1
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Ashcraft M, Garren M, Lautner-Csorba O, Pinon V, Wu Y, Crowley D, Hill J, Morales Y, Bartlett R, Brisbois EJ, Handa H. Surface Engineering for Endothelium-Mimicking Functions to Combat Infection and Thrombosis in Extracorporeal Life Support Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400492. [PMID: 38924661 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Blood-contacting medical devices routinely fail from the cascading effects of biofouling toward infection and thrombosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is an integral part of endothelial homeostasis, maintaining platelet quiescence and facilitating oxidative/nitrosative stress against pathogens. Recently, it is shown that the surface evolution of NO can mediate cell-surface interactions. However, this technique alone cannot prevent the biofouling inherent in device failure with dynamic blood-contacting applications. This work proposes an endothelium-mimicking surface design pairing controlled NO release with an inherently antifouling polyethylene glycol interface (NO+PEG). This simple, robust, and scalable platform develops surface-localized NO availability with surface hydration, leading to a significant reduction in protein adsorption as well as bacteria/platelet adhesion. Further in vivo thrombogenicity studies show a decrease in thrombus formation on NO+PEG interfaces, with preservation of circulating platelet and white blood cell counts, maintenance of activated clotting time, and reduced coagulation cascade activation. It is anticipated that this bio-inspired surface design will enable a facile alternative to existing surface technologies to address clinical manifestations of infection and thrombosis in dynamic blood-contacting environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Ashcraft
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Mark Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Orsolya Lautner-Csorba
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Vicente Pinon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Dagney Crowley
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Joseph Hill
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Yeniselis Morales
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Robert Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
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2
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Li J, Bi L, Musolino SF, Wulff JE, Sask KN. Functionalization of Polydimethylsiloxane with Diazirine-Based Linkers for Covalent Protein Immobilization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1-16. [PMID: 38149968 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecule attachment to solid supports is critical for biomedical devices, such as biosensors and implants. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is commonly used for these applications due to its advantageous properties. To enhance the biomolecule immobilization on PDMS, a novel technique is demonstrated using newly synthesized diazirine molecules for the surface modification of PDMS. This nondestructive process involves a reaction between diazirine molecules and PDMS through C-H insertion with thermal or ultraviolet activation. The success of the PDMS modification is confirmed by various surface characterization techniques. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are strongly attached to the modified PDMS surfaces, and the amount of protein is quantified using iodine-125 radiolabeling. The results demonstrate that PDMS is rapidly functionalized, and the stability of the immobilized proteins is significantly improved with multiple types of diazirine molecules and activation methods. Confocal microscopy provides three-dimensional images of the distribution of immobilized IgG on the surfaces and the penetration of diazirine-based linkers through the PDMS substrate during the coating process. Overall, this study presents a promising new approach for functionalizing PDMS surfaces to enhance biomolecule immobilization, and its potential applications can extend to multimaterial modifications for various diagnostic and medical applications such as microfluidic devices and immunoassays with relevant bioactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L2, Canada
| | - Liting Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Stefania F Musolino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Jeremy E Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Kyla N Sask
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L2, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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3
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Li J, Barlow LN, Sask KN. Enhancement of protein immobilization on polydimethylsiloxane using a synergistic combination of polydopamine and micropattern surface modification. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2376-2399. [PMID: 37609691 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2248799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein interactions at biointerfaces is critical for the improved design of biomaterials and medical devices. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used for numerous device applications, and surface modifications can enhance protein immobilization and the response to cells. A multifunctional approach combining topographical and biochemical modifications was applied to PDMS by fabricating 10-20 µm scale patterns onto PDMS surfaces and by coating with polydopamine (PDA). The modifications were confirmed by surface characterization and bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen (Fg), and fetuin-A (Fet-A) were radiolabeled with 125I. The amounts of protein attached to the surface before and after elution with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were quantified from single and complex multi-protein solutions to determine protein stability and competitive binding. The PDA coatings were the most stable and capable of immobilizing the highest levels of all proteins. Furthermore, combinations of PDA coatings with the smallest micropatterns provided an additional improvement, enhancing the amount immobilized and the stability. The adsorption of BSA and Fg from plasma demonstrated competitive binding and possible orientation changes, respectively. It was determined that Fet-A, a less studied protein, adsorbed from plasma at low levels, but the adsorption from fetal bovine serum (FBS) was significantly greater, providing important quantification data from radiolabeling that is relevant to many cell culture studies. Overall, combining topography and PDA modification has a synergistic effect on improving protein immobilization. These findings provide new insight on the quantities of proteins bound to PDMS and PDA coatings with implications for cell interactions in various biotechnology and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah N Barlow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyla N Sask
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Valtin J, Behrens S, Ruland A, Schmieder F, Sonntag F, Renner LD, Maitz MF, Werner C. A New In Vitro Blood Flow Model for the Realistic Evaluation of Antimicrobial Surfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301300. [PMID: 37498721 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Device-associated bloodstream infections can cause serious medical problems and cost-intensive postinfection management, defining a need for more effective antimicrobial coatings. Newly developed coatings often show reduced bacterial colonization and high hemocompatibility in established in vitro tests, but fail in animal studies or clinical trials. The poor predictive power of these models is attributed to inadequate representation of in vivo conditions. Herein, a new single-pass blood flow model, with simultaneous incubation of the test surface with bacteria and freshly-drawn human blood, is presented. The flow model is validated by comparative analysis of a recently developed set of antiadhesive and contact-killing polymer coatings, and the corresponding uncoated polycarbonate surfaces. The results confirm the model's ability to differentiate the antimicrobial activities of the studied surfaces. Blood activation data correlate with bacterial surface coverage: low bacterial adhesion is associated with low inflammation and hemostasis. Shear stress correlates inversely with bacterial colonization, especially on antiadhesive surfaces. The introduced model is concluded to enable the evaluation of novel antimicrobial materials under in vivo-like conditions, capturing interactions between bacteria and biomaterials surfaces in the presence of key components of the ex vivo host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Valtin
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Behrens
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Ruland
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Schmieder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Sonntag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars D Renner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Li J, Barlow LN, Martinez Santos M, Sask KN. Polydopamine modification of polydimethylsiloxane for multifunctional biomaterials: Immobilization and stability of albumin and fetuin-A on modified surfaces. Biointerphases 2023; 18:061004. [PMID: 38085011 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can be modified to immobilize proteins; however, most existing approaches are limited to complex reactions and achieving multifunctional modifications is challenging. This work applies a simple technique to modify PDMS using polydopamine (PDA) and investigates immobilization of multiple proteins. The surfaces were characterized in detail and stability was assessed, demonstrating that in a buffer solution, PDA modification was maintained without an effect on surface properties. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine fetuin-A (Fet-A) were used as model biomolecules for simultaneous or sequential immobilization and to understand their use for surface backfilling and functionalization. Based on 125I radiolabeling, amounts of BSA and Fet-A on PDA were determined to be close to double that were obtained on control PDMS surfaces. Following elution with sodium dodecyl sulfate, around 67% of BSA and 63% of Fet-A were retained on the surface. The amount of immobilized protein was influenced by the process (simultaneous or sequential) and surface affinity of the proteins. With simultaneous modification, a balanced level of both proteins could be achieved, whereas with the sequential process, the initially immobilized protein was more strongly attached. After incubation with plasma and fetal bovine serum, the PDA-modified surfaces maintained over 90% of the proteins immobilized. This demonstrates that the biological environments also play an important role in the binding and stability of conjugated proteins. This combination of PDA and surface immobilization methods provides fundamental knowledge for tailoring multifunctional PDMS-based biomaterials with applications in cell-material interactions, biosensing, and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Leah N Barlow
- Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Miguel Martinez Santos
- Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kyla N Sask
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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6
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Raj M K, Priyadarshani J, Karan P, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty S. Bio-inspired microfluidics: A review. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051503. [PMID: 37781135 PMCID: PMC10539033 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomicrofluidics, a subdomain of microfluidics, has been inspired by several ideas from nature. However, while the basic inspiration for the same may be drawn from the living world, the translation of all relevant essential functionalities to an artificially engineered framework does not remain trivial. Here, we review the recent progress in bio-inspired microfluidic systems via harnessing the integration of experimental and simulation tools delving into the interface of engineering and biology. Development of "on-chip" technologies as well as their multifarious applications is subsequently discussed, accompanying the relevant advancements in materials and fabrication technology. Pointers toward new directions in research, including an amalgamated fusion of data-driven modeling (such as artificial intelligence and machine learning) and physics-based paradigm, to come up with a human physiological replica on a synthetic bio-chip with due accounting of personalized features, are suggested. These are likely to facilitate physiologically replicating disease modeling on an artificially engineered biochip as well as advance drug development and screening in an expedited route with the minimization of animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Raj M
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jyotsana Priyadarshani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section (BMe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pratyaksh Karan
- Géosciences Rennes Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Saumyadwip Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Soumya Bhattacharya
- Achira Labs Private Limited, 66b, 13th Cross Rd., Dollar Layout, 3–Phase, JP Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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7
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Newman G, Leclerc A, Arditi W, Calzuola ST, Feaugas T, Roy E, Perrault CM, Porrini C, Bechelany M. Challenge of material haemocompatibility for microfluidic blood-contacting applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1249753. [PMID: 37662438 PMCID: PMC10469978 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1249753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological applications of microfluidics technology is beginning to expand beyond the original focus of diagnostics, analytics and organ-on-chip devices. There is a growing interest in the development of microfluidic devices for therapeutic treatments, such as extra-corporeal haemodialysis and oxygenation. However, the great potential in this area comes with great challenges. Haemocompatibility of materials has long been a concern for blood-contacting medical devices, and microfluidic devices are no exception. The small channel size, high surface area to volume ratio and dynamic conditions integral to microchannels contribute to the blood-material interactions. This review will begin by describing features of microfluidic technology with a focus on blood-contacting applications. Material haemocompatibility will be discussed in the context of interactions with blood components, from the initial absorption of plasma proteins to the activation of cells and factors, and the contribution of these interactions to the coagulation cascade and thrombogenesis. Reference will be made to the testing requirements for medical devices in contact with blood, set out by International Standards in ISO 10993-4. Finally, we will review the techniques for improving microfluidic channel haemocompatibility through material surface modifications-including bioactive and biopassive coatings-and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenyth Newman
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Leclerc
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
- École Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - William Arditi
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- Centrale Supélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Silvia Tea Calzuola
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- UMR7648—LadHyx, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Thomas Feaugas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
- Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Xu X, Chan CHH, Peng H, Hill DJT, Fu C, Fraser J, Whittaker AK. Anti-Fouling Surfaces for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation by Surface Grafting of Hydrophilic Sulfoxide Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4318-4326. [PMID: 36048616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-thrombogenic surfaces for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) devices are important to increase their duration of usage and to enable long-term life support. However, the contact of blood with the hydrophobic synthetic ECMO membrane materials such as poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) can activate the coagulation cascade, causing thrombosis and a series of consequent complications during ECMO operation. Targeting this problem, we proposed to graft highly hydrophilic sulfoxide polymer brushes onto the PMP surfaces via gamma ray irradiation-initiated polymerization to improve the hemocompatibility of the membrane. Through this chemical modification, the surface of the PMP film is altered from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The extent of plasma protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, the prerequisite mediators of the coagulation cascade and thrombus formation, are drastically reduced compared with those of the unmodified PMP film. Therefore, the method provides a facile approach to modify PMP materials with excellent antifouling properties and improved hemocompatibility demanded by the applications in ECMO and other blood-contacting medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Meili Zhang
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Queensland, Australia.,School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xin Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chris H H Chan
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Queensland, Australia.,School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J T Hill
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Changkui Fu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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9
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Wang T, Ugurlu H, Yan Y, Li M, Li M, Wild AM, Yildiz E, Schneider M, Sheehan D, Hu W, Sitti M. Adaptive wireless millirobotic locomotion into distal vasculature. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4465. [PMID: 35915075 PMCID: PMC9343456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcatheters have enabled diverse minimally invasive endovascular operations and notable health benefits compared with open surgeries. However, with tortuous routes far from the arterial puncture site, the distal vascular regions remain challenging for safe catheter access. Therefore, we propose a wireless stent-shaped magnetic soft robot to be deployed, actively navigated, used for medical functions, and retrieved in the example M4 segment of the middle cerebral artery. We investigate shape-adaptively controlled locomotion in phantoms emulating the physiological conditions here, where the lumen diameter shrinks from 1.5 mm to 1 mm, the radius of curvature of the tortuous lumen gets as small as 3 mm, the lumen bifurcation angle goes up to 120°, and the pulsatile flow speed reaches up to 26 cm/s. The robot can also withstand the flow when the magnetic actuation is turned off. These locomotion capabilities are confirmed in porcine arteries ex vivo. Furthermore, variants of the robot could release the tissue plasminogen activator on-demand locally for thrombolysis and function as flow diverters, initiating promising therapies towards acute ischemic stroke, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, dural arteriovenous fistulas, and brain tumors. These functions should facilitate the robot's usage in new distal endovascular operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Wang
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Halim Ugurlu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysics, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 09010, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Yingbo Yan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mingtong Li
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Wild
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Erdost Yildiz
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martina Schneider
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Devin Sheehan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
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10
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Ma LJ, Akor EA, Thompson AJ, Potkay JA. A Parametric Analysis of Capillary Height in Single-Layer, Small-Scale Microfluidic Artificial Lungs. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:822. [PMID: 35744436 PMCID: PMC9229210 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic artificial lungs (μALs) are being investigated for their ability to closely mimic the size scale and cellular environment of natural lungs. Researchers have developed μALs with small artificial capillary diameters (10-50 µm; to increase gas exchange efficiency) and with large capillary diameters (~100 µm; to simplify design and construction). However, no study has directly investigated the impact of capillary height on μAL properties. Here, we use Murray's law and the Hagen-Poiseuille equation to design single-layer, small-scale μALs with capillary heights between 10 and 100 µm. Each µAL contained two blood channel types: capillaries for gas exchange; and distribution channels for delivering blood to/from capillaries. Three designs with capillary heights of 30, 60, and 100 µm were chosen for further modeling, implementation and testing with blood. Flow simulations were used to validate and ensure equal pressures. Designs were fabricated using soft lithography. Gas exchange and pressure drop were tested using whole bovine blood. All three designs exhibited similar pressure drops and gas exchange; however, the μAL with 60 µm tall capillaries had a significantly higher wall shear rate (although physiologic), smaller priming volume and smaller total blood contacting surface area than the 30 and 100 µm designs. Future μAL designs may need to consider the impact of capillary height when optimizing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J. Ma
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.A.A.); (A.J.T.)
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emmanuel A. Akor
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.A.A.); (A.J.T.)
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alex J. Thompson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.A.A.); (A.J.T.)
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph A. Potkay
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.A.A.); (A.J.T.)
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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Hong Q, Zhou H, Cheng Y, Yang M, Zhang Q, Liu S, Xiong Q, Pan C. Synthesis of Star 6-Arm Polyethylene Glycol-Heparin Copolymer to Construct Anticorrosive and Biocompatible Coating on Magnesium Alloy Surface. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:853487. [PMID: 35223805 PMCID: PMC8865805 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.853487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloy has become a research hotspot of the degradable vascular stent materials due to its biodegradability and excellent mechanical properties. However, its rapid degradation rate after implantation and the limited biocompatibility restrict its application in clinic. Constructing a multifunctional bioactive polymer coating on the magnesium alloys represents one of the popular and effective approaches to simultaneously improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In the present study, the copolymer of 6-arm polyethylene glycol and heparin (PEG-Hep) was successfully synthesized and then immobilized on the surface of chitosan (Chi)-modified magnesium alloy surface through electrostatic interaction to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The results of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy showed that a dense and compact coating was created on the magnesium alloy surface. The coating displayed excellent hydrophilicity. At the same time, the as-prepared coating can significantly not only improve the corrosion potential, reduce the corrosion current and the pH changes of the immersion solution, but also keep a relatively intact surface morphology after immersing in simulated body fluid solution for 14 days, demonstrating that the coating can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy. Moreover, the magnesium alloy with PEG-Hep coating exhibited excellent hemocompatibility according to the results of the hemolysis rate and platelet adhesion and activation. In addition, the modified magnesium alloy had a good ability to promote the endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation. Therefore, the PEG-Hep multifunctional coating can be applied in the surface modification of the biodegradable magnesium alloy stent to simultaneously improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Hong
- Faculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Advanced Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Hualan Zhou
- The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Faculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Advanced Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Minhui Yang
- Faculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Advanced Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Faculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Advanced Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Faculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Advanced Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Changjiang Pan
- Faculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Advanced Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Changjiang Pan,
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12
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Zhang M, Pauls JP, Bartnikowski N, Haymet AB, Chan CHH, Suen JY, Schneider B, Ki KK, Whittaker AK, Dargusch MS, Fraser JF. Anti-thrombogenic Surface Coatings for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Narrative Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4402-4419. [PMID: 34436868 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used in critical care to manage patients with severe respiratory and cardiac failure. ECMO brings blood from a critically ill patient into contact with a non-endothelialized circuit which can cause clotting and bleeding simultaneously in this population. Continuous systemic anticoagulation is needed during ECMO. The membrane oxygenator, which is a critical component of the extracorporeal circuit, is prone to significant thrombus formation due to its large surface area and areas of low, turbulent, and stagnant flow. Various surface coatings, including but not limited to heparin, albumin, poly(ethylene glycol), phosphorylcholine, and poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate), have been developed to reduce thrombus formation during ECMO. The present work provides an up-to-date overview of anti-thrombogenic surface coatings for ECMO, including both commercial coatings and those under development. The focus is placed on the coatings being developed for oxygenators. Overall, zwitterionic polymer coatings, nitric oxide (NO)-releasing coatings, and lubricant-infused coatings have attracted more attention than other coatings and showed some improvement in in vitro and in vivo anti-thrombogenic effects. However, most studies lacked standard hemocompatibility assessment and comparison studies with current clinically used coatings, either heparin coatings or nonheparin coatings. Moreover, this review identifies that further investigation on the thrombo-resistance, stability and durability of coatings under rated flow conditions and the effects of coatings on the function of oxygenators (pressure drop and gas transfer) are needed. Therefore, extensive further development is required before these new coatings can be used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Zhang
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,Australia
| | - Jo P Pauls
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Nicole Bartnikowski
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Andrew B Haymet
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Chris H H Chan
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Scientific and Translational Research Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bailey Schneider
- Scientific and Translational Research Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Katrina K Ki
- Scientific and Translational Research Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew S Dargusch
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Scientific and Translational Research Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
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13
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Song KY, Correia JC, Ruas JL, Teixeira AI. Effects of topological constraints on the alignment and maturation of multinucleated myotubes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2234-2242. [PMID: 33629347 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based technologies enable the development of cell culture systems that provide tailored microenvironmental inputs to mammalian cells. Primary myoblasts can be induced to differentiate into multinucleated skeletal muscle cells, myotubes, which are a relevant model system for investigating skeletal muscle metabolism and physiology in vitro. However, it remains challenging to differentiate primary myoblasts into mature myotubes in microfluidics devices. Here we investigated the effects of integrating continuous (solid) and intermittent (dashed) walls in microfluidic channels as topological constraints in devices designed to promote the alignment and maturation of primary myoblast-derived myotubes. The topological constraints caused alignment of the differentiated myotubes, mimicking the native anisotropic organization of skeletal muscle cells. Interestingly, dashed walls facilitated the maturation of skeletal muscle cells, as measured by quantifying myotube cell area and the number of nuclei per myotube. Together, our results suggest that integrating dashed walls as topographic constraints in microfluidic devices supports the alignment and maturation of primary myoblast-derived myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Song
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jorge C Correia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana I Teixeira
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Chen C, Rengarajan V, Kjar A, Huang Y. A matrigel-free method to generate matured human cerebral organoids using 3D-Printed microwell arrays. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1130-1139. [PMID: 33134606 PMCID: PMC7577195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current methods of generating human cerebral organoids rely excessively on the use of Matrigel or other external extracellular matrices (ECM) for cell micro-environmental modulation. Matrigel embedding is problematic for long-term culture and clinical applications due to high inconsistency and other limitations. In this study, we developed a novel microwell culture platform based on 3D printing. This platform, without using Matrigel or external signaling molecules (i.e., SMAD and Wnt inhibitors), successfully generated matured human cerebral organoids with robust formation of high-level features (i.e., wrinkling/folding, lumens, neuronal layers). The formation and timing were comparable or superior to the current Matrigel methods, yet with improved consistency. The effect of microwell geometries (curvature and resolution) and coating materials (i.e., mPEG, Lipidure, BSA) was studied, showing that mPEG outperformed all other coating materials, while curved-bottom microwells outperformed flat-bottom ones. In addition, high-resolution printing outperformed low-resolution printing by creating faithful, isotropically-shaped microwells. The trend of these effects was consistent across all developmental characteristics, including EB formation efficiency and sphericity, organoid size, wrinkling index, lumen size and thickness, and neuronal layer thickness. Overall, the microwell device that was mPEG-coated, high-resolution printed, and bottom curved demonstrated the highest efficacy in promoting organoid development. This platform provided a promising strategy for generating uniform and mature human cerebral organoids as an alternative to Matrigel/ECM-embedding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Kjar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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15
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Conformation of Polyethylene Glycol inside Confined Space: Simulation and Experimental Approaches. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010244. [PMID: 33477748 PMCID: PMC7832411 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The modification of the inner nanopore wall by polymers is currently used to change the specific properties of the nanosystem. Among them, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the most used to prevent the fouling and ensure the wettability. However, its properties depend mainly on the chain structure that is very difficult to estimate inside this confined space. Combining experimental and simulation approaches, we provide an insight to the consequence of the PEG presence inside the nanopore on the nanopore properties. We show, in particular, that the cation type in the electrolyte, together with the type of electrolyte (water or urea), is at the origin of the ion transport modification in the nanopore.
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16
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Kang PL, Lin YH, Settu K, Yen CS, Yeh CY, Liu JT, Chen CJ, Chang SJ. A Facile Fabrication of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Cross-Linked Gelatin as Screen Printing Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051186. [PMID: 32456005 PMCID: PMC7284702 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on preparation and valuation of the biodegradable, native, and modified gelatin film as screen-printing substrates. Modified gelatin film was prepared by crosslinking with various crosslinking agents and the electrode array was designed by screen-printing. It was observed that the swelling ratio of C-2, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide) was found to be lower (3.98%) than that of C-1 (crosslinked with only glutaraldehyde) (8.77%) and C-0 (without crosslinking) (28.15%). The obtained results indicate that the swelling ratios of both C-1 and C-2 were found to be lower than that of C-0 (control one without crosslinking). The Young's modulus for C-1 and C-2 was found to be 8.55 ± 0.57 and 23.72 ± 2.04 kPa, respectively. Hence, it was conveyed that the mechanical strength of C-2 was found to be two times higher than that of C-l, suggesting that the mechanical strength was enhanced upon dual crosslinking in this study also. The adhesion study indicates that silver ink adhesion on the gelation surface is better than that of carbon ink. In addition, the electrical response of C-2 with a screen-printed electrode (SPE) was found to be the same as the commercial polycarbonate (PC) substrate. The result of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay suggested that the silver SPE on C-2 was non-cytotoxic toward L929 fibroblast cells proliferation. The results indicated that C-2 gelatin is a promising material to act as a screen-printing substrate with excellent biodegradable and biocompatible properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Leun Kang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (P.-L.K.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (P.-L.K.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Kalpana Settu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei 23741, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Shu Yen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-S.Y.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Chin-Yi Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-S.Y.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Jen-Tsai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (J.-T.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-76151100-7467 (S.-J.C.)
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- School of Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (J.-T.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-76151100-7467 (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shwu-Jen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-S.Y.); (C.-Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.-T.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-76151100-7467 (S.-J.C.)
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17
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Sabino RM, Kauk K, Movafaghi S, Kota A, Popat KC. Interaction of blood plasma proteins with superhemophobic titania nanotube surfaces. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102046. [PMID: 31279063 PMCID: PMC6814547 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The need to improve blood biocompatibility of medical devices is urgent. As soon as blood encounters a biomaterial implant, proteins adsorb on its surfaces, often leading to several complications such as thrombosis and failure of the device. Therefore, controlling protein adsorption plays a major role in developing hemocompatible materials. In this study, the interaction of key blood plasma proteins with superhemophobic titania nanotube substrates and the blood clotting responses was investigated. The substrate stability was evaluated and fibrinogen adsorption and thrombin formation from plasma were assessed using ELISA. Whole blood clotting kinetics was also investigated, and Factor XII activation on the substrates was characterized by an in vitro plasma coagulation time assay. The results show that superhemophobic titania nanotubes are stable and considerably decrease surface protein adsorption/Factor XII activation as well as delay the whole blood clotting, and thus can be a promising approach for designing blood contacting medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Maia Sabino
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kirsten Kauk
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sanli Movafaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Arun Kota
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ketul C Popat
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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18
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Song Q, Schönherr H. Control of Orientation, Formation of Ordered Structures, and Self-Sorting of Surface-Functionalized Microcubes at the Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6742-6751. [PMID: 31039608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of the orientation of microscale PS cubes, which are surface functionalized on only five faces, at the water/air interface and the ordered aggregates formed by capillary force assembly are reported. Depending on the wettability of the faces, the cubes were shown to adopt a preferred orientation that changes with decreasing wettability from face up to edge up and further to vertex up. Concomitantly, stable aggregates with different structures were formed by capillary force self-assembly. The unmodified bottom face of the cubes was localized by fluorescence labeling. Finally, self-sorting of differently surface functionalized microcubes was realized for the first time, due to the stronger capillary interactions of quadrupole-quadrupole and hexapole-hexapole interactions compared to quadrupole-hexapole interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Song
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering ( Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology , University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , 57076 , Siegen , Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering ( Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology , University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , 57076 , Siegen , Germany
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19
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Shoffstall AJ, Ecker M, Danda V, Joshi-Imre A, Stiller A, Yu M, Paiz JE, Mancuso E, Bedell HW, Voit WE, Pancrazio JJ, Capadona JR. Characterization of the Neuroinflammatory Response to Thiol-ene Shape Memory Polymer Coated Intracortical Microelectrodes. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E486. [PMID: 30424419 PMCID: PMC6215215 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-ene based shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been developed for use as intracortical microelectrode substrates. The unique chemistry provides precise control over the mechanical and thermal glass-transition properties. As a result, SMP substrates are stiff at room temperature, allowing for insertion into the brain without buckling and subsequently soften in response to body temperatures, reducing the mechanical mismatch between device and tissue. Since the surface chemistry of the materials can contribute significantly to the ultimate biocompatibility, as a first step in the characterization of our SMPs, we sought to isolate the biological response to the implanted material surface without regards to the softening mechanics. To accomplish this, we tightly controlled for bulk stiffness by comparing bare silicon 'dummy' devices to thickness-matched silicon devices dip-coated with SMP. The neuroinflammatory response was evaluated after devices were implanted in the rat cortex for 2 or 16 weeks. We observed no differences in the markers tested at either time point, except that astrocytic scarring was significantly reduced for the dip-coated implants at 16 weeks. The surface properties of non-softening thiol-ene SMP substrates appeared to be equally-tolerated and just as suitable as silicon for neural implant substrates for applications such as intracortical microelectrodes, laying the groundwork for future softer devices to improve upon the prototype device performance presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Shoffstall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Melanie Ecker
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Vindhya Danda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
- Center for Engineering Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Alexandra Joshi-Imre
- Center for Engineering Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Allison Stiller
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Marina Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Paiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Mancuso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Hillary W Bedell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Walter E Voit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
- Center for Engineering Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Joseph J Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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20
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Weber M, Steinle H, Golombek S, Hann L, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Blood-Contacting Biomaterials: In Vitro Evaluation of the Hemocompatibility. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:99. [PMID: 30062094 PMCID: PMC6054932 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocompatibility of blood-contacting biomaterials is one of the most important criteria for their successful in vivo applicability. Thus, extensive in vitro analyses according to ISO 10993-4 are required prior to clinical applications. In this review, we summarize essential aspects regarding the evaluation of the hemocompatibility of biomaterials and the required in vitro analyses for determining the blood compatibility. Static, agitated, or shear flow models are used to perform hemocompatibility studies. Before and after the incubation of the test material with fresh human blood, hemolysis, cell counts, and the activation of platelets, leukocytes, coagulation and complement system are analyzed. Furthermore, the surface of biomaterials are evaluated concerning attachment of blood cells, adsorption of proteins, and generation of thrombus and fibrin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Dabaghi M, Fusch G, Saraei N, Rochow N, Brash JL, Fusch C, Ravi Selvaganapathy P. An artificial placenta type microfluidic blood oxygenator with double-sided gas transfer microchannels and its integration as a neonatal lung assist device. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:044101. [PMID: 30867861 PMCID: PMC6404930 DOI: 10.1063/1.5034791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Preterm neonates suffering from respiratory distress syndrome require assistive support in the form of mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which may lead to long-term complications or even death. Here, we describe a high performance artificial placenta type microfluidic oxygenator, termed as a double-sided single oxygenator unit (dsSOU), which combines microwire stainless-steel mesh reinforced gas permeable membranes on both sides of a microchannel network, thereby significantly reducing the diffusional resistance to oxygen uptake as compared to the previous single-sided oxygenator designs. The new oxygenator is designed to be operated in a pumpless manner, perfused solely due to the arterio-venous pressure difference in a neonate and oxygenate blood through exposure directly to ambient atmosphere without any air or oxygen pumping. The best performing dsSOUs showed up to ∼343% improvement in oxygen transfer compared to a single-sided SOU (ssSOU) with the same height. Later, the dsSOUs were optimized and integrated to build a lung assist device (LAD) that could support the oxygenation needs for a 1-2 kg neonate under clinically relevant conditions for the artificial placenta, namely, flow rates ranging from 10 to 60 ml/min and a pressure drop of 10-60 mmHg. The LAD provided an oxygen uptake of 0.78-2.86 ml/min, which corresponded to the increase in oxygen saturation from 57 ± 1% to 93%-100%, under pure oxygen environment. This microfluidic lung assist device combines elegant design with new microfabrication methods to develop a pumpless, microfluidic blood oxygenator that is capable of supporting 30% of the oxygen needs of a pre-term neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Fusch
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Neda Saraei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Niels Rochow
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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22
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Plegue TJ, Kovach KM, Thompson AJ, Potkay JA. Stability of Polyethylene Glycol and Zwitterionic Surface Modifications in PDMS Microfluidic Flow Chambers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:492-502. [PMID: 29231737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood-material interactions are crucial to the lifetime, safety, and overall success of blood contacting devices. Hydrophilic polymer coatings have been employed to improve device lifetime by shielding blood contacting materials from the natural foreign body response, primarily the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. These coatings have the ability to repel proteins, cells, bacteria, and other micro-organisms. Coatings are desired to have long-term stability, so that the nonthrombogenic and nonfouling effects gained are long lasting. Unfortunately, there exist limited studies which investigate their stability under dynamic flow conditions as encountered in a physiological setting. In addition, direct comparisons between multiple coatings are lacking in the literature. In this study, we investigate the stability of polyethylene glycol (PEG), zwitterionic sulfobetaine silane (SBSi), and zwitterionic polyethylene glycol sulfobetaine silane (PEG-SBSi) grafted by a room temperature, sequential flow chemistry process on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) over time under ambient, static fluid (no flow), and physiologically relevant flow conditions and compare the results to uncoated PDMS controls. PEG, SBSi, and PEG-SBSi coatings maintained contact angles below 20° for up to 35 days under ambient conditions. SBSi and PEG-SBSi showed increased stability and hydrophilicity after 7 days under static conditions. They also retained contact angles ≤40° for all shear rates after 7 days under flow, demonstrating their potential for long-term stability. The effectiveness of the coatings to resist platelet adhesion was also studied under physiological flow conditions. PEG showed a 69% reduction in adhered platelets, PEG-SBSi a significant 80% reduction, and SBSi a significant 96% reduction compared to uncoated control samples, demonstrating their potential applicability for blood contacting applications. In addition, the presented coatings and their stability under shear may be of interest in other applications including marine coatings, lab on a chip devices, and contact lenses, where it is desirable to reduce surface fouling due to proteins, cells, and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Plegue
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Kyle M Kovach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alex J Thompson
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joseph A Potkay
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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23
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Kuliasha CA, Fedderwitz RL, Calvo PR, Sumerlin BS, Brennan AB. Engineering the Surface Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Utilizing Aqueous RAFT Photografting of Acrylate/Methacrylate Monomers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cary A. Kuliasha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §J. Crayton M. Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Fedderwitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §J. Crayton M. Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Patricia R. Calvo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §J. Crayton M. Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §J. Crayton M. Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Anthony B. Brennan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §J. Crayton M. Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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24
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Goudie MJ, Pant J, Handa H. Liquid-infused nitric oxide-releasing (LINORel) silicone for decreased fouling, thrombosis, and infection of medical devices. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13623. [PMID: 29051609 PMCID: PMC5648791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports on liquid-infused materials have shown promise in creating ultra-low fouling surfaces, but are limited in their ability to prevent bacterial proliferation and prevent platelet activation in blood-contacting applications. In this work, a liquid-infused nitric oxide-releasing (LINORel) material is created by incorporating the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and silicone oil in commercial medical grade silicone rubber tubing through a solvent swelling process. This combination provides several key advantages over previous NO-releasing materials, including decreased leaching of NO donor, controlled release of NO, and maintenance of ultra-low fouling property of liquid-infused materials. The LINORel tubing reduces protein adhesion as observed using fluorescence imaging, and platelet adhesion (81.7 ± 2.5%) in vitro over a 2 h period. The LINORel combination greatly reduces bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of two most common pathogens responsible for hospital acquired infections: gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (99.3 ± 1.9% and 88.5 ± 3.3% respectively) over a 7-day period in a CDC bioreactor environment. Overall, the LINORel approach provides a synergistic combination of active and passive non-fouling approaches to increase biocompatibility and reduce infection associated with medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jitendra Pant
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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25
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Xue P, Li Q, Li Y, Sun L, Zhang L, Xu Z, Kang Y. Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33632-33644. [PMID: 28901742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been widely utilized in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and implantable devices. To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). Under appropriate ratio of HA to PDA, platelet adhesion and activation were considerably reduced on modified PDMS substrates, indicating an enhanced hemocompatibility compared to native PDMS or those coated with HA or PDA solely. HA/PDA coating also posed minimal cytotoxicity on the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (HUVECs). The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface was characterized based on the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages. This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices , Chongqing 400715, China
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26
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Lee AWH, Gates BD. Covalent Surface Modification of Silicon Oxides with Alcohols in Polar Aprotic Solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8707-8715. [PMID: 28556659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-based monolayers were successfully formed on the surfaces of silicon oxides through reactions performed in polar aprotic solvents. Monolayers prepared from alcohol-based reagents have been previously introduced as an alternative approach to covalently modify the surfaces of silicon oxides. These reagents are readily available, widely distributed, and are minimally susceptible to side reactions with ambient moisture. A limitation of using alcohol-based compounds is that previous reactions required relatively high temperatures in neat solutions, which can degrade some alcohol compounds or could lead to other unwanted side reactions during the formation of the monolayers. To overcome these challenges, we investigate the condensation reaction of alcohols on silicon oxides carried out in polar aprotic solvents. In particular, propylene carbonate has been identified as a polar aprotic solvent that is relatively nontoxic, readily accessible, and can facilitate the formation of alcohol-based monolayers. We have successfully demonstrated this approach for tuning the surface chemistry of silicon oxide surfaces with a variety of alcohol containing compounds. The strategy introduced in this research can be utilized to create silicon oxide surfaces with hydrophobic, oleophobic, or charged functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin W H Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Byron D Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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27
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Investigation of Diffusion Characteristics through Microfluidic Channels for Passive Drug Delivery Applications. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2016; 2016:7913616. [PMID: 27313895 PMCID: PMC4899604 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7913616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics has many drug delivery applications due to the ability to easily create complex device designs with feature sizes reaching down to the 10s of microns. In this work, three different microchannel designs for an implantable device are investigated for treatment of ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy. Devices were fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and soft lithography techniques, where surface chemistry of the channels was altered using 2-[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane (PEG-silane). An estimated delivery rate for a number of common drugs was approximated for each device through the ratio of the diffusion coefficients for the dye and the respective drug. The delivery rate of the model drugs was maintained at a physiological condition and the effects of channel design and surface chemistry on the delivery rate of the model drugs were recorded over a two-week period. Results showed that the surface chemistry of the device had no significant effect on the delivery rate of the model drugs. All designs were successful in delivering a constant daily dose for each model drug.
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28
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Patabadige DEW, Jia S, Sibbitts J, Sadeghi J, Sellens K, Culbertson CT. Micro Total Analysis Systems: Fundamental Advances and Applications. Anal Chem 2015; 88:320-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damith E. W. Patabadige
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Shu Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jay Sibbitts
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jalal Sadeghi
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Kathleen Sellens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christopher T. Culbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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29
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Yang L, Okamura Y, Kimura H. Surface modification on polydimethylsiloxane-based microchannels with fragmented poly(l-lactic acid) nanosheets. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:064108. [PMID: 26634016 PMCID: PMC4654732 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification is a critical issue in various applications of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices. Here, we describe a novel method through which PDMS-based microchannels were successfully modified with fragmented poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanosheets through a simple patchwork technique that exploited the high level of adhesiveness of PLLA nanosheets. Compared with other surface modification methods, our method required neither complicated chemical modifications nor the use of organic solvents that tend to cause PDMS swelling. The experimental results indicated that the modified PDMS exhibited excellent capacity for preventing the adhesion and activation of platelets. This simple yet efficient method can be used to fabricate the special PDMS microfluidic devices for biological, medical, and even hematological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University , 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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30
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Hydrophilic Surface Modification of PDMS Microchannel for O/W and W/O/W Emulsions. MICROMACHINES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/mi6101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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