaffold adhesion. The individual cells are modeled as deformable spherical capsules capable of adhering to the scaffold surface as well as to other cells with probabilistic bond formation and rupture. The mechanical deformation of the cell is calibrated with the stretching of mice mesenchymal stem cells induced by optical tweezers, while the predicted adhesive forces are consistent with the experimental data reported in the literature. A sub-domain is numerically reconstructed as the region of interest (ROI) which is representative of an actual scaffold. Through the simulations, the perfusion seeding kinetics within the ROI involving detailed transport and adhesion of cells over time is analyzed. The effects of the perfusion pressure and initial cell concentration on the seeding kinetics are studied in terms of adhesion rates, cell cluster formation, seeding uniformity, and efficiency, as well as scaffold permeability. The results highlight the importance of cell-fluid interaction and adhesion dynamics in modeling the dynamic seeding process. This bottom-up model provides a way to bridge detailed behaviors of individual cells to the seeding outcomes at the macroscopic scale, allowing for finding the best configuration to enhance cell seeding.
Collapse
|
8
|
Combined Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Protein Coatings on Myotube Formation in a Soft Porous Scaffold. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:734-746. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
9
|
Schmid J, Schwarz S, Meier-Staude R, Sudhop S, Clausen-Schaumann H, Schieker M, Huber R. A Perfusion Bioreactor System for Cell Seeding and Oxygen-Controlled Cultivation of Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 24:585-595. [PMID: 30234443 PMCID: PMC6208160 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioreactor systems facilitate three-dimensional (3D) cell culture by coping with limitations of static cultivation techniques. To allow for the investigation of proper cultivation conditions and the reproducible generation of tissue-engineered grafts, a bioreactor system, which comprises the control of crucial cultivation parameters in independent-operating parallel bioreactors, is beneficial. Furthermore, the use of a bioreactor as an automated cell seeding tool enables even cell distributions on stable scaffolds. In this study, we developed a perfusion microbioreactor system, which enables the cultivation of 3D cell cultures in an oxygen-controlled environment in up to four independent-operating bioreactors. Therefore, perfusion microbioreactors were designed with the help of computer-aided design, and manufactured using the 3D printing technologies stereolithography and fused deposition modeling. A uniform flow distribution in the microbioreactor was shown using a computational fluid dynamics model. For oxygen measurements, microsensors were integrated in the bioreactors to measure the oxygen concentration (OC) in the geometric center of the 3D cell cultures. To control the OC in each bioreactor independently, an automated feedback loop was developed, which adjusts the perfusion velocity according to the oxygen sensor signal. Furthermore, an automated cell seeding protocol was implemented to facilitate the even distribution of cells within a stable scaffold in a reproducible way. As proof of concept, the human mesenchymal stem cell line SCP-1 was seeded on bovine cancellous bone matrix of 1 cm3 and cultivated in the developed microbioreactor system at different oxygen levels. The oxygen control was capable to maintain preset oxygen levels ±0.5% over a cultivation period of several days. Using the automated cell seeding procedure resulted in evenly distributed cells within a stable scaffold. In summary, the developed microbioreactor system enables the cultivation of 3D cell cultures in an automated and thus reproducible way by providing up to four independently operating, oxygen-controlled bioreactors. In combination with the automated cell seeding procedure, the bioreactor system opens up new possibilities to conduct more reproducible experiments to investigate optimal cultivation parameters and to generate tissue-engineering grafts in an oxygen-controlled environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Schmid
- 1 Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), University of Applied Sciences Munich , Munich, Germany .,2 Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich , Munich, Germany .,3 Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Applied Sciences Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha Schwarz
- 1 Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), University of Applied Sciences Munich , Munich, Germany .,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University Munich , Garching, Germany
| | - Robert Meier-Staude
- 3 Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Applied Sciences Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sudhop
- 1 Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), University of Applied Sciences Munich , Munich, Germany .,5 Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- 1 Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), University of Applied Sciences Munich , Munich, Germany .,5 Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schieker
- 2 Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Huber
- 1 Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), University of Applied Sciences Munich , Munich, Germany .,3 Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Applied Sciences Munich , Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cell Colonization Ability of a Commercialized Large Porous Alveolar Scaffold. Appl Bionics Biomech 2018; 2017:8949264. [PMID: 29386882 PMCID: PMC5745715 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8949264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of filling biomaterials or tissue-engineered large bone implant-coupling biocompatible materials and human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells seems to be a promising approach to treat critical-sized bone defects. However, the cellular seeding onto and into large porous scaffolds still remains challenging since this process highly depends on the porous microstructure. Indeed, the cells may mainly colonize the periphery of the scaffold, leaving its volume almost free of cells. In this study, we carry out an in vitro study to analyze the ability of a commercialized scaffold to be in vivo colonized by cells. We investigate the influence of various physical parameters on the seeding efficiency of a perfusion seeding protocol using large manufactured bone substitutes. The present study shows that the velocity of the perfusion fluid and the initial cell density seem to impact the seeding results and to have a negative effect on the cellular viability, whereas the duration of the fluid perfusion and the nature of the flow (steady versus pulsed) did not show any influence on either the fraction of seeded cells or the cellular viability rate. However, the cellular repartition after seeding remains highly heterogeneous.
Collapse
|
11
|
Flow perfusion rate modulates cell deposition onto scaffold substrate during cell seeding. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:675-687. [PMID: 29188392 PMCID: PMC5948308 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of perfusion bioreactors with porous scaffolds is beneficial for the transport of cells during cell seeding. Nonetheless, the fact that cells penetrate into the scaffold pores does not necessarily imply the interception of cells with scaffold substrate and cell attachment. An in vitro perfusion system was built to relate the selected flow rate with seeding efficiency. However, the in vitro model does not elucidate how the flow rate affects the transport and deposition of cells onto the scaffold. Thus, a computational model was developed mimicking in vitro conditions to identify the mechanisms that bring cells to the scaffold from suspension flow. Static and dynamic cell seeding configurations were investigated. In static seeding, cells sediment due to gravity until they encounter the first obstacle. In dynamic seeding, 12, 120 and 600 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\upmu \hbox {l/min}$$\end{document}μl/min flow rates were explored under the presence or the absence of gravity. Gravity and secondary flow were found to be key factors for cell deposition. In vitro and in silico seeding efficiencies are in the same order of magnitude and follow the same trend with the effect of fluid flow; static seeding results in higher efficiency than dynamic perfusion although irregular spatial distribution of cells was found. In dynamic seeding, 120 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\upmu \hbox {l/min}$$\end{document}μl/min provided the best seeding results. Nevertheless, the perfusion approach reports low efficiencies for the scaffold used in this study which leads to cell waste and low density of cells inside the scaffold. This study suggests gravity and secondary flow as the driving mechanisms for cell-scaffold deposition. In addition, the present in silico model can help to optimize hydrodynamic-based seeding strategies prior to experiments and enhance cell seeding efficiency.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ravichandran A, Liu Y, Teoh SH. Review: bioreactor design towards generation of relevant engineered tissues: focus on clinical translation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e7-e22. [PMID: 28374578 DOI: 10.1002/term.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, studies that utilize 3D scaffolds for generating voluminous tissues are mostly confined in the realm of in vitro research and preclinical animal model testing. Bioreactors offer an excellent platform to grow and develop 3D tissues by providing conditions that mimic their native microenvironment. Aligning the bioreactor development process with a focus on patient care will aid in the faster translation of the bioreactor technology to clinics. In this review, we discuss the various factors involved in the design of clinically relevant bioreactors in relation to their respective applications. We explore the functional relevance of tissue grafts generated by bioreactors that have been designed to provide physiologically relevant mechanical cues on the growing tissue. The review discusses the recent trends in non-invasive sensing of the bioreactor culture conditions. It provides an insight to the current technological advancements that enable in situ, non-invasive, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the tissue grafts grown in a bioreactor system. We summarize the emerging trends in commercial bioreactor design followed by a short discussion on the aspects that hamper the 'push' of bioreactor systems into the commercial market as well as 'pull' factors for stakeholders to embrace and adopt widespread utility of bioreactors in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yuchun Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program (Research), National Dental Centre of Singapore, 5 Second Hospital Ave Singapore, 168938, Singapore
| | - Swee-Hin Teoh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hendrikson WJ, Deegan AJ, Yang Y, van Blitterswijk CA, Verdonschot N, Moroni L, Rouwkema J. Influence of Additive Manufactured Scaffold Architecture on the Distribution of Surface Strains and Fluid Flow Shear Stresses and Expected Osteochondral Cell Differentiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:6. [PMID: 28239606 PMCID: PMC5300985 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications should instruct cells with the appropriate signals, including biophysical stimuli such as stress and strain, to form the desired tissue. Apart from that, scaffolds, especially for load-bearing applications, should be capable of providing mechanical stability. Since both scaffold strength and stress–strain distributions throughout the scaffold depend on the scaffold’s internal architecture, it is important to understand how changes in architecture influence these parameters. In this study, four scaffold designs with different architectures were produced using additive manufacturing. The designs varied in fiber orientation, while fiber diameter, spacing, and layer height remained constant. Based on micro-CT (μCT) scans, finite element models (FEMs) were derived for finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). FEA of scaffold compression was validated using μCT scan data of compressed scaffolds. Results of the FEA and CFD showed a significant impact of scaffold architecture on fluid shear stress and mechanical strain distribution. The average fluid shear stress ranged from 3.6 mPa for a 0/90 architecture to 6.8 mPa for a 0/90 offset architecture, and the surface shear strain from 0.0096 for a 0/90 offset architecture to 0.0214 for a 0/90 architecture. This subsequently resulted in variations of the predicted cell differentiation stimulus values on the scaffold surface. Fluid shear stress was mainly influenced by pore shape and size, while mechanical strain distribution depended mainly on the presence or absence of supportive columns in the scaffold architecture. Together, these results corroborate that scaffold architecture can be exploited to design scaffolds with regions that guide specific tissue development under compression and perfusion. In conjunction with optimization of stimulation regimes during bioreactor cultures, scaffold architecture optimization can be used to improve scaffold design for tissue engineering purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim J Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands
| | - Anthony J Deegan
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University , Stoke on Trent , UK
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University , Stoke on Trent , UK
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nico Verdonschot
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Radboud Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tajbakhsh S, Hajiali F. A comprehensive study on the fabrication and properties of biocomposites of poly(lactic acid)/ceramics for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:897-912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Vila OF, Garrido C, Cano I, Guerra-Rebollo M, Navarro M, Meca-Cortés O, Ma SP, Engel E, Rubio N, Blanco J. Real-Time Bioluminescence Imaging of Cell Distribution, Growth, and Differentiation in a Three-Dimensional Scaffold Under Interstitial Perfusion for Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:864-72. [PMID: 27339005 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioreactor systems allow safe and reproducible production of tissue constructs and functional analysis of cell behavior in biomaterials. However, current procedures for the analysis of tissue generated in biomaterials are destructive. We describe a transparent perfusion system that allows real-time bioluminescence imaging of luciferase expressing cells seeded in scaffolds for the study of cell-biomaterial interactions and bioreactor performance. A prototype provided with a poly(lactic) acid scaffold was used for "proof of principle" studies to monitor cell survival in the scaffold (up to 22 days). Moreover, using cells expressing a luciferase reporter under the control of inducible tissue-specific promoters, it was possible to monitor changes in gene expression resulting from hypoxic state and endothelial cell differentiation. This system should be useful in numerous tissue engineering applications, the optimization of bioreactor operation conditions, and the analysis of cell behavior in three-dimensional scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaia F Vila
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Cristina Garrido
- 2 Cell Therapy Group, Catalonian Institute for Advanced Chemistry (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain .,3 Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Cano
- 3 Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain .,4 Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Guerra-Rebollo
- 2 Cell Therapy Group, Catalonian Institute for Advanced Chemistry (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain .,3 Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Melba Navarro
- 3 Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain .,4 Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Meca-Cortés
- 2 Cell Therapy Group, Catalonian Institute for Advanced Chemistry (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain .,3 Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stephen P Ma
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- 3 Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain .,4 Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Rubio
- 2 Cell Therapy Group, Catalonian Institute for Advanced Chemistry (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain .,3 Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Blanco
- 2 Cell Therapy Group, Catalonian Institute for Advanced Chemistry (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain .,3 Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khayyeri H, Barreto S, Lacroix D. Primary cilia mechanics affects cell mechanosensation: A computational study. J Theor Biol 2015; 379:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
17
|
Alrefai MT, Murali D, Paul A, Ridwan KM, Connell JM, Shum-Tim D. Cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration using cell-based therapy. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:81-101. [PMID: 25999743 PMCID: PMC4437607 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s54204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy and tissue engineering represent a forefront of current research in the treatment of heart disease. With these technologies, advancements are being made into therapies for acute ischemic myocardial injury and chronic, otherwise nonreversible, myocardial failure. The current clinical management of cardiac ischemia deals with reestablishing perfusion to the heart but not dealing with the irreversible damage caused by the occlusion or stenosis of the supplying vessels. The applications of these new technologies are not yet fully established as part of the management of cardiac diseases but will become so in the near future. The discussion presented here reviews some of the pioneering works at this new frontier. Key results of allogeneic and autologous stem cell trials are presented, including the use of embryonic, bone marrow-derived, adipose-derived, and resident cardiac stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Alrefai
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Divya Murali
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Arghya Paul
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Khalid M Ridwan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John M Connell
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Costa PF, Martins A, Neves NM, Gomes ME, Reis RL. Automating the processing steps for obtaining bone tissue-engineered substitutes: from imaging tools to bioreactors. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:567-77. [PMID: 24673688 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone diseases and injuries are highly incapacitating and result in a high demand for tissue substitutes with specific biomechanical and structural features. Tissue engineering has already proven to be effective in regenerating bone tissue, but has not yet been able to become an economically viable solution due to the complexity of the tissue, which is very difficult to be replicated, eventually requiring the utilization of highly labor-intensive processes. Process automation is seen as the solution for mass production of cellularized bone tissue substitutes at an affordable cost by being able to reduce human intervention as well as reducing product variability. The combination of tools such as medical imaging, computer-aided fabrication, and bioreactor technologies, which are currently used in tissue engineering, shows the potential to generate automated production ecosystems, which will, in turn, enable the generation of commercially available products with widespread clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Costa
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho , Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xie L, Zhang N, Marsano A, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Zhang Y, Lopez MJ. In vitro mesenchymal trilineage differentiation and extracellular matrix production by adipose and bone marrow derived adult equine multipotent stromal cells on a collagen scaffold. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:858-72. [PMID: 23892935 PMCID: PMC3834181 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Directed differentiation of adult multipotent stromal cells (MSC) is critical for effective treatment strategies. This study was designed to evaluate the capability of equine MSC from bone marrow (BMSC) and adipose tissue (ASC) on a type I collagen (COLI) scaffold to undergo chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and form extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro. Following determination of surface antigen expression, MSC were loaded into scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor and loading efficiency was quantified. Cell-scaffold constructs were assessed after loading and 7, 14 and 21 days of culture in stromal or induction medium. Cell number was determined with DNA content, cell viability and spatial uniformity with confocal laser microscopy and cell phenotype and matrix production with light and scanning electron microscopy and mRNA levels. The MSC were positive for CD29 (>90 %), CD44 (>99 %), and CD105 (>60 %). Loading efficiencies were >70 %. The ASC and BMSC cell numbers on scaffolds were affected by culture in induction medium differently. Viable cells remained uniformly distributed in scaffolds for up to 21 days and could be directed to differentiate or to maintain an MSC phenotype. Micro- and ultrastructure showed lineage-specific cell and ECM changes. Lineage-specific mRNA levels differed between ASC and BMSC with induction and changed with time. Based on these results, equine ASC and BMSC differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages and form ECM similarly on COLI scaffolds. The collected data supports the potential for equine MSC-COLI constructs to support diverse equine tissue formation for controlled biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Various seeding methods for tissue development of human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in 3-dimensional PET matrix. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
21
|
Hong MH, Kim SM, Om JY, Kwon N, Lee YK. Seeding cells on calcium phosphate scaffolds using hydrogel enhanced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:1424-35. [PMID: 24129755 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Internal pores in calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds pose an obstacle in cell seeding efficiency. Previous studies have shown inverse relationships between cell attachment and internal pore size, which mainly resulted from cells flowing to the bottom of culture plates. In order to overcome this structure-based setback, we have designed a method for cell seeding that involves hydrogel. CaP scaffolds fabricated with hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate, and β-tricalcium phosphate, had respective porosities of 77.0, 77.9, and 82.5% and pore diameters of 671.1, 694.7, and 842.8 μm. We seeded the cells on the scaffolds using two methods: the first using osteogenic medium and the second using hydrogel to entrap cells. As expected, cell seeding efficiency of the groups with hydrogel ranged from 92.5 to 96.3%, whereas efficiency of the control groups ranged only from 64.2 to 71.8%. Cell proliferation followed a similar trend, which may have further influenced early stages of cell differentiation. We suggest that our method of cell seeding with hydrogel can impact the field of tissue engineering even further with modifications of the materials or the addition of biological factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dunn DA, Hodge AJ, Lipke EA. Biomimetic materials design for cardiac tissue regeneration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 6:15-39. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao S, Zhao H, Zhang X, Li Y, Du Y. Off-the-shelf microsponge arrays for facile and efficient construction of miniaturized 3D cellular microenvironments for versatile cell-based assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2350-2358. [PMID: 23640113 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50183c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The integration of microfabrication and biomaterials enables construction of miniaturized 3D microenvironments with biomimetic micro-architectural and functional features to advance cell-based assays for mechanism investigation of physio/pathology and for prediction of drug responses. However, current biomaterials-assisted constructions of miniaturized 3D cellular microenvironments usually involve cells in the microfabrication process, limiting their wide application in most biomedical labs, where expertise and facilities are not readily available. Here we tackle this challenge by developing off-the-shelf microsponge arrays as pre-formed micro-patterned templates which can separate the microfabrication steps from the cell-handling steps and miniaturize the cell-based assays. The microsponge arrays with tailored microarchitectures (e.g. micropillar/well arrays or bifurcated vascular network) could be stored and delivered to distant locations as ready-to-use chips. The highly porous and microscale sponges enabled automatic and uniform loading of cellular niche components (cells, matrices and soluble factors) by simply pipetting, making it accessible to any lab with basic cell culture setups. Meanwhile, the chips containing miniaturized 3D cellular microenvironments with versatile micro-architectural designs could be integrated (i.e. by autoloading and sandwiching) to enable novel 3D cell-based assays (e.g. discrete gradient-based cytotoxicity test and horizontal 3D invasion assay) in an efficient and parallel manner. The off-the-shelf platform based on microsponge array is expected to be widely applicable across multiple disciplines in cell biology, cell/tissue engineering and pharmacological science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Olivares AL, Lacroix D. Simulation of cell seeding within a three-dimensional porous scaffold: a fluid-particle analysis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:624-31. [PMID: 22372887 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell seeding is a critical step in tissue engineering. A high number of cells evenly distributed in scaffolds after seeding are associated with a more functional tissue culture. Furthermore, high cell densities have shown the possibility to reduce culture time or increase the formation of tissue. Experimentally, it is difficult to predict the cell-seeding process. In this study, a new methodology to simulate the cell-seeding process under perfusion conditions is proposed. The cells are treated as spherical particles dragged by the fluid media, where the physical parameters are computed through a Lagrangian formulation. The methodology proposed enables to define the kinetics of cell seeding continuously over time. An exponential relationship was found to optimize the seeding time and the number of cells seeded in the scaffold. The cell distribution and cell efficiency predicted using this methodology were similar to the experimental results of Melchels et al. One of the main advantages of this method is to be able to determine the three-dimensional position of all the seeded cells and to, therefore, better know the initial conditions for further cell proliferation and differentiation studies. This study opens up the field of numerical predictions related to the interactions between biomaterials, cells, and dynamics media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy L Olivares
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
A bioreactor is defined as a specifically designed vessel to facilitate the growth of organisms and cells through application of physical and/or electrical stimulus. When cells with therapeutic potential were first discovered, they were initially cultured and expanded in two-dimensional (2-D) culture vessels such as plates or T-flasks. However, it was soon discovered that bioreactors could be used to expand and maintain cultures more easily and efficiently. Since then, bioreactors have come to be accepted as an indispensable tool to advance cell and tissue culture further. A wide array of bioreactors has been developed to date, and in recent years businesses have started supplying bioreactors commercially. Bioreactors in the research arena range from stirred tank bioreactors for suspension culture to those with various mechanical actuators that can apply different fluidic and mechanical stresses to tissues and three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds. As regenerative medicine gains more traction in the clinic, bioreactors for use with cellular therapies are being developed and marketed. While many of the simpler bioreactors are fit for purpose, others fail to satisfy the complex requirements of tissues in culture. We have examined the use of different types of bioreactors in regenerative medicine and evaluated the application of bioreactors in the realization of emerging cellular therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Naing
- Healthcare Engineering Research Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stem Cell Differentiation Depending on Different Surfaces. TISSUE ENGINEERING III: CELL - SURFACE INTERACTIONS FOR TISSUE CULTURE 2011; 126:263-83. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|