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Diez-Escudero A, Torreggiani E, Di Pompo G, Espanol M, Persson C, Ciapetti G, Baldini N, Ginebra MP. Effect of calcium phosphate heparinization on the in vitro inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis of human blood precursor cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1217-1229. [PMID: 31050382 DOI: 10.1002/term.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of natural molecules on synthetic bone grafts stands as a strategy to enhance their biological interactions. During the early stages of healing, immune cells and osteoclasts (OC) modulate the inflammatory response and resorb the biomaterial, respectively. In this study, heparin, a naturally occurring molecule in the bone extracellular matrix, was covalently immobilized on biomimetic calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). The effect of heparin-functionalized CDHA on inflammation and osteoclastogenesis was investigated using primary human cells and compared with pristine CDHA and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Biomimetic substrates led to lower oxidative stresses by neutrophils and monocytes than sintered β-TCP, even though no further reduction was induced by the presence of heparin. In contrast, heparinized CDHA fostered osteoclastogenesis. Optical images of stained TRAP positive cells showed an earlier and higher presence of multinucleated cells, compatible with OC at 14 days, while pristine CDHA and β-TCP present OC at 21-28 days. Although no statistically significant differences were found in the OC activity, microscopy images evidenced early stages of degradation on heparinized CDHA, compatible with osteoclastic resorption. Overall, the results suggest that the functionalization with heparin fostered the formation and activity of OC, thus offering a promising strategy to integrate biomaterials in the bone remodelling cycle by increasing their OC-mediated resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Diez-Escudero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Montserrat Espanol
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Applied Material Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Kucko NW, Li W, García Martinez MA, Rehman IU, Ulset AST, Christensen BE, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Herber RP. Sterilization effects on the handling and degradation properties of calcium phosphate cements containing poly (D,L
-lactic-co-glycolic acid) porogens and carboxymethyl cellulose. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2216-2228. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Kucko
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen The Netherlands
- CAM Bioceramics B.V.; Zernikedreef 6, 2333 CL, Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Marcela A. García Martinez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; The Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield; North Campus, Broad Lane, S3 7HQ, Sheffield UK
| | - Ihtesham ur Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; The Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield; North Campus, Broad Lane, S3 7HQ, Sheffield UK
| | - Ann-Sissel Teialeret Ulset
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Sem Saeland veg 6/8, NO-7491, Trondheim Norway
| | - Bjørn E. Christensen
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Sem Saeland veg 6/8, NO-7491, Trondheim Norway
| | - Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ralf-Peter Herber
- CAM Bioceramics B.V.; Zernikedreef 6, 2333 CL, Leiden The Netherlands
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3
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The Effect of the Thermosensitive Biodegradable PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA Copolymer on the Rheological, Structural and Mechanical Properties of Thixotropic Self-Hardening Tricalcium Phosphate Cement. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020391. [PMID: 30658476 PMCID: PMC6359562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current limitations of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) used in the field of bone regeneration consist of their brittleness, low injectability, disintegration in body fluids and low biodegradability. Moreover, no method is currently available to measure the setting time of CPCs in correlation with the evolution of the setting reaction. The study proposes that it is possible to improve and tune the properties of CPCs via the addition of a thermosensitive, biodegradable, thixotropic copolymer based on poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA) which undergoes gelation under physiological conditions. The setting times of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) mixed with aqueous solutions of PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA determined by means of time-sweep curves revealed a lag phase during the dissolution of the α-TCP particles. The magnitude of the storage modulus at lag phase depends on the liquid to powder ratio, the copolymer concentration and temperature. A sharp increase in the storage modulus was observed at the time of the precipitation of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) crystals, representing the loss of paste workability. The PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA copolymer demonstrates the desired pseudoplastic rheological behaviour with a small decrease in shear stress and the rapid recovery of the viscous state once the shear is removed, thus preventing CPC phase separation and providing good cohesion. Preliminary cytocompatibility tests performed on human mesenchymal stem cells proved the suitability of the novel copolymer/α-TCP for the purposes of mini-invasive surgery.
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4
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Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Formulations. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5975-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Diez-Escudero A, Espanol M, Beats S, Ginebra MP. In vitro degradation of calcium phosphates: Effect of multiscale porosity, textural properties and composition. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:81-92. [PMID: 28739544 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of calcium phosphates to be replaced by bone is tightly linked to their resorbability. However, the relative importance of some textural parameters on their degradation behavior is still unclear. The present study aims to quantify the effect of composition, specific surface area (SSA), and porosity at various length scales (nano-, micro- and macroporosity) on the in vitro degradation of different calcium phosphates. Degradation studies were performed in an acidic medium to mimic the osteoclastic environment. Small degradations were found in samples with interconnected nano- and micropores with sizes below 3µm although they were highly porous (35-65%), with maximum weight loss of 8wt%. Biomimetic calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, with high SSA and low crystallinity, presented the highest degradation rates exceeding even the more soluble β-TCP. A dependence of degradation on SSA was indisputable when porosity and pore sizes were increased. The introduction of additional macroporosity with pore interconnections above 20µm significantly impacted degradation, more markedly in the substrates with high SSA (>15m2/g), whereas in sintered substrates with low SSA (<1m2/g) it resulted just in a linear increase of degradation. Up to 30 % of degradation was registered in biomimetic substrates, compared to 15 % in β-TCP or 8 % in sintered hydroxyapatite. The incorporation of carbonate in calcium deficient hydroxyapatite did not increase its degradation rate. Overall, the study highlights the importance of textural properties, which can modulate or even outweigh the effect of other features such as the solubility of the compounds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The physicochemical features of calcium phosphates are crucial to tune biological events like resorption during bone remodeling. Understanding in vitro resorption can help to predict the in vivo behavior. Besides chemical composition, other parameters such as porosity and specific surface area have a strong influence on resorption. The complexity of isolating the contribution of each parameter lies in the close interrelation between them. In this work, a multiscale study was proposed to discern the extent to which each parameter influences degradation in a variety of calcium phosphates, using an acidic medium to resemble the osteoclastic environment. The results emphasize the importance of textural properties, which can modulate or even outweigh the effect of the intrinsic solubility of the compounds.
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Luo J, Ajaxon I, Ginebra MP, Engqvist H, Persson C. Compressive, diametral tensile and biaxial flexural strength of cutting-edge calcium phosphate cements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:617-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Farbod K, Sariibrahimoglu K, Curci A, Hayrapetyan A, Hakvoort JN, van den Beucken JJ, Iafisco M, Margiotta N, Leeuwenburgh SC. Controlled Release of Chemotherapeutic Platinum–Bisphosphonate Complexes from Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cements. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:788-800. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Farbod
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kemal Sariibrahimoglu
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Curci
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Astghik Hayrapetyan
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N.W. Hakvoort
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J.J.P. van den Beucken
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sander C.G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Hardy JG, Sukhavasi RC, Aguilar D, Villancio-Wolter MK, Mouser DJ, Geissler SA, Nguy L, Chow JK, Kaplan DL, Schmidt CE. Electrical stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells on biomineralized conducting polymers enhances their differentiation towards osteogenic outcomes. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8059-8064. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00714c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue scaffolds allowing the behaviour of the cells that reside on them to be controlled are of particular interest for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Hardy
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Rushi C. Sukhavasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - David Aguilar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | | | - David J. Mouser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Sydney A. Geissler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Lindsey Nguy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Jacqueline K. Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tufts University
- Medford
- USA
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
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9
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Biscaia SI, Viana TF, Almeida HA, Bártolo PJ. Production and Characterisation of PCL/ES Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Sariibrahimoglu K, An J, van Oirschot BAJA, Nijhuis AWG, Eman RM, Alblas J, Wolke JGC, van den Beucken JJJP, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Jansen JA. Tuning the degradation rate of calcium phosphate cements by incorporating mixtures of polylactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres and glucono-delta-lactone microparticles. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2870-82. [PMID: 24819744 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are frequently used as synthetic bone graft materials in view of their excellent osteocompatibility and clinical handling behavior. Hydroxyapatite-forming CPCs, however, degrade at very low rates, thereby limiting complete bone regeneration. The current study has investigated whether degradation of apatite-forming cements can be tuned by incorporating acid-producing slow-resorbing poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) porogens, fast-resorbing glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) porogens, or mixtures thereof. The physicochemical, mechanical, and degradation characteristics of these CPC formulations were systematically analyzed upon soaking in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In parallel, various CPC formulations were implanted intramuscularly and orthotopically on top of the transverse process of goats followed by analysis of the soft tissue response and bone ingrowth after 12 weeks. In vitro degradation of GDL was almost completed after 2 weeks, as evidenced by characterization of the release of gluconic acid, while PLGA-containing CPCs released glycolic acid throughout the entire study (12 weeks), resulting in a decrease in compression strength of CPC. Extensive in vitro degradation of the CPC matrix was observed upon simultaneous incorporation of 30% PLGA-10% GDL. Histomorphometrical evaluation of the intramuscularly implanted samples revealed that all CPCs exhibited degradation, accompanied by an increase in capsule thickness. In the in vivo goat transverse process model, incorporation of 43% PLGA, 30% PLGA-5% GDL, and 30% PLGA-10% GDL in CPC significantly increased bone formation and resulted in higher bone height compared with both 10% GDL and 20% GDL-containing CPC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Sariibrahimoglu
- 1 Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Gallinetti S, Canal C, Ginebra MP, Ferreira J. Development and Characterization of Biphasic Hydroxyapatite/β-TCP Cements. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY. AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 2014; 97:1065-1073. [PMID: 25866411 PMCID: PMC4384943 DOI: 10.1111/jace.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) have relevant properties as synthetic bone grafts, such as tunable resorption, bioactivity, and intrinsic osteoinduction. However, they have some limitations associated to their condition of high-temperature ceramics. In this work self-setting Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Cements (BCPCs) with different HA/β-TCP ratios were obtained from self-setting α-TCP/β-TCP pastes. The strategy used allowed synthesizing BCPCs with modulated composition, compressive strength, and specific surface area. Due to its higher solubility, α-TCP was fully hydrolyzed to a calcium-deficient HA (CDHA), whereas β-TCP remained unreacted and completely embedded in the CDHA matrix. Increasing amounts of the non-reacting β-TCP phase resulted in a linear decrease of the compressive strength, in association to the decreasing amount of precipitated HA crystals, which are responsible for the mechanical consolidation of apatitic cements. Ca2+ release and degradation in acidic medium was similar in all the BCPCs within the timeframe studied, although differences might be expected in longer term studies once β-TCP, the more soluble phase was exposed to the surrounding media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gallinetti
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC)Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Research in Nanoengineering (CRnE), UPCBarcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Cristina Canal
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC)Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Research in Nanoengineering (CRnE), UPCBarcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC)Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Research in Nanoengineering (CRnE), UPCBarcelona, 08028, Spain
- † Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail:
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Dorozhkin SV. Self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:209-311. [PMID: 24956191 PMCID: PMC4030932 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.
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13
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Félix Lanao RP, Sariibrahimoglu K, Wang H, Wolke JGC, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Accelerated calcium phosphate cement degradation due to incorporation of glucono-delta-lactone microparticles. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:378-88. [PMID: 24041246 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are frequently used for filling of bone defects due to their excellent osteocompatibility. Their poor degradability, however, limits complete regeneration of bone defects. Organic additives that produce acid by-products are particularly attractive to create macroporosity in situ since CPC degrade by acid dissolution. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) can be used as acid-producing microparticles for incorporation into CPC without compromising its osteocompatibility. Characterization studies confirmed that CPCs containing either low or high amounts of GDL were injectable and self-setting, while a considerable amount of porosity was formed already within 1 day of incubation in phosphate buffered saline due to dissolution of GDL. Histomorphometrical evaluation after 2 weeks of implantation revealed that CPC containing 10% of GDL degraded faster and was replaced by more bone tissue than CPCs containing either Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or gelatin microspheres. Summarizing, the current study showed that CPCs containing appropriate amounts of GDL display accelerated degradation and new bone formation compared with CPCs containing microparticles made of conventional polymers such as PLGA or gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa P Félix Lanao
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Sariibrahimoglu K, Wolke JGC, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Yubao L, Jansen JA. Injectable biphasic calcium phosphate cements as a potential bone substitute. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:415-22. [PMID: 24106108 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Apatitic calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been widely used as bone grafts due to their excellent osteoconductive properties, but the degradation properties are insufficient to stimulate bone healing in large bone defects. A novel approach to overcome the lack of degradability of apatitic CPC involves the development of biphasic CPCs (BCPC) based on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in both α- and β-polymorphs. The aim of the current study was to prepare and analyze the physicochemical properties of BCPCs based on dual phase α/β-TCP as obtained by heat treatment of pure α-TCP. The handling and mechanical characteristics of the samples as well as the degradation behavior under in vitro condition were investigated and compared with a standard monophasic α-TCP-based CPC. The results showed that different heat treatments of commercially available α-TCP allowed the formation of biphasic calcium phosphate powder with a variety of α/β-TCP ratios. The use of biphasic powder particles as a reactant for CPCs resulted into increased setting and injectability times of the final BCPCs. During hardening of the cements, the amount of apatite formation decreased with increasing β-TCP content in the biphasic precursor powders. The morphology of the monophasic CPC consisted of plate-like crystals, whereas needle-like crystals were observed for BCPCs. In vitro degradation tests demonstrated that dissolution rate and corresponding calcium release from the set cements increased considerably with increasing β-TCP content, suggesting that apatitic CPCs can be rendered degradable by using biphasic α/β-TCP as powder precursor phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Sariibrahimoglu
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Wang H, Boerman OC, Sariibrahimoglu K, Li Y, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Comparison of micro- vs. nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels for sustained delivery of osteogenic proteins: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and alkaline phosphatase. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8695-703. [PMID: 22922022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gels have recently emerged as a promising new class of materials for regenerative medicine by employing micro- and nanospheres as building blocks to assemble into integral scaffolds. To this end, physically crosslinked particulate networks are formed that are injectable yet cohesive. By varying the physicochemical properties of different particle populations, the suitability of colloidal gels for programmed delivery of multiple therapeutic proteins is superior over conventional monolithic gels that lack this strong capacity for controlled drug release. Colloidal gels made of biodegradable polymer micro- or nanospheres have been widely investigated over the past few years, but a direct comparison between micro- vs. nanostructured colloidal gels has not been made yet. Therefore, the current study has compared the viscoelastic properties and capacity for drug release of colloidal gels made of oppositely charged gelatin microspheres vs. nanospheres. Viscoelastic properties of the colloidal gelatin gels were characterized by rheology and simple injectability tests, and in vitro release of two selected osteogenic proteins (i.e. bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) from the colloidal gelatin gels was evaluated using radiolabeled BMP-2 and ALP. Nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels displayed superior viscoelastic properties over microsphere-based gels in terms of elasticity, injectability, structural integrity, and self-healing behavior upon severe network destruction. In contrast, microstructured colloidal gelatin gels exhibited poor gel strength and integrity, unfavorable injectability, and did not recover after shearing, resulting from the poor gel cohesion due to insufficiently strong interparticle forces. Regarding the capacity for drug delivery, sustained growth factor (BMP-2) release was obtained for both micro- and nanosphere-based gels, the kinetics of which were mainly depending on the particle size of gelatin spheres with the same crosslinking density. Therefore, the optimal gelatin carrier for drug delivery in terms of particle size and crosslinking density still needs to be established for specific clinical indications that require either short-term or long-term release. It can be concluded that nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels show great potential for sustained delivery of therapeutic proteins, whereas microstructured colloidal gelatin gels are not sufficiently cohesive as injectables for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Non-glycosylated BMP-2 can induce ectopic bone formation at lower concentrations compared to glycosylated BMP-2. J Control Release 2012; 159:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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