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Mellor NG, Cheung SA, Michaux P, Firth J, Graham ES, Day BW, Unsworth CP. Patterning Networks of Grade IV Glioblastoma on Silicon Chip . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083627 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive high-grade brain cancer with a median survival time of <15 months. Due to GBMs fast and infiltrative growth patient prognosis is poor with recurrence after treatment common. Investigating GBMs ability to communicate, specifically via Ca2+ signaling, within its functional tumour networks may unlock new therapeutics to reduce the rapid infiltration and growth which currently makes treatment ineffective. This work aims to produce patterned networks of GBM cells such that the Ca2+ communication at a network level can be repeatedly and reliably investigated.
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Baudequin T, Naudot M, Dupont S, Testelin S, Devauchelle B, Bedoui F, Marolleau JP, Legallais C. Donor variability alters differentiation and mechanical cohesion of tissue-engineered constructs with human endothelial/MSC co-culture. Int J Artif Organs 2021; 44:868-879. [PMID: 34643146 DOI: 10.1177/03913988211051758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To move towards clinical applications, tissue engineering (TE) should be validated with human primary cells and offer easy connection to the native vascularisation. Based on a sheet-like bone substitute developed previously, we investigated a mesenchymal stem cells/endothelial cells (MSCs/ECs) coculture to enhance pre-vascularisation. Using MSCs from six independent donors whose differentiation potential was assessed towards two lineages, we focused on donor variability and cell crosstalk regarding bone differentiation. Coculture was performed on calcium phosphate granules in a specific chamber during 1 month. MSCs were seeded first then ECs were added after 2 weeks, with respective monocultures as control groups. Cell viability and organisation (fluorescence, electronic microscopy), differentiation (ALP staining/activity, RT-qPCR) and mechanical cohesion were analysed. Adaptation of the protocol to coculture was validated (high cell viability and proliferation). Activity and differentiation showed strong trends towards synergistic effects between cell types. MSCs reached early mineralisation stage of maturation. The delayed addition of ECs allowed for their attachment on developed MSCs' matrix. The main impact of donor variability could be here the lack of cell proliferation potential with some donors, leading to low differentiation and mechanical cohesion and therefore absence of sheet-like shape successfully obtained with others. We suggest therefore adapting protocols to cell proliferation potentials from one batch of cells to the other in a patient-specific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Baudequin
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu , Compiègne Cedex
| | - Marie Naudot
- Normal and Pathological Lymphocytes and Cancer, EA4666, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Sébastien Dupont
- Normal and Pathological Lymphocytes and Cancer, EA4666, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,UMR 1148, Inserm-Paris7 - Denis Diderot University, Xavier Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Testelin
- Service de Chirurgie maxillo-faciale, CHU Amiens Picardie Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Bernard Devauchelle
- Service de Chirurgie maxillo-faciale, CHU Amiens Picardie Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Fahmi Bedoui
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Roberval (Mechanics energy and electricity), Centre de recherche Royallieu, Compiègne Cedex
| | - Jean-Pierre Marolleau
- Normal and Pathological Lymphocytes and Cancer, EA4666, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu , Compiègne Cedex
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Mian SY, Honey JR, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Barone DG. Large Animal Studies to Reduce the Foreign Body Reaction in Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:275. [PMID: 34436077 PMCID: PMC8392711 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are reliant on the interface between electrodes and neurons to function. The foreign body reaction (FBR) that occurs in response to electrodes in the brain alters this interface and may pollute detected signals, ultimately impeding BCI function. The size of the FBR is influenced by several key factors explored in this review; namely, (a) the size of the animal tested, (b) anatomical location of the BCI, (c) the electrode morphology and coating, (d) the mechanics of electrode insertion, and (e) pharmacological modification (e.g., drug eluting electrodes). Trialing methods to reduce FBR in vivo, particularly in large models, is important to enable further translation in humans, and we systematically reviewed the literature to this effect. The OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Scholar databases were searched. Compiled results were analysed qualitatively. Out of 8388 yielded articles, 13 were included for analysis, with most excluded studies experimenting on murine models. Cats, rabbits, and a variety of breeds of minipig/marmoset were trialed. On average, over 30% reduction in inflammatory cells of FBR on post mortem histology was noted across intervention groups. Similar strategies to those used in rodent models, including tip modification and flexible and sinusoidal electrode configurations, all produced good effects in histology; however, a notable absence of trials examining the effect on BCI end-function was noted. Future studies should assess whether the reduction in FBR correlates to an improvement in the functional effect of the intended BCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yasin Mian
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Jonathan Roy Honey
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK;
| | | | - Damiano Giuseppe Barone
- Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK;
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Raos BJ, Simpson MC, Doyle CS, Graham ES, Unsworth CP. Evaluation of parylene derivatives for use as biomaterials for human astrocyte cell patterning. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218850. [PMID: 31237927 PMCID: PMC6592558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell patterning is becoming increasingly popular in neuroscience because it allows for the control in the location and connectivity of cells. A recently developed cell patterning technology uses patterns of an organic polymer, parylene-C, on a background of SiO2. When cells are cultured on the parylene-C/SiO2 substrate they conform to the underlying parylene-C geometry. Parylene-C is, however, just one member of a family of parylene polymers that have varying chemical and physical properties. In this work, we investigate whether two commercially available mainstream parylene derivatives, parylene-D, parylene-N and a more recent parylene derivative, parylene-HT to determine if they enable higher fidelity hNT astrocyte cell patterning compared to parylene-C. We demonstrate that all parylene derivatives are compatible with the existing laser fabrication method. We then demonstrate that parylene-HT, parylene-D and parylene-N are suitable for use as an hNT astrocyte cell attractive substrate and result in an equal quality of patterning compared to parylene-C. This work supports the use of alternative parylene derivatives for applications where their different physical and chemical properties are more suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J. Raos
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Cather Simpson
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
- The Dodd Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Colin S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E. Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles P. Unsworth
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
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Casanova A, Blatche MC, Ferre CA, Martin H, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Nicu L, Larrieu G. Self-Aligned Functionalization Approach to Order Neuronal Networks at the Single-Cell Level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6612-6620. [PMID: 29754481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress, our knowledge of the functioning of the central nervous system still remains scarce to date. A better understanding of its behavior, in either normal or diseased conditions, goes through an increased knowledge of basic mechanisms involved in neuronal function, including at the single-cell level. This has motivated significant efforts for the development of miniaturized sensing devices to monitor neuronal activity with high spatial and signal resolution. One of the main challenges remaining to be addressed in this domain is, however, the ability to create in vitro spatially ordered neuronal networks at low density with a precise control of the cell location to ensure proper monitoring of the activity of a defined set of neurons. Here, we present a novel self-aligned chemical functionalization method, based on a repellant surface with patterned attractive areas, which permits the elaboration of low-density neuronal network down to individual cells with a high control of the soma location and axonal growth. This approach is compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor line technology at a wafer scale and allows performing the cell culture on packaged chip outside microelectronics facilities. Rat cortical neurons were cultured on such patterned surfaces for over one month and displayed a very high degree of organization in large networks. Indeed, more than 90% of the network nodes were settled by a soma and 100% of the connecting lines were occupied by a neurite, with a very good selectivity (low parasitic cell connections). After optimization, networks composed of 75% of unicellular nodes were obtained, together with a control at the micron scale of the location of the somas. Finally, we demonstrated that the dendritic neuronal growth was guided by the surface functionalization, even when micrometer scale topologies were encountered and we succeeded to control the extension growth along one-dimensional-aligned nanostructures with sub-micrometrical scale precision. This novel approach now opens the way for precise monitoring of neuronal network activity at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Casanova
- LAAS-CNRS , Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31031 , France
| | | | - Cécile A Ferre
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse 31024 , France
| | - Hélène Martin
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse 31024 , France
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse 31024 , France
| | - Liviu Nicu
- LAAS-CNRS , Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31031 , France
| | - Guilhem Larrieu
- LAAS-CNRS , Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31031 , France
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Baudequin T, Tabrizian M. Multilineage Constructs for Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering: A Review of Tissue-Specific Challenges. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29193897 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the regeneration of tissue in interfacial regions, where biological, physical, and chemical attributes vary across tissue type. The simultaneous use of distinct cell lineages can help in developing in vitro structures, analogous to native composite tissues. This literature review gathers the recent reports that have investigated multiple cell types of various sources and lineages in a coculture system for tissue-engineered constructs. Such studies aim at mimicking the native organization of tissues and their interfaces, and/or to improve the development of complex tissue substitutes. This paper thus distinguishes itself from those focusing on technical aspects of coculturing for a single specific tissue. The first part of this review is dedicated to variables of cocultured tissue engineering such as scaffold, cells, and in vitro culture environment. Next, tissue-specific coculture methods and approaches are covered for the most studied tissues. Finally, cross-analysis is performed to highlight emerging trends in coculture principles and to discuss how tissue-specific challenges can inspire new approaches for regeneration of different interfaces to improve the outcomes of various tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Baudequin
- Faculty of Medicine; Biomat'X Laboratory; Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; 740 ave. Dr. Penfield, Room 4300 Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Québec Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Faculty of Medicine; Biomat'X Laboratory; Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; 740 ave. Dr. Penfield, Room 4300 Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Québec Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; 3775 rue University, Room 313/308B Montréal QC H3A 2B4 Québec Canada
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Shah RR, Cholewa-Waclaw J, Davies FCJ, Paton KM, Chaligne R, Heard E, Abbott CM, Bird AP. Efficient and versatile CRISPR engineering of human neurons in culture to model neurological disorders. Wellcome Open Res 2016; 1:13. [PMID: 27976757 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of multiple new genetic causes of neurological disorders highlights the need for model systems that give experimental access to the underlying biology. In particular, the ability to couple disease-causing mutations with human neuronal differentiation systems would be beneficial. Gene targeting is a well-known approach for dissecting gene function, but low rates of homologous recombination in somatic cells (including neuronal cells) have traditionally impeded the development of robust cellular models of neurological disorders. Recently, however, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technologies have expanded the number of systems within which gene targeting is possible. Here we adopt as a model system LUHMES cells, a commercially available diploid human female mesencephalic cell line that differentiates into homogeneous mature neurons in 1-2 weeks. We describe optimised methods for transfection and selection of neuronal progenitor cells carrying targeted genomic alterations using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. By targeting the endogenous X-linked MECP2 locus, we introduced four independent missense mutations that cause the autism spectrum disorder Rett syndrome and observed the desired genetic structure in 3-26% of selected clones, including gene targeting of the inactive X chromosome. Similar efficiencies were achieved by introducing neurodevelopmental disorder-causing mutations at the autosomal EEF1A2 locus on chromosome 20. Our results indicate that efficiency of genetic "knock-in" is determined by the location of the mutation within the donor DNA molecule. Furthermore, we successfully introduced an mCherry tag at the MECP2 locus to yield a fusion protein, demonstrating that larger insertions are also straightforward in this system. We suggest that our optimised methods for altering the genome of LUHMES cells make them an attractive model for the study of neurogenetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R Shah
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Faith C J Davies
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katie M Paton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ronan Chaligne
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3215, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U934, Paris, France
| | - Edith Heard
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3215, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U934, Paris, France
| | - Catherine M Abbott
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adrian P Bird
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Hughes MA. Insinuating electronics in the brain. Surgeon 2016; 14:213-8. [PMID: 27072790 PMCID: PMC5122671 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is an expanding interface between electronic engineering and neurosurgery. Rapid advances in microelectronics and materials science, driven largely by consumer demand, are inspiring and accelerating development of a new generation of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prosthetic devices for implantation in the nervous system. This paper reviews some of the basic science underpinning their development and outlines some opportunities and challenges for their use in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hughes
- Clinical Lecturer and Specialist Trainee in Neurosurgery, University of Edinburgh Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
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Hughes MA, Shipston MJ, Murray AF. Towards a 'siliconeural computer': technological successes and challenges. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:rsta.2014.0217. [PMID: 26078350 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electronic signals govern the function of both nervous systems and computers, albeit in different ways. As such, hybridizing both systems to create an iono-electric brain-computer interface is a realistic goal; and one that promises exciting advances in both heterotic computing and neuroprosthetics capable of circumventing devastating neuropathology. 'Neural networks' were, in the 1980s, viewed naively as a potential panacea for all computational problems that did not fit well with conventional computing. The field bifurcated during the 1990s into a highly successful and much more realistic machine learning community and an equally pragmatic, biologically oriented 'neuromorphic computing' community. Algorithms found in nature that use the non-synchronous, spiking nature of neuronal signals have been found to be (i) implementable efficiently in silicon and (ii) computationally useful. As a result, interest has grown in techniques that could create mixed 'siliconeural' computers. Here, we discuss potential approaches and focus on one particular platform using parylene-patterned silicon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hughes
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mike J Shipston
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XDUK
| | - Alan F Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
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